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GEARS C ATA L O G D R AW I N G KNOWLEDGE
GEAR NOISE
TOP > Gear Knowledge > Introduction To Gears > Gear Noise
1-9 Gear Noise
This figure indicates the results of a survey conducted by a manufacturer that produces gears for automobile, machine tools and speed reducers.
Cause of noise and vibration :
1. Accuracy of gears
2. Accuracy of assembly
3. Tooth surface finish
4. Configuration of gearbox
5. Lubrication of gears
6. Bearing
7. Material of gears
8. Design of gears
9. Motor and variation of load
10. Driving condition
11. Shaft and shaft alignment
12. Configuration of gears
13. Wear of gears
14. Surface damage on gears
15. Others
Broken down by the factors contributing to gear noise, it becomes :
Design.......35%
Fabrication.......30%
Usage.......20%
Assembly.......15%
Causes (Items assumed to have effects on noise) :
Bad tooth contact
Large pitch error
Large tooth profile error
Oscillating torque load on the gear shaft
Poor tooth surface finish
Center distance is too small
Rotation is too fast
Ball and roller bearings are causing noise
Gearbox is amplifying noise
Deformation of gear due to heat treating
In order to manufacture gears that minimize noise during operation :
Reduce the pitch error
Reduce the tooth profile error
Reduce the runout error
Reduce the lead error
Modify tooth surface by crowning
Tip relieving may correct pitch error from tooth deformation
Remove sharp corners of tooth by chamfering
Eliminate the roughness on the tooth surface
Increase the contact ratio – bigger contact ratio lowers the noise
Try to design gearboxes as close to round shape as possible
Use a flexible coupling between the prime mover and the gearbox
Machine the mounting holes of gearbox precisely so that gears can be mounted accurately
When assembling gears into gearbox, care must be taken that gears come in contact properly – to avoid edge contact
To improve surface finish, gears are generally shaved or ground. Spiral bevel gears are lapped or ground.
Left : Crowning of tooth
Right : Chamfering of tooth
Example of edge contact
This figure shows an example of data regarding noise level as a result of test on KHK stock gears.
▲ - ▲ : S45C without heat treatment
(SS2.5-24, SS2.5-48)
△ - △ : Plastic
(PS2.5-24, PS2.5-48)
● - ● : S45C Tooth surface high-frequency induction hardened and ground
(SSG2.5-24, SSG2.5-48)
○ - ○ : SCM415 Overall carburizing and quenching, tooth surface ground
(MSGB2.5-24, MSGB2.5-48)
Noise level of KHK stock gears 1984 - 1985
Vertical line – Decibel (db)
Horizontal line – n 1(rpm)
Related links :
齿轮的噪音
Spur Gears – Main page of spur gears
How to reduce Gear Noise – A page of Gear Technical Reference
Kohara Gear Industry Co.,Ltd.
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