]

NAZISM AND THE

RISE OF HITLER

I .C.llAmR- -AT- -A-_GLANCE

- -
-
A. Germany a~er the First World War
(a) Results of World War I (1914-1918)
1. Defeat of C~ntral Powers (Austria-Hungary and Germany)
2. Victory of Allied Powers (England, France, Russia and USA)
(b) Establishment of Weimar Republic
1. Federal structure of the Republic . dult franchise
2• Deputies to be elected to the Reichstag on the b asJS
• 0 f universal a
(c) Treaty of Versailles (1919)
1. Signed between Germany and the Allied Powers k Poland and
. t France, Denmar ,
2. Germany lost its coal mines, its iron deposits, colorues 0
Lithuania
3. Germany was demilitarised
4. Germany had to pay compensation of 6 billion pounds
5. Rhineland was occupied by the Allied Powers
(d) Effects of World War I
1. The supporters of Weimer Republic were called as November criminals
2. Trench life began to be given importance
3. National honour and aggressive war propaganda were given importance
(e) Spartacist Revolt
1. Organised by the supporters of Bolsheviks in Germany
2. Wanted Soviet style of government in Germany
3. Was suppressed by the War veterans, called as Free Corps
(j) Economic Crisis of 1923
1. Depletion of gold reserves as Germany paid war compensation in gold
2. In 1923 Germany refused to pay the war compensation
3. France annexed Ruhr valley
4. Germany printed paper currency, which led to devaluation of Mark

'40_/ L.. _ U-LJKE Socia! Sclence-lX1

 s. This created the situation of hyperinflation
6_ USA, through Dawes plan helped Germany by giving loans
EconoJilic Crisis of 1929
(g) . It began in USA with the crash of Wall Street Exchange
1
2. People sold their shares, leading to further fall in the value of shares
the National Economy of USA, aeating unemployment, decline ,..
3_ This Jed to crumbling of
in exports and national income
4. This economic Depression affected most of the countries of the world
s. Germany was also badly affected as the industries closed down, creating large scale
unemployment.
6 . small businessmen, retailers and self employed suffered from the fear of proletarianisation
i.e., they would also become poor like the working class
(h) weaknesse~ of the W~~mer Republic .
1. Formation of coalition government due to the principle of proportional representation
2. Article 48 gave the power to the President of Weimer republic to suspend civil rights,
impose emergency and rule by decree
Jtise of Hitler
IJ. (a) Early life and establishment of Nazi party
1. Hitler was born in Austria in 1899
2. In 1919 he joined German Workers Party which he renamed as National Socialist German
Workers Party
3. Hitler was put in prison for trying to seize power at Berlin
4. His Nazi Party became popular among people and became the largest party in the Reichstag
by 1932
(b) Hitler became popular with the people of Germany
1. He was a great orator
2. Promised his people employment, undo injustice of Treaty of Versailles and remove
foreign influence from the country
3. Red banners with Swastika, Nazi salute and an applause after his speeches made him
popular among masses
(c) Steps taken by Hitler a~er becoming the Chancellor in 1933
1. Fire Decree of 1933 - suspension of speech, press and assembly
2. All communists were sent to concentration camps
3. Enabling Act of 1933- gave the power to Hitler to rule by decree
4. Special inspection forces such as Gestapo, SS, Criminal Police and the Security Service
were created to control the activities of people
5. Introduction of state funded work creation programme under the supervision of economist
Hjalmar Schacht to create full employment and full production
6. Withdrawal from League of Nations in 1933
7. Occupation of Rhineland in 1936
8. Integration of Germany and Austria in 1938
9. Annexation of Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
10. Invasion of Poland in 1939
11. Signing of Tripartite Pact with Italy and Japan in 1940
12. Defeated by the Soviet Red Army in the battle of Stalingrad

~_N_az_ls_m_a.::;.;n.;..;d;.._th:.:.:.=..e...:.:R::.:ls.::.e..:::o::...f.:.:H::::.IHe.::.:r_ __,/
 C. World War II (1939-1945)
J. Allied Powers - UK and France in the beginning. 1n 1941 US.SR joint the Allied Powers
2. USA joint the Allied Powers, when Japan bombed USA base - Pearl Harbour
3. Axis Powers -Germany, Italy and Japan
4. Second World War came to an end in 1945 with the defeat of Axis Powers and bombing of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
S. The war criminals were tried by International Milit Tribunal at Nuremberg
D. Nazism md its impact on the world ary
(11) Ideology
l Racial hierarch - N 0rd•
• be I ced y ic Germans at the top, followed by other coloured people and Jews
to pa at the lowest level
: =eory w~ influenced by thinkers like Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer ,. ',.
• . ra~ auned at gaining more territories to increase the resources of Germany
(b) C reahon of racial state
1. Division of People • tO d .
. m esll'able and undesirable communities
2. Desirable consisted 0 f N
. ordic Aryans and undesirable consisted of Jews, blacks, Gypsies,
Russians, Poles or m tall .
en y and physically unfit Germans
3. Jews were sp •all .
. ea Y targeted because they were labeled as killers of Christ and were
• They were persecuted m • large n umbers
• considered greedY b Y profess1on.
.4. Germany declared genocidal war by establishing killing centers like Auschwitz
5
• Poland was divided irito North Western Poland, which was annexed by Germany and
General Government
6- General Government in Poland became the regipn for punishing all the undesirable people
of the Empire • ,. -,
(c) ESlablishment of Nazi schools
1. Jewish teachers were dismissed
2. Jews, Gypsies and undesirable children were sent to the gas chambers
3. Subjects like racial science were taught
4. Students had to be submissive and worship Hitler .
5. Organisations like Jungvolk were set up for children below 14 years of age; Hitler Youth '
for children at 14 and after 18 they joint Labour Service. Later on they had to serve in the
army
(d) Role of Women
1. Had to be good mothers and bring up pure blooded Aryan Children
2. Women were encouraged to produce more children and were awarded medals accordingly
3. Women who produced undesirable children were publically insulted and punished
(e) Role of Media
1. Used misleading words to hide their brutal behaviour
2. Used words like special treatment and final solution for the killing of Jews. Evacuation was
used for sending people to gas chambers
3. Movies like Eternal Jews was screened to insult them
4. Jews were referred as rats, vermin and pests

I U-LIKE Social Science-,~]

 N.C.E.R.T. EXERCISES
Q.1. Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
Ans. The problems faced by the Weimar Republic were as mentioned below :
(,) Peace treaty at the Versailles was harsh and humiliating e.g., Germany was forced to pay
compensation of£ 6 billion. People held the new Weimar Republic responsible for this treaty.
(i1) The supporters of the Republic- Socialists, Catholics and Democrats were called the 'November
Criminals'.
(iii) There was revolutionary uprising of the Spartacist League on the pattern of the Bolshevik
Revolution in Russia.
(iv) The economic crisis of 1923 made the situation worse as the prices rose phenomenally high.
(v) During the Great Economic Depression German economy was again badly hit. The number of
unemployed rose to 6 million.
(vi) Politically too the Weimar Republic was fragile. Constitutional defect made it vulnerable to
dictatorship. One defect was the proportional.representation. Article 48 gave President vast
powers including rule by decree.
Q.2. Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
Ans. The crisis in the economy, polity and society formed the background to Hitler's rise to power and
popularity of Nazism.
(1) Hitler was a powerful speaker. His passion and his words moved people. He promised to
build a strong nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty and restore the dignity of the
German people.
(it) Hitler devised a new style of politics. He understood the rituals and spectacle in mass
mobilisation. The Red banners with the Swastika, the Nazi salute, and the ritualised rounds of
applause after the speeches were all parts of this spectacle of power.
The result was that the Nazi Party that had got 2.6 per cent votes in the Reichstag in 1928, got
37 per cent votes in 1932 and had become the largest party.
Q.3. What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking?
Ans. (1) Nazism was a system, a structure of ideas about the world and politics.
(iz) They understood the significance of rituals and spectacle in mass mobilisation.
'., (iii) Nazis believed in racial hierarchy. In this view blond, bluHyed Nordic German Aryans were
at the top, while Jews were located at the lowest ring. Hitler's racism was borrowed from
thinkers like Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer. They believed that the strongest would
survive and the weak would perish.
(iv) Nazis wanted only a society of 'pure and healthy' Nordic Aryans.
(v) Nazism is related to the concept of Lebensraum or living space. Hitler believed. that new
territories had to be acquired for settlement.
(vi) It glorified the state and the war.
(vii) It strongly opposed to democracy, liberalism and internationalism.
(viii) Nazism was aggressive, expansionist and imperialistic.
(ix) Nazism believed in control over the child both inside and outside school in order to establish
a strong Nazi society.
1 (x) While boys were taught to be aggressive, masculine and steel hearted, girls were told that they
had to become good mothers and rear pure-blooded Aryan children.

~~m and the Rise ~f_H_IH~e_r_ _/ /_43j

QA. Explain why Nazi propaga nda was effective in creating a ha~d for ~ews•.
Ans. (i) The Nazi regime used deceptive and chilling tennS to descnbe thelI' actions e.g.,
final SOI
for mass killings of the Jews. • "tloii
(ii) Propaganda films were made to create hatred for Jews. The most infamous film Was nre Et
.. typed d ked They were .shown with flou..i- be ettrll] r,..,_
.. •.ug ards w ,1....
(m) Orthodox Jews were stereo an mar • . .
I<aftans, where as in reality it was difficult to dIStingmsh. German Jews by their 0 ~
Utw~
appearance because they were a highly assimilated co~uru ty.
(iv) They were referred to as vermin, rats and pests. Their moveme nts ~ere compilred O
.t
th
of rodents. Nazism worked on the minds of the people; tap~ed. eir emotions, ilnd th0se
their hatred and anger at those marked as 'undesirable which included Jews bes·d 1 ~
communities. Jews were stereotyped as killers of Christ and usurers. es Otfier
Return to Chapter
1 on the French n
S Explain what role women had in Nazi society. . . . .1.,evo1uti
Q• • °II.
Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the role of women m the two penods.
men and
Ans. (r) Nazi society : (a) Children were told that women were r~dically different from
fight for equal rights for men and women was wrong and it would destroy society. tfie
(b) Girls were told that they had to become good mothers and rear pure-blOOded
children. Aryan
(c) Girls had to maintain th~ purity of ~e race, distance themselves from Jews, look after
home, and teach their children NaZI values. the
(d) They had to be the bearers of the Aryan culture and race.
In 1933, Hitler said, ':In my state the mother is the most importa1_1t citizen". But in Nazi Gennan
Y,
all mothers were not treated equally. Women who bore raaally undesirable children
punished and those who produced racially desirable children were awarded . To enco;:re
women to produce many children, Honour Crosses were awarded . ge
(iz) Comparison on the role of women in French Revolution and Nazi Germany:
(a) Unlike Nazi society, women were very active participants in the French Revolution.
(b) They hoped that their involvement would pressurise the revolutionary government to
introduce measures to improve their lives.
(c) Most of the women of the third estate had to work for a living.
(d) They did not have access to education or job training.
(e) Working women had also to care for their families.
(f) Their wages were lower than those of men.
Q.6. In what ways did the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people ?
mentioned
Ans. The Nazi state sought to establish total control over the people by adopting the ways as
below:
28,
(z) Fire Decree 1933 : After a mysterious fire broke out in the German Parliament on February
1933, the Fire Decree 1933 indefinitely suspend ed civic rights like freedom of speech, press and
assembly that had been granted by the Weimar Constitution.
newly
(iz) A repressive policy was followed against the Communists who were sent to the
established concentration camps. .
ip in
(iiz) On 3 March 1933, the famous Enabling Act was passed which established dictatorsh
Germany. It gave Hitler all powers to sideline Parliament and rule by decree. All political
parties and trade unions were banned except for the Nazi Party and its affiliates. The state
established complete control over the economy, media, army and judiciary.

~--
U-LIKE Social sclen c~
 (iv) Special surveillance and security forces were created to control and order society in ways that
the Nazis wanted. These were the Gestapo (secret state police), the SS (the protection squads),
criminal police and the Security Service (SD).
(v) The extra-constitutional powers of these newly organised forces gave the Nazi state reputation
of the most dreaded criminal state. People could be detained in Gestapo torture chambers and
sent to concentration camps, deported at will or arrested without any legal procedures.
(v1) The police forces acquired powers to rule with impunity.

MATCH THE-FOLLOWING
Matcli the Column A with the Column B :

Q.1.
Column A ColumnB Ans.
(a) Reichstag (1) Destruction (a) - (ii)
(b) November Criminals (ii) German Parliament (b) - (ii,)
(c) Spartacist League (c) - (iv)
(iii) Weimar Republic
(d) - (t)
(d) Genocide (iv) Free Cops

Q.2.
Column A ColumnB Ans.
(a) Allied Powers (i) French (a) - (iii)
(b) Axis Powers (ii) USA (b) - (iv)
(c) - (i)
(c) Ruhr (iii) United Kingdom
(d) - (it)
(d) Dawes Plan (iv) Germany

Q.3.
ColumnA ColumnB Ans.
(a) Wall Street Exchange (i) Impoverishment (a) - (iii)
(b) Proletarianisation (b) - (1)
(it) Dictatorship
(c) - (iv)
(c) Fire Decree (iii) Economic Depression
(d) - (ii)
(d) Enabling Act (iv) Civic Rights
Q.4.
Column A ColumnB Ans.
(a) Gestapo (1) Death (a) - (i,)
(b) Lebensraum (i1) Secret State Police (b) - (iv)
(c) - (1)
(c) Euthanasia (ii,) Youth Groups
(d) - (ii,)
(d) Jungvolk (iv) Living Space
Q.5.
Column A ColumnB Ans.
(a) Evacuation (r) Mass Killings (a) - (iii)
(b) - (1)
(b) Final Solution (i1) Killing Operations
(c) - (iv)
(c) Eternal Jew (iiz) Gas Chambers
(d) - (it)
(d) Holocaust (iv) Film

•
Nazism and the Rise of Hitler 7
 --- --- -== == =-- --- -~- _-_-_-~-=---=-=-=~__,,
---~ ---, mo 1C E-Q UE ST IO NS _
d . - . c 1 ~ J -toftlref ourpo11 &fble options gioen after the stateme nt of the question
:
Q.J. Why was lntern.at ional Tribuna l set up ?
<•) To Pn>secu te Jews
' (c) To Prosecute Storm Troopers (b) To Prosecu te Nazi War Crimina ls
Q.2., Who were, Novemb er Crimina ls ? (d) To Prosecu te Disable d People .
(•) Members of Weimar Republi c
Q..3. ~ Su~port ers of Weimer Republi c (b) Members of Nazi Party
(.r) ~did aggress ion become the m . (d) Revolut ionaries of Russia
(b) I ar propag anda by the IIl.ed.i _ain domina nt thought after the First World War?
twas popularised. a m Public lif
(c) Feelin by the midd} e.
(d) Pro g of depriva tion by th e class of Germany.
Q.4. Wh pagand a by the Nazi. p e Working class.
at Was the tna· arty.
( ) in ob· •
a To establis h dern Jec~1ve of Spartac ist League ?
(b) To estab1:_.._ ~atic regime in r~- _
( ) LCSI\ Nazi ord . ~many .
c To establis h So . er in Germany.
(d) To establis h di Vlet style of governm ent in Germany.
Q.s. Name the coun cta~rsh ip in Germany.
(a) AUstna -Huntry , Which helped German y during the crisis of Hyper inflation .
Q.6 , Natne th ~ary (b) Japan (c) USA • (d) Italy
e countri es wh. h .
(a) Ge ic signed Triparti te pact.
(c) ee::y , Russia and Turkey (b) Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
Q.7. It . y, Italy and Japan (d) England, France and USA
Was easier to tr f
(a) No Party ans orm the democratic setup of Weimar Republi·c to dictator
· h"
s 1P·
(b could get majority in the Reichstag.
) Genna n people support ed monarchy.
(c) Voting rights had been extende d to only the propertied class~
(d) The country had been facing economic crisis.
Q.s. Hitler was able to establis h dictatorship in German y _ _ _ __
(a) by repudia ting Treaty of Versailles (b) by introducing economic reforms
(c) by issuing Fire Decree (d) by introducing Enabling Act
Q.9. Hitler got the support of a country for following aggressive foreign policy _ _ _ _
_
(a) USA (b) Japan (c) England (d) Italy
Q.10. The theory of racial hierarchy introduced by Hitler was inspired by a great thinker _
_ ___
(a) Karl Marx (b) Herbert Spencer (c) Montesquieu (d) John Locke
Q.11. Hitler's Concep t of Living space was also known by another name.
(a) Coru;cription (b) Sovereignty (c) Lebensraum , (d') Chauvinism
Q.12. Which of the following ideas does not come under the Hitler's ideolog y?
(a) There is no equality between people but only a racial hierarchy.
(b) Blond, blue-eyed Nordic German Aryans are at the top.
(c) Jews were located at the lowest rung.
(d') Hitler's racism was borrowed from thinkers like Rousseau and Montesquieu.

/;_ __U-LIKE .~lal Scle_n~tt._-lX~

 AN SW ERS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (cf) 9. (c) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (cf)

- - PIC TU RE BA SED QU EST ION S

Study the picture and answer the quesHo n that follows :
,,;•·
i Q.1. Which of the followi ng aspects best signifie s this image ?

De1nr· --;-AGEN

,~
-
A\
~

y
-

(a) Politica l freedom for worker s (b) Improv ed living conditio ns of the worker s
(c) Equalit y for women :' (d) The car Volksw agen
Q.2. Which of the followi ng aspects best signifie s this image ?

(a) Aparth eid (b) Policy of racial segregation

(c) Inequa lity (d) Concentration of power
Q.3. Which of the follow ing aspects best signifies this image ?

:,
I

(a) Portray al of Greedy J;ws by the Nazis (b) The ugly Jew
(c) The fat Jew (d) The Usurer

[Nazism and the Rise of Hltler_ 7 / 47

 ·-- --- --- --- --- --
AN SW ER S
--- --- --- --- ·-·
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a)

CORRECT-IBEFOLLOWING
STAT EM EN TS
~.. A
.;;. -= N
~- - D~ _
- --- ---
ans.
Q.1. Hitle r attac ked Easte rn Euro pe to aveng e the humi liatio n of the Germ
living space for the Germans.
Ans. Hitle r attac ked Easte rn Euro pe to ensur e food suppl y and
Q.2. USA joine d the Seco nd Worl d War only in 1941 for exten
sion of territories. rd
in 1941 to take reven ge from Japan , who had bomba ed
Ans. USA joine d the Secon d Worl d War only
Pearl Harb or.
nsibl e for the defea t of Germans in the
Q.3. Nazi s cond emne d Jews as they were consi dered respo
First Worl d War.
s of Jesus Christ.
Ans. Nazi s cond emne d Jews as they were consi dered killer
with economic crisis.
Q.4 . Hitle r impr oved the infra struc ture of Germ any to deal
mic crisis.
Ans. Hitle r intro duce d the polic y of war to deal with econo
e work ers.
Q.S. Prole tarian isatio n mean t that all peop le woul d becom
d becom e poor like the work ing classes of Germany.
Ans. Prole tarian isatio n mean t that all peopl e woul
the shortage of goods.
Q.6. Hype rinfla tion in Germ any in 1923 was cause d due to
the availability of excess printe d money in
Ans. Hype rinfla tion in Germ any in 1923 was cause d due to
circu lation .
respo nsibl e for the mass murders.
Q.7. Nove mber Crim inals were those Germ ans who had been
suppo rters of Weimer Republic.
Ans. Nove mber Crim inals were those Germ ans who had been

ARRANGE THE FOLLOWING

IN CORRECT SEQUENCE...___-
~- --
Q.1. (z) Occu patio n of Ruhr by French
(iz) Outb reak of the First World War
(iit) Treat y of Versailles
(iv) Abdi catio n of the thron e by the empe ror of Germ any
(a) (iv) - (1) - (iii) - (iz) (b) (1) - (iii) - (i1) - (iv)

(c) (i1) - (iv) - (iiz) - (1) (d) (iit) - (iz) - (1) - (iv)

Q.2. (1) Hitle r becam e the dictat or of Germany.

(ir) Hitle r becam e the chancellor of Germany.
(ii,) Hitle r's party became the large st party in Reichstag.
(iv) Suspension of civic rights.
(a) (iv) - (1) - (iii)- (it) (b) (1) - (iii) - (i1) - (iv)
(c) (ii) - (iv) - (iii) - (1) (d) (iiz) - (ii) - (iv) - (1)
Q.3. (1) Union of Austria with Germany
(i,) Reoccupation of Rhineland

7 l __ U-LIKE Social Science-ix.

 (iii)Withdrawal from League of Nations
(iv) Annexation of Sudentenland from Chzechoslovalda
(a) (iv) - (iii) - (1) - (i1) (b) (1)- (ii,)- (i1)- (iv)
(c) (i1) - (iv) - (iii) - (1) (ti) (iii)- (i1) - (1)- (iv)
Q.4. (I) Tripartite Pact between Germany, Italy and Japan
(ii) Entry of USA in the Second World War
(ii,) Invasion of Poland by Germany
(iv) Attack on Soviet Union by Germany
(a) (iv) - (iii) - (1) - (i,) (b) (I) - (ii,) - (i,) - (iv)
(c) (i1) - (iv) - (ii,) - (1) (d) (ii,) - (1) - (iv) - (ii)
.T""~---- - ----

ANSWERS
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (d)

~ASSERTION-REASON QUESTION S.
In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Read the statements and choose the correct option.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both {A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Hitler used media to win support for the regime.
Reason (R) : Propaganda films were made to create hatred for jews.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : Jews were referred to as vermin, rats and pests.
Reason CR) : Hitler hated Jews.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : In Nazi Germany girls were expected to maintain purity of race.
Reason (R) : Females had to give birth to pure blooded Aryan children.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : There was introduction of racial science in schools of Germany.
Reason (R) : Hitler believed in creation of Nazi society by teaching Nazi ideology to children.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : After the occupation of Poland by Germany, Polish were forced to leave their
country.
Reason (R) : Hitler wanted Jews to settle in Poland.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : US joined the Second World War in 1941.
Reason (R) : Japan had thrown bomb at Pearl Harbour a US Base.
Q.7. Assertion (A) : Treaty of Versailles was responsible for the outbreak of Second World War.
Reason (R) : Germany was humiliated and deprived of its important territories in the world
in accordance with Treaty of Versailles.

ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (n) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (a)

[~~Ism and the Rise of J-IIH~ 7 / 49

Alf$Tl1ffS sho uld no t exc
eed 40 wo rds .
d
Q~ Wh~ an wh y wa s trib una l set up at Nu rem ber g 7
At the end of the Wo rld Wa r ll, ~
Ans. prosecute Nazi wa r cri an Int ern ati ona l Mi lita ~p~
min als for Cri me s aga ins t Pea ry Tri bu nal at Nu rem ber g wa s se .
ce, for Wa r Cr im es an d Cri
Humanity- me s Agait\St
Q.2 . Na me the all ied pow
ers of the Se con d Wo rld Wa
Ans- Th e Allied Pow ers we r.
re ini tial ly led by the UK an d Fra
USA. They fought aga ins t the nce . In 1941 the y we re joi nt
Ax is Po we rs, nam ely Ge by the USSR and
Q.3. Wh at wa s Ge rm an Pa rlia rm any , Ita ly an d Japan.
me nt cal led as ?
An s. Reichstag. •
Q.4. Na me the res our ce ric
h are a of Ge rm any , wh ich
treaty of Ve rsa ille s. wa s occ up ied by the Al lie
d Po we rs after the
Ans. Rhineland.
Q.5. Wh o we re No vem ber Cri
mi nal s·?
Ans. Socialists, Ca tho lics and
De mo cra ts we re sup po rte rs
responsible for the signing the of We im ar Republics, wh o
hu mi lia tin g tre aty of Versaille were held
Q.6. Wh at was Sp art aci st Re s wi th the Allied Powers.
vo lt ?
Ans. It wa s a revolt org ani sed
by the sup po rte rs of So vie t sty
au she d the Revolt. le of Go ver nm ent in Ge rm any
. Free Corps
Q.7. Sta te any on e cau se of
eco no mi c cri sis of 1.923 in
Ge rm any .
Ans. Germany ha d fought the wa r lar
gel y on loa ns an d ha d to pa y wa
gold reserves. r reparations in gold. This deplete
d
Q.8. What was Dawes Pla n?
Ans. It was introduced by USA
to extend loa ns to Germany
economic crisis of 1923. 50 tha t country could relieve itself from
the
Q.9. When did Wa ll Street
Exchange cra sh? What was its
Ans. The Wall Street Exchange eff ect ?
crashed in 1929. Th is marked
Depression. the beginning of the Gr eat Econmn
ic
Q.10. Na me the party establis
hed by Hitler.
Ans. National Socialist German
Party, which came to be known
Q.11. State any one drawback as Nazi Party.
s of the Weimar Republic.
t Ans. The system of
proportional representation ma
de achieving majority by any one
impossible task, leading to a rul party a near
e by coalitions.
Q.12. Why wa s Hi tle r pu t in
jail in 1923?
Ans. He ha d planned a seizur
e of power by marching to Be
rlin. He was tried for treason and
released. later
Q.13. W ho ap po int ed Hi tle r as
the chancellor of Reichstag?
Ans. President Hindenburg
Q.14. Wh at techniques were ado
pted by Hitler to become popular
Ans. Red banners with the Swast among masses?
ika, the Nazi Salute, and the ritualis
speeches were all pa rt of spectacle of pow ed rounds of applause after the
er.

1 ''-----='·~U-llKE socio~. S el e~
....
Q.15. Name the steps taken by which Hitler, destroyed the fabrics of democracy in Germany.
Ans. The Fire Decree of 28 February 1933, Enabling Act of 3 March 1933 and creation of special
surveillance and security forces.
Q.16. What was hyperinflation 7
Ans. With too much printed money in circulation, the value of the German mark fell. As the value of the
mark collapsed, prices of goods soared. This crisis came to be known as hyperinflation, a situation
when prices rise phenomenally high.
Q.17. Under which slogan did Hitler integrate Austria and Germ~y 7
Ans. In 1938, Hitler integrated Austria and Germany under the slogid\ One People, One Empire and One
Leader.
Q.18. Name the countries, which signed Tripartite Pact.
Ans. In September 1940, Germany, Italy and Japan signed·Tripartite Pact.
Q.19. Why did Hitler attack Eastern Europe? What were its results 7
Ans. Hitler attacked Eastern Europe for obtaining food supplies and living space for Germans. It resulted
in the defeat of Hitler by the Soviet Red Army in the battle of Stalingrad in 1941.
Q.20. When and why did us join the Second World w~ 7
Ans. The US entered the Second World War after Japan bombed the US base at Pearl Harbor.
Q.21. Name the thinkers who influenced Hitler's Theory of racism.
Ans. Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer.
Q.22. How did Hitler justify the domination of Germany over the world?
Ans. The Nordic German Aryan race had to retain its purity, become stronger and dominate the world
and the weak ones had to perish.
Q.23. What was the theory of Lebensraum ?
Ans. It meant living space. Hitler believed that new territories had to be acquired for settlement of
Germans. This would enhance the area of the mother country. It would also enhance the material
resources and power of the Gennan nation.
Q.24. What was the main feature of Euthanasia Program ?
Ans. Many Germans who were considered mentally or physically unfit were condemned to death.
_Q.25. What was the Nazi cult of Motherhood? Mention one point.
Ans. Girls were told that they had to become good mothers and rear pure-blooded Aryan children. Girls
had to maintain the purity of the race, distance them from Jews, look after the home and teach their
children Nazi values.
Q.26. How did Nazis use media to create support for their regime?
Ans. Nazi ideas were spread through visual images, films, radio, posters, catchy slogans and leaflets.
In posters, groups identified as the 'enemies' of Germans were described as evil. Socialists and
liberals were attacked as malicious foreign agents. Jews were referred to as vermin, rats and pests.
Q.27. Name the most infamous film on the Jews.
Ans. The Eternal Jew. ,
Q.28. What was the Holocaust ? '
Ans. The Holocaust refers to Nazi killing operations, i.e., mass murder of Jews.
Q.29. What was genocidal war ?
Ans. Killing on large scale leading to destruction of large sections of people e.g., by gassing them in
various killing centers like Auschwitz.

,
[!azlsm and the Rise of Hltte_r~ / /B
 ,
'f,..
~
•
,,.G
.- I' ~. - •
• EE-BASED--QUESTION~
• -~---... ·- ;J,. _.~ ··-- - ----....:-..... ---- . . --.- - --
"--- __
Q.1. Read the source given below and answer the following questions :
The ~omic crisis created ~eep anxieties _and fears in people. The middle classes, ~specially
salaned ~ployees and pensioners, saw therr savings diminish when the currency lost its value.
Sm~ busmess~en, the self-employed and retailers suffered as their businesses got ruined. These
sections of sooety were filled with the fear of proletar·ani 1 ti Only organised workers could
~anag~ to keep their heads above water, but unem sa on. k d their bargaining power.
Big business was in crisis The lar p 1oyment wea ene . . ~--1
• d • ge mass of peasantry was affected by a sharp fall m agncul(\lJcu
pnces an women, unable to fill their children's stomachs were filled with a sense of deep despair.
(,) When did the economic crisi t k '
{11.;\, In which country did th s a e place?
•
•• ;\ Why did people d
(m, l
e economic eris·is ongmate?
· ·
Ans (1;\ The ec . eve op th e fear of proletarianisation ?
• ,, ononuc • •
(iz) Th . cns1s took place in 1929.
e economic crisis o . . .
(ii,) (a) Th . ngmated m USA.
eecononuccris· ·a11
salaried ern is created deep anxieties and fears in people. The middle classes, espect . y
value. ployees and pensioners, saw their savings diminish when the currency lost its ,

(b) Small busin · ed

Q.2. R essmen, the self-employed and retailers suffered as their businesses got nun •
• ead the source .
Hitl given below and answer the following questions :
er Was a p fu · d build
a str . ower 1 speaker. His passion and his words moved people. He promise to
pe ~ng nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty and restore the dignity of the German
op ~- He promised employment for those looking for work, and a secure future for the youfu. He
pronused
Hi to w eed out all foreign influences and resist all foreign ,conspiracies
· · ' agams
• t Germany•
tler devised a new style of politics. He understood the significance of rituals and spectacle in
m~ss mobilisation. Nazis held massive rallies and public meetings to demonstrate the support for
Hitler and instil a sense of unity among the people. The Red banners with the Swastika, the Nazi
salute, and the ritualised rounds of applause after the speeches were all part of this spectacle of
power.

(z) Why did Hitler become popular with the masses ?

(ii) Why did Hitler consider Treaty of Versailles as unjust?
(iiz) What were the main features of Hitler's style of politics?
Ans. (i) His oration skills, love for the country and Nazi salute made him pop_ular with the masses.
(ii) Germany had to pay heavy war penalty.
(iiz) (a) Hitler used to hold mass rallies which instilled sense of unity and support for Hitler.
(b) Ritualised rounds of applause and flags with Swastika signs were reminders of rising
power of Hitler.
Q.3. Read the source given below and answer the following questions :
Nazi ideology was synonymous with Hitler's worldview. According to this there was no equality
between people, but only a racial hierarchy. In this view blond, blue-eyed, Nordic German Aryans
were at the top, while Jews were located at the lowest rung. They came to be regarded as an anti-race,
the arch-enemies of the Aryans. All other coloured people were placed in between depending upon
their external features. Hitler's racism borrowed from thinkers like Charles Darwin and Herbert

l. U-LIKE Social Sclence-1xi

. J
 Spencer. Darwin was a natural scientist who tried to explain the aeatio
n of plants and animals
through the concept of evolution and natural selection. Herbert Spencer later
added the idea of
survival of the fittest. According to this idea, only those species survived on
earth that could adapt
themselves to changing climatic conditions. We should bear in mind that Darwin
never advocated
human intervention in what he thought was a purely natural process of selectio
n. However, his
ideas were used by racist thinkers and politicians to justify imperial rule over
conquered peoples.
The Nazi argument_was simple: the strongest race would survive and the weak
ones would perish.
The Aryan race was the finest. It had to retain its purity, become stronger and
dominate the world.
(1) Who were considered to be the descendants of Aryans 7
(i1) What was the order of social hierarchy?
(iii) How did Hitler use the theories of scientists to ensure rule by
the Aryans ?
Ans. (1) According to Nazi ideology, blond, blue-eyed, Nordic ~rman
Aryans were pure.
(ii) Germans, other coloured people and Jews.
(iii) (a) Darwin explained the creation of plants and animals throug
h the concept of evolution and
natural selection. Herbert Spencer later added the idea of survival of the fittest.
(b) According to Hitler the Aryan race was the finest. It had to retain its
purity, become
stronger and dominate the world.
Q.4. Read the source given below and answer the following questio
ns :
Meanwhile, the USA had resisted involvement in the war. It was unwilling
to once again face all
the economic problems that the First World War had caused. But it could not
stay out of the war
for long. Japan was expanding its power in the east. It had occupied French
Indo-China and was
planning attacks on US naval bases in the Pacific. When Japan extended its
support to Hitler and
bombed the US base at Pearl Harbor, the US entered the Second World War.
The war ended in May
1945 with Hitler's defe~t and the US dropping of the atom bomb on Hirosh
ima in Japan.
(i) Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
(ii) Why didn't USA get involved in the Second World War initially?
(iii) What were results of participation of USA in the Second World War?
Ans. (i) Japan wanted to become the supreme power in Asia.
(i1) It was unwilling to once again face all the economic problem
s that the First World War had
caused.
(iii) (a) It led to the victory of allied powers.
(b) It led to the complete destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

@HORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Answers to these questions sho11ld not exceed 60 words each.
Q.1. "The Treaty of Versailles was humiliating on the Germans." Give three
examples in support of
your answer.
Ans. The Treaty of Versailles was humiliating on the Germans as mentioned
below:
(i) Germany lost its overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, 13 per cent of its
territories, 75 per
cent of its iron and 26 per cent of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithua
nia.
(ii) The Allied powers demilitarised Germany to weaken its power.
(iii) Germany was forced to pay compensation amounting to£ six billion.
(iv) The Allied armies also occupied the resource-rich Rhineland for much of the 1920s.

Nazism and the Rise of HIHer ~ l sa ~

 ~---,.-,----

Q-2. with exam Warleftad

First World
-rite three I • . on European society and
eep ~mpnnt • polity." Support
i ,
the statement
Ans (i) p es. ,
• .' From a continent of creditors' Europe turned into one of debtors. J
,•
(u) Soldiers cam
became m e to be placed above civilians. Aggressive war propaganda and national honour
(ii,) Popularore popular. The media glorified trench life i ,
support grew t . • "
Q .3. Describe the main . or conservative dictatorships.
An s. (r) The Wall S features of th e G reat Depression in 1929-32 in U SA• d- ll
th . treet Exchange, located in USA crashed in 1929. people made frantic efforts to,.
hadshares.
(ir) It eir • • of the Great Economic Depression.
th f This. was the begmrung • ,
e ollowmg effects : ,
(a) Between 1929 and 1932, the national income of the USA fell by half.
(b) Fac_tories shut down, exports fell and farmers were badly hit and speculators withdreW
. th.ell' money from the market.
AQ.4 . Descnbe
(i) the e ffeels of the Great Economic depress;on of1929-32 on Gennany.
ns. .' By 1932, industrial production was reduced to 40 per cent of the 1929 level.
(u) Workers lost their jobs or were paid reduced wages. 6 inillion becaJI\e unemployed and thus
youth took to. criminal acti •ti· , •••
""i) Th
m es. anxieties and fear of proletanarosation.
( . e economic crisis createdV1deep _
(,v) The large mass of peasantry was affected by a sharp fall in agricultural prices, and womep
were unable to give food to their children- ' '
Q.S. Describe the ideology of racial hierarchy propounded by Hitler.
Ans. Refer to Textbook Exercises Number 3.
Q- 6 · LiS t the communities which were classified as undesirable in Nazi Germany.
Ans. The communities which were classified as undesirable in Nazi Germany were as given below :
(,) Jews.
(ii) Gypsies and blacks living in Germany were considered as racial inferiors who threatened the
biological purity of the 'Superior' Aryan race.
(ii,) Russians and Poles were considered subhuman, and hence undeserving of'any humanity.
When Germany occupied Poland and parts of Russia, captured civilians were forced to work
as slave labour. Many of them died simply through hard work and starvation.
Q.7. What were the main features of Economic Recovery Program as introduced by Hitler?-
Ans. (,) The responsibility of economic recovery was assigned by Hitler to the economist Hjabnar
Schacht. • •
(ii) He aimed at full production and full employment through a state-funded work-creation~
programme. The project produced the famous German superhighways and the people's car, :
the Volkswagen.
(iit) Schacht was removed as he cautioned Hitler against investing hugely in rearmament as ·the
state was on deficit financing. ,
Q.8. uusA initially resisted involvement in the Second World War but was unable to stayout of the
war for long." Support the statement.
Ans. (i) The USA ~d ~tered the First World War in 1917 but had faced economic problems thereafter.
Therefore, 1t did not want to join the Second World War.
(it) Jpapanifi had occupied French-Indo-China and was planning attacks on US naval bases in the
ac c.
(iii) Ultimately, ~apan ~mbed the US base at Pearl Harbor. Under these circumstances, the US had
no other option except to enter the war against Hitler and its allies.
 Q.9. Describe the role of youth organisations in the Nazi Germany.
Ans, The role of youth organisations in the Nazi Germany was as given below :
(1) Responsibility of youth organisations was to educate German youth in the 'Spirit of National
Socialism'. The Youth had to worship war, glorify aggression and violence, condemn democracy
and hate Jews, communists, Gypsies and all ~ose 'undesirables'.
(i,) Ten-years-olds had to enter Jungvolk. At 14 all boys had to join the Hitler Youth. At 18 they
had to join the Labour Service .
(iii) They also had to serve in the armed forces and enter one of the Nazi organisations.
Q.10. Describe the policy in Nazi Germany towards women who produced desirable children.
Ans. {t) The women who produced desirable children were given favoured treatment in the hospitals.
(it) They were entitled to concessions in shops and on theater tickets and railway fares.
(iu) To encourage women to produce many children, Honour Crosses were awarded. A bronze
cross was given for four children, silver for six and gold for eight or more.
(iv) At the same time all 'Aryan' women who did not follow the prescribed code of conduct were
publicly condemned, and severely punished.
Q.11. How did the common people react to Nazism?
Ans. There were different reactions to Nazism as given below :
(t) Many believed in Nazism. They saw the world through Nazi eyes, and spoke their mind in
Nazi language. They felt hatred when they saw some one like a Jew. They genuinely believed
Nazism would bring prosperity and improve general well-being.
(it) Many organised active resistance to Nazism, braving police repression and death.
(iii) The large majority of Germans, however, were passive onlookers and apathetic witnesses. They
were too scared to act, to differ, to protest. They preferred to look away. For example, Pastor
Niemoeller, a resistance fighter, observed an absence of protest, an uncanny silence, amongst
ordinary Germans in the face of brutal and organised crimes committed against people in the
Nazi empire.
Q.12. How did Hitler introduce Nazi ideology in schools?
Ans. (r) School textbooks were rewritten.
(ii) Racial science was introduced to justify Nazi ideas of race. Children were taught to be loyal
and submissive, hate Jews, and worship Hitler.
(iii) He gave importance to boxing in school as it could make children iron hearted, strong and
masculine.

Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 words :

Q.1. How did Hitler transform Germany into a totalitarian state ?

Ans. On 30 January 1933, President Hindenburg appointed Hitler as the Chancellor of Germany. He
took various measures to strengthen his own position.
(a) The Fire Decree of 28 February 1933 indefinitely suspended civic rights like freedom of speech,
press and assembly that had been guaranteed by the Weimar constitution.
(b) Then he wiped out all the opposition parties. All political parties and trade unions were banned
except for the Nazi Party and its affiliates. The members of the Communists Party were sent to
concentration camps.

Ii!!'!' and Jh Bti!lft?1/

-
 e
193 3, Ena blin g Ac t gav e Hit ler all pow ers to ru] e by dec ree . The stat
(c:) On 3 Ma rch , eslab
y, me dia , arm y and jud icia ry.
com ple te con tro l ove r the eco nom ord er SOclety
ty forc es we re cre ate d to con trol and
squ ads ), crim ina l pol ice and the ~~
cia l sur vei llan ce and sec uri _Ila
(d) Spe
sta te pol ice ), the SS (th e pro tec tion -~'"lll'il),
Ge sta po (se cre t
Ser vic e (SD).
e. Peo ple cou ld
e new ly cre ate d Na zi sta te wa s ilie mo st dre ade d crim ina l stat . cam ps, d no\V i._ "'
(e) Th sen t to con cen trat ion
• ed • Ge s nde d up and
d t am
e m tap o tor tur e cha mb ers , rou ~
l or arr est ed wit hou t any leg al pro ced ure s.
at wil
by Hit ler.
Q.2 . Dis cus s the act s of agg res sio n com mit ted
fro m Lea gue of Na tion s in 1933,.
An s. (a) He wit hdr ew Ge rm any any in 1938 llnd er
reo ccu pie d the Rh ine lan d in 193 6 and inte gra ted Au stri a and Ge rm the
(b) He
peo ple, On e emp ire, and On e lead er.
slo gan , On e slo vak ia.
pea kin g Sud ent enl and fro m Cze cho
(c) He the n too k aw ay Ge rma n-s World W
Ge rm any inv ade d Pol and lea din g to the out bre ak of Sec ond
(d) In Sep tem ber 193 9, ar
wit h Fra nce and Eng lan d.
Ital y and Jap an.
In Sep tem ber l94 0, a Tri par tite Pac t wa s sig ned bet we en Ge rma ny,
(e) infl icte d a cru shin g
atta cke d the Sov iet Un ion in Jun e 1941. The Sov iet Red Arm y ilJ\d
{/) He
on Ge rm any at Sta ling rad .
hum ilia ting def eat und er his rul e.
pol icy tow ard s the Pol ish peo ple
Q.3 . Exp lain fea tur es of Hil ler 's as mentioned
Hit ler' s pol icy tow ard s the pol ish peo ple und er his rul e we re
An s. Ma in fea tur es of
bel ow : Cap tur ed civilians
con sid ere d sub hum an and hen ce und ese rvi ng of any hum ani ty.
(1) Pol es we re
.
we re for ced to wo rk as sla ve lab our s ann exe d to Germany.
ied Pol and wa s div ide d up. Mu ch of nor th- we ste rn Pol and wa
(it) Oc cup her ded ~il<e catt le in the
es we re for ced to lea ve the ir hom es and pro per ties . Pol es we re
(iit) Pol
nm ent .
oth er par t cal led the Ge ner al Go ver entire
inte llig ent ia we re mu rde red in lar ge num ber s in ord er to kee p the
(iv) Me mb ers of the Pol ish
ser vile .
peo ple inte llec tua lly and spi ritu ally rs and
o loo ked like Ary ans we re for cib ly sna tch ed fro m the ir mo the
(v) Pol ish chi ldr en wh rma n families
e exp erts '. If the y pas sed the rac e test s the y we re rais ed in Ge
exa min ed by 'rac
age s wh ere mo st per ish ed_
and if not the y we re kep t in orp han d to eliminate
is of Hit ler' s hos tili ty tow ard s Jew s? Wh at pol icy wa s ado pte
Q.4 . Wh at wa s the bas
the m? con ver sio n was
wa s bas ed on pse udo scie ntif ic the ori es of rac e, wh ich hel d tha t
An s. (1) Hit ler 's hat red l elimination.
to 'the Jew ish pro ble m'. It cou ld be sol ved onl y thr oug h the ir tota
no sol uti on s, compelling
3 to 193 8, the Na zis terr oris ed, pau per ise d and seg reg ate d the Jew
(ir) Th us, fro m 193
the m to lea ve the cou ntry . were
t of Jew ish bus ine sse s, exp uls ion fro m gov ern me nt ser vic es etc.
(iir) Ste ps suc h as boy cot
tak en.
as and eve ntu ally killing
t pha se, 193 9-4 5 aim ed at con cen trat ing the m in cer tain are
(iv) Th e nex me n and wo me n were left
m in gas cha mb ers in Pol and . Un der ghe ttoi sat ion (19 40- 44) ,
the
ttos .
wit h not hin g to sur viv e in the ghe tto s fro m different
1 onw ard s,Je ws fro m Jew ish hou ses , con cen trat ion cam ps and ghe
(v) Fro m 194 s too k pla ce within
ope we re bro ugh t to dea th fac tori es by goo ds trai ns. Ma ss kill ing
p~r ts of E~
nun ute s wit h scie ntif ic pre cisi on.

cla-l sc 1e ·n ·
[ -- U-LIKE--~So--- ____ __.. ,
 Q.S. Describe the Nazi policy towards schools.
Ans, The policy towards schools under Nazism was as given below: .
(1) All schools were 'cleansed' and 'purified'.
(i,) Children were first segregated. Subsequently 'undesirable children' - Jews, the physically
handicapped, Gypsies-were thrown out of schools. And finally in the 19405, they were taken
to the gas chambers.
(ii,) 'Good German' children were subjected to a process of Nazi schooling which included the
following agenda :
(a) A prolonged period of ideological training.
(b) School textbooks were rewritten.
(c) Introduction of racial science.
(d) Stereotypes about Jews were popularised even through maths classes.
(e) Children were taught to be loyal and submissive, hate Jews, and worship Hitler.
(f) Sports was to nurture a spirit of violence and aggression among children.
(g) Hitler believed that boxing could make children iron hearted, strong and masculine.

MAP BASED QUESTION

Q. On the given political outline map of the world locate and label the following with appropriate
symbol~:
(A) Japan (B) Italy (C) Germany (D) France
(E) America.
Ans. The places have been shown in map given below :

WORLD
• -~

•• 'I

.......:...;az=ls.;.;.m;._a~n.;.;;,.d_t_he_Rl_se_o_f_H_ltl_er_ _7
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