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COMPUTING DEVICES 1
(pre-computer age to 19th century)
Features, components and uses of devices S/N Devices Uses Features Components 1. ABACUS For addition and subtraction Used since 300BC Rings, Ros, sticks modern consists of rings and pebbles that slide over rod. Old Abacus consists of sticks and pebbles 2. NAPIER Addition, multiplication, and Logarithm value carved Ivory stick BONE logarithm on ivory sticks built in 1617 invented by John Napier 3. Slide Rule Addition, subtraction, Built in 1632 invented by Scale number line multiplication and division. For Edmond Gunter. Has logs measuring number line as a scale. A pair of dividers. 4. Pascal Addition and subtraction Built in 1632 invented by Dashboard wheel calculator Edmund Gunter. Has Gear cylinder number line as a scale, a pair of dividers 5. Leibniz Addition, subtraction, Fluted drums having ten Drum flutes Multiplier multiplication and division flutes arranged around their circumference in stair step fashion Decimal number system. 6. Jacquard Addition, subtraction and mill Punched wooden cards Punched cards Loom weaving rope fabric 7. Charles Addition, subtraction, Built in 1882 Gears wheel Babbage multiplication, division, difference logarithm tables, prime engine numbers, and square root 8. Analytical Addition, subtraction, Built in 1833. Program Punched cards engine multiplication, division controlled. Automatic program logarithm tables, prime mechanical digital numbers, and square root computer. A mill for calculating. An operator for carrying out instruction. 9 Hollerith Census data addition, Built in 1881 invented by census multiplication and sorting Herman Hollerith. machine Electricity to read, count and sort punched card. 10 Burrough’s Addition, subtraction, division, Built in 1885 invented by Copper plates, Machine Multiplication, data, fractions William seaward magnifier, counting printing Burroughs. Nine column keyboard, structure. Decimal registers number system. Locked keyboard.