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CAIE IGCSE Mathematics 0580 Theory Revision Notes - ZNotes

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78 views

CAIE IGCSE Mathematics 0580 Theory Revision Notes - ZNotes

Uploaded by

mawayousifo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number

Natural numbers:

used for counting purposes

all possible rational &irrational numbers

Integer: a whole number

Prime numbers:

divisible only by itself and one

1 is not a prime number

Rational numbers: can be written as a fraction

Irrational numbers: cannot be written as a fraction e.g. π

Cube numbers: made from multiplying a rational number to

itself thrice.

Reciprocals: A number made by raising a rational number to

-1, or 1 over that number

HCF and LCM


Highest Common Factor and Lowest Common Multiple:

HCF = product of common factors of x and y

LCM = product of all items in Venn diagram

Prime Factorization: !nding which prime numbers

multiply together to make the original number

Sets
De!nition of sets e.g.

A = {x: x is a natural number}


B = {(x, y ): y = mx + c}
C = {x: a ≤ x ≤ b}
D = {a, b, c, …}
Set representations:

A∩∩ B is shaded
A∪∪ B is shaded
⊂ ‘is a subset of’

ξ = {a, b, c, d, e}
b∈X A’ is shaded

of elements in A

∈ = …is an element of…


\n otin = …is not an element of…

A′ = complement of set A
Øor = empty set
ξ = Universal set

A ∪ B = union of A and B
A ∩ B = intersection of A and B
A ⊆ B = A is a subset of B
A ⊂ B = A is a proper subset of B
A⊄B = A is not a subset of B

Indices
Standard form:

104 = 10000
103 = 1000
102 = 100
101 = 10
100 = 1
10−1 = 0.1
10−2 = 0.01
10−3 = 0.001
10−4 = 0.0001
10−5 = 0.00001
Limits of accuracy:

The degree of rounding of a number

E.g. 2.1 to 1 d.p 2.05 ≤ x < 2.15


Finding limits when adding/multiplying: add/multiply

respective limits of values

Finding maximum value possible when

dividing/subtracting: max value divided by/minus min

value

Finding minimum value possible when

dividing/subtracting: min value divided by/minus max

value

Ratio & Proportion


Ratio: used to describe a fraction

e.g. 3 : 1

Foreign exchange: money changed from one currency to

another using proportion

E.g. Convert $22.50 to Dinars

$1 : 0.30KD

$22.50 : 6.75KD

Map scales: using proportion to work out map scales

1km = 1000m

1m = 100cm

1cm = 10mm

Direct variation: y is proportional to x

y∝x

y = kx

Inverse variation: y is inversely proportional to x

1
y∝
x
k
y=
x

Percentages
Percentage:

Convenient way of expressing fractions

Percent means per 100

Percentage increase or decrease:

Actual Change
P ercentage increase = × 100
Original Amount

Simple interest:

PRT
I=
100
Where, P = P rincipal, R = Rate Of Interest, and T = T ime
Compound interest:

r nt
A = P (1 + )
n
Where, P = P rincipal, R = Rate Of Interest, N = number of
times the interest is compounded per year and T = T ime

Speed, Distance & Time


Distance
Speed =
Time
Total Distance
Average Speed =
Total Time
Units of speed: km/hr or m/s

Units of distance: km or m

Units of time: hr or sec

5
km/hr × = m/sec
18
18
m/sec × = km/hr
5

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