1

5.3 x P(x) x·P(x) (x-µ)2 (x-µ)2·P(x)

0 .461 .000 0.913936 0.421324
1 .285 .285 0.001936 0.000552
2 .129 .258 1.089936 0.140602
3 .087 .261 4.177936 0.363480
4 .038 .152 9.265936 0.352106
E(x) = µ = [x·P(x)]= 0.956  = [(x-µ) ·P(x)] = 1.278064
2 2

 = 1.278064 = 1.1305

5.4 x P(x) x·P(x) (x-µ)2 (x-µ)2·P(x)

0 .262 .000 1.4424 0.37791
1 .393 .393 0.0404 0.01588
2 .246 .492 0.6384 0.15705
3 .082 .246 3.2364 0.26538
4 .015 .060 7.8344 0.11752
5 .002 .010 14.4324 0.02886
6 .000 .000 23.0304 0.00000
µ =  [x·P(x)] = 1.201  =  [(x-µ) ·P(x)] = 0.96260
2 2

 = .96260 = .98112

5.5 c) n = 10 p = .60 q = .40

P(x > 7) = P(x=7) + P(x=8) + P(x=9) + P(x=10) =

7 3 8 2 9 1 10 0
10C7(.60) (.40) + 10C8(.60) (.40) + 10C9(.60) (.40) +10C10(.60) (.40) =

120(.0280)(.064) + 45(.0168)(.16) + 10(.0101)(.40) + 1(.0060)(1) =

.2150 + .1209 + .0403 + .0060 = .3822

d) n = 12 p = .45 q = .55

P(5 < x < 7) = P(x=5) + P(x=6) + P(x=7) =

5 7 6 6 7 5
12C5(.45) (.55) + 12C6(.45) (.55) + 12C7(.45) (.55) =

792(.0185)(.0152) + 924(.0083)(.0277) + 792(.0037)(.0503) =

.2225 + .2124 + .1489 = .5838

 2

5.6 By Table A.2:

c) n = 20 p = .70

P(x < 12) = P(x=11) + P(x=10) + P(x=9) + ... + P(x=0) =

.065 + .031 + .012 + .004 + .001 + .000 = .113

e) n = 15 p = .40

P(4 < x < 9) =

P(x=4) + P(x=5) + P(x=6) + P(x=7) + P(x=8) + P(x=9) =

.127 + .186 + .207 + .177 + .118 + .061 = .876

f) n = 10 p = .60

P(x > 7) = P(x=7) + P(x=8) + P(x=9) + P(x=10) =

.215 + .121 + .040 + .006 = .382

5.7 a) n = 20 p = .70 q = .30

µ = np = 20(.70) = 14

 = n  p  q  20(.70)(.30)  4.2 = 2.05

b) n = 70 p = .35 q = .65

µ = np = 70(.35) = 24.5

 = n  p  q  70(.35)(.65)  15.925 = 3.99

c) n = 100 p = .50 q = .50

µ = np = 100(.50) = 50

 = n  p  q  100(.50)(.50)  25 = 5
 3

5.11 a) n = 20 p = .27 x=8

20C8 (.27)8(.73)12 = 125,970(.000028243)(.022902) = .0815

b) n = 20 p = .30 x=0

20C0 (.30) 0(.70)20 = (1)(1)(.0007979) = .0007979

c) n = 20 p = .30 x>7

Use table A.2:

P(x=8) + P(x=9) + . . . + P(x=14)=

.114 + .065 + .031 + .012 + .004 + .001 + .000 + … = .227

5.13 n = 25 p = .60

a) x > 15

P(x > 15) = P(x = 15) + P(x = 16) + · · · + P(x = 25)

Using Table A.2 n = 25, p = .60

x Prob
15 .161
16 .151
17 .120
18 .080
19 .044
20 .020
21 .007
22 .002
.585

b) x > 20

P(x > 20) = P(x = 21) + P(x = 22) + P(x = 23) + P(x = 24) + P(x = 25) =

Using Table A.2 n = 25, p = .60

.007 + .002 + .000 + .000 + .000 = .009

c) P(x < 10)

 4

Using Table A.2 n = 25, p = .60 and x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

x Prob.
9 .009
8 .003
7 .001
<6 .000
.013

5.17
3.9 2  e  3.9 (15.21)(.020242)
b) P(x=2 = 3.9) =  = .1539
2! 2

c) P(x < 3 = 4.1) = P(x=3) + P(x=2) + P(x=1) + P(x=0) =

4.13  e  4.1 (68.921)(.016573)

 = .1904
3! 6

4.12  e  4.1 (16.81)(.016573)

 = .1393
2! 2

4.11  e  4.1 (4.1)(.016573)

 = .0679
1! 1

4.10  e  4.1 (1)(.016573)

 = .0166
0! 1

.1904 + .1393 + .0679 + .0166 = .4142

 5

5.20  = 2.84 minutes

a) P(x=6  = 2.8)

from Table A.3 .0407

b) P(x=0  = 2.8) =

from Table A.3 .0608

c) Unable to meet demand if x > 44 minutes:

x Prob.
5 .0872
6 .0407
7 .0163
8 .0057
9 .0018
10 .0005
11 .0001
.1523

There is a .1523 probability of being unable to meet the demand.

Probability of meeting the demand = 1 - (.1523) = .8477

15.23% of the time a second window will need to be opened.

d)  = 2.8 arrivals4 minutes

P(x=3) arrivals2 minutes = ??

Lambda must be changed to the same interval (½ the size)

New lambda=1.4 arrivals2 minutes

P(x=3)=1.4) = from Table A.3 = .1128

P(x > 5 8 minutes) = ??

Lambda must be changed to the same interval(twice the size):

New lambda = 5.6 arrivals8 minutes

P(x > 5   = 5.6):
 6

From Table A.3: x Prob.

5 .1697
6 .1584
7 .1267
8 .0887
9 .0552
10 .0309
11 .0157
12 .0073
13 .0032
14 .0013
15 .0005
16 .0002
17 .0001
.6579

5.32 N = 16 A = 4 defective n=3

C 0 12 C3 (1)(220)
a) P(x = 0) = 4
 = .3929
C
16 3 560

C3 12 C 0 (4)(1)
b) P(x = 3) = 4
 = .0071
16 C 3 560
C  C
c) P(x > 2) = P(x=2) + P(x=3) = 4 2 12 1 + .0071 (from part b.) =
16 C 3

(6)(12) + .0071 = .1286 + .0071 = .1357

560

d) P(x < 1) = P(x=1) + P(x=0) =

C1 12 C 2
4 (4)(66)
+ .3929 (from part a.) = + .3929 = .4714 + .3929 = .8643
16 C 3 560
5.33 N = 18 A = 11 Hispanic n=5

P(x < 1) = P(1) + P(0) =

C1 7 C 4 C 0 7 C5 (11)(35) (1)( 21)

11
+ 11
=  = .0449 + .0025 = .0474
18 C 5 18 C 5 8568 8568

It is fairly unlikely that these results occur by chance. A researcher might want to
further investigate this result to determine causes. Were officers selected based on
leadership, years of service, dedication, prejudice, or some other reason?