NAME:

SADIA HASSAN
ROLL NO:
D19575
ASSIGNMENT:
MODULE: 9
SADIA HASSAN
D19575
Question 1: Write a note on how to set up an indoor and outdoor
environment for introducing zoology and botany.
Presentation - Preparing the Outdoor Environment for ZoologyMaterials:
•Bird Feeder•Bird Bath•Bird HouseExercise: This exercise helps to attract wildlife
and study it in the outdoor environment,especially for children aged 3+ years.
Children can find great joy in observing birds, which can be attracted by
establishing a variety of feeders. A bird bath also offers an interesting opportunity
to watch birds, however, care must be taken to keep it clean as well as to change
the water daily. The directress may wish to set up some bird houses, preferably
with thechildren’s assistance. Depending on the environment, salt licks in the
water, and a variety of food otherwise may be put out to attract other forms of
wildlife. On outdoor trips and nature walks, the teacher should look for tracks so
that on the stroll, the children may have the opportunity to study insects, habitats of
different lifeforms; under rocks, leaves, in the barks of trees etc. Most importantly,
the children should be shown how to behave in an outdoor setting,i.e. with respect
and care for the environment.
Presentation - Preparing the Indoor Environment for ZoologyMaterial:
•Pet cages•Tanks•Terrarium
Exercise:
This exercise helps to encourage the children (ideally aged 2+ years) to establish
respect for other living creatures, as well as to develop a caring attitude towards
animals, birds and fish etc. while observing them and attending to their needs.
Animals can be brought into the classroom permanently or temporarily, however, it
must be ensured that no child is allergic to any of the animals being brought in. A
proper living environment for the animals must be provided. Feeding and caring
for animals provide attractive practical life exercises. Observing what and how the
animals eat can also be very interesting, especially when the children are directly
engaged in said activities. The children should be encouraged to observe how the
animal(s) move. It is important to establish appropriate ways to handle the animals
and any other routines which ensure the safety of the animals, as well as the
children. It is very exciting to watch a life cycle develop, i.e. a frog or a mealworm.
It is recommended that resources easily available be used in these exercises. Many
people will be willing to bring animals to the school.In addition, trips to the zoo
can be very informative. If a teacher chooses to keep animals within the classroom,
suitable arrangements must be made for their care on weekends and during
holidays.
Presentation -
Preparing the Outdoor Environment for BotanyMaterials:
•Tools for digging•Tools for Hoeing•Tools for Planting•Tools for Raking•Tools
for Weeding•Tools for Watering•Tools for Harvesting•Tools for Composting
Exercise:
This exercise helps introduce activities which direct the child's attention toward
plantlife, and raises their awareness of plants, their needs and their importance to
the earth and tous. If possible a teacher should establish a garden in the outdoor
environment. This garden should be aesthetically pleasing as well as functional,
whereby children can subsequently enjoy
people will be willing to bring animals to the school.In addition, trips to the zoo
can be very informative. If a teacher chooses to keep animals within the classroom,
suitable arrangements must be made for their care on weekends and during
holidays.
Presentation -
Preparing the Outdoor Environment for BotanyMaterials:
•Tools for digging•Tools for Hoeing•Tools for Planting•Tools for Raking•Tools
for Weeding•Tools for Watering•Tools for Harvesting•Tools for Composting
Exercise:
This exercise helps introduce activities which direct the child's attention toward
plantlife, and raises their awareness of plants, their needs and their importance to
the earth and tous. If possible a teacher should establish a garden in the outdoor
environment. This garden should be aesthetically pleasing as well as functional,
whereby children can subsequently enjoy eating their produce. Children can help
prepare the ground by digging, hoeing, and then planting. They can also maintain
the garden by weeding, watering and eventually harvesting crops. Plants may be
started inside and then later replanted outside. In the fall, raking is a good activity.
Maintaining a compost helps to promote the idea of not wasting. In
addition,planting can help attract animals and birds as well, allowing the children
an opportunity to observe the animals feeding. Nature walks may also be arranged
which emphasize a sensorial experience for the children. The children should be
encouraged to find their specimens from the ground so as not to harm a living
sample. Ample time should be taken to explore and share with the children the
living world around them which will help instill respect and interest in plantlife.
Presentation -
Preparing the Indoor Environment for BotanyMaterial:
•Choice of plants•Tools for the care and maintenance of plants and
flowers•Equipment for making products with plants and flowers
Exercise 1
- Everyday Life Activities; Watering, Misting, Removing Dead
Leaves/Flowers,Washing Leaves:
The choice of plants is important; consider the amount of light the classroom
receives. Start with a few plants and expand the number with success. Choose
plants which are interesting for different reasons, i.e., flowering, non-flowering,
different leaf shapes, edible,non-edible etc. Early in the year, give a lesson on how
to care for each plant. Removing dead leaves and washing leaves are interesting
exercises. You may also make up a card for each plant which includes the
following information: its name, where it was originally grown/came from,its
watering and care needs and any interesting facts concerning the plant.
Exercise 2 - Rooting, Potting and Repotting, Plant Propagation:
Repotting a plant can be a very nice small group activity. Plant propagation can be
very interesting, i.e., start with seeds or a sprouting bulb. The more ways of
propagation shown to the children, the better it is for their understanding. Books on
plants provide further information for the children. Encouragechildren to make a
booklet for themselves; drawing a picture of what they did at each step.
Exercise 3 - Flower Arranging, Pressing and Mounting Specimens, Making
Sachets:
Flower arrangement is a further way to boost interest in plants. A plant press can
be made of layers of cardboard and newspaper. The children could make their own
press or you may have a commercial one they can all share. The children can
identify the various leaf shapes and create
which emphasize a sensorial experience for the children. The children should be
encouraged to find their specimens from the ground so as not to harm a living
sample. Ample time should be taken to explore and share with the children the
living world around them which will help instill respect and interest in plantlife.
Presentation - Preparing the Indoor Environment for BotanyMaterial:
•Choice of plants•Tools for the care and maintenance of plants and
flowers•Equipment for making products with plants and flowers
Exercise 1 - Everyday Life Activities; Watering, Misting, Removing Dead
Leaves/Flowers,Washing Leaves:
The choice of plants is important; consider the amount of light the classroom
receives. Start with a few plants and expand the number with success. Choose
plants which are interesting for different reasons, i.e., flowering, non-flowering,
different leaf shapes, edible,non-edible etc. Early in the year, give a lesson on how
to care for each plant. Removing dead leaves and washing leaves are interesting
exercises. You may also make up a card for each plant which includes the
following information: its name, where it was originally grown/came from,its
watering and care needs and any interesting facts concerning the plant.
Exercise 2 - Rooting, Potting and Repotting, Plant Propagation:
Repotting a plant can be a very nice small group activity. Plant propagation can be
very interesting, i.e., start with seeds ora sprouting bulb. The more ways of
propagation shown to the children, the better it is for their understanding. Books on
plants provide further information for the children. Encouragechildren to make a
booklet for themselves; drawing a picture of what they did at each step.
Exercise 3 - Flower Arranging, Pressing and Mounting Specimens, Making
Sachets:
Flower arrangement is a further way to boost interest in plants. A plant press can
be made of layers of cardboard and newspaper. The children could make their own
press or you may have a commercial one they can all share. The children can
identify the various leaf shapes and create booklets. In addition, children can make
cards from mounted pressed flowers and greenery.They can also enjoy making
sachets of potpourri with dried flowers.
Exercise 4 - Food Preparation:
Introduce plants on a sensorial level with an emphasis on taste. Include fruits and
vegetables as part of the snack table. Fresh juice squeezed by hand is always
popular. Discuss what part of the plant is edible, i.e., leaf, root, etc. Nutmeg or
cinnamon can be grated and used in cooking, or taken home. Planting a fruit or
vegetable and then eating the produce is a great project. An herb garden can
provide many activities. Sprouts are also fun to grow, and also tasty. In addition,
you may wish to explore the importance of smell to taste.Remember, what you are
trying to give the children is a total experience with plants.These exercises help
introduce the children to the care of living plants. On an informal level,they
introduce the use of plants, our dependence on plants for food, as well as aesthetic
reasons. Summarily, they stimulate interest in plant life among children.
Question 2: Explain how the children are introduced to the
vertebrates and invertebrates, five classes of vertebrates and
then the body parts of a typical animal of each class.
Answer:
Presentation - Vertebrate and InvertebrateMaterial:
•Vertebral Column Model•Set of pictures of Vertebrates and Invertebrates•Box for
sorting with two compartments, labeled Vertebrate and Invertebrate
Exercise:
This exercise, preferably carried out for children aged 4 years and up, helps
children identify animals with, as well as without vertebral columns. The directress
introduces the spinal cord to a small group of children, noting that the back bone is
made up of many little bones Called vertebrae. In the center of the bones is what is
called the spinal cord. The soft discs are between the bones so that they do not rub
together. The children are shown where their backbone is and they are made to feel
it. They are also shown the movement of the column and encouraged to move in
different ways. They can be told, "You have a backbone, you are a vertebrate.
Animals without a backbone are called invertebrates". They are also introduced to
the set of cards and made to identify the animals. They may be helped in sorting
out the pictures into the appropriate categories by prompting their observations. It
should also be emphasized how the tails of the vertebrate animals are an extension
of their backbone. When Finished, the children can check their work by the coding
on the back. The children may also be shown skeletal models which they enjoy
looking at, in addition to cards with skeleton overlay for a variety of animal
exposure.
Five Classes of Vertebrates:
1.Birds: Birds are animals that have feathers and that are born out of hard-shelled
eggs.All birds have feathers and birds are the only animals that do. The feathers
on a bird’s wings and tail overlap. Because they overlap, the feathers catch and
hold the air. This Helps the bird to fly, steer itself and land.
2.Fish: Fish are vertebrates that live in water and have gills, scales and fins on
their body.There are a lot of different fish and many of them look very odd indeed.
There are blindfish, fish with noses like elephants, fish that shoot down passing
bugs with a stream of water and even fish that crawl onto land and hop about!
3.Reptiles: Reptiles are a class of animal with scaly skin. They are cold blooded
and are born on land. Snakes, lizards, crocodiles, alligators and turtles all belong to
the reptile.
class.4.Amphibians: Amphibians are born in the water. When they are born,
they breathe with gills like a fish. But when they grow up, they develop lungs and
can live on land.5.Arthropods: Any animals that have more than four jointed legs
are arthropods. Insects,spiders and crustaceans all belong to this class of animals.
Question 3: Prepare the following material and send to your tutor
alongwith the assignment;. Four part nomenclature material for
the part of a flower.. Two part classified cards of the common
fruits in Pakistan.
Answer
Four part nomenclature material for the part of a flower

Two part classified card of the common fruit in Pakistan

Question 4: Carry out any five science experiments mentioned in
this book.Take pictures while working, and send them to your
tutors.
1.Siphon
2: Making a rain gauge
Making an egg soft:

4 Raising coin
5 : Sink and float experiment