Substations and HV Areas

Safe Work Handbook

Power System Safety Rules
 This Handbook covers the Power System Safety Rules requirements for
working in substations, switchyards and High Voltage areas. The handbook
aims to help you be a safe worker and gain your authorisation to work on
Transgrid's High Voltage (HV) network.

It has been written in plain, easy to understand language and is a working

interpretation of the Power System Safety Rules, known to everybody as the
PSSR.

The PSSR and this handbook are reviewed and updated periodically. Check
our website at https://www.transgrid.com.au/working-at-transgrid/workplace-
safety for the latest information.

In this handbook, the words ‘must’ or ‘must not’ are used for rules that you
have to follow. The words ‘should’ or ‘should not’ are used when explaining
safe and low-risk work practices.

Document Control
Revision no: 2 HP TRIM D2023/02496 Approval/ 12 March 2024
no: Review date:
Business Health, Safety & Environment Document Work Instruction
function: type:
Process GM/Health, Safety & Environment
owner:
Author: J Mason, PSSR Lead/Health Safety & Environment
Reviewers: M Gorton, Technical Trainer/People, Culture & Safety
Approver: J McMurtrie, GM/Health, Safety & Environment

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Introduction
The Substation and HV Area Handbook covers the Power System Safety Rules (PSSR) you
need to know to work safely in substations, switchyards and High Voltage areas. It’s essential
reading for anyone working on Transgrid's High Voltage (HV) network. It aims to prepare you
for the HV network environment and reduce your risk when working in hazardous areas or
situations.

This handbook is the main resource to get your Substation authorisation via the Worker
Safety Authorisation and Training (WSAT) system. It supports training courses, which you
must pass to get your worker authorisation.

Read this handbook to check the rules, understand your responsibilities and learn safe
working behaviour.

There are also similar handbooks for Transmission Lines, Transmission Cables, Low Voltage
Mechanical, Mobile Plant and Field Operations and more available at
www.transgrid.com.au/working-at-transgrid/workplace-safety.

In this handbook, the words ‘must’ or ‘must not’ are used for rules that you have to follow. The
words ‘should’ or ‘should not’ are used when explaining safe and low-risk work practices.

Remember, we all have a responsibility to work safely and look out for each other.

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Contents

Introduction......................................................................................................................................................2

Authorisations .................................................................................................................................................4

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ..........................................................................................................5

Substation Security.........................................................................................................................................6

In an Emergency..............................................................................................................................................6

Power System Notices ....................................................................................................................................7

Hazard Awareness and Control .................................................................................................................. 10

Substations General .................................................................................................................................... 11

Work in Switchyard and HV Areas ............................................................................................................. 17

Supervision of Instructed Persons ............................................................................................................ 34

Power System Access ................................................................................................................................. 38

Working under a HV Access Authority ...................................................................................................... 39

Receipt of a HV Access Authority .............................................................................................................. 46

Receipt of a HV Testing Access Authority ................................................................................................ 53

Issue HV Access Authority ......................................................................................................................... 56

Safe Approach Distances to Exposed Conductors .................................................................................. 66

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Authorisations

The Power System Safety Rules (PSSR) authorisations are permissions to

Substations
access an area, perform a type of work, apply a specific control, or execute a
Hazard Awareness & Control

controlled process. Persons whose intended work duration is more than 3

Substations General
days cumulative over 12 months should be authorised under the PSSR.

Getting your PSSR authorisation is a journey and depending where you will
Work in HV Areas
be working on our High Voltage Network, you might get one authorisation or
many.
Supervise Instructed
Persons
There are authorisations for Transmission Lines, Transmission Cables, Low
Voltage Mechanical, Mobile Plant and Field Operations and more that can be
Substation HV
found in the PSSR Authorisation Structure.
Working under a HV
Access Authority A PSSR authorisation gives you access to work but also brings
responsibility. It’s a commitment between you and Transgrid to work safely
Power System Access

and look out for each other.

Receipt of a HV
Access Authority
In Substations, it starts with Hazard Awareness and Control, before stepping
up to Power System Access. To help build understanding, authorisations and
Receipt of a HV
Testing Access related training courses are in small modules that match the authorisation
Authority table shown here. You must be assessed competent in an authorisation
before you can move onto the next level.
Issue HV Access
Authority
Apprentices and trainees can also get PSSR authorisation but must not be
left to work unsupervised in a hazardous area.

When you get your authorisation, do not abuse, or misuse it. If you do, you may lose your authorisation and
access to work at Transgrid.

If you are unsure of how to apply the PSSR correctly, STOP and seek assistance from one of our Safety
team before doing your work.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
You need to wear the following PPE to work in Transgrid substations:
• Long sleeve shirt

• Long trousers

• High visibility shirt

or vest

• Safety footwear

• Safety eyewear

• Protective gloves
(on clip)

When accessing High Voltage (HV) areas you will also need:
• Safety helmet

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Substation Security
Substations and HV areas must be kept secure to stop unauthorised persons entering the site.

When entering a substation:

• Do not allow unauthorised persons to enter the substation.

• Doors and gates:

- must only be unlocked or open when in immediate use;

- must be closed and locked immediately after using; and
- any found open or unlocked, must be closed and locked.

When leaving a substation:

• All doors and gates must be closed and locked; and

• Security alarms reset by the last person to depart.

Contact the Controller if the site cannot be made secure on 02 9620 0121.

In an Emergency
• Remove yourself and anyone who you are supervising to a safe area;

• Ring 555 from any phone in the substation (or 02 96200555 from a mobile) and advise the System
Operator of the nature of the emergency. They will know which substation you are calling from and can
assist with emergency services response; and

• If required to evacuate move to the evacuation assembly area near the main entry gate to the
Substation.

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Power System Notices
Signs and tags identify entry requirements, hazardous areas or conditions.

Identifies a switchyard or HV area containing HV

exposed conductors that maintain standard safety
clearances.

A fully fenced or walled area, with a locked

access, containing HV exposed conductors which
do not maintain standard safety clearances.

Placed at the entrance to a switchyard or HV area

and displays minimum PPE requirements for
entry.

Placed at the entrance to a switchyard or HV area

to indicate the presence of electric and magnetic
fields that may interfere with medical implants.

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 Indicates high voltage testing is in progress and
the area must not be entered.

Indicates the presence of HV conductors adjacent

to a HV Access Authority designated work area. It
is usually used with barriers or additional signs.

HV apparatus operating nameplate. Often shows

the voltage of the conductors.

Transmission line, or cable destination nameplate,

usually affixed to the substation fence. Will show
the voltage of the conductors.

This tag is used to warn of a particular hazard or

temporary condition and allows limited operated
by specifically authorised persons.

This tag is used to warn that the operation of the

device or equipment to which the tag is attached
is likely to be life threatening.

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 Blue Book requirement when working in Victoria.
Indicates the presence of HV conductors adjacent
to a HV Access Authority designated work area.

Blue Book requirement when working in Victoria.

Indicates apparatus under HV Access Authority
conditions.

Blue Book requirement when working in Victoria.

Indicates HV Testing is in progress and the area
must not be entered.

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 Hazard
Awareness and
Control
Substations General

Work in HV Areas

Supervision of Instructed
Persons

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Substations General
General work at a substation within buildings and carparks is carried out by persons authorised Substation
General.

Persons authorised at this level must not enter switchyards or HV areas.

Persons authorised Substation General are allowed to supervise instructed persons specifically engaged to
assist them in carrying out their work. Any instructed persons must be:

• Warned of site-specific risks appropriate for the work being carried out; and
• Adequately supervised at all times to ensure their safety.

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Hazards
Before starting any work, a prestart hazard assessment must take place. At a minimum, the following
hazards must be considered, and appropriate safety controls implemented.

3.1.1. Workplace Risk Assessment and Hazard Board

Every substation has a Workplace Risk Assessment (WRA) and Hazard Board which list hazards and
controls relevant to the site and current conditions. These are normally located in the auxiliary services
building near the Network Operating desk and must be reviewed before commencing work onsite.

The Workplace Risk

Assessment lists
‘permanent’ hazards for
the site.

The Hazard Board lists

temporary conditions to be
aware of.

Sensitive network
operational equipment
such as computer
interfaces must not be
interfered with.

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3.1.2. Relay rooms
Relay or control rooms have sensitive equipment (called apparatus) which may also have exposed Low
Voltage (LV) and Extra Low Voltage (ELV) electrical conductors. Work in progress by others may have
specific hazards.

Excessive vibration or bumping of sensitive apparatus may cause it to inadvertently operate, affecting the
Transgrid Network.

• You must keep yourself and equipment clear of relays, control panels and work by others.
• Do not open or interfere with control panels, cabinets or other operational apparatus.
Touching or contact with exposed Low Voltage (LV) and Extra Low Voltage (ELV) electrical conductors can
cause electric shock, injury or death.

• Safe Approach Distances to exposed LV and ELV conductors for persons must be maintained per the
Safe Approach Distances to Exposed Conductors table.

SAFE APPROACH DISTANCES

Nominal Voltage (V): ELV <50V AC or <120V DC LV >ELV and <1000V AC or <1500V DC
Distance (m)

Persons No contact 0.25 (250mm)

Persons + Insulated contact Insulated contact

+
Persons = Persons authorised 4.1, 4.3, 9.1, 9.2

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3.1.3. Battery rooms
Transgrid battery rooms typically have battery systems of 110V or 240V DC. Different types of batteries
have specific hazards depending upon their voltage, construction and electrolyte.

Controls for battery room hazards are normally listed in the site Workplace Risk Assessment.

• Before working in these areas, ensure controls noted in the Workplace Risk assessment and those on
battery room doors are implemented.

The terminals and connections of these batteries may have exposed conductors and terminals. Touching
or contact with exposed Low Voltage (LV) and Extra Low Voltage (ELV) electrical conductors can cause
electric shock, injury or death.

• Safe Approach Distances to exposed ELV and LV conductors for persons must be maintained per the
Safe Approach Distances to Exposed Conductors table.

SAFE APPROACH DISTANCES

Nominal Voltage (V): ELV <50V AC or <120V DC LV >ELV and <1000V AC or <1500V DC
Distance (m)

Persons No contact 0.25 (250mm)

Persons + Insulated contact Insulated contact

+
Persons = Persons authorised 4.1, 4.3, 9.1, 9.2

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3.1.4. Near Approach to Energised High Voltage Conductors
Substation access roads and carparks may have HV transmission line conductors crossing over them.
Contact with, or near approach to these HV exposed conductors can cause severe injuries or death.

SAFE APPROACH DISTANCE

SAFE APPROACH DISTANCE

Safe Approach Distances for vehicles and mobile plant (to be considered at full extension), must be
maintained per the Safe Approach Distances to Exposed Conductors table.

SAFE APPROACH DISTANCES

Nominal Voltage (kV): 11-33 66 132 220 275 330 500
Distance (m)

Vehicles * 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.9

Vehicles * = Includes mobile plant stowed for transit

Mobile Plant 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0

If there is a risk that these Safe Approach Distances cannot be maintained, a person authorised to carry
out a Mobile Plant Assessment must be consulted.

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3.1.5. Buried Services
Any excavation or digging within a substation car park area has potential for contact with buried services
including electrical cables and earthing.

Before any excavation begins:

• An approved Transgrid Excavation Permit must be issued.

- Where there is potential to break or damage the substation earthing system, the permit will include
any special requirements, such as installation of bridging leads by a person authorised Bridging
Earthing Grids.
- Bridging leads must only be installed or removed by a person authorised Bridging Earthing Grids.

• During excavation work:

- Mobile plant must be connected to the substation earthing system by an approved trailing earth;
- Only non-destructive excavation is to be used within 200mm of known services; and
- A spotter must be present to identify any unexpected services in the area of excavation.

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Work in Switchyard and HV Areas
Work within switchyards or HV areas must be performed by persons authorised Work in HV Areas.
Persons authorised at this level must not supervise instructed persons for work within a switchyard or HV
area.

Hazards
Before starting any work, a prestart hazard assessment must take place. In addition to the hazards outlined
in Work in Buildings and Carparks, the following hazards must be considered, and appropriate safety
controls implemented.

3.3.1. Near Approach to Energised High Voltage Conductors

Contact with, or near approach to High Voltage (HV) exposed conductors can cause severe injuries or
death.

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3.3.1.1. Persons
Switchyards and HV areas are generally constructed so an average person standing under energised HV
conductors can safely put their hand up.

SAFE APPROACH DISTANCE

Safe Approach Distances for persons must be maintained per the Safe Approach Distances to Exposed
Conductors table.

SAFE APPROACH DISTANCES Distance (m)

Nominal Voltage (kV): 11-33 66 132 220 275 330 500

Persons 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.9

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When working in the vicinity of HV conductors, the general rule to maintain Safe Approach Distances is to
stay at ground level and keep your tools and equipment below shoulder height.

Ladders, lengths of conduit or pipe and other long items can be a hazard if not handled correctly to keep
them from coming near High Voltage exposed conductors.

Non-conductive measuring tapes or laser measuring Metal measuring tapes and metal reinforced
devices must be used. A second person should assist to linen measuring tapes must not be used in
prevent wind moving tapes within near approach to HV switchyards and HV areas.
conductors.

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 Fire extinguishers which are marked ‘Suitable for use on Flame is a good conductive medium and care
Electrical Fires’ are intended for use on Low Voltage must be taken when using flame producing
circuits only and must not be used on or near HV equipment near energised High Voltage
apparatus. exposed conductors.

HV conductors covered with tape, rubber or other fabric, must still be treated as exposed HV conductors.

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3.3.1.2. No Go areas
Some HV apparatus is cordoned off in a “High Voltage Cage”, which is a fully fenced or walled area with a
special lock, containing HV exposed conductors which do not maintain standard safety clearances.

These areas can only be accessed after they have been isolated and an Access Authority issued.
If a High Voltage Cage gate is found unlocked, do not enter and report immediately.

3.3.2. Vehicles
Large vehicles and those with long antennae or high loads, could come within minimum safe approach
distances while travelling through a switchyard or HV area.

Defined switchyard and HV area roadways are generally constructed so vehicles less than 2.4m high,
can safely drive under energised HV conductors. Radio aerials must be removed or retracted.

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 Vehicles (and mobile plant stowed for transit) may travel in switchyards and HV areas where Safe
Approach Distances for Vehicles can be maintained.

A person authorised Mobile Plant Assessment must be consulted to determine safe pathways for any
vehicles travelling off defined roadways and for all vehicles over 2.4m high including the load.

SAFE APPROACH DISTANCES

Nominal Voltage (kV): 11-33 66 132 220 275 330 500

(m)
Vehicles * 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.9
Vehicles * = Includes mobile plant stowed for transit

Where there is a possibility of coming within Vehicles – Safe Approach Distances to Exposed Conductors a
person authorised Mobile Plant Assessment must be consulted before any work commences.

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3.3.3. Mobile Plant
Mobile Plant, such as cranes, excavators or elevated work platforms, could come within minimum safe
approach distances while operating in the vicinity of energised HV exposed conductors.

SAFE APPROACH DISTANCE

Safe Approach Distances for mobile plant (considered at full extension) must be maintained per Mobile
Plant – Safe Approach Distances to Exposed Conductors.

SAFE APPROACH DISTANCES

Nominal Voltage (kV): 11-33 66 132 220 275 330 500
Distance (m)

Mobile Plant 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0

Where there is a possibility of coming within Mobile Plant – Safe Approach Distances to Exposed
Conductors a person authorised Mobile Plant Assessment must be consulted before any work commences.

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3.3.4. Induced Voltages and Currents (Induction)
The alternating current that flows through HV conductors in Transgrid’s Substations produce electric and
magnetic fields. The strength of these fields can generate voltages and currents on and in nearby objects
which are not connected to earth.

3.3.4.1. Persons
A person who is insulated from the rest of the substation by the rubber soles on their boots charges up in
this electric field, when brushing against substation structures the resulting discharge is sometimes felt as a
small shock. To avoid discomfort, maintain firm contact with earthed items when working in areas of high
induction.

Some medical implants, such as pacemakers, can be

affected by electric and magnetic fields. If you have such
a device, you must consult your doctor and receive
clearance to enter switchyards or HV areas.

3.3.4.2. Objects
(a) Long metallic objects, such as temporary fences must be earthed at regular intervals.
(b) Large vehicles and mobile plant parked in areas of high induction should be connected to the
substation earthing system.

3.3.4.3. Refuelling

Refuelling of equipment and plant should be carried out in an area away from energised HV conductors.
Where stationary plant which cannot be relocated, a static bonding kit or alternative control measure to
eliminate sparks during refuelling is to be used.

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3.3.4.4. Working on isolated HV apparatus
When working on isolated HV apparatus, induced voltages
and currents (induction) can be caused by nearby live HV Bonding Lead
conductors, high voltage switching or electrical faults in requirements
adjacent equipment.
A bonding lead must be of a
Bonding Leads minimum size of 35mm2
copper and is attached to
Used in combination with Access Authority and mobile
equipment like EWPs using a
plant earthing, a bonding lead provides a low impedance
permanent connection; an
connection between two objects,- which could be at
earthing stub; or a screw action
different voltage, to ensure equipotential conditions are
earthing clamp. The bonding
maintained during work. They can also be used to
lead should be connected to
discharge capacitive voltages off disconnected apparatus,
the conductors using an
which can still be subject to capacitive coupling and
MT815S clamp. So, it is not
subsequent induced voltages.
confused with fault rated
earthing equipment, a bonding
lead must not be yellow.

Where it is not possible to

connect the bonding lead and
MT815S clamp to equipment
such as the T or V join in a
circuit breaker head or the
centre moving contact of a
disconnector, a suitable clamp
connection must be used. The
suitable clamp will depend on
the location where the clamp
will attach to. The clamp used
must consider the risk of
inadvertent contact and ensure
this is controlled. An alternative
clamp must not be used where
a MT815S clamp can be used.

When using bonding leads

remain vigilant as the MT815
clamp will not break away if it is
left connected to the
conductors or equipment.

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Applying and removing a bonding lead
When connecting a bonding lead do not become part of the electrical circuit.

When applying or removing the bonding lead to the conductors keep the hand applying the lead and any
other parts of the body behind the end of the bonding lead and away from the conductors to be bonded (use
a MT815S application handle where possible).

By touching the conductor with their hand, the worker Incorrect bonding lead places the hand in close
has made their body part of the discharge circuit. proximity to the conductors and introduces a risk of
inadvertent contact.

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3.3.5. Enclosed Spaces
Some Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) buildings, basements and tunnels may have site specific procedures
related to the release of gas and/or moving parts on HV apparatus. Site specific risk assessments and
signage must be reviewed before commencing work onsite.

3.3.6. Earthing Systems

Every substation has an interconnected earthing system designed to ensure equipotential conditions exist.

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3.3.6.1. Damage
If the earthing system is damaged dangerous voltages may occur.

Any damage to earthing systems must be reported Do not approach, touch or attempt repairs.
immediately.

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3.3.6.2. HV Apparatus Earth Connections
Where the work involves the connection, cutting, disconnection or potential to damage earthing
connections to HV apparatus, it must only be performed after the HV apparatus has been isolated and
made safe for work.

Warning labels identify single point earth Dangerous voltages may occur if earth
connections which are subject to highly dangerous connections between HV apparatus and the
voltages and currents under normal operating earthing system are removed whilst the apparatus
conditions. is in service.

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3.3.6.3. Switchyard Earth Grid Voltage Rise & Transferred Earth Potentials
Substations may be subject to dangerous rises in voltages due to faults in the Power System. Any external
connection to a switchyard provides a means for dangerous earth potentials (voltage) to be transferred to
or from a substation’s earthing grid.

When working outside of the substation fence, you must not connect any of your equipment or mobile plant
to the fence or to equipment within the substation.

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Prior to any new connection like a transmission line being made to a substation, an Electrical Engineer’s
assessment will determine specific safety controls that must be implemented onsite by the project team.

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Buried Services
Any excavation or digging in a switchyard or HV area has potential for contact with buried services
including electrical cables and earthing. Before any excavation begins:

• An approved Transgrid Excavation Permit must be issued.

- Where there is potential to break or damage the substation earthing system, the permit will include
special requirements, such as installation of bridging leads by a person authorised Bridging
Earthing Grids.

• During excavation work:

- Mobile plant must be connected to the substation earthing system by a trailing earth lead;
- Bridging leads must only be installed or removed by a person authorised Bridging Earthing Grids;
- Only non-destructive excavation is to be used within 200mm of known services; and
- A spotter must be present to identify any unexpected services in the area of excavation.

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3.3.7. Work in the vicinity of HV Cables and Sealing Ends
When the cable is in service, hazardous voltages may occur if the connections between the HV Cable and
the earthing system are removed or damaged.

Cable link boxes sheath earthing connections

Where work involves the connection, cutting, disconnection

or potential to damage earthing connections to HV Cables, it
must only be performed after the HV Cable has been
isolated and made safe for work.

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Supervision of Instructed Persons
Persons whose intended work duration is more than 3 days cumulative over 12 months should not be
engaged as instructed persons in preference to being authorised under the PSSR. Instructed persons
working in switchyards and HV areas must be supervised by a person authorised Supervise Instructed
Persons. Keeping instructed persons safe is the responsibility of their designated supervisor who must
ensure instructed persons are:

Wearing required PPE

Advised of relevant site-specific hazards

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 Not opening or interfering with control panels, Keeping clear of any exposed LV and ELV
cabinets, or other operational apparatus. conductors.

Given an appropriate entry briefing before entering switchyards or HV areas. This briefing must cover all
the relevant points outlined in this section of the handbook including:

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 Potential effects to medical implants. Not taking long objects, ladders, umbrellas, or
tape measures into switchyards and HV areas.

Staying at ground level in HV areas and not climbing Not entering ‘No Go’ areas.
on HV structures.

Given warnings and/or demonstrations appropriate to the work being carried out

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 Adequately supervised to ensure their safety.

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 Power System
Access
Working under a HV
Access Authority

Receipt of a HV Access
Authority

Receipt of a HV Testing
Access Authority

Issue HV Access
Authority

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Working under a HV Access Authority
A HV Access Authority is required when work is to be performed on or near substation HV apparatus in the
charge of a Controller. A HV Access Authority is issued to provide a safe working environment for
personnel when working on or near exposed conductors.

HV Access Authority Flow Chart

This diagram illustrates the points at which operational control transfers from the Controller to the
Authorised Person in Charge (APIC).

Working under a HV Access Authority

operational control
Controller has

Issue HV Carry out

HVPRI Carry out Take local
Access restoration
switching precautions
Authority switching
Authorised person in charge has

Receive HV
Cancel HV
Access
Access
Authority
Authority
operational control

Suspend HV
Access
Authority

Resume HV
Access
Authority

A HV Access Authority is only applicable to apparatus within a switchyard. The switchyard fence is the
physical limit of the Access Authority. For work on:

• HV cables entirely within a substation a HV Access Authority is required.

• Transmission line landing spans, both a HV Access Authority (covering the work within the switchyard)
and a Field Access Authority (covering the landing span outside the switchyard fence) are required.

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Designated Work Areas (DWA)
To clearly define a safe working environment, designated work areas (DWA) associated with a HV Access
Authority must only be erected or rearranged by a person authorised Issue HV Access Authority.
The APIC of the Access Authority must ensure that the yellow tape and stands are maintained in their
original position and any tape stands which fall over are immediately reinstated.

The DWA defines the area of safe work with yellow tape and has a single entrance passageway with four
(4) high visibility bollards so that the entrance is plainly visible from a distance.
To indicate the commencement of the DWA, there must be a notice board displaying each HV Access
Authority associated with the work at the point where the entrance passageway opens onto the work
area.

The entrance passageway is not considered to be part of the work area and does not have to be made
safe for working. There may be live overhead conductors crossing the passageway which persons will
need to keep clear of.

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 Non high voltage structures such as fences, buildings and blast walls that prevent entry and exit of the
DWA may also be used as part of this barrier in method. All gates or entrances forming part of the
boundary to the work area, that are not used for the single entry, are taped as a warning against their
use.

Warning signs are installed to indicate Where it is not possible to exclude in-service apparatus
where there are energised adjacent or from the DWA using yellow tape only (e.g. GIS apparatus)
conductors near or passing over the top para-webbing or similar identification, will be installed to
of the equipment to be worked on. clearly identify in service apparatus which must not be
accessed.

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Mobile Plant and other equipment in a designated work area:

All mobile plant, height access equipment, cranes, excavation devices, test equipment etc. used for
access and work on the HV Access Authority must be fully within the DWA.

The APIC is permitted to drop the tape to make a If the DWA needs to be altered, this must only be
temporary additional entrance to allow access to carried out by a person authorised Issue HV
plant and materials but must immediately reinstate Access Authority.
the DWA to its previous condition.

Rearranging a DWA
If the arrangement of a DWA is required to be altered for a current Access Authority,
work on the Access Authority must cease whilst the DWA is rearranged by a person
authorised Issue HV Access Authority.
Once the DWA is modified the person authorised Issue HV Access Authority must give
relevant warnings and demonstrations to the work group related to the rearrangement
of the DWA, prior to the APIC resuming the Access Authority.

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Persons must only enter a designated work area:

After receiving warnings and demonstrations With the permission of the authorised person in
relevant to the HV Access Authority. charge and after signing onto the HV Access
Authority.

Using the defined entrance. You must not pass over or under the tape, fences,
gates or walls that form the perimeter of the DWA.

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5.1. Responsibilities of persons working under a HV Access Authority
When working under a HV Access Authority you must:

• Be authorised Working under a HV Access Authority or work as an instructed person.

Be shown how the HV apparatus to be accessed has been made safe for work and given relevant
warnings.

Sign onto the HV Access Authority to indicate that Follow any safety directions given by the
you understand the warnings and demonstrations authorised person in charge (APIC).
given and your responsibilities under the HV
Access Authority.

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 If you temporarily leave the DWA, check with the Sign off the HV Access Authority at the completion
APIC or in their absence another person signed on of your work for each day, shift or when leaving
the HV Access Authority, that you are in the site.
correct DWA before recommencing work.

Before recommencing work at the start of each day or shift (or when returning after
leaving site), verify that the conditions of the HV Access Authority covering the
apparatus are still valid and sign onto the HV Access Authority.

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Receipt of a HV Access Authority

Blue Book Clause Additional Blue Book requirements apply when working in Victoria
9.2.7 A HV or HV Testing Access Authority issuer must not be the initial recipient of the
Access Authority (Self issue is not permitted).

5.2. Responsibilities of the Authorised person in charge (APIC)

Persons authorised Receipt of a HV Access Authority are approved to perform the duties of the authorised
person in charge and can receive / suspend / transfer / resume / cancel HV Access Authorities.

The APIC must ensure:

(a) The location, description of apparatus, description of work and the access required for work as shown
on the HV Access Authority is identical to those on the relevant sections of the Request for Access
(RFA) held by them;
(b) That the apparatus to be worked on is positively identified and is identical to that shown on the HV
Access Authority;
(c) They understand the warnings given by the issuer and their responsibilities under the HV Access
Authority;
(d) All members of the working party have signed onto the HV Access Authority;
The APIC must rule a line across the signature section, to confirm everyone above the line received the
initial warnings and demonstrations by a person authorised Issue HV Access Authority.
(e) The APIC may permit additional persons to join the work party after the HV Access Authority has been
issued, by giving them relevant warnings and demonstrations before allowing them to sign onto the HV
Access Authority.

(f) Work is restricted to the description of work on the HV Access Authority;

(g) The HV Access Authority is displayed at the point where the entrance passageway opens onto the
designated work area;

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(h) The HV Access Authority is kept safe until it is suspended or cancelled;
(i) There is a minimum of one additional person authorised Working under a HV Access Authority, always
signed on the HV Access Authority;
(j) Additional control measures are identified and applied, so work can be carried out safely under the HV
Access Authority;
(k) That all persons required to enter the designated work area are:
(i) Either authorised Working under a HV Access Authority or are given warnings and/or
demonstrations appropriate to the work being carried out and adequately supervised to enable
them to work as instructed persons;
(ii) Informed as to the apparatus to be worked on, its identification details and the description of work to
be carried out and the extent of access to the apparatus;
(iii) Given warnings and/or demonstrations appropriate to the work being carried out;
(iv) Conversant with the warnings/demonstrations given and their responsibilities under the HV Access
Authority;
(v) Enter or leave the designated work area using the approved entrance; and
(vi) Signed off the HV Access Authority at the completion of their work for each day/shift or when
leaving site.
(l) If it is necessary to make a temporary additional entrance to the DWA to permit the passage of plant or
materials, precautions are taken to ensure that the safety of persons working under the HV Access
Authority are maintained and that the temporary additional entrance is closed as soon as the task has
been completed;
(m) That in the event of the APIC needing to temporarily leave (< 15 minutes) the DWA, instructions are
given to all persons in the work area to ensure that the relevant provisions of the PSSR are observed
during their absence;
(n) That should the whole work party temporarily leave the DWA the Access Authority remains displayed at
the entrance to the designated work area and the entrance is closed off. On returning to the designated
work area, confirm that the apparatus is in the same condition as when it was left.

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(o) That bonding leads are applied to ensure equipotential conditions are maintained between mobile plant
and conductors during the work;

(p) That bridging leads are applied, where necessary, to maintain a current path when a conductor is to be
broken or disconnected;

Multiple bonding leads or a bridging lead in combination with bonding leads should be
used at the point of disconnection to manage any transient induction hazards on both
sides of the disconnection. A standard portable earthing lead is used as a bridging
lead.

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(q) Any unearthed conductors are earthed prior to being
accessed by the work party;
Working earths
Working earths are
(r) Working earths are only applied to conductors within
the designated work area, once it has been proved safe portable earths which are
to do so, by a person approved to ‘Prove safe to earth’. applied after an Access
Working earths must be removed before the Access Authority has been issued
Authority is cancelled. to mitigate potential
induction issues.
5.2.1. Testing permitted under a HV Access Authority
When the proposed test involves a test source which is not
capable of producing currents hazardous to the human body and Access Authority earths are unaffected,
testing may be carried out without a testing Access Authority, provided the person in charge of the test:

(a) Warns any persons who could make inadvertent contact with the conductors during the course of the
test, that voltage is to be applied and, in return, obtain an assurance that they will remain clear of the
conductors during the test;
(b) Ensures at the conclusion of the work any apparatus under test which may have become electrically
charged during the course of the test is fully discharged and left in a safe condition; and
(c) Ensures that the test source is not connected to electrical apparatus with a capacitance greater than
4,000 pF.

5.2.2. Transfer of a HV Access Authority

Where there is a need to change the authorised person in charge:

(a) The APIC must ensure that the new recipient has received the Access Authority warnings and/or
demonstrations from a person authorised Issue HV Access Authority;
(b) The HV Access Authority must be signed off by the person currently in receipt of the HV Access
Authority;
(c) The new recipient of the HV Access Authority must be a person authorised Receipt of a HV Access
Authority and sign onto the HV Access Authority; and
(d) The Controller must be notified of the new APIC.

5.2.3. Alterations to conditions of work under a HV Access Authority

Where the description of apparatus and/or the description of work shown on a HV Access Authority is
required to be altered:

(a) The HV Access Authority requiring the alteration(s) must be cancelled.

5.2.4. Suspension of a HV Access Authority

Suspension of a HV Access Authority is required when work is to cease for a period and may remain
suspended for a period not exceeding seven days except at the discretion of the Controller.

When a HV Access Authority is to be suspended, the APIC must ensure that:

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(a) All persons working under the HV Access Authority have signed off, to indicate that permission to work
is suspended;
(b) The HV Access Authority is endorsed to indicate that the apparatus is serviceable / is not serviceable;
(c) The entrance to the designated work area is closed off;
(d) The Controller is notified of the suspension of the work and whether the High Voltage apparatus is/is
not serviceable so far as this work is concerned; and
(e) The HV Access Authority, together with attachments, is delivered to the substation control point.

Serviceable
When an Access Authority is suspended, serviceable indicates that the apparatus
could be returned to service if required by Network Operations.
When cancelling an Access Authority, serviceable indicates whether your portion of
the work has been completed successfully. Where this is a single portion of a
structured series of outages cancelling serviceable does not necessarily mean that
the apparatus would be suitable for return to immediate service.

5.2.5. Resumption of Work Following Suspension of a HV Access Authority

When resuming work following suspension of a HV Access
Authority:

(a) If the intended APIC is the person who held the HV

Access Authority immediately prior to suspension, then
the APIC in charge must:
(i) Obtain permission from the Controller;
(ii) Sign on the HV Access Authority as the APIC;
(iii) Allow all persons signed onto the HV Access
Authority prior to its suspension to sign back on;
(iv) Ensure any persons not signed on to the HV Access
Authority prior to its suspension receive appropriate
warnings and demonstrations; and
(v) The Access Authority is displayed at the entrance to
the designated work area.
(b) If the intended APIC is not the person who previously held the HV Access Authority, then the intended
APIC must comply with ‘Transfer of a HV Access Authority’.

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5.2.6. Cancellation of a HV Access Authority

Blue Book Clause Additional Blue Book requirements apply when working in Victoria
9.2.4.1 A HV or HV Testing Access Authority issued in Victoria must be cancelled by a
person authorised Operate HV Apparatus Advanced.

On completion of work, the APIC must:

(a) Prior to cancellation, carry out necessary checks to:

If it is found that a person
(i) Confirm all bonding/bridging leads and tools are
has failed to sign off the
removed;
HV Access Authority, the
(ii) Confirm that all persons signed on the HV Access equipment must not be
Authority have signed off; returned to service until an
assurance is obtained that
(iii) Confirm whether any warnings or adjustments are
the person concerned is
required prior to or on return to service; and
clear of the apparatus.
(iv) Confirm whether apparatus is serviceable or not. This must be noted on the
(b) Cancel the HV Access Authority by: HV Access Authority.

(i) Closing off the entrance to the designated work

area;

(ii) Completing the cancellation section of the HV Access Authority;

(iii) Ensuring that the necessary details are communicated to the Controller;
(iv) Entering the time and date of cancellation of the HV Access Authority; and
(v) Delivering the cancelled HV Access Authority to the to the relevant control point or directly to the
person responsible for the restoration of apparatus.

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5.2.7. Communicating with the Controller
Network Operations contacts:
Direct Line Substation control point Controller Northern Areas (02) 40145700
Emergency (from site phones) 555 or (02) 96200555 Controller Southern Areas (02) 88180621

Start all messages with your name, location, apparatus and intended purpose of call.

5.2.7.1. Message to Transfer Access Authority

On (apparatus identification) I would like to Transfer Access Authority (number) to new APIC (name) at
(time) They have received AA warnings from (issuer’s name).

5.2.7.2. Message to Suspend Access Authority

For work on (apparatus identification) I am advising that Access Authority (number) has been suspended.
The Apparatus is (Serviceable/Not Serviceable) as far as this work is concerned.

5.2.7.3. Message to Resume Work

On (apparatus identification) I would like to resume work on Access Authority (number)

5.2.7.4. Message to Cancel Access Authority

For work on (Apparatus identification) I am advising that Access Authority (number) has been cancelled
and the apparatus is serviceable as far as this work is concerned.

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Receipt of a HV Testing Access Authority
A HV Testing Access Authority must be issued where the work includes:

• The removal and/or replacement of Access Authority earths;

• The use of a test source, which can produce currents hazardous to the human body, on the conductors
of High Voltage electrical apparatus; or
• The application of Extra Low Voltages or voltages produced by an insulation testing device operating at
1,000 volts or below, connected to electrical apparatus with a capacitance greater than 4,000 pF.
Persons authorised Receipt of a HV Testing Access Authority are approved to perform the duties of the
authorised person in charge, supervise instructed persons and can receive / suspend / resume / cancel HV
Testing Access Authorities.

5.3. Responsibilities of the authorised person in charge of a HV Testing Access

Authority
In addition to the requirements of receiving a HV Access Authority the authorised person in charge must:

(a) Have knowledge of the work, verify the status of the test devices and control the testing;
(b) Ensure that for the duration of electrical testing, the entrance to the DWA is closed and an approved
notice warning that electrical testing is in progress is erected at this closed entrance;

(c) Instruct those persons working under the HV Testing Access Authority regarding work that may
proceed safely during the testing and provide any additional warnings that may be applicable;
(d) Direct the control of the switching of the test source energising the conductors covered by the HV
Testing Access Authority;
(e) Ensure adequate communications are maintained with all persons involved in the testing;

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(f) Warn any person:
(i) In the vicinity of the conductors under test that voltage is to be applied and in return receive an
assurance that such person will remain clear of such conductors during the test; and
(ii) Signed on the HV Testing Access Authority that they can only work on or near the conductors
under test when the authorised person in charge is present to show such persons which conductors
are safe to approach.
(g) Where induced or test voltages could be present, or if any earths are removed for testing, ensure that
safe working methods are used which restrict persons coming within the Safe Approach Distance of
energised conductors and any testing equipment or connection leads;
(h) If any exposed conductors to which test voltages are to be applied are out of sight of the person
switching the test source, ensure that approved notices are placed to warn against approach to the
exposed conductors at such points and either:
(i) A person is posted to warn others not to approach the exposed conductors during the test; or
(ii) Fences or equivalent barriers are erected, or shutters closed to prevent any person gaining
inadvertent access to the exposed conductors.
(i) If the testing is being carried out by a 3 rd party, they must be accompanied at all times during the
electrical test by a person with sufficient knowledge of the work and the test devices, to confirm with the
person in charge of the electrical test that the High Voltage conductors being tested are safe to be
touched or approached whenever this becomes necessary during the progress of the electrical test;
(j) Where two or more HV Testing Access Authorities are
issued on the same conductors, and there are separate
DWAs established for each HV Testing Access Multiple HV Testing
Authority, the APIC must ensure that: Access Authorities
(A) Testing work is coordinated across the DWA’s Will be:
to ensure the safety of all workers; • Cross referenced on
(B) Work is only be performed in one DWA at a each HV Testing
time. All other DWAs must be closed, by means Access Authority
of crossing the tapes at the entrance. • Issued to the same
person where the
(k) Ensure that, at the conclusion of the work:
designated work areas
(i) Any apparatus under test which may have become are at a single site
electrically charged during the course of the test is • Deemed to be part of
fully discharged and left in a safe condition; and the one HV Testing
(ii) That all earths removed and/or earthing switches Access Authority issued
opened by them under the Testing Access Authority to the APIC of the
are restored and/or closed prior to suspension or electrical test at the test
cancellation of the Testing Access Authority. source location.

5.3.1. Special requirements HV Testing

Equipment under test must be adequately isolated from the Power System or any other equipment under
test or any other work party, by opening disconnectors and/or removing conductors as required.

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A section of earthed conductor will be provided between the points of isolation and the Power System or
any other equipment under test or any other work party identified with a Do Not Operate Tag. The earth on
this section must not be removed under the Testing HV Access Authority.

This is not required when:

• The test voltage is less than 3000 volts; or

• The test voltage is less than ten per cent (10%) of the nominal voltage of the equipment under test;
or
• The points of isolation are provided by a racked out circuit breaker on totally enclosed apparatus.

5.3.2. Transfer of a HV Testing Access Authority

In addition to the requirements of Transferring a HV Access Authority the new authorised person in charge
must:

(a) Verify the status of the test devices and all other equipment associated with the testing; and
(b) Understand the warnings, instructions and applicable demonstrations regarding the devices and
equipment that may be operated in conjunction with the test.

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Issue HV Access Authority
The issue of a HV or HV Testing Access Authority must be carried out by a person authorised Issue HV
Access Authority.

5.4.1. Responsibilities of the authorised person issuing a HV Access Authority

The authorised person issuing a HV Access Authority must ensure that:

(a) The person receiving the HV Access Authority is a person authorised Receipt of a HV Access Authority;
(b) More than one HV Access Authority may be issued using the same PRI, provided that the PRI covers
all the descriptions of apparatus and descriptions of work as requested.
(c) A HV Access Authority is not issued where the work as requested would affect the safety of personnel
working under another Access Authority;
(d) The steps of the PRI relevant to the description of work on the HV Access Authority to be issued, have
been recorded as having been carried out;
(e) Where GIS switchgear is used for isolation, gas pressure on that GIS switchgear is adequate;
(f) The unique Access Authority number received from the Controller is recorded on each HV Access
Authority;
(g) The HV Access Authority is not issued if it is not safe for the work to proceed;
(h) The location, the description of apparatus, the description of work and the nominated access required
for work set out on the HV Access Authority are identical to those stated in the relevant sections of the
RFA held by the APIC;
(i) Prior to issuing the HV Access Authority:
(i) The designated work area is established using an approved procedure;

(ii) All required applicable warnings are entered on the HV Access Authority, and are communicated to
the authorised person in charge and any members of the working party present;
(iii) The working party is assembled at the designated work area;

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 (iv) The conductors which are safe to work on are identified and the precautions taken to make the
conductors safe for work are demonstrated, including local points of isolation, Do Not Operate Tags
and Access Authority earths;
(v) A demonstration is given to the satisfaction of the working party that any unearthed or remotely
earthed conductors are safe to work on or near;
(vi) The working party are warned of the dangers of near approach to energised High Voltage
apparatus and LV/MECH apparatus.
(vii) The working party are warned to confine their work to the
designated work area, the work as described on the HV All apparatus within
Access Authority and of their responsibilities under the DWA does not
Working under a HV Access Authority; necessarily need to be
listed on the
(viii) The working party are warned of any conductors
associated RFA and
in the work area which are, or which could become,
Access Authority.
unearthed during the work.
(j) The HV Access Authority is endorsed as having been
issued;
(k) The details of the issued HV Access Authority are communicated to the Controller.

5.4.2. Additional requirements when issuing a HV Testing Access Authority

In addition to the requirements of issuing a HV Access Authority, the authorised person must ensure that:

(a) The person receiving the HV Testing Access Authority is a person authorised Receipt of a HV Testing
Access Authority;
(b) Warning Tags are affixed to all control points that are able to operate the apparatus during the test, in
accordance with the PRI;
(c) Warnings, instructions and applicable demonstrations are given to the person in charge of the test;
(d) Confirmation has been received from the Controller that all current Access Authorities, for work on or
near the conductors required to be electrically tested, are suspended; and
(e) The planned test voltages must not exceed those specified on the RFA.
(f) A testing Access Authority must not be issued where the test as requested may affect the safety of
personnel working under another Access Authority;
(g) Where two or more HV Testing Access Authorities are issued on the same conductors, then the HV
Testing Access Authorities must be:
(i) Cross referenced on each HV Testing Access Authority; and
(ii) Issued to the same person where the designated work areas are at a single site.

The cross referenced HV Testing Access Authorities are deemed to be part of the one
HV Testing Access Authority issued to the authorised person in charge of the
electrical test at the test source location.

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5.4.3. Designated Work Area (DWA) Arrangement
DWA’s must be delineated by use of suitable yellow marking tapes set out around the perimeter on
supporting stands; at a nominal height of 900mm above ground with sufficient support stands to ensure the
tape does not sag below 700mm above ground. If windy conditions are affecting the stands then weights
should be used on the base of the stands to prevent them from falling over.

The single entrance corridor must be formed by a yellow-taped entrance passageway no more than two
metres wide extending outward at least two metres from the work area, which is clearly defined by the use
of four (4) high visibility bollards or stand covers so that the entrance is plainly visible from a distance;

Correct Wrong
Corridor & bollards Entry not defined
with bollards

Wrong Wrong
Entry not central or Entry not defined & no
defined with bollards corridor

The entry passageway must be constructed so that the tape on each side of the passageway forms a 90
degree return to the side of the area to which it connects.

Non high voltage structures, such as fences, gates or walls may be used to support barrier tape if safe
distances from exposed high voltage conductors are maintained. Structures such as fences, buildings and
blast walls that prevent entry and exit of the DWA may be used as part of the barrier provided no gaps exist
that permit entry between the structure and the tape. In AIS switchyards, structures that support high
voltage electrical equipment must not be used to support tape barriers.

There must be an entrance notice board displaying each HV Access Authority associated with the work at
the point where the entrance passageway opens onto the work area. The notice board indicates the
commencement of the designated work area;

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The entrance passageway is not considered to be part of the working area and does not have to be made
safe for working. There may be live overhead conductors crossing the passageway.

All gates or entrances forming part of the boundary to the work area that are not used for the single entry
must be taped as a warning against their use.

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 The DWA should be arranged in consultation with the intended Recipient to ensure all mobile plant,
height access equipment, cranes, excavation devices, test equipment etc. used for access and work on
the HV Access Authority will be fully within the DWA.

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The HV apparatus to be worked on must be completely within the DWA and must be safe to come on or
near, subject to the following exceptions:

• Overhead conductors passing over the top of the equipment to be

worked on and sufficient distance above the apparatus to be worked on
that the risk of coming on or near can be effectively controlled by
mechanisms provided in the PSSR and the work party is warned of this
hazard.

• Where live equipment may be present adjacent to or above the DWA, a

sign “Danger - Live High Voltage Conductors Above and Beyond” must
be positioned in the vicinity of the live equipment on the edge of the DWA
by the person setting up the DWA.

• Where work is occurring on GIS or similar switchgear and it is not possible to exclude in-service
apparatus from the DWA using yellow tape only para-webbing or similar identification, must be installed
to clearly identify in service apparatus which must not be accessed.

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 Blue Book Additional Blue Book requirements apply when working in Victoria
Clauses
9.7.2.4, Live sign
9.7.2.5 & Approved danger sign having the word LIVE or ALIVE
9.7.2.6 printed in white upon a red background.

Under access permit sign

Approved sign having the words UNDER ACCESS
PERMIT or similar printed in white on a green
background.

Under sanction for testing sign

Approved sign having the words UNDER SANCTION
FOR TESTING printed in red on a white background or
otherwise conforming to AS 1319

UNDER LIVE
ACCESS LIVE (or ALIVE)
AUTHORITY or signs, facing
UNDER inwards
SANCTION FOR
TESTING sign –
facing outwards
LIVE
AUTHORITY
ACCESS
UNDER

LIVE

5.4.3.1. Altering a DWA

If requested to modify the arrangement of a DWA for a current Access Authority, all work the Access
Authority must cease whilst the DWA is rearranged. Once the DWA is modified the person authorised Issue
HV Access Authority must give relevant warnings and demonstrations to the work group related to the
modification of the DWA, prior to work on the Access Authority recommencing.

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5.4.3.2. DWA examples
The examples below represent various designated work area arrangements. During setup of the DWA the
person authorised Issue HV Access Authority should consider worker safety, clarity of extent and clear
responsibility for work, including consideration of the ability of the APIC to control work across large areas.

Situation Requirements
Standard DWA (Testing High Voltage AA THVAA) or High Voltage AA • 1 RFA listing apparatus to be
(HVAA) worked on and description of
work.

RFA 1

2 HVAA’s on adjacent equipment, 1 DWA enclosing the apparatus • 2 separate RFA’s listing
listed on both RFA’s adjacent equipment to be
worked on by two work
parties.
• 1 DWA erected around both
items of apparatus.
• Either both HVAA’s held by
the same person or HVAA’s
held by separate persons.
RFA 1 RFA 2
• 2 AA display stands at the
entrance to the work area.
• Work parties confine their
Note: For clarity and simplicity one APIC and all workers signed onto
work to the description of work
both AA’s should be preferred over this arrangement.
and description of apparatus
of the AA they are signed on
to.
• Work to be co-ordinated
between both work parties.
1 Site, 2 HV AA’s, 2 DWA’s, 1 APIC • 2 RFA’s, 2 AA’s, 2 separate
DWA’s.
• Work commences in one
DWA. If work party needs to
move to second DWA
entrance to first DWA is
RFA 2 closed off. If work party needs
to return to original DWA
entrance to second DWA is
closed off.
Note: Work Party and APIC must only work in one DWA at a time.

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 Situation Requirements
2 Testing HV AA’s issued on adjacent apparatus connected by a • 2 RFA’s for testing HV on
common conductor adjacent apparatus connected
by a common conductor, 2
AA’s.
• 1 DWA.
• Both AA’s held by the same
APIC.

RFA 1 RFA 2
2 Testing HV AA’s issued on separate apparatus connected by a • 2 RFA’s for testing HV on
common conductor. apparatus connected by a
common conductor, 2 AA’s.
• 2 DWA’s, 1 open, 1 closed at
all times while work is
progressing.
• Both AA’s held by the same
APIC, considered to be 1 AA.

2 Testing HV AA’s issued on separate apparatus physically • 2 RFA’s for testing HV on

disconnected by a common conductor in a way that the physical apparatus connected by a
disconnections are not an isolation point controlled by a PRI. common conductor, 2
Separate AA’s.
• 2 DWA’s, 1 open, 1 closed at
all times while work is
progressing.
• Both AA’s held by the same
APIC, considered to be 1 AA.

1 Testing HV AA issued, separate DWA’s, apparatus linked via ground • 1 RFA describing work on
bus separate apparatus linked via
ground bus for testing.
• 2 DWA’s, 1 open, 1 closed at
all times while work is
progressing (separate DWA’s
due to live apparatus between
RFA 1 RFA 1
the two items of apparatus
being accessed).
• 1 THVAA Issued to 1 APIC.
Note: Work party, AA Form and APIC move between the two areas as
required.

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 Situation Requirements
DWA covers a subset of apparatus listed on the AA. Area rearranged • 1 RFA
as requried to access separate apparatus • 1 APIC
• DWA erected around a subset
of apparatus listed on the RFA
• Work on AA ceases.
RFA 1 • DWA rearranged by person
authorised Issue HV Access
Authority.
Note: Must only be used where there is insufficient tape stands to • Warnings updated and
enclose the apparatus. Work planning and APIC should seek to reissued following movement
minimise rearrangement of the DWA. of DWA.
• Work on AA recommences.

1 RFA but apparatus is covered by 2 separate AA’s and 2 separate • 1 RFA

DWA’s • 2 HV AA’s
• 2 APIC’s
• 2 separate DWA’s
• This situation should be
avoided wherever possible.
RFA 1

5.4.4. Emergency Requirements for Accessing HV Substation Apparatus

Where there is immediate risk to human life or property that requires action regarded as work on or near
High Voltage exposed conductors, work may proceed under the following conditions:

(a) Receive approval from the Controller to commence emergency operations;

(b) The conductors must be isolated, proved de-energised and earthed (including the application of locks)
by a person authorised Operate HV Apparatus Advanced;
(c) The requirements to apply Do Not Operate Tags, erect a designated work area and issue an Access
Authority are not mandatory;
(d) Persons working must be under
the continuous close and
personal supervision of a person
authorised Issue HV Access
Authority; and
(e) As soon as possible after the
immediate emergency, normal
safety precautions must be
applied.

65 | Substations and HV Areas | Safe Work Handbook_____________________________________________________________________

Safe Approach Distances to Exposed Conductors
Safe Approach Distances apply to PSSR authorised persons working on assets owned or operated by
Transgrid. Work in the vicinity of another organisation’s assets must be in accordance with relevant Codes
of Practice unless arrangements which have been made between Transgrid and the other organisation.

SAFE APPROACH DISTANCES

Nominal Voltage (V): ELV <50V AC or <120V DC LV >ELV and <1000V AC or <1500V DC

Distance (m)
Persons No contact 0.25 (250mm)

Persons + Insulated contact Insulated contact

+
Persons = Persons authorised 4.1, 4.3 or 9.1

Nominal Voltage (kV): 11-33 66 132 220 275 330 500

Persons 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.9

Distance (m)
Vehicles * 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.9
Vehicles * = Includes mobile plant stowed for transit

Mobile Plant 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0

Mobile Plant + 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.7 4.6

Mobile Plant + = Mobile plant operating with restrictive devices applied or an authorised safety observer appointed

• Safe Approach Distances for persons means the minimum distance from exposed conductors that must
be maintained by a person and/or their equipment.

• Safe Approach Distances for vehicles means the minimum distance from exposed conductors that must
be maintained based on the transit envelope of the vehicle, including its load and attachments.

• Safe Approach Distances for mobile plant means the minimum distance from exposed conductors that
must be maintained between the mobile plant including its load, controlling ropes and any other
accessories.

66 | Substations and HV Areas | Safe Work Handbook_____________________________________________________________________

 Revision detail
2 Additional information added to section ‘Supervision of Instructed Persons’
2 Note ‘Rearranging a DWA’ pg.42 revised

67 | Substations and HV Areas | Safe Work Handbook_____________________________________________________________________

68 | Substations and HV Areas | Safe Work Handbook_____________________________________________________________________