Me 7 v Unit-L BASIC MOTIONS. ee NAR? Ss simple Harmonic motion: ov stm is definedasa_ motion inwwhichther.. . westoring force Is divectly proporti onal +0 dis plecernelst of bedy from its mean 23 position, me ee SHM is a peviedie motisn B considering a mass tohick is “fixed to & watt boy aspring and arxsume that Auayace wu priction Less. ; ; =X ' ' ™ Tar tee 8S Frietlonless F } | 4 ‘simple Hawmenic otion, t-a, —— i 2 [= PLT if Stretched an j jshoeon tH Figure stheve wort i beatension ovce within, ae I is zing > or called tied; {| fowce acts onit. |The orl imal pesition is calle cl equilibrium position. | Novo the object is displaced at distance 6%? from o7viginat posit: ts CPG at posit, yi! KT : |S FeeKkxu -O.., ee: [FromNTLaco | L509" ph piasrh j>-—-KXY=mMma => A= ~Kx | m [4s =O) SHM tells us thet acc is pooportion al to Aisplacement ace always acts Opp direction to dlisplacernent. so Be ee de Pic, bie? 25 anti. Fyonsider a tect etl: ¢ tex cn object on civeulare diskas shown beloce ->4 Q-1+ ~ [xe A ees CAMEO w= displacement = | Ase mplitude anf aAngulay frequency. 4+otime- 3 j cosine funetions ‘te as follows 360° ad wlhen t=0> obj starts wtih. max displacement: pisplacement poutt be Egat to an plitude .oS We KT ’ ve {ot ie at ASINCrnF. Sinz Ae TLE —@ no Ls Umax =-21FACY I Van = RFA —© [Svs -amFfA gin CAT FE Oo KI KT afl vr aaa mnynk SE ae i Ly ail? dt* sa~ ent)? A coslamfe) -@ na Sa= -anf)*x.|——_@ T Zimple hancache motion D> amax =(RTFA IA Si, igonsider ar object earch mass | lattatched to pring which ts |] connected to a Fixed walt. = yl ALK T pa-(se © mi ee wa ~Carf)taAcoslanFy) Ls a adarAex By comparing B&O => £ en F)* —@3 eo “9 att f= @wo r=+4 -l [eed 1 -@ 27 = an fm is) om Spinvg Lonse- =[Newton's Method. Dexlvation of diflerentiot egneen | | one 7 : _opeing Mass sysker Sn | S$ SA oneider a epring- Rass 7 syste? constrained. £0 Love 17 rectiline auong ae oF aes Sprit constant Ck? Fixéel ot} one end caves obj coith oe Henan sire? at ie pree eud: | a oe a mg mg ms wih The body is displaced from fés.||. Equilibri un position vertically downwards. ° S Aer manner[> mg=W=akSs |e S=statle deflection. Mass is dis placed From its leqatlibrium position ba dist tx? aftexrtime bP | => Rest Force = W- KCS420) = mE SWHKS-Kx Smitkx=o>—O ! a X= ae tace of ynass mm)... dt* | KIKT Ss x ~ Acasunt+ Bsinwnt —@ By Eq > mMX+KL=0 > X4K pyy=0 — Ee CO=0 —@ £q@® in é49 S soon (ACoswont +. Bsinwnt) + {K) GA costont+Gsinvent)=0,. | (6 cos vont +Bsinwnt) =O,Since Acos wnt + BSin wat or Frequency of vibration WA => in= — a i> $node Bae ——_@© Eq,@ can also be obtained from tp? Dlember es principle . that "resultant Force | on a bed aton other ertia force is Ree katie & quill lot, States actin cotth ™ loody coll bein s i: ' Snerticl Force acting on kody iK represented a5 . =o Fom.F a me mass of body \ fe linear aceas ‘Aseurne that yesuttank foo on booly is Cm Hee S | actin U be in Atatle Gautlibyy)| mae body wt bout = F+R=0—@®: ‘In ertia force and ace. force, cm -F) Ave equal in rea tude but opp in direction. Tnertiato Force acti mq The epring fowce K.x will be : lacting in puoarct Aivectin. The acc oF down wae The acc force '3 actin eowaial 20 inentia force wll b& acting upoana Aire ction. ees Bod fatn static equilibrium F under these two pores. ‘ | athematt cally ; = MA+kKL=o0.. ace fe externat on bodg- o bodg ¥ acts inthe Y tivection. © | sol ts ANT | =s X=Acosuont+ Bemwnt —@&,VES 3 ® constants’ 858 can be ~ steyvmined. by considering Jacement * ts Lo Oo & velbw att=o- : By ee conditions > X= To= AcosoT psind Sres —O ies and —Asinwet {Bion CSE -tet™-07 58 Hn. coso ew —@_ Ste } ao 6 displacement can be. Ti CHRD => wEzeces coat #2 twat Gps @ aaceme BF gr tena rnelLut tems =S2= Ceasbcosoont ot Csinpsiount . = ccs Cwnt ros... ~ ecestwent-s) —@- | T eq, ( 2q (@ a can. 1. be, Lone as (aft dingy | 7 = ere —Xo wp Sin wnt + CS ‘ | [> XL axs sin wnt + Ne costings i] wa wn Sy — ey =csing —tand :. © x 6 cosh = b= cass'(2) one) . = “orad bed Re B24 er Ccderpesiory) =. e=fetta® trp" |= = =|(P2\t ame ® Eq ,© TH £4: Ss areas 08 Conte ta Stenit lauty exp Fors cen ne be obtalrieed- 2 = tact\ ~ \V | By OuFt éq@ foe Enexay, Method, —— Lp nna | The & uation ee a be de-wi ved assumi can also +o be conserva ve, +he SS ee RO tn consesvattve aystenn sthe +otal sum of Enewgy ‘ie Const ntory system, the ; tn vib potential energy ig pactly land partly Kinetic. / The KE CT is bey of Vel oF mass ana PEV is stor : in spring (ec Bef its Etaste * cleform ation - : ; wt Acc tO Cconsv taw of énergq => T+v.=const DG NT sy > dot -O) at : KE and PE ane given bY waa => Ta © = vetKxu? —O= ue oe | > mE +kix <0 —o |> mi+kE=O —é aA => Regleighs methen "ermetiatedt a It ig assumed that the. max kE at mean pasition q uct to max PE atthe | lexoreme position: The motion ts assumed to bel Simple harmonic, then > X=A sintont —@ oe Abs Placement of bo8 | Feo ™mear position ooe Lime Ce, . A= max Aleplacement trom Mean pes +2 eacrerncipene. By ane €4@ => LawHAcos wrt —©. Max vel abrnean pos Ss gown —O\ co max KE atEmMeat pos =lm2> Zz =i mwa aac 2 at extreme pe =tea® y £4Q@ = 4 : = Uea~ > bmwaat ben Max PE\]V\nv | [Vibe liens Ito move im Opp divection Single Peqree OF F cedom§ Single Degree Qk Creceeokasking Vibyation is a continuous cyclic motien of a Struc ture, ox a component. when bodg particles ave displaced by the application ot external force the tnternat lrorces In the form of elastte enevay are present tm the beady» These forces try to bring the beady to its enaig Ie palition 3 At Equilibri um pesition the entire el artic Energy ig converted tnto KE and body continues gthe process vepeats. ‘Any motion which repeats ttselt atter an interval of time is called vibration - | Ex simple pendulum,> lhe oseil ve vibration is cu mechantcol phen? whereby oscil at equ Uibyium pont. | lations may be periodic euch a4 penal LLIN oe random verient of tire on menen TONS OCEUT about an i causes of Vigsecen: vibration CAL ne er move fa tven time- mn be caused . ctovs at spot in rotating, 3 ent voill cause A heavg hen unbol anced © compon can be cat sed by man ucfacturing defects: n theltean. lor voll beaAtlnGSs, belts ete might Cause vibration. SUrVFacs V lovgibiomic raftoo.,.. a Misa of Live: Misatt nment occurs then axes OF motor: And (pemp: Ane be parattel. components such: as ball ‘ Dry friction bteo ‘too Priotiae,; this produces SrA évt ated Earthquake.ete car, cause’ VCR EE OS ex Se slit External agerttions; whe: p Vibration can vesule when : machine veer Ane ot TF ‘I NS BAThere Ares types pree vibration 5 Forced vibration :: pam ped vi pration. {east Free vibration.” Free vibration occurs When” a mechanical systerr is*set’ im motion with an Inttiadti sc tnpat and allowed tO Vibrate Freelq- Ex Pulling a chilol back en swing and letting ft go: Witting atuning fork and tet ting Te ving: tn free vibratior there is no external force. =n a vibration Energy Isemain the same amdenerg} fs not added erremoved | Leyom the body: pra ng at The bed y Keeps vibratt FJ the same amplitude. willem. connected +0. aspring ' SSS Le Free damped Yibracens, tn the studq of vi . Khe process of Eners dissipatt op Is genera dissipa prdas damping. ibration 343 consides an object of pass and dampen ¢ as shown belo: hay cee pue +P, the stables deflection fa: seed fEBD of above Fig & SA kisrO © | POL tres v 1 L> fnew (By Newton's taw Ss mk+ keStxytck=mg 2 Ls mk 4ck + KS+KX a plokack kx =e] — overnin ; é uation of vi euakerd systene { || | | j | 4 | \ Ea is free dam ped = %+(S) 246) Jeo 8. . rca llovttte: £4 @ ik is diff Eqn tor of damped 4PTINT? Th we assume sol ie fra the. beto co Form x =es* => s*+(E\s+ =o —@& mm mt Eg® has root > sioet ee +[6)~ |wR Canes poet coett ala => ce abe =o a mm = ak (y+ Beet. 2 gee): —O. The Ratio btew “damping, coupes . critical chaning, ceefh ls.Sir =aerar) + [32 FY) —— ay @ has 3 conditions. 1. over davnped = & > 1. J 2. Critically darnped eal; 2. Under clarnped Birds lover damped ed CA>- ine Roots are real. S soo = C3 £FION =o) since, JB 28 3 tA 2))ww' Cartlatiwest c3 pay +e | Ce) = qe The motion will be non lOscittadking tant ———written as xc) = Cateye pee 19) % The Sol tS Sia © C224 f=1) | Sint ZS -EW Svoor =o) hae x=(arecoye extticat damping C45) Displacement, Eq, may be e .het WLLOE CFLS i & & + 4 Pc - & ve r i 4 i - = 4 o. LOE CSP” Spe = O42 TED a1 1 GOO | ae vid = VOI—~axy = ordinary aire eq. => || Pree Undamped v ioe! dione oo Oe NN NNN US consicler Ob, cotth Cow cCeoba, Poimt mass WW Connected Ooi limear spmng SCI : FCO). CA a Equation Of motion wilt be so FCO=6 fro. free’ Vibsation > metkx =o] —@. _ mt is tineaksand order:| Then 4er ee. By eq® ss x+[S)i=o =©® > K oo oe TO > E+ wixe=o. E07 Assume: that: scl for eqg® ts > x=e*—© By putting OO = Ft wre™*=O —®) : mt ]@ > ?4Wr=0 => [ v Sol For this 1s = =Tiw, aed sol ts. oe > x= ae” me Cake we @ i> x Dress) coswnt + i _@ Cet caysin wont| | ——— | J>sxCt) _ = &Xo t=0 Oe | j> XCb i, = aXe oo ee] This fs Free vibration raed | ES POMSE . I & @ can be Dorittehias aq = xcth= ACosCiont— o) —o wohere5 : BY Uae SEN rah Be ae fe pa tte 1 Meretfore > x> Bese sc See 7Thesefore > A SDOFS under tnittal Cond poitbout amnyjexterral force is gon" to vibrate asa qmnusol dal with stimme. mee a. = aT _A9 =4— = osced Wieeentlons. is fd bog | || la time varging “ica ic loads displa cemment,ve] Oran {e jis applied to amechari cals a system. ! Forced vibration ts Wher jan altermating force or [motion is appli dtoa Amechanical system. \Forced vibration is atype op | Vibration in whichfore ts _ | rrepeatedly applied to a mechanical system. The vibrations of a bedy which take place urndex the. i Inftucoce of extemal periodic - |Howce iacting on ie oF guitorr to execute oes vibrations.Feorced Damped vibrations. Fes osinwt | mm | External Aid force. nae xe CX TOR ECRE KX = Xosinusty] —O petenten integra: of £40 is | Xo ein -o) -© ) which: disp | anae toxough i: eee tags the Forse ep = woxesin(we- +L) © Sipe o> Xe sts coer br) => *Pp=QO meqQd > —mev Xo sincwt- T+ | cepxe stn Got OE + de xs ef CWE -P)— Kosimutag we ©) éq @ cS 2 tas. (Sc - 2. KEM Ep bs xe = a| eroro |} Fe static deflection=Xst K LD | a= aon There fOre> = Xst Gers = @E3)? = ae = xsrsinuot-e)_@ ae eq © is Swe For eq@ Ko t a i; yore oe aw - pas & ee ae i eevo FEY UE Fad ot SERRATE— > Forced undernpec jcm? > Seng Stiff Comst CK and displacement ofmass | s X-ond systenn is excited by an external force F. PEf(t) = Esinwot) —@ FE xc) = Xsincwot) —B) Eq @ and ® in@ => oro xsin cet) + KX sinust) —Fsinicwt). ~B considey SpoFs with Tass Foxced una ye ek Se ee I|jf CUBE a y- UW = USK t y | | | a Cage B- US = GIN oe Sofa % - Tk oes & os? Oypares Yigretions nthe Emergy Of a 7 syste mm ie qa ty ei po. ted aa ction & pons ces ee ee coud i b= dor pa i jad fr ations are todica Ylercations cota. with phirnirishi 72g. tude ir the presence = yeniculae suspension i darn per ned ee eal obsotbee™ Clericce aPs Ge = Ves OF Brmapre AQAA RR SRSA SA 7g fm mechani cat stems Include TY fluid flow avound a piston Ina cylin dew. ‘ B. Flaial Flow through an orifice.pearing. vis cous dewmnping is caused 44 such ot léssesas pceut im Nae lubsicatier } pacts or inFfletd: porced through a small opening By piston as ta. Cieornbind 6 shock abspibers.a 7 &.| Coulorob deroping: >| Coulomb daroping is se lof constant mBiethinwtaa damping 1, upnicir sy an ke fs absorbed vila Sting Friction. . 1. ; —> Coulomb danoping, is 2 coming darmpin mmechaiern thet: occuts 1 machinery. r Colouyvnb dam ing occurs | due +o dry Fri ction uhen | Lipo Surfaces Slide against lone conother. > FRICTION |cocoums DpSteuct ural deroptng : ehucteal dawmping fsa wticular COMI) GY <1 for hous the Ro Soltd- material sre Tt ~Alexes depends on re QGQuercey YY : 3 sS. arructureal damping ives MOTE Aaampinng ey 9 $¥eG eenctes eo Vviscos Thie is aue to. ‘heaketal ne iJ woithin the material teeth | tSf tLe Slip 2s (oterfacial dexpiny — Microscopic: Sli p,cccur in Imterfaces of aching a elerme nts comtact onder iriuctaatng loads. the amount of damping Idepends apo® rnakermal q combination pilpesesecetens | sinpiitags; of wireeitica > Energy of vibration ts, . iget ared by rorepsteptc slip ow aoterfaces of mackie GS aD. contact umder lequct uatrng loads: and=n * Wate ee Approximate Met hed mands: Rayleigh Methed, This tg the energy methed ty Find -the frequency. This methed is used to Find the requert when transverse point toads ave acting onthe beam or shaft. Good estimate of fundamental Prequemncy can be made b assuming the suftable deflection curve tow the leuncdamental mode. The max k.E is equated to max RE of System to delcming ithe naturat Frequency. )ket Us consider ashatl AB ot negligible eoetabht eg chown in tty . U int loads A, h, hk > fa, Bf Geve rol Pe are actin ot Mio Yaa. Ya.. be the maxinurn tiers under the f pofnt loads. -traneversly. deflec @nfluence © iH 3 a maximum potential Energy of the system can be writtenas SPeat o Pivit Pao. +LPay3 tL ny O Ly pPe=b2PyThe max KE of the. ey sheng PS can be ert ten as SKE EL CH % LAE a hy =e «J UrY4s\4 a AG Ra “LE Ps ae de VP, : 2y ee 2 Pa ww) > KE = wr 5 Pp coe ® 2g fe whewe 5 co= naterrel] Frequency ‘ Equating max K.E tomax RE 0 =@ =e ol we os od aq ze 5 w+/gz_@ aie The above Ba, Con Fe be oa 7 more enerallaer ic cues ypinele ng the distrubu a of penis.te the nae? opthe pean Per i , one man P.E of pn i cuit [ert th & ‘a aesurred deflection b ve cu be aw of a ‘a ex pressed IG re- [ode — @ mere? 1 Me pending moment (| de= chon orld Eialeo over dx. aretance From beam Prec 5 WKY P25 >» Lidé q d2y de _ dey de Stas am a ki vadtuss - EL 16 vigil > ee eS Jan ae) an mreFrom éq,@ ond © n® peers | net Yr_@ Mme max K. r cae be nee as é ima P= L mei ~@) < Fquatirig max: Kapto max PE, > from gly dy > some ferenyan eI oT fred Yb . 3 Le > w= EL I asx * eS [s*4% — vsEL iyiolters met ~NTN Vethod, iets is the trial and Oy vor ihed used torfind thre Haat camel Frege ney label yode shape eft mutttmass Bye Ie Pe in| This can be a pplied yo both ipars methed cay be esed for “the analy cis of clamped y launder ped» semidetinite lester wotth tired Enals having limeay andangalar mot ers . A trial frequency of the | system is assured. 7} A col ig found when the trial frequency Batlaptes the constraints of the wey ster - oa saa sini nec \ ee 4 pas ame tes System, free and forced vibretions .oT => Let ky (61-2)=0 =o ' — 6) P 1aBar ki(B2-OD#Ka tO Beg “> haO3t Ky (03-02) + kz (03~4)=0 SS Ly 0y +K3 (84-83) <6 —@ The motions ave harmonie, art. principal mode of vilovation. Assume O1=;.sfavot &, Pasi in eloove ex et, > wT, $= ki ~b2) ©:wtads = K2Lbs-h2) +ks bg -bs) uozreey = Ka chy - 3) —@ eumMming » Co E> >) wrt: =o —_@ {el \ Oy por cet oFn Ae n Se = (8) qal | the aloove PeIs explatned pat gum of thie tnertta ques ki0b)-¢ 2) K2Cb s~Pretd 21 eH? purd assumedF ™ a - a ma - Roce duce : ~\ LJ Assume atrial Freq eng | - : | |) Take dp) as Unt ty . ‘ ‘| Calerutate orem =© | Jo dena zm I] er: Q = 2=—92~ ORCL 1 La chy | a Sa [Per 2" Bd tebe gay : K3 The volte Odeo aa ’ Ste a mctat "4@ | ’ d uholk. process Sepa poste the tabole. Lb rg sr Srp ee | Ai Gi Tdjoe do Pe Tadpw> yer My SAN Ls 03 33d,07 kaLea Aer avel Elements 2f Pere Flasticy Alivycraft are prone to acroelastic effects because ey need +o be Lahtwei gist nad usithstand large Aircraft ave desig ned tro problems. ‘Divergence Tt is where the aerodynamic forces increase the angle ot attack further inereorses the force. Contyo| Reversal- Tt is where the control actt vation produces am oppesi _ moment that weductarcm exbume C45 5 weverses he, corre! Effe CAIVENe - odlynamic loads. a the following elastic of Wirtg which te aerodynomev\ a c + ie Qa 4 Pca uncontatned cotton thot Cow leool he. deetruction of an 0 arecv ore putter at fs abig jp frequency enetabilil ||. oct waves . | uke sw Dyfs a static Divergence acroeiastie otfect that anvolves the eateraction ot aerodynamic an Win torsional ellvergence athe most cow mon di vergent® that occurs when the locet angle ot the wing increares +0 the poine voles lhe strucburat fot luves OCCUTS. —>|| This happens when the Lifting \forces on wir Snaluces a torsional moment shot tuists the wing about its clastic axis. This twist vregults fn antot an locak an le of attack of wg: This in turn produces more Dike, voliich tn turn Induces Fusther tur t- _| elastic toves,[nerve (eey \e of continue to 7,04 : joe s Once a forces,| eal a poruck upaltele eS | wrt the dit y the divergna Oe oa ef? mine oment due toan oo t tn teolet angle ener is an wlaatie rres bovin i ern Ww a ee eae pvergen cpee4 is primonil inprected! by the couplins bho the porsio 4 benaling Hegre of Preeclom™ - i | re? owept back wurgs are | less susp ectibie +o divergne of . ot precise! ~ mM dprodynamic | | | \ | | | fo forward swept wourgs1 A we nravnale iP MAN BAA bt OG cat dsbhee - flutker can Le | 1 le © CN atrcvad ywhnen me eee 0 ee glen Aur 14 | | | acbually MOKY are ® yenom Cnn. flutter fc ies toted prentias How OM Lng, of Ae grees Bi eee Flutter LOM piss brreakuseys & md mews ot Hows. 4 Pincipat factors attecth 4 flutter ATE wihg torsion loti ft Press pepe pr OUIEep - |Flutter Speed ts % by NN sweep ane the aspect watio of oO caer gir lingher torsional stiffness eoill also weduce flutter | speeds. Inthe past» Flutter has been han dllecl » by adjusting - the mass cistrubution 40 the, voting to D stiffness or change she noctural “Prequency ot wing Cryructure. | * Bis ever, ™ the stiffness of ic, wuacealiy alll ses ULts inimars 1 pwohichs — menus: a,Cormprts © tHE) etuttey expeed & peviorm ano. . Howileroo Control woversal: OC ee Oe Ir Contro| reversal te an adverse, bi Ut, 0 effect on the controlla of the aoincr att. WWileron veversal fe when the control curtaces an ahverse etfect loti by ot weach on the Control the atrevatet - Begond a critical speed, colled reversal apecc, oun unex eck wESPonse or +e aircratt appears voith contro! gurtaces Aettection. A no of aircraft, when Flap near thers maximum Lol aoe Subjected to an lm portart aerdelastic phenomenen - No veot structure ws ideally wig ta, ancl it har Statte onal A namic lexi bi ey:pl Td ae te ln 4 j ot eric aed paluen the ne OPP & kt ig tev u Causes the ex" ‘Lrable’ o be able to Co, eFs geometry ee aity > ecpecially tn a +t oe ew "4a Hight operations oy pormerna > whith As ag, aileron we P rea ag atively ne p euxtace i“ of Co ered by tert defonciny coutre! Input produc Etmrencedt motion ao pov bret.i “| Fox exannples a banking ah atsc1raft displaces one. allexov up to weduce GFE Hin the wings and other | Idow'n to 7 LIFE: | [tre down cileron produces: a twisting Moment ion the. eoing that reduces the local BOR efor as the, up aileron & the tocol POR of firs wlyg: —|These twisting moments are, 5) propottiondl tO square of ohare att speed puohile the etastic westo ving torques ‘ seman Constant: Once the contro! weversoal Speed ts neached othe isting moment will shee etn the wing fn duced lo atlerory leflection, L caving the an att unable to vou. | At faster speeds, the effects ot atleron aisplacement | voll be weversecl, lect TOCEEIRERS Tose ygeemnnnet aoeWer * ° Collars Triangle of forces. The three components in collars triangle of forces Le Aerodynamic forces 2: Elastic forces 3-Inertel forces - on a Flexible ving They ack that are oletexsmined » wbosed.on tuteg optical meos ure ments of etructural ound azrodynamic response to steady aud unuteady periodic nottions. Dynamic Aero Llas taty cur? CF Structural ! Pynrannces y — ree~ aa Aasvietty Phenoroena | Lo ig the stadg ot the f pe é (evi or wecebean panic fortes anol 2 Upces and elostte ne pret a \ |g" e7? pore and arvo omic la for ces 2lostic ce trol Laws: ee : LF? ott pepe Aco) ie, aq Bolas TES) dyram ic ge se eeu t es aon “J S Pe-roelos Fei ty ne | erode ae seebanvictty hero ela sbicity boo ente Canto] Platter Bubely as bayigen- bl : | 2 Figen value pos blemes | consider a below sprin mass system as shown In Figure. Kt } my HI ay kr teas Kk | t | eer as . The Equation ot motion ines voritten ar 21 + Cert Kats ~kot3=0 © => Matar Kray tCkyit K2)12-Kal3=0 > m3%3-Kg rat ksx3-0 GJn matte roc os eee meoetie ns Can lee vorilten cs => mye J 4 Ce] CR So +A) prertet PLY eo (id wrth mt SS AEM ce Jel IM eke > frpcxiteam =o © | yohe vn } een” | regent] © +4 War o unit Wiakrix dynawric mathix. lek us acs ume the aol of form | = Le Asinwt | => = -w7A emt _© | ae A stnwt |} w2e as Céwe° value) . Since» WE are considering three degrees ol Freedorn System >¢o there will be Hrree values of 42%) ' ' Ilbyce there woill be three eigen values tor +hree degree of freeclom agstem.bie Fy © cap be Urritten as > -w7CTI PAD +0c) CAJ=0-4) Wore > : f Colourbe A hos 2vea lues which are KNnouIn eg en veckors. Tn geneccol ,we can sa that wee of Foreedoro systrny has 17 eigen values which cove eas and Corres ponding \ eigen vectors - mory a m deg Tn. the cdoove expression ww fe Known ox noturet Freq urn ' a Eq® can be vowitten area => w*(1IcAl = CcI0A) i (t1cA1 =I => >.LL]-COU EA] =o ® (he gol of above eq is obtained by putting S45 detexrmmant Equal to ero: / P12 e[ Sood -@) ‘(his eq gives the Solace ae ural Freouenctes. pnee we BOO the values of natured fre yuenctes , the moce shapes ow Sern vectors pee oe ner ES ented with Eg, @ aa e natHamilton's prio paIE ERS spe Och ple. Hamilton's principle fe a eneralization of the principle of virtual displacements to dynamics of systeros oF astictes yriaid bodies or detormable sUds- the appli cation of this prind ple leads drvectly +to-the or motion fer Both die crete and continuous systems: u Consider amass tm? whichis acted upon b aforce F causing a displacement UL: Fre presents The stun of alt appiet Forces for both conservative and | pon-conservatt ve ,bd Alembert's principle Rte the eq, of iubaum of phere? Su- virtual alte placerment ic, yariattion of path forany fixed time ‘tt’. => esu='s = work dere bysyskn Dndterm iw eqD Con be waitten as ae hg 2 Lae ee => ee Su) fn Bugice sends Is, tnd tage = m[sucei) +a Fas) > md caéu) =m su time | OTE : ae S musuamd cu su amuku de } (3) ’Ee 88 > masa = md Ca su) — ma Su a ls mau aie Pcasy) — Stemi 2) | ‘ [sre i ra Sa : 2 2 iss ata Cemasa] | a 2. aay > ma MAE ED 7 oasu) Say, : eo where TS mu * ~epresents K-E ? —@ Using eqns @ ond @ 5 £q@® Conbe vworitten as Shin md, Cu Sud 8T =0 >. sass mgeits O. rf position of mass nis Known at +000 fostants of time trand ta, thentts motion duving the trternvat ot time: com be “represented AA Curve Strown in below gig - a=He " S Dikplacenrent } 5 w a 5 guso at t=tiand tatr LL det Vie pE ot system atpos 1. V2= — p.& ‘of system at pos 2 Multiply a @® by dt a abe ont tuo br Os > Tesrcemare| de (uisaydt co) ; ae Sane), — oO £2 => fest asmdteo —@ “EA“HY. mI Seperatin tthe -forces Into Conservative and nen -consenatuel > oW= SWet dine &B WWlork done by conservative force is equot to — the change in PxE => SWe ~CVa-vi) > SietSvoit eH i@. 2q @ and Bin ® tz | a yo => [St-5v4SWnddt =o ah J 1 4 a iis Cea 5) : i, S berber > Jescry ténne) dt-o _@. Ha a Was T-V=k Chay van quan fanction)., Hence, £ i st - } = fGr+siinjar —o —© tal eq @ Is general form of Hamilton's principle - : For Conservative princi ple SWne =O be | ua eo)Hamilton's principle for-the conser . ae the Motion of particle acted on ; pro too arbitary Gime. trand tr tS Such ative Systern States conservative forces ims tants the Une tntegral over 4 wangian function tremum for theMes UNgGels, LANAHENS. The eqerations of motions ot a vibrating system AVE \\} | yittenin terms of ) genemlised coordinates by y [ratctn use oF hagranges equatian. oe ¥ Generalised coordinates are independent arameters |) vohich speci the system completel¢ 7 no Energ expressions are available »the eq of motions can be obtained with the help of hagwangers &, TKe general form of this & Ln terms of enevablt zed coordi nates is voritten os ?Hs)-2 Vv oe By) ag “aq “Mo T= total K.E of System Ve tle PAE W J=b2B-.-.-N Q= Generalized external force.rot & Cok : por youised tevce Qf acting ee eter ts REorO 5 le? ,.0 con be. aR Vey "ay aE oy ary —@ OFS example rf KE & PE OF 8 a en as Lk ue kati? ©) ls eq, can be used [ee gain the 64 Cai to on above two eqns ° & aT \ emi => at (Bz) dT =0 ex! es BM 2k boca“) Bu list eq of motion @n be umittegl Hkp(t2-4) =9 welt ve system SS mgt KouFor rapes eq =e )- mo%o dt Laks => oT =0 Ov = Sr ka cat) 2nd &q of motion Can be Loritten’ os : SM 2X ty VU) iso | , | | |