Advanced Combustion

— Chapter 1. Introduction

Fei Qi（齐飞）, Xi Xia（夏溪）

 Self-intro
 About Qi Fei (combustion diagnostics and kinetic modeling)
 1987 - 1991, Anhui Normal University, B. S.
 1991 - 1997, University of Science and Technology of China, Ph. D
 1997 - 1998, University of Science and Technology of China, Asst./Asso. Prof.
 1998 - 2001, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA, Post-doctor
 2001 - 2003, Sandia National Laboratories, USA, Post-doctor
 2003 - 2014, University of Science and Technology of China, Professor
 2015 - now, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Professor
 About Xi Xia (flame dynamics and combustion instability)
 2004 - 2008, University of Science and Technology of China, B. S.
 2008 - 2011, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA, M. S.
 2011 - 2016, University of Florida, USA, Ph. D
 2016 - 2018, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Post-doctor
 2019 - now, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Asso. Prof.
 About you (name, institute, supervisor, research direction)
Targets of the Course
 Understand fundamental knowledge of combustion
 Understand basic combustion theory
 Be familiar with the experimental methods associated with
canonical combustion apparatuses
 Be familiar with the state-of-the-art combustion research
methods
 Get to know the current or potential use of different methods
or tools in your own research
 Attempt to apply what you have learned in this course to your
own research
Contents of the Course

Chapters Teacher hours

Introduction
Combustion Thermodynamics Qi Fei 12
Reaction kinetics and Pollutants
Conservation Equations for Reacting Flows 6
Laminar Premixed Flame and Detonations 9
Laminar Non-premixed Flame Xi Xia 6
Droplet Evaporation and Combustion 6
Flame Dynamics and Combustion Instability 6
Discussion and Progress report 3
Working Group
Group Name

杨溢凡 廉天佑 童俊
1
Yang, Yifan Lian, Tianyou Tong, Jun

戴锦铖 王震 诸麟榆
2
Dai, Jincheng Wang, Zhen Zhu, Linyu

任勇智 石小祥 张宸
3
Ren, Yongzhi Shi, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Chen

王丹 卫思霁 邹豪
4
Wang, Dan Wei, Siji Zou, Hao

匡逊 白严 易帆
5
Kuang, Xun Bai, Yan Yi, Fan
Homework, Exam and Scores
The final scores are weighted basing on your homework, presentation
and the final report.

1. A homework will be assigned after every week's course.

2. Then the each working group works together to discuss and gives
a solution.
3. One delegate of the each working group will present the
homework (8-10 mins PPT + 5 mins Q&A) in the next course. All
students rotate to make the presentation.
成绩：根据平时上课的PPT汇报以及最后的总结汇报

作业：每次课程之后会布置课后作业，小组成员一起讨论合作完成；下次上
课时每组选出一位代表，用PPT汇报该小组的作业；汇报时间8-10分
钟，讨论5分钟；所有学生都需要汇报。
References

 Stephen R. Turns, An Introduction to Combustion: Concepts and Applications,

The 3rd Edition (2011)
 Yao Qiang et al. (姚强等人)，燃烧学导论：概念与应用，第三版
 J. Warnatz, U. Mass, R. W. Dibble, Combustion. The 4th Edition (2006)
 References

 Chung K. Law, Combustion Physics

 Paul Clavin and Geoff Searby, Combustion Waves and Fronts in Flows: Flames,
Shocks, Detonations, Ablation Fronts and Explosion of Stars
Outline of Chapter 1

 Combustion with human being

 Motivation to study combustion

 The history of combustion science and technology

 Definition of combustion

 Combustion research methods

 Introduction of Combustion Institute (CI) and publications

Amazing Fires
Combustion and Civilization

 The control of fire by early humans was a turning point in the cultural
aspect of human evolution.
 Fire provided a source of warmth, protection, and a method for
cooking food.
Combustion and Civilization

Combustion influences the progress of human civilization

Pottery Age (B.C. 6000) Bronze Age (B.C. 3000) Iron Age (B.C. 1510)

Furnace Temperature Furnace Temperature Furnace Temperature

800-1050 ℃ >1080 ℃ 1500-2000 ℃
陶器时期 青铜器时期 铁器时期
Combustion and Civilization
Fire used in ancient war and affected the progress of history

Fire Bulls, Warring States Period Battle of Chibi

火牛阵-战国 赤壁之战-三国

Battle of Yiling (夷陵之战-三国) Battle of Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖水战-明)

Combustion in Daily Life
Combustion in Industry

Steel Plant Power Plant

Cement Plant Glass Plant

Combustion in Mobility
Combustion in Fire Disaster
Combustion in Environment and Climate
Outline of Chapter 1

 Combustion with human being

 Motivation to study combustion
 The history of combustion science and technology
 Definition of combustion
 Combustion research methods
 Introduction of CI and publications
Combustion, Energy and Fuel
World energy consumption (quad. Btu)

 Combustion provides >85% of global primary energy consumption.

 This key role will be maintained in the foreseeable future.
Combustion, Energy and Fuel
World energy by fuel type

 Most of energy sources comes from fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and
natural gas.
 Renewable energy has been growing rapidly.
Combustion, Energy and Fuel
Status of world energy consumption
 Combustion, Energy and Fuel

 Natural gas is a naturally occurring

hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting
primarily of methane, commonly
including varying amounts of other
higher alkanes, and sometimes a
small percentage of carbon dioxide,
nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or
helium.
Combustion, Energy and Fuel

 Hydrogen can be considered as a

clean energy carrier similar to
electricity, but it is not a primary
energy source.
 Hydrogen can be produced from
various resources such as
renewable energy and nuclear
energy.
 In the long-term, hydrogen will
simultaneously reduce the
emission of greenhouse gases &
other pollutants.
Combustion, Energy and Fuel

 Hydrogen fuel can provide motive power for liquid-propellant rockets,

cars, boats and airplanes, portable fuel cell or stationary fuel cell.
Combustion, Energy and Fuel
 Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in
geological formations beneath the Earth's surface, It consists of
hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic
compounds.
Combustion, Energy and Fuel
 Refining of petroleum produces more useful products such as
petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil,
kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas.
 Combustion, Energy and Fuel
 Coal is one of the world's most
important and abundant energy
sources.
 Coal consists of thousands of organic
compounds that are mainly hydroxyl-
and alkyl- substituted aromatic and
heteroaromatic rings.
Combustion, Energy and Fuel

Utilization of Coal

steam engine daily life

boiler
electricity generation metallurgy
Combustion, Energy and Fuel
Biofuel is a fuel that is produced
through contemporary biological
processes, such as agriculture
and anaerobic (无氧的) digestion,
rather than a fuel produced by
geological processes such as
those involved in the formation
of fossil fuels, such as coal and
petroleum, from prehistoric
biological matter. Biofuels can be
derived directly from plants, or
indirectly from agricultural,
commercial, domestic, and/or
industrial wastes.
Combustion, Energy and Fuel
Energetic Fuels
 Three types of energetic fuels

Strained molecules Metallized propellants Nanoparticles

 High energy density and burning rate

 New concepts in propellant formulation
Combustion and Power
IC engine Gas turbine Aircraft engine Scramjet engine Rocket engine

Emissions Compression Ratio Thrust-Weight Ratio Mach Number Actual Load

EU VI 24-30 10-13 7-10 100-130 ton
China 5 <15 6-8 5-6 8-10 ton
Clean High density High temperature Supersonic Stable
combustion combustion rise combustion combustion combustion

High performance, high efficiency and low emissions combustion

Combustion and Power
 In an Internal Combustion (IC) engine, the ignition and combustion of
fuel occur within the engine itself. The engine then partially converts
the energy from the combustion to work.

Internal Combustion (IC) Engine

Combustion and Power
Internal Combustion Engine

 The engine consists of a fixed cylinder and a moving piston. The

expanding combustion gases push the piston, which in turn rotates the
crankshaft. Ultimately, through a system of gears in the powertrain,
this motion drives the vehicle’s wheels.
Combustion and Power
Gas Turbine

 The gas turbines are complex machines, which are being installed in
many of today's natural-gas-fueled power plants.
 The combustion produces a high temperature, high pressure gas stream
that enters and expands through the turbine section, where it expands
down to the exhaust pressure, producing a shaft work output in the
process.
Combustion and Power
Jet engine

 A jet engine is a machine that converts energy-rich, liquid fuel into a

powerful pushing force called thrust. The thrust from one or more
engines pushes a plane forward, forcing air past its scientifically shaped
wings to create an upward force called lift that powers it into the sky.
 Combustion and Power
Scramjet engine

 A scramjet operates by combustion of fuel in a stream of air

compressed by the forward speed of the aircraft itself, as opposed to a
normal jet engine, in which the compressor section (the fan blades)
compresses the air. The airflow through the engine remains supersonic,
or faster than the speed of sound. Scramjet powered vehicles are
envisioned to operate at speeds up to at least Mach 7.
 Combustion and Power
Rocket engine

 In a rocket engine, fuel and a source of oxygen, called an oxidizer, are

mixed and exploded in a combustion chamber. The combustion
produces hot exhaust which is passed through a nozzle to accelerate
the flow and produce thrust.
 There are two main categories of rocket engines; liquid rockets and
solid rockets
Combustion and Power
Advanced engines with high efficiency and low pollutant emissions

 Due to the use of Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) mode, HCCI

(Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) engines achieve
extremely low levels of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.
Combustion and Power

 HCCI is a hybrid combustion strategy that is being actively researched.

Like a spark-ignition engine, a mixture of fuel and air is inducted into
the chamber; but instead of igniting the mixture with a spark plug, the
high temperature that results from compression of the mixture to a
high pressure causes the mixture to spontaneously react.
Combustion and Environment
Global temperature increase

 Combustion affects global warming by dumping lots of carbon dioxide

(CO2) and other combustion byproducts (CH4, NOx and so on) into the
atmosphere.
Combustion and Environment

Air pollutant emissions from

vehicles in China (Year 2013)
Pollutant Emissions (Mton)

NOx 6.406

HC 4.312

CO 3.440

PM 0.594

Total 45.709

Combustion produces a great amount of air pollutants,

such as NOx, SOx, VOCs, PAHs, Soot
Combustion and Environment

 Combustion is the main emission source for NOx and SOx

NOx emission from fossil fuel Comparison of the trends of

combustion in China NOx and SOx emissions

Various desulfurization and denitration (SCR, SNCR) techniques are developed.

Combustion and Environment

 The combustion of fossil fuel and biomass produces soot particle,

which is one of major source of haze.
Combustion and Environment
 Combustion is the main emission source for soot (black carbon).
 Soot is known to be carcinogenic (致癌的) and mutagenic (致畸的) and is a
major contributor to particular matter 2.5 (PM2.5).
Impact environment Impact human health
Combustion and Fire Safety
Forest and city fire

 The 1987 Daxing‘anling Wildfire (大兴安岭森林火灾), was a major

wildfire. The burning lasted almost a month, The fire covered
about 10,000 square kilometres, of which 6500 square kilometres
was forestry.
 Combustion and Fire Safety
Forest and city fire

 The Great Chicago Fire was a conflagration that burned from October 8,
to October 10, 1871. The fire killed up to 300 people, destroyed roughly
3.3 square miles (9 km2) of Chicago, Illinois, and left more than 100,000
residents homeless.
Combustion and Fire Safety
Fire whirl (火旋风)

 Fire whirl is a whirlwind induced by a fire and often made up of flame

or ash. Fire whirls may occur when intense rising heat and turbulent
wind conditions combine to form whirling eddies of air. These eddies
can contract into a tornado-like structure that sucks in burning debris
and combustible gases.
Combustion and Aerospace

Microgravity produces a round, cooler candle flame with no soot.

Primarily because microgravity provides an environment that lacks
buoyant convection, which normally plays an important role in
maintaining and shaping a flame on earth.
Combustion and Aerospace
Fire aboard the International Space Station
Combustion and Aerospace
Fire aboard the International Space Station

Combustion studies in microgravity are important to spacecraft safety,

it is essential to understand how fires are ignited in microgravity and
how they spread.
Combustion and Materials Synthesis

Advantages of flame synthesis:

 High production rate & purity
 Nano-sized particles; increased catalyticity
 Functional materials
Outline of Chapter 1

 Combustion with human being

 Motivation to study combustion
 The history of combustion science and technology
 Definition of combustion
 Combustion research methods
 Introduction of CI and publications
Human Using Fire
Human has came a long way from using fire to realizing fire!
Ancient Use and Thinking of Combustion
Ancient element concepts
Ancient China Ancient Greece

 Fire is one of the classical elements with features hot and dry
 The classical elements can be transformed by changing their features
Time Line of Combustion Research
Phlogiston Theory（燃素说）
 1667, J. J. Becher, Germany J. J. Becher G. E. Stahl
(1635-1682) (1659-1734)
 1703, G. E. Stahl, Germany
Substances contain phlogiston &
dephlogisticated air when burned

Challenges
 What is the principle of phlogiston?
 Why some substances gain mass when
they burned?
 Why the volume of air is reduced when
combustion?
Oxidation Theory of Combustion（氧化说）
A. Lavoisier J. Priestley
 1777, A. Lavoisier, France (1743-1794) (1733-1804)

 The gain in weight by combustion is

the result of combination with a large
quantity of oxygen.
 The mass of the reactants equals the
mass of the products.
Father of Discoverer of
modern chemistry oxygen (1774)

Beginning of combustion science and modern chemistry

Oxidation Theory of Combustion（氧化说）
The experiments of Faraday
The Chemical History of a Candle (1848)
Lecture I A Candle: The Flame—Its Sources—Structure—
Mobility—Brightness
Lecture II A Candle: Brightness of the Flames—Air
M. Faraday
Necessary for Combustion—Production of Water (1791-1867)
Lecture III Products: Water from the Combustion—Nature
of Water—A Compound—Hydrogen
Lecture IV Hydrogen in the Candle—Burns into Water—
The Other Part of Water—Oxygen
Lecture V Oxygen Present in the Air—Nature of the
Atmosphere—Its properties—Other Products from the
Candle—Carbonic Acid—Its Properties
Lecture VI Carbon or Charcoal—Coal-Gas—Respiration and
its Analogy to the Burning of a Candle—Conclusion
Development of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics was founded by:
Introduction of Chemical Kinetics
Modern reaction kinetics based on elementary reactions and
radicals, founded by
1920s 1940s 1940-50s

Semenov Hinshelwood Norrish Porter Zeldovich Frank-Kamenetskii

 Chain reaction and  Extremely fast chemical reactions  Thermal ignition

thermal ignition and hydrocarbon combustion theory and pollutant
 The Nobel Prize in  The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967 formation
Chemistry 1956
Flame Dynamics and Combustion Physics
 In 1930s, Lewis et al. began to build the theory of flame
dynamics, which put forward some basic concepts of
flame physics, such as the minimum ignition energy,
flame propagation.
 1930s-1950s，the law of ignition, flame extinction,
Bernard Lewis
flame propagation and turbulent combustion theory (1899-1993)
was built.

D. A. Frank-Kamenetskii
(1910-1970)
Combustion Theory

von Karman （冯卡门） introduced fluid mechanics to study

fundamental combustion process.

Karman vortex streets Theodore von Kármán（1881-1963）

Combustion Theory

Combustion theory developed rapidly from 1960s to 1980s

Ya. B. Zel’dovich G. H. Markstein G. I. Sivashinsky A. Liñán P. Clavin

F. A. Williams J. D. Buckmaster R. W. Bilger N. Peters

Computational Combustion

 Spalding and colleagues at Imperial College did the pioneering work of

building the first combustion simulations on the CFD

 Computational combustion develops rapidly since 1980s

Experimental Combustion

B. Lewis S. Candel M. Alden

 From 1960s，laser techniques were introduced for combustion research. Laser

techniques enable detecting and quantifying important gas-phase species,
temperature, and particulate matter in temporally and spatially resolved
measurements.
Modern Combustion Research
Steam Engine

 Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine was the first commercial true steam
engine using a piston, and was used in 1712 for pumping in a mine.
 Steam Engine

 In 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary
motion.
 Watt's ten-horsepower engines enabled a wide range of manufacturing
machinery to be powered. The engines could be sited anywhere that water and
coal or wood fuel could be obtained.
Steam Engine

 The stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution,
allowing factories to locate where water power was unavailable.
Internal Combustion Engine

 In 1859, Lenoir developed the first internal combustion engine which burned a
mixture of coal gas and air ignited by a "jumping sparks" ignition system by
Ruhmkorff coil.
Internal Combustion Engine

 In 1876, Nikolaus Otto successfully developed the compressed charge internal

combustion engine which ran on petroleum gas and led to the modern
internal combustion engine.
 Internal Combustion Engine

 Typically an ICE is fed with fossil fuels

like natural gas or petroleum
products such as gasoline, diesel fuel
or fuel oil.
 There is a growing usage of
renewable fuels like biodiesel for
compression ignition engines and
bioethanol or methanol for spark
ignition engines.
Outline of Chapter 1

 Combustion with human being

 Motivation to study combustion
 The history of combustion science and technology
 Definition of combustion
 Combustion research methods
 Introduction of CI and publications
Definition of Combustion

Webster’s Dictionary provides a useful starting point for a

definition of COMBUSTION as “rapid oxidation generating heat, or
both light and heat; also, slow oxidation accompanied by
relatively little heat and no light.” For our purposes, we will
restrict the definition to include only the rapid oxidation portion,
since most practical combustion devices belong in this realm.
Principle of Combustion

Combustion phenomena are basically

chemical reactions with rapid heat production.
H. W. Emmons, Proc. Combust. Inst. 13 (1971) 1-18.
H. W. Emmons
(1912-1998)

 Combustion processes: convert chemical energy to thermal energy

 A complicated sequence of elementary radical reactions

CnHm + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Q

Principle of Combustion
Combustion: reacting flow

 Thousands of species  ignition

and tens of thousands  extinction
 pollutants
of reactions involved
 propagation
in combustion  …………
processes.
 Optical spectroscopy,
1 Pyrolysis
gas chromatography
and mass  reactions 2 Low-T oxidation
spectrometry have  turbulent flow
been used for  mass transport
3 High-T oxidation
diagnostics.  heat radiation
Principle of Combustion
Complex flow patterns
Large eddy
Fuel Small eddy

Oxidizer
Flame front

 Complex turbulent flow

 Complex physico chemistry process
Principle of Combustion
Complex chain reactions
Chain Reactions
CH4 + O2 → CH3 + HO2
CH4 + OH → CH3 + H2O
H O H OH
CH3 + O → CH2O + H
CH3 O OH H
O O OH H CH3 + OH → CH2 + H2O
HO CH2 + O2 → HCO + OH
CH3 + HO2 → CH3O + OH
CH3 + O2 (+M) → CH3O2 (+M)
CH2O + OH → HCO + H2O
HCO + O2 → CO + HO2
CO + OH → CO2 + H
HO2 + HO2 → H2O2 + O2
H2O2 + M → OH + OH + M
H2 + O2 → H + HO2
H + O2 → O + OH
Flame Structure

3D flame 2D flame 1D flame

Temperature and species Temperature and Temperature and species

concentration are the species concentration concentration are the
functions of three spatial are the functions of functions of one spatial
coordinates two spatial coordinates coordinates
(axisymmetric flame)
Flame Types
Flame Types
Premixed and non-premixed are related to the
state of mixedness of the reactants

 Premixed flame
 Mixing and then burning;
 It is safe only in small scale; not used in the
industry.

 Non-premixed flame
 Mixing and burning simultaneously;
 Safe, because the combustible mixture is
generated locally.
Flame Types

 The spark-ignition engine is an example where premixed flames occur.

 Diesel-engine combustion is generally considered to have significant
amounts of both premixed and non-premixed flames.
Flame Types

 Laminar flame
 The total heat production is small but large
heat production in some points.

 Turbulent flame
 Large fuel consumption, large total heat
production but small heat production in
each point!
The Combustion Processes

THE FIRE TRIANGLE

OXYGEN HEAT
FIRE
combustion

FUEL
The Combustion Processes
Ignition
piloted ignition spontaneous ignition

 Ignition is the mechanism leading to the onset of a vigorous

combustion reaction and is characterized by a rapid increase of the
species temperature.
The Combustion Processes
Combustion and flame propagation

 Flame propagation from unburnt gas to burnt gas.

 laminar flame velocity is a physical constant, at a given gas
composition, initial temperature and pressure.
The Combustion Processes
Extinction

localized extinction event in a turbulent non-premixed jet flame

 Flame extinction is related to heat loss in flames and the changes of

flame conditions.
The Combustion Processes
Droplet Combustion

 Droplet combustion is important in internal combustion engines

and jet engines.
The Combustion Processes
Solid Combustion

Coal, biomass, metal, metal oxides…

 Combustion of solid fuels is a complex physico-chemical process.

The Combustion Processes
Solid Combustion

Solid combustion processes

The Pollutant Formation Processes
NOx formation

Formation mechanism
 Thermal NO
N2 + O = NO + N
O2 + N = NO + O
N + OH = NO + H
 Prompt NO
N2 + CN = NCN + H
N2 + CH2 = HCN + NH
NCN/HCN  N  NO
 N2O mechanism
N2 + O + M = N2O + M
N2O + O = NO + NO
The Pollutant Formation Processes
PAH and soot formation
 The Pollutant Formation Processes
PAH and soot formation

 The formation of soot is a

complex process, an evolution
of matter in which a number of
molecules undergo many
chemical and physical reactions
within a few milliseconds.
Outline of Chapter 1

 Combustion with human being

 Motivation to study combustion
 The history of combustion science and technology
 Definition of combustion
 Combustion research methods
 Introduction of CI and publications
Characteristic of Combustion Science
Crossing of many disciplines

 Thermodynamics
 Chemical Kinetics
 Fluid Mechanics
 Heat Transfer
 Mass Transfer
 Physical Chemistry
 ………………………
Research Method
Theoretical analysis
Experimental measurement

Combustion
Numerical simulation
Experimental Measurement

 Temperature, velocity, pressure

 Species concentration

 Global combustion parameters

 ………………………………………
Theoretical Analysis

 Develop and improve combustion theory

 Explain experimental observations

Numerical Simulation

 Bridge between combustion theory and experiment

 Predict combustion process in practical combustion devices

Outline of Chapter 1

 Combustion with human being

 Motivation to study combustion
 The history of combustion science and technology
 Definition of combustion
 Combustion research methods
 Introduction of CI and publications
Modern Combustion Research
The international organization of combustion science

 The Combustion Institute (CI), Pittsburgh

 https://www.combustioninstitute.org
 Affiliated Journals:
Combustion and Flame
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
 International Symposium on Combustion

 Sep. 10-14, 1928. The First Symposium on Combustion held at the 76th Meeting
of ACS at Massachusetts .
 Sep. 9-10, 1937, The Second Symposium on Combustion held at the 94th
Meeting of ACS at New York .
 Sep. 7-11, 1948, The Third Symposium on Combustion at Wisconsin.
Standing Committee on Combustion Symposia
 Sep. 1-5, 1952, The Fourth Symposium on Combustion at Massachusetts.
 Aug. 30-Sep. 3, 1954, The Fifth Symposium on Combustion at Pennsylvania.
 Aug. 19-24, 1956, The Sixth Symposium on Combustion at Connecticut. (the first
one held by The Combustion Institute)
 Aug. 28-Sep. 3, 1958, The Seventh Symposium on Combustion at London and
Oxford.
 …….
International Symposium on Combustion
Since 1949, in every second year
1990 23rd Symposium Orleans, France
1992 24th Symposium Sydney, Australia
1994 25th Symposium Irvine, USA
1996 26th Symposium Naples, Italy
1998 27th Symposium Boulder, USA
2000 28th Symposium Edinburgh, UK
2002 29th Symposium Sapporo, Japan
2004 30th Symposium Chicago, USA
2006 31st Symposium Heidelberg, Germany
2008 32nd Symposium Montreal, Canada
2010 33rd Symposium Beijing, China
2012 34th Symposium Warsaw, Poland
2014 35th Symposium San Francisco, USA
2016 36th Symposium Seoul, South Korea
2018 37th Symposium Dublin, Ireland
2020 38th Symposium Adelaide, Australia
Colloquia of Combustion Symposium
1. Gas-Phase Reaction Kinetics including the kinetics of hydrocarbons and
oxygenated fuels, formation of gaseous pollutants, elementary reactions,
mechanism generation, reduction and uncertainty quantification.
2. Soot, Nanomaterials, & Large Molecules including the formation, growth, and
destruction of soot, PAHs, carbon nanostructures, and other nanoscale materials.
3. Diagnostics including the development and application of diagnostic techniques
and sensors for the understanding and control of combustion and reacting flow
phenomena.
4. Laminar Flames including their ignition, structure, propagation, extinction,
stabilization, dynamics, and instabilities.
5. Turbulent Flames including their ignition, structure, propagation, extinction,
stabilization, dynamics, and instabilities.
6. Spray, Droplet, and Supercritical Combustion including atomization,
combustion of droplets, sprays, and supercritical fluids.
Colloquia of Combustion Symposium
7. Detonations, Explosions, and Supersonic Combustion including flame
acceleration, DDT, and pulse-detonation-, constant volume combustion-, and
scramjet-engines.
8. Solid Fuel Combustion including fundamental aspects related to pyrolysis,
oxidation, gasification, and ash formation from coal, biomass, and wastes, as
well as combustion of propellants and metals.
9. Fire Research including fundamental aspects of ignition, burning, spread and
suppression of fire, as well as applications to building fire and urban/wildland
fire safety.
10. Stationary Combustion Systems and Low Carbon Combustion Technologies
including combustion in stationary power generation, fluidized beds,
incineration, utility boilers, industrial applications, NOx and SOx reduction,
MILD combustion, oxy-fuel combustion, chemical looping, and CO2 capture.
Colloquia of Combustion Symposium

11. Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines including device-specific aspects

of fuels research, emissions, direct injection, and combustion dynamics (e.g.
ignition, quenching).
12. Gas Turbine and Rocket Engine Combustion including propulsion and power
generation, as well as device-specific aspects of fuels research, emissions,
stability, and combustion dynamics (e.g. ignition, quenching,
thermoacoustics).
13. New Concepts including assisted combustion (plasmas, electric and magnetic
fields), catalysis, fuel synthesis and transformation, micro-channel reactors,
integrated process intensification, fuel cells, and electrolysis.
Thanks for your attention

[email protected]
[email protected]