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Current Electricity Answer Key

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Current Electricity Answer Key

Uploaded by

juanfateen5888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Current Electricity Worksheet Answer Key

1-Mark Questions
1. Current is the flow of electric charge, while conventional current as-
sumes positive charge flows from positive to negative terminals.

2. The SI unit of current is the Ampere (A).


3. Drift velocity decreases with increasing temperature due to increased
random collisions.
4. Relaxation time decreases with increasing temperature as electrons col-
lide more frequently.

5. The Voltage vs. Current graph represents resistance, and its SI unit
is Ohm ().
6. The resistance vs. radius graph decreases as radius increases, since
R ∝ r12 .

7. The resistance vs. temperature graph for metals shows a linear in-
crease.
8. Alloys have higher resistivity and lower temperature coefficients than
pure metals.

9. The current flowing through a wire can be calculated using:


Q
I=
t
where Q = 2.25 × 1020 electrons × charge of electron.
10. EMF is the energy supplied per unit charge by a cell.
11. Conductivity of electrolytes increases with temperature.
12. Ohmic conductors follow Ohm’s Law (e.g., copper, aluminum).

13. Non-ohmic devices do not follow Ohm’s Law (e.g., diodes, transistors).
14. The V-I graph for GaAs is nonlinear.

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15. Metals have a positive temperature coefficient, whereas semiconduc-
tors have a negative temperature coefficient.
16. Two substances with a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity
are copper and aluminum.

17. Two substances with a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity


are silicon and germanium.
18. The resistivity of metals increases with temperature.

19. The resistivity of semiconductors decreases with temperature.


20. The terminal potential difference is the voltage across the terminals
when current flows.

Multiple Choice Questions


1. (b) Decrease in relaxation time.
2. (b) Mobility.
3. (d) Electrons.

4. (b) Electric current.


5. (c) The average velocity of a free electron is zero over time.
6. (d) Independent of the area of cross-section.
7. (b) Motion of conduction electrons due to the electric field.

8. (a) Cu, Ag, Au.


9. (a) Increase in temperature.
10. (a) Nichrome gets heated first.

Assertion and Reasons


1. (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explana-
tion of the assertion.

2. (a) Both assertion and reason are true.

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2-Mark Questions
1. Drift velocity is the average velocity attained by electrons in a conductor
due to the applied electric field. It explains current flow as the movement
of electrons in the direction opposite to the electric field.
2. The relation between drift velocity (vd ) and current (I) is:
I = nAevd
where:
• n is the number density of electrons,
• A is the cross-sectional area,
• e is the charge of an electron,
• vd is the drift velocity.
3. Relaxation time (τ ) is the average time between two successive collisions
of electrons in a conductor. Its SI unit is seconds (s). As temperature
increases, τ decreases because collisions between electrons become more
frequent.
4. Using the formula for resistance:
L
R=ρ
A
where:
• L = 15 m,
• A = 6.0 × 10−7 m2 .
The resistance can be calculated.
5. The resistance of a conductor depends on:
L
R=ρ
A
where R is resistance, L is length, A is cross-sectional area, and ρ is
resistivity.
6. Drift velocity vd = µE, where µ is the electron mobility. With a poten-
tial difference of 6V, a length of 0.12m, and mobility 5.6 × 10−6 m2 /Vs,
drift velocity can be calculated.
7. For the number density of free electrons:
I
n=
eAvd
Using given values for current (1 A), area, electron mobility, and the charge
of an electron.

3
8. The current corresponding to an electron moving in a circle is given by:
e
I=
T
2πr
where T is the time period, T = v .

9. To find the temperature coefficient of resistivity of silver, use the


formula:
Rt − R0
α=
R0 (Tt − T0 )
where Rt and R0 are the resistances at temperatures Tt and T0 .
10. Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an
electric circuit, given by:
P = IV
Electric energy is the total energy used, W = P t. SI units are Watt
(W) for power and Joules (J) for energy.
11. Conductivity (σ) is the inverse of resistivity (ρ). The SI unit is S/m
(siemens per meter). Conductivity decreases with temperature for
metallic conductors due to increased electron collisions.

3-Mark Questions
1. Variation of resistivity with temperature:
• Copper: Resistivity increases linearly with temperature.
• Nichrome: Resistivity increases slightly but less steeply than cop-
per.
• Silicon: Resistivity decreases with temperature.
The behavior is explained using the formula:

ρ(T ) = ρ0 [1 + α(T − T0 )]

where α is the temperature coefficient.


2. For two cells connected in series:
• Equivalent EMF (E):

E = E1 + E2

• Equivalent internal resistance (r):

r = r1 + r2

4
3. For the cell with EMF E and internal resistance r:
• Voltage across the terminals V = E − Ir,
• Using Ohm’s law, I = V
R,

the expression for internal resistance r is:


E−V
r= R
V
A circuit diagram will have a resistor R in series with the cell.

5-Mark Questions
1. Resistivity (ρ) is the property of a material that opposes the flow of
electric current. The SI unit is ohm-meter (m).

• Copper: Linear increase in resistivity with temperature.


• Nichrome: Slight increase with temperature.
• Semiconductors: Decrease in resistivity with temperature.

The mathematical expression for resistivity is:

ρ(T ) = ρ0 [1 + α(T − T0 )]

where α is the temperature coefficient of resistivity, T is the temperature.

2. Variation of resistivity:
• Metals: Resistivity increases with temperature due to increased elec-
tron collisions.
• Semiconductors: Resistivity decreases with temperature as more
charge carriers are available.
• Insulators: Very high resistivity that decreases slightly with tem-
perature.
The temperature coefficient of resistivity (α) defines how resistivity
changes with temperature:
1 dρ
α=
ρ0 dT
The SI unit of α is K−1 (Kelvin inverse).

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