CUSTOMIZED VIDEO CONFERENCING

SYSTEM

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SANGAMI C K
191IG128

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
SATHYAMANGALAM-638401

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

NOVEMBER 2022

1
Assistant Professor Level III

Scanned by CamScanner
 DECLARATION

I/We affirm that the project work titled “CUSTOMIZED VIDEO

CONFERENCING SYSTEM” being submitted in partial fulfilment for
the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in ‘Information
Science and Engineering’ is the record of original work done by us under
the guidance of Ms. Poornima A, Assistant Professor. It has not formed a
part of any other project work(s) submitted for the award of any degree or
diploma, either in this or any other University.

(Signature of candidate) (Signature of candidate)

SANGAMI C K SUBALAKSHMI S
(191IG128) (191IG137)

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I/We would like to enunciate heartfelt thanks to our esteemed Chairman Dr.
S. V. Balasubramaniam, Trustee Dr. M. P. Vijayakumar, and the respected
Principal Dr. C. Palanisamy for providing excellent facilities and support during
the course of study in this institute.
We are grateful to Ms. Nandhini SS, H O D , Information Science and
Engineering for her valuable suggestions to carry out the project work successfully.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Project Co-Ordinator Ms.

Poornima A, Assistant Professor, for his/her constructive ideas, inspirations,
encouragement, and much needed technical support extended to complete our
project work.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Faculty guide Name,

Designation, Department for his/ her constructive ideas, inspirations,
encouragement, excellent guidance, and much needed technical support
extended to complete our project work.

We would like to thank our friends, faculty and non-teaching staff who
have directly and indirectly contributed to the success of this project.

SANGAMI C K

SUBALAKSHMI S

4
 ABSTRACT

Due to the epidemic in the recent years, many firms now use video conferencing for
remote work. The software used for video conferencing, which enables people to
interact visually, is described in this paper. It has applications across many different
sectors. Internet connectivity problems are a common problem for users of virtual video
conferencing software, which degrades the audio and video quality. Several operating
systems and browsers are unsuitable for a variety of applications. Security takes an
inevitable part in this application. Despite the hassle of setting up video Conferencing
occurs because, of the limited number of attendees at the similar time as they want for
spacious, fully equipped meeting rooms. For a big company, this might not be an issue
but obtaining the facilities might be difficult for small and medium-sized businesses as
it has very high rental costs or is totally impractical. This objective of the paper is to
design and to implement an open-source video conferencing prototype Jitsi that
overcomes the barriers of meeting.

Keywords: Video conferencing, Jitsi, video and audio communication.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER No. TITLE PAGE No.

ACKNOWLEGEMENT 4

ABSTRACT 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS
6

1. INTRODUCTION 8

1.1 OBJECTIVES 10

1.2 WORK PLAN 10

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 11

2.1 RELATED WORKS 11

2.1.1 Skype 12

2.1.2 Q audio Conf 12

2.1.3 Cisco Webex Meeting 12

2.1.4 Google Meet 12

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3. METHODOLOGY PROPOSED 13

3.1 AUDIO CONFERENCING 13

3.2 VIDEO CONFERENCING 14

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 22

4.1 VIDEO CONFERENCING WITH JITSI 23

4.1.1 Video Bridge Connection 24

5. CONCLUSION 29

REFERENCES 30

WORK CONTRIBUTION 32

PLAGIARISM REPORT 34

CERTIFICATES (Conference/Project presentations) 36

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 MAIN CHAPTERS
CHAPTER 1
1. INTRODUCTION

A kind of teleconferencing that uses both audio as well as video is known as "video-
based teleconferencing." It is a real-time video link between individuals in distinct
locations for communication purposes or interaction [2].

It is one among the most popular technologies in higher education for encouraging
learners' self-directed use of technology in a synchronous way is videoconferencing,
that could be accessible by web, desktop, or mobile.

Video conferencing is an electronic form of communication, facilitating communication

and enabling you to hold business meetings, conferences, and seminars. This kind of
communication saves time and money, which is important. Less than a second of
latency is needed for this video conferencing. Hence, the protocols should be able to
support negotiation of bit rates, codecs, broadcast methods.

Only Flash-based protocols, RTMP/RTSP, WebRTC, and SDLP provide the minimum
latency in browsers, and only the latter two can function without plugins. Aside from
that P2P (peer-to-peer) data transfer mode is supported by WebRTC directly within the
same network through intermediary TURN servers, which theoretically allows for the
removal of servers that transcode, cutting communication bandwidth channels and free
up space on central servers.
When the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic occurred, numerous online meetings and

8
work are both common. Numerous users have chosen regarding Zoom, a free video
conferencing tool. Experts continue to uncover weaknesses in Zoom such as connecting
to other people's discussions and moving data from an iOS application to Facebook,
lack of complete encryption, and potential for stealing password for your Windows
account to access macOS completely. However, it was discovered that these services
were vulnerable to different shortcomings, including the "Zumba bombing." Here is
when a stranger joins an online conference and make interruptions during the gathering.
Consequently, it is still preferable to adopt a more secure and solution for private video
conferencing.

The output of video communication in education, using the internet for distance
learning, it has unique qualities [8],[9]. The inability of the presenter to directly
influence the level of the listeners' engagement with the channel necessitates consistent
monitoring and comments on the video's faults and quality [5],[6] and [7]. The
developed platform enables instruction in videoconferencing settings. This made it
necessary to investigate ways to develop a program that supports the data protection
while video conference.

We utilize Jitsi in our project because it offers the essential technology that enables you
to launch your own video conferencing service which is deployable using a virtual
server. Jitsi is a free and open-source application that enables you to protect the calls
and conferences using audio and video, streaming, and desktop file transmission,
instant chatting, and many others. You can use it without creating an account, and the
application operates in a browser by itself. The capacity to combine audio and create is
the reason why Jitsi is required to initiate the conference calls. That was, how the
conferences were initially put in action.

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1.1 OBJECTIVES

• To encourage the peoples in the society participate in all the activities by availing the
access to necessary resources through video-conferencing.

• To propose the video conference as a connecting tool for identifying development in

their respective field.

• The features should be simple to use without needing support from technicians and
helps to make conferences easier to set up and to make it better in operation. It must
be readily accessible.

1.2 WORK PLAN

• Building splash screen, login and sign-up layouts using android studios.

• Connecting the application to the Google Firebase for the email authentication and to
store user’s data.

• Jitsi Server is used in the backend which promises high-quality audio and video
along with lower latency.

10
 CHAPTER 2
2. LITERATURE REVIEW

The most popular technology for virtual meetings is video conferencing, which has uses
in corporate, medical, military, and educational meetings. The late 1990s saw the
introduction of video conferencing, which is widely used today. The pandemic era has
seen an unprecedented rise in the numerous video-conferencing apps download. The
market for video-conferencing is Transparency Market Research projects that by the
end of 2027, the market would have grown to $11.56 billion.

Using video conferencing Numerous benefits, such as reduced travel expenses, virtual
meetings, time savings, and so forth. We have produced a feature-rich video
conferencing program can be beneficial for this. Prior research on the value of
videoconferencing has highlighted a large amount of difficulties, including network
problems, hardware, security, audio and visual quality, etc.

Soon, video conferencing will not only be a convenience for companies; those who
want to remain competitive will require it. Currently, 45 percent of workers utilize
video communications at work either daily or weekly, making up 59 percent of all
users. Nearly half of those surveyed claim that watching videos at work has increased
since a year ago. According to the survey, 27% of personal usage has decreased
throughout the similar time frame.

2.1 RELATED WORKS

There are various options for video conferencing, including Cisco WebEx Meeting,
Q audio Conf, and Skype.

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2.1.1 Skype: Skype is a program that enables you to send and receive text
messages, files, and audio/video conversations over the Internet. The first release
of this web application, which have been established for voice communication,
happened in 2003. Recent events since, having been one of the pioneering
websites to adopt VoIP technology.

2.1.2 Q audio Conf: QCONF uses WebRTC technology to offer low-cost, high-
quality, secure world-wide audio conferencing. At present 50 nation offers audio
conferencing services over secure local access lines. There is just one set fee per
conference call, it doesn’t matter how many participants join or how long you
speak. Online and mobile tools that are simple to use for organizing and managing
meetings.

2.1.3 Cisco WebEx Meeting: Video conference Cisco meeting a versatile audio
and video conferencing system for businesses of all sizes is WebEx. Numerous
meetings can be held simultaneously using Cisco WebEx, allowing participants to
communicate in real time. For extensive marketing, this web conferencing
software is also highly recommended for events and instructional sessions.

2.1.4 Google Meet: A video communication service developed by Google is

called Meet. One of two applications—the other being Google Chat— replaces
Google Hangouts. Due to Google Meet's close integration with Google Suite,
scheduling meetings through the Event Calendar is a breeze.

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 CHAPTER 3
3. METHODOLOGY PROPOSED

3.1 AUDIO CONFERENCING

Jitsi Meet is a comprehensive video conferencing tool with web, Android, and iOS
clients. For communications between small groups of 2 to 10 persons, we run Jitsi
Meet. Initially, we held conferences when small teams might gather and engage in
conversation. We investigated and evaluated several XMPP and SIP server. When
we initially implemented it, using Jitsi to be able to organize conferences and
combine sounds calls.

Fig.1 Ad hoc audio conferencing with Jitsi

13
Any user can "register" with one of these gateways, giving the information required
to logon to the network, and can associate with the other network clients as if they
were users throughout the network. Accordingly, any client that fully supports
XMPP may connect to any network that has gateways without adding any new
client-side code, and without requiring direct Internet access from the client.

Because of the restricted nature of the commercial IM services, the gateway

implementation—which is unique to the XMPP server—is unstable. For the purpose
of creating the video conferencing, we developed a user-friendly interface that allows
you to display the full list of the participants in video conferences, and the capacity
for all Participants to access the activity. Extended RTP and XMPP were used for
implementing such choices.

3.2 VIDEO CONFERENCING

After adding audio to Jitsi, we implemented video using video streams so that
attendees could interact with each other during the call and share slides or present
screens using the desktop sharing features. It is simple to combine audio and video
with Jitsi on the client side. On the server side, things are regrettably not as easy.
Because combining different types of video content necessitates a processing
apparatus.

When combining video material, you have to first decode every frame that comes in
(one for each participant), then zoom out each frame, make composite images, and
finally re-encode them. The frame rate is 25 frames per second, and 25 compositions,
25 downscaling, and 25 encodings for a typical non-HD picture stream.
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According to the information above, here arises an issue with the audio property that
is demonstrated by the fact that an echo will if any issues arise during audio
broadcasting, everyone could exactly see the same video stream along with their
self-reflection. The circumstance can be handled by employing unique mixtures for
each attendee, despite the reason that this visibly add to the workload in
conferences that contains mixed content. In spite of the scenario described above,
modern video conferencing users send the same streams—video from a system or
webcam, instead of only getting one stream in exchange, they receive everything
present in the other people's packages directly in the way they were dispatched.

A technology that enables the exercise of a shortened server on the terminal for
encoding video layer by layer. The image resolution arises with each layer; therefore,
the server does not require to recode anything when the video is transmitted to the
other terminal. It is good, if you select enough layers to ensure that the resolution is
compatible with both the terminal as well as the communication channel.

The terminal may also set up complete video feeds in a variety of resolutions (such
CIF, SD, and HD). In this instance, the server's job also consists of choosing the
necessary stream that needs to be delivered to a different terminal. Using these
adaptations, the MCU server efficiently becomes a video-stream router.

15
 Fig.2 Video-streaming router

The potential amount of video conferencing devices has increased as a solution of the
advancement of the WebRTC technology, it enables you to take part in video
conference calls, through a search engine without the requirement to install any
additional web applications or to download a plug-in. The server used for video
conferencing must maintain efficient quality of service (QoS) methods, such as
traffic prioritization, and the capacity to work on the packet loss channels.

16
The server should ideally support advancements that enables for up to 1% of packets
to be exercised to make up for packet loss. Up until 5% of packets can be sent
without significant image quality deterioration. Further adding another a decline in
bandwidth and/or a decline in the range of the communication channel. The most
crucial streams must be permitted namely those that convey audio information. It
does not bother even if the video is lost, audio can always deliver the required
information, hence voice interaction is supported at the most crucial movement.

We are employing a more effective strategy. They are delivered straightly as they
were sent rather than receiving it from single stream. User agents can exhibit them
after receiving the specific streams in either their chosen users or in any way that
they had chosen. The standard is better due to encoding video streams just once. That
is without the demand for extra encoding, scaling, or decoding, the outcome is steady
latency.

Video relaying typically uses a limited number of resources than mixing. If carried
out properly, the procedure even be excercised in routers, which is more significant.

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 Fig.3 Relayed video conferencing system

Jitsi Meet is a JavaScript program that utilizes WebRTC and can connect to Jitsi
Video bridge (a gateway for broadcasting video streams to the participants of the
video conference). On a steadfast server, we conducted the tests for Jitsi Meet. The
server provided all the services for Jitsi Meet: web server (nginx), (Prosody)XMPP
server and Jitsi Video bridge.

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While testing revealed that the Jitsi had an issue, that is overburden the video bridge
cannot send a big volume of traffic. Browsers are being used to fill sufficient
conferences probably call for hundreds or possibly thousands of systems.

The full star topology is applied to tackle this issue and organize a meeting. This
topology allows for infiltrating traffic from any other, put together with Jitsi Video
bridge endpoints receive any endpoint's transmission. We have got streams A * (A-1)
pulling out from the video bridge (and arriving A-1) in this configuration.

Jitsi Video bridge is an XMPP server component that enables multi-user video
interaction. When compared to expensive devoted hardware video bridges, is that it
does not combine different video channels to organize a composite video, but just
distributes the obtained video channels to everyone who are taking part in the call.
The power of the processor does not get to do its task.

Jitsi Meet is compatible with features like system and window automated alternating
to the active speaker's video, sharing screen, presentation, and cooperative document
editing in Ether-pad sharing, audio, a YouTube conference stream, participants can
connect during conferences through the Jitsi phone, "Talk at the touch of a button"
mode, gateway, and password protection, sending URL invitations, and Text
messages.

Whenever a data transfer is seen between a client and a server, it is encrypted

(provided the server is operating at full capacity). Jitsi Meet is a stand-alone software
that is available (including iOS and Android) and as a library for integration
into webpages. In common, Jitsi is one among the great video conference platform
overall which is easily developed and incorporated on the Linux family systems.

19
We developed the Jitsi Meet conferencing and application window inter- connected
with users together with a full functionality of the web to which the participants have
access on the official Jitsi repository. Making use of the buildfile, to creating an
application and we put together files and libraries all at once.

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 Fig.4 Build-file

In other way, by utilizing unique streams, user agents could exhibit them in any way
that they or users choose. A numerous advantage when encoding video streams once:
- the quality is greatly improved; the delay does not rise. By alternating mashing with
relaying, much limited resources are being used.

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 CHAPTER 4
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Fig.6 Login page

Fig.7 Sign up Page

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4.1 VIDEO CONFERENCING WITH JITSI

A SIP or XMPP server that is used to join conferences is not Jitsi Videobridge. It is a
server component that could be operated remotely. The Jitsi Videobridge is a server-
side media player component that combines video and audio. Implementation and
scalability are one of its primary objectives. It was discovered during the experiment
that the rise in the amount of endpoints in each one of which is a destination in which
traffic from all the others is supplied and encrypted, the exact video stream count
increases in a quadratic fashion and generates a load, A = 9, 14, 19, 27, 34 in our test.

On Jitsi Videobridge, we exercised the Last N mode for the conference, to supply
and display only the most current speakers.

The quantity of streams and bit rate must be determined while creating a load. With a
lot of video streams, that the goal is to establish the similar CPU resources and
bandwidth that are necessary, if 1,000 endpoints gets a stream or 100 endpoints gets
ten each.

C++ programming language is exercised to create Gnugk Videobridge, server

functionality is based on H323Plus. There are little errors in this conference's
writing, which was hastily drafted, the code is difficult to navigate, yet I believe there
is potential huge in size.

We developed an XMPP-based WebRTC video bridge, it functions as a component

of the server and offers the following benefits: We developed a WebRTC-friendly
video bridge using XMPP, a component of the server that offers a numerous benefits,
including:
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 - simplicity of authentication, or the moment a reliable connection is established to
the proper server, it obtains the correct "from" when requests addresses. everything
that is left to do is confirm these addresses synchronize with the domain for which it
has been set.

- simplicity of integrating video bridge into different installations, i.e., no

requirement to uphold an authentication policy or keep a customer base Protocol
discovery is possible with XMPP.

A request can be made by the XMPP client to its server with ease. You obtain a list
of all components that are offered and their supported features. Despite these
advantages, Jitsi will only increase its video bridge capabilities in settings in which
they are truly be put to use.

4.1.1 VIDEO BRIDGE CONNECTION

VoIP trapezoid is utilized to establish connection between users to the signaling

server authorized for their domain. To start, modify or end a call, the servers are
exercised.

You need either applications or equipment user agent to use SIP and XMPP whose
IP addresses and port numbers should be included when making, ending, or
amending a call, and then employ them to interchange of media. By utilizing
protocols in the model, multimedia, and signal transfer take place in numerous
ways.

24
 Fig.8 SIP trapezoid

As previously stated, the Colibri protocol permits conference organizers to

communicate with the video bridge as if they were interacting with it locally. But
rather than locally, clients assign ports and distribute them across a distant
component.

The methodology by which conference organizers used to assign port numbers

before making a call over the video bridge. It uses the address and port
information received from the bridge to simply establishes consistent meetings
with other participants.

The conference attendees will then move the media to the video bridge and receive
it from there. The conference organizer then has the choice to decide to add more
information to the participation list.

25
Fig.9 Channel Allocation

Fig.10 Session Initiation

26
 Fig.11 Media Relaying

The conference organizer is special since it can communicate with direct signaling
to a video bridge. And any of them are permitted among the other participants to
can encourage this conversation or make use of certain signaling protocol. The
video bridge is now implemented in the Jitsi system in the XMPP Jingle call.

The SIP and XMPP protocols and the WebRTC architecture are similar as they
have similar separate signaling and media. The same protocols are utilized by
WebRTC for media transfer (SRTP) and NAT traversal (ICE).

27
The outcome of the task defined in this paper was produced by us of Jitsi Video
bridge that are compatible with the browsers. To design such a solution the
following tasks were completed:

-SSRC reallocations; DTLS/SRTP key implementation accordance support;

- Trigger ICE. This made it possible to use Jitsi Videobridge is used in clean
deployments or WebRTC where either XMPP clients or SIP and browsers work
together.

Fig.12 Conference Call with Jitsi

28
 CHAPTER 5
5. CONCLUSION

Today's most sophisticated and dependable video conferencing servers are software
programs built on servers with standard architecture. They provide the best quality-
reliability-cost manufacturability ratio. These platforms are just as adaptable as they are
simply customizable and adaptable to every organization's needs. When selecting
software platforms, we concentrate on their technological specs of the hardware, the
platform's compatibility with the solutions that you or the environment already have in
the organizations that you will use video to connect with. Nevertheless, WebRTC
support will not be unnecessary.

Jitsi Videobridge was developed for an open-source video. Conferencing project was
crucial, with the requirement that further acceptance.
The capacity to support mobile clients, use (SVC), simulcast or simultaneous
broadcasting, relay, and undertake this project in the future will be necessary for
enormous conferences.

Additionally, Jitsi Videobridge uses switchable or selective video relaying to only relay
certain streams, which can be displayed on mobile phone devices, because it is mobile-
friendly. By optimizing bandwidth usage and minimizing error resilience together with
the usability, SVC and simulcast are important.
Retransmission strategies are needed to support online classes and large-scale
conferences.

The privacy procedure has one flaw, specifically the data on the Jitsi Meet server being
encrypted and then being re-encrypted. Installing the Jitsi Meet program is the result for
moving around this on a private server under your management, so all information stays
secure.
29
 REFERENCES

[1] Rhinow, Florian, Pablo Porto Veloso, Carlos Puyelo, Stephen Barrett, and Eamonn
O. Nuallain. "P2P live video streaming in WebRTC." In Computer Applications and
Information Systems (WCCAIS), 2014 World Congress on, pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2014.

[2] Liu, Jiangchuan, Sanjay G. Rao, Bo Li, and Hui Zhang. "Opportunities and
challenges of peer-to-peer internet video broadcast." Proceedings of the IEEE 96, no. 1
(2008): 11-24.

[3] J. Rosenberg, R. Mahy, P. Matthews, D. Wing, RFC 5389: Session Traversal

Utilities for NAT (STUN). Internet Engineering Task Force, Octobre 2008.

[4] Rohan Mahy, Philippe Matthews, et Jonathan Rosenberg, RFC 5766: Traversal
Using Relays around NAT(TURN): Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for
NAT (STUN). Internet Engineering Task Force, Avril 2010.

[5] Koh, Eunyee. "Conferencing room for telepresence with remote participants." In
Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Supporting group work, pp.
309-310. ACM, 2010.

[6] Isaacs, Ellen A., and John C. Tang. "What video can and cannot do for
collaboration: a case study." Multimedia Systems 2, no. 2 (1994): 63-73.

[7] AF. Abate, M. Nappi, O. Riccio and G. Sabatino,"2D and 3D face recognition: A
survey," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 28, no. 14, pp. 1885-1906, October 2007.

[8] R. Gottumukkal and V.K.Asari, "An improved face recognition technique based on
modular PCA approach," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 429-436,
March 2004.

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[9] E. Ivov, E. Marocco, and J. Lennox (December 2011) "A Real-time Transport
Protocol (RTP) Header Extension for Mixer-to-Client Audio Level Indication." Internet
Engineering Task Force RFC 6465 (Status: Standards Track). ISSN: 2070-1721

[10] E. Ivov, and E. Marocco "XEP-0298: Delivering Conference Information to Jingle

Participants (Coin)." XMPP Standards Foundation, XEP-0298, 2015-07-02.

31
 WORK CONTRIBUTION
TITLE: CUSTOMIZED VIDEO CONFERENCING SYSTEM

NAME: SANGAMI C K ROLL NO: 191IG128

This project requires knowledge about various video conferencing system. I had
searched for the article which were related to video conferencing and went
through the articles to get a clear idea on the topic. Then researched about the
beneficiaries of this project. I had studied about the application and usefulness of
this project. I have also helped in collecting materials required for project. I have
prepared result and conclusion part in report.

Signature of the student

SANGAMI C K
 TITLE: CUSTOMIZED VIDEO CONFERENCING SYSTEM

NAME: SUBALAKSHMI S ROLL NO: 191IG137

This project starts with the literature review. I had searched for the article which
were related to video conferencing and went through the articles to get a clear
idea on the topic. Then researched about the beneficiaries of this project. I had
studied about the application and usefulness of this project. I have also helped in
collecting materials required for project. I have also helped in report in review
and literature part.

Signature of the student

SUBALAKSHMI S
 The Report is Generated by DrillBit Plagiarism Detection Software

Submission Information

Author Name SANGAMI

Title SANGAMI
Paper/Submission ID 649951
Submission Date 2022-11-08 15:39:22
Total Pages 25
Document type Project Work

Result Information

Similarity 3%
10 20 90

Sources Type Report Content

Quotes
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Journal/ Internet
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Words <
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References/Bibliography Not Excluded
Sources: Less than 14 Words Similarity Not Excluded
Excluded Source 0%
Excluded Phrases Not Excluded

A Unique QR Code use to View/Download/Share Pdf File

DrillBit Similarity Report

A-Satisfactory (0-10%)

3
B-Upgrade (11-40%)

6 A C-Poor (41-60%)
D-Unacceptable (61-100%)
SIMILARITY % MATCHED SOURCES GRADE

LOCATION MATCHED DOMAIN % SOURCE TYPE

1 Video Conference Integrated Tool for Identifying CSF in Education Publication

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Development i by Alhlak-2012

2 inba.info Internet Data

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3 findwords.info Internet Data

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4 Technology transfer combining educational resources and industrial Publication

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 CERTIFICATES
(Conference/Project presentations)