NYAHOKAKIRA CLUSTER 1 EXAM

231/2 - BIOLOGY - Paper 2

(THEORY)
FORM 4 - MARCH 2024 - Time: 2 Hours

Name…………………………………..…...…......Admission Number...................Stream........
Index Number ……….................................Signature…..................School…………..................

Instructions to candidates
a) Write your name, admission number, index number and stream in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the name of your school in the spaces provided above.
c) This paper consists of two section; A and B.
d) Answer all questions in section A in the spaces provided.
e) In section B answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after
question 8.
f) This paper consists of 10 printed pages.
g) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated
and that no questions are missing.
h) Candidates should answer all the questions in English.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Section Question Maximum Score Candidate`s Score
1 8

2 8

A 3 8

4 8

5 8

6 20
B
20

Total Score

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 SECTION A (40 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section
1. Study the diagrams Q and R below carefully and use them to answer the questions that follow.

Q P

(a) With reasons based on observable features only, identify;-

(i) The class to which organism Q belong.
Class (1mark)
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Reasons (2marks)
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(ii) The subdivision to which organism P belong.
Subdivision (1mark)
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Reason (1mark)
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(b) Members of the class to which organism Q belong are poikilothermic. Explain. (1mark)
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(c) Describe the members of the subdivision to which organism P belong in relation to the following;
(i) Seeds (1mark)
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(ii) Phloem (1mark)
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2. In a certain bird species, flight feathers are either red or white in colour. After mating the two pure lines,
the heterozygous condition results into pink flight feathers.

(a) (i) By use of a genetic diagram, determine the genotypes of a cross between a male with pink flight
feathers and a female with white flight feathers. (4marks)
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(ii) Which type of dominance is illustrated above? (1mark)
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b) (i) Identify the nucleic acid whose base sequence is shown below: (1mark)

G-A-C-U-A-G-A-C-G
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(ii) If the nucleic acid above was involved in protein synthesis, how many amino acids would be
present in the protein synthesized? Give a reason for your answer
Number of amino acids (1mark)
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Reason (1mark)
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3. The figure below shows apparatus at the start of an experiment to investigate the digestion of an
emulsion of fat droplets in water by enzyme A.

Visking tubing

Emulsion of fat droplets in

water + Enzyme A
Water + pH
indicator
Tightly tied

The pH indicator is green in a pH of 7, blue when the pH is above 7 and red when it is below 7. The
apparatus is kept at 40oC for 20 minutes during which time the indicator changes from green to red.
(a) (i) State the identity of enzyme A. (1mark)
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(ii) Account for the change in pH from green to red in the set up above after 20 minutes (3marks)
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(b) Explain why the apparatus was kept at 40 0C. (1mark)
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(c) (i) Name an organelle that has the same property as the visking tubing. (1mark)
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(ii) Name the part of the alimentary canal where the process illustrated in the set up above occurs. (1mark)
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(d) Explain the biological significance of fats in aquatic animals (1mark)
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4. A student set up an experiment as shown in the diagram below.

Light

Box with black paint

Seedlings

The set up was left for 6 days.

(a) Name type of response being investigated (1mark)
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(b) Account for the results likely to be made after 6 days (3marks)
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c) In another experiment, a student placed a seedling horizontally on moist cotton wool. Later the shoot
grew upwards while the radicle grew downwards. Explain why the radicle showed a downward
curvature. (2marks)
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d) A form four student carefully studied a leaf grown in their school botanical garden. The leaf
immediately folded when an insect landed on it. After sometime the student forced the leaf to open to find
out what had happened.
(i) Name the type of response shown by the plant (1mark)
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(ii) State the importance of this response to the plant . (1mark)
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5.The diagram below shows a process that takes place in the structure K and L of the female reproductive
system during fertilization.

K
M

L
S

(a) (i)Suggest the identity of process R (1mark)

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(ii)Name hormone responsible for process R (1mark)
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(iii) Besides facilitating process R, state two functions of the hormone named in (ii) above (2marks)
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(b) (i) Name the type of pregnancy resulting from implantation in structure K (1mark)
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(ii) Explain two adaptations of structure K to its function (2marks)
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(c) Name one mammalian organ in which the counter current flow occurs (1mark)
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 SECTION B (40 MARKS)
Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after.
6. There are slightly more than seven thousand leucocytes per cubic millimeter of blood of an average
healthy human being. However, the number changes sharply following an infection. The table below
shows the concentration of leucocytes in man after a bacterial infection
Time in hours 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48
Number of bacteria per mm3 of blood (x103) 0 0.5 1.5 3.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 2.0 0
Number of leucocytes per mm3 of blood (x103) 7.0 7.0 10.0 13.0 14.0 14.0 13.0 12.0 10.0
(a) Plot curves of number of the number of bacteria and leucocytes in blood against time (8marks)

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 (b) What is the concentration of bacteria and leucocytes in blood at 21 hours after infection? (2marks)
Bacteria………………………………………………………………………………………………
Leucocytes……………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) What is the role of leucocytes in the human body? (1mark)
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(d) Account for the relationship between the number of bacteria and that of leucocytes in the human blood
as observed in the above data. (3marks)
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(e) Explain why the number of leucocytes does not change in an individual’s body with increase in
altitude (1mark)
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(f) Give two sites where leucocytes are formed in the human body. (2marks)
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(g) Name a disease caused by excess production of leucocytes (1mark)
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(h) Outline two structural differences between leucocytes and erythrocytes. (2marks)
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7. Giving examples, describe the following interactions among organisms (20marks)

(a) Predator-prey
(b) Symbiosis
(c) Parasitism
8. (a) Outline the changes that takes place in a flower after fertilization (6marks)
(b)How does the skin function as a thermoregulatory organ in a hot sunny day? (14marks)

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