BSED-ENGLISH 1101 our expression, feeling, action (E.g.

Slip of tongue,
dreams, wishes)
2. Preconscious – Facts stored in a part of the brain,
ED 101 which are not conscious but are available for possible
use in the future (E.g. A person will never think of her
home address at that moment but when her friend
ask for it, she can easily recall it)
LESSON 4: PSYCHOSEXUAL
3. Conscious – Only level of mental life that are
DEVELOPMENT
directly available to us.
Psychosexual Development; Theory of Sigmund
Freud STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

Sigmund Freud 1.ld – Infants are born with Id intact

May 6, 1856 – Sigmund Freud was born in Freyberg – Operates on pleasure principle to gain
town, Crech Republic. pleasure, avoid pain.

1881 – he graduated from medical faculty, university – Driven by sexual and aggressive urge
of Vienna. 2..Ego – The rational level of personality
1896 – Sigmund Freud was officially recognized. – Operates on reality principles does realistic
1900 – he released 'interpretation of dreams' and logical thinking

September 23, 1939 – Freud passed away in – The balance between Id and Superego
Hampstead house. 3.Superego – Partially unconscious
Theory of Personality: It explains how human – Operates on moral principles
personality is shaped by unconscious desires,
– able to differentiate between good
conflicts, and childhood experiences.
and bad, right and wrong
OVERVIEW OF PSYCHOANALYSIS – If people follow their superego, they
•A set of philosophical of human nature. will feel proud but if they don't
follow, they will feel guilty and
• Psychoanalysis is both an approach to therapy and
anxious
a theory of personality.
What is psychosexual development?
• Emphasizes unconscious motivation - the main
cause of behavior lie in unconscious mind. – Freud believed that adult personality problems
were the result of early experiences in life.
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE
–He believed that we go through several stages of
1.Deterministic – Life is about gaining pleasure and
psychosexual development and that at each stage of
avoiding pain.
development we experience pleasure in one part of
2. Human As Energy System – Freud believe that the body than in others.
human are motivated by the unconscious, where the
–Freud thought that our adult personality is
Id is found along with the aggression and sex
determined by the way we resolve conflicts between
instincts
these early sources of pleasure the mouth, the anus
LEVEL OF MENTAL LIFE and the genitals-and the demands of reality.
1. Unconscious – Contains all the feeling, urges or What are erogenous zones?
instinct that are beyond our awareness but it affect
 –Erogenous zones are parts of the body that have the child's greatest pleasure involves the anus or the
especially strong pleasure- giving qualities at eliminative functions associated with it.
particular stages of development.
• In Freud's view, the exercise of anal muscles
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES reduces tension.
•Children progress through SIX psychosexual stages • Through toilet training, the child comes in contact
during psychosexual development A person become with the rules of society.
'FIXATED' or stuck in a stage when a basic need is not
Phallic Stage
met, therefore that person will face difficulty in
transiting to another stage. • It occurs between the ages of 3-6.

What is fixation? • The word "phallic" comes the Latin word "phallus,"
which means "penis."
Fixation is the psychoanalytic defense mechanism
that occurs when the individual remains locked in an • During this stage, pleasure focuses on the genitals
earlier developmental stage because needs are as the child discovers that self- stimulation is
under- or over-gratified. enjoyable.

Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development Importance of Phallic Stage

ORAL 0-2 • In Freud's view, the phallic stage has a special

importance in personality development because this
Infant achieves gratification through oral activities
period triggers the Oedipus Complex.
such as feeding, thumb sucking and babbling
What is the Oedipus Complex?
ANAL 2-3
The Oedipus Complex is the young child's
The child learns to respond to some of the demands
development of an intense desire to replace the
of society (such as bowel and bladder control).
parent of the same sex and enjoy the affection of the
PHALLIC 3-7 opposite-sex parent.
The child learns to realize the differences between Resolving the Oedipus Complex
males and females and becomes aware of sexuality.
• At about 5-6 years of age, children recognize that
LATENCY 7-11 their same-sex parent might punish them for their
incestuous wishes.
The child continues his or her development but
sexual urges are relatively quiet. • To reduce the conflict, the child identifies with the
same sex parent, striving to be like him/her. If the
GENITAL 11-Adult
conflict is not resolved, the individual may become
The growing adolescent shakes off old dependencies fixated at the phallic stage.
and learns to deal maturely with the opposite sex.
Latency Stage
Oral Stage
• It occurs at approximately between 6 years of age
• It occurs during the first 18 months of life when the until puberty.
infant's pleasure centers on the mouth.
• At this stage, the child represses all interest in
• Chewing, sucking and biting are chief courage of sexuality and develops social and intellectual skills.
pleasure and these action the infant.
• The pursuit of social and academic activities
Anal Stage channels much of the child's energy into emotionally
• It is the second stage of oral development that safe areas and aids the child in forgetting the highly
occurs between 1 1½ until 3 years of age, in which stressful conflict of the phallic stage.
2
Genital Stage
• The final stage of psychosexual development occurs
from puberty onwards.
• It is the time of sexual reawakening, but the source
of sexual pleasure now becomes someone outside the
family.
• Freud believed that unresolved conflicts with
parents re- emerged during adolescence.
• Once resolved, Freud believed that the individual
capable of developing a mature love relationship and
functioning independently as an adult.