International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 - 8887)

Volume 184 - No.2, December 2022

A Literature Review on IoT-based Smart Poultry

Farming

Md. Fuyad Afzal Mst. Nazma Tara Dr. Sajeeb Saha

Dept. of Computer Science Dept. of Computer Science Dept. of CSE
National University National University Jagannath University
Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh. Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh. Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ABSTRACT can be raised more effectively. According to worldometers.info,

the current world population is 7.95 billion as of July 2022 and
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the most de- will be 10 billion in 2057 as projected. By 2050, global demand for
manding technologies in the world in recent times. Currently, the poultry meat will be over double what it was in 2005, and the need
main technology behind the concept of smart home, smart vehicles, for chicken eggs will be almost 40 percent greater [1]. Therefore,
smart agriculture, etc. is the efficient use of IoT which is a ubiqui- the concept of precision livestock farming has come into reality,
tous technology of interconnected things that is able to sensitize, and in this concept, IoT-based innovative poultry farm plays a vital
function and communicate with themselves and with the environ- role in making the poultry farming sector more productive and
ment. In traditional poultry rearing, a farmer has to rely solely on sustainable.
human skills and experience to produce as there is no specific and
sorted way of collecting information from the farm. However, this
type of manual process does not ensure high productivity and ef-
ficiency and we need to modernize our poultry rearing system to
increase our production. The IoT Manual helps us determine the
appropriate requirements by analyzing poultry farm management,
farm weather and the physical condition of poultry, including a
reduction in monitoring time. Although the practice of IoT-based
modern poultry farm management is in its early stages, the world is
rapidly moving towards its perfect implementation of modern poul-
try farm management. In this study, 20 papers from 2013 to 2022
were reviewed, whereas the management of IoT- based modern
poultry farms is of prime concern. Our objective is to abstract and
accumulate works related to the management of IoT-based modern
poultry farms. Based on the previous work, problems related to IoT-
based modern poultry farm management, sensors, related technolo-
gies, wireless communication protocols, IoT platforms and cloud
computing will be analyzed to get a clearer view and understand its
future scope.

Keywords Fig. 1. IoT-based Smart Poultry Farm Architecture

IoT in Poultry, Wireless Sensor Network, IoT Sensor, Smart Agri-
culture, IoT platformd
Bangladesh is a country where poultry is one of the sectors which
1. INTRODUCTION contributes to GDP. According to the Bangladesh Poultry Indus-
try Central Council (BPICC), Bangladesh’s poultry sector currently
Meeting the need for enough protein in the human body is the produces 1.6 per cent of the Country’s GDP. In addition, the indus-
World’s most significant challenge today. Poultry meat and eggs try employs approximately 6 million people directly and indirectly
can be the cheapest and most demandable solution for this problem. in the Country [2]. There is a lack of proper and effective manage-
Population pressure, climate change, and the increasing demand ment for maintaining the maintenance of traditional poultry farms
for meat and egg are skyrocketing the vulnerabilities to food and the health and growth of chickens. All the work of poultry such
security. As the population increases, poultry production grows but as filling water tanks, feeding chickens, cleaning chicken waste and

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Volume 184 - No.2, December 2022

controlling the farm’s lighting. Traditional environment monitor- —Create 100 IoT-based startups by 2025 to solve local problems
ing and protection systems like mud or baked bricks made farm- using home-grown IoT solutions.
houses with window openings and a yard. Hence significant hu-
man resources are required. It is necessary to assist the growth of a 2.5 IoT Platform
chicken, manage/ maintain the farm, and overall supervision 24/7,
etc. Poultry farming was performed manually, which was inade- IoT platforms are support software that connects everything in an
quate to ensure higher productivity. Finally, the intelligent poultry IoT system [6]. An IoT platform facilitates communication, data
farming method came into reality when IoT and other innovative flow, device management and application functionality.
technologies were added to traditional poultry farming so that the
poultry farming process could be performed more innovative. 2.6 Sensor Devices
In Fig. 1, a generic IoT-based smart poultry farming system is Sensors are used in the architecture of the IoT device. Sensors are
depicted [3]. In this System, a wireless sensor network (WSN) is used to sensing things and devices, etc. A device that provides a us-
deployed to connect all sensors in the farm so that they may feed able output as a response to a specific measure. The sensor acquires
all data through the communication gateway. The gateway can a physical parameter and converts it into a signal suitable for pro-
access the internet, sending data to subscribed web services on the cessing the properties of a device or element to detect the presence
cloud. Based on the data, decisions are made and transmitted to of a certain physical quantity (electrical, mechanical, optical) [7].
the communication gateway and then forwarded to a controller for For example, temperature sensors, light sensors, etc.
poultry farming. Moreover, farmers have the authority to access
all data and manipulate the control as per requirement. Mainly the 3. STUDY METHODOLOGY
purpose of this paper is to accumulate all the details related to IoT-
based smart poultry farming applications. This includes the details Our focus is to conduct an unbiased and detailed review of existing
related to data collection, various types of sensors, deployment papers regarding IoT-based smart poultry farming systems to sum-
details, and IoT platforms to access the data through the cloud. It marize and draw a general conclusion about the current trend and
also covers details related to different communication technologies create a platform for further research activities. Here, we follow the
used in IoT. Hence, some works (20 papers) during 2013-2022 following three stages:
regarding IoT-based smart poultry farming are reviewed.
3.1 Formulation of Research Questions
Here the first step is to characterize the research questions and pro-
2. BACKGROUND STUDIES vide the current research status on IoT-based smart poultry farming.
2.1 IoT in Poultry In this research, nine research questions, along with their corre-
sponding motivation, are depicted in Table I:
IoT solutions can develop the world’s poultry farming sector and
help farmers shift from manual to smart poultry farming. An intel- Table 1. Research Questions on IoT-based Smart Poultry
ligent network and data processing system can create a new Poultry Farming
farming infrastructure in the world. NO. Research Questions
What are the primarily targeted publication sites for
2.2 Internet of Things (IoT) 1
IoT-based smart poultry farming research?
The term ”Internet of Things” (IoT) is a term first coined by Kevin What is advantage and disadvantage in poultry
2
Ashton in 1999 [4]. This creates the opportunity for a more direct farming using IoT?
integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, re- 3 IoT based working approaches of a Smart Poultry Farming.
sulting in the improved efficiency, economic benefits and reduced What factors should be taken into consideration
4
human labor. Some benefits of IoT are cost reduction, efficiency specifically for poultry farming?
and productivity, business opportunities, accessible and remote ac- What are the issues which should consider for
5
cess, fast and time-saving at work, multitasking, reducing human IoT-based smart poultry farming?
efforts and improving safety. What types of IoT technologies are used in IoT-based
6
smart poultry farming?
2.3 AgIoT (IoT in Agriculture) Which sensors and boards are used in IoT-based
7
smart poultry farming?
Agricultural Internet of Things uses AgroIoT or AgIoT [4] sen-
Which IoT platforms are used in IoT-based
sors, cameras, and other devices to turn every element and action 8
smart poultry farming?
involved in farming into data. Some of the uses of IoT are soil mon-
itoring, weather and climate monitoring, animal resource monitor- Which wireless communication technologies/protocols
9
ing, etc. are used in IoT-based smart poultry farming?

2.4 IoT Policy in Bangladesh

3.2 Searching and Extracting Information
To ensure the use of IoT, the Government of Bangladesh has taken
several initiatives as follows [5]: The second step is to “search” for the relevant studies on this re-
search topic. Initially, we targeted IEEE CS, and Science Direct
—Create a 1b USD IoT Industry in Bangladesh by 2023. for searching using a set of keywords related to our research topic:
—Establish a national IoT R and D center by 2023. ‘Smart Poultry Farming’, ‘Intelligent Farming’, ‘Cloud in the Poul-
—Establish three training, research, development and innovation try Farming’, ‘Poultry Monitoring System’, ‘Internet of Things’,
center’s related to IoT by 2025. ‘IoT in Poultry’, ‘LoRaWAN’, etc. Besides, we used the Google

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Volume 184 - No.2, December 2022

search engine for keywords throughout our survey. In our search, 4.2 The advantage and disadvantages in poultry
we emphasized the paper from 2013 to 2022. We also specialized farming using IoT?
in Indian trends to summarize what is happening in our neighbor-
ing Country. We evaluated the acceptability and credibility level of Pro:
the papers using the ‘Impact factor’. We gathered and extracted our —Timely watering and feeding chickens
selected papers most relevant problems of interest. The extracted
—Automation increase the farm productivity
information depends on the initial research questions mentioned
above, and we will analyses those in the following section. —Lower manpower needed
—Removes the gas of the poultry farm to keep chickens healthy
4. DATA ANALYSIS —Can control fan, light and temperature of the farm remotely
This section will analyses the extracted data from the set of selected Con:
papers according to the research questions in Table I. —Installation cost is higher
—Professional training needed on the system when it’s introduced
4.1 Major targeted primary publication channels for
—Internet connectivity is mandatory for 24/7
IoT-based Smart Poultry Farming Research
—Time to analyse data
Several publication sources have been identified to address the first
research question, including channel categorization and impact fac- 4.3 IoT based working approaches of a Smart Poultry
tor. It has been depicted in Table II and Table III. Farming

Table 2. Publication Source and Reference Part 1 —Understanding the Smart Poultry Farming concept
Publication Sources (Conference) Ref. —Senses data from the farm by sensor or actuator
In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things —Collect and analyse the data
[8]
and Intelligence System (IOTAIS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. —Sends the data to gateway
In 2018 International Conference on Computer Networks, Big
[9]
—Intelligent machines can take necessary action
data and IoT (pp. 615-620). Springer, Cham. —Rarer can control the farm remotely using smart devices
In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Computational —Timely feeding, removing gas, light, fan, curtain etc. can be con-
[10]
Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. trolled remotely
In 2016 5th International Conference on Computer Science and
[11]
Network Technology (ICCSNT) (pp. 113-116). IEEE. 4.4 What factors should be taken into consideration
In 2019 International Conference on Robotics, Electrical and
[12] specifically for poultry farming?
Signal Processing Techniques (CREST) (pp. 277-280). IEEE.
In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communication, The factors should be taken into consideration are Temperature,
[13]
Networks and Satellite (Comnetsat) (pp. 50-54). IEEE. Humidity, Soil Moisture, Light and Fan Control, Gas, Curtain, Dis-
In 2020 IEEE 7th International Conference on Industrial ease and Parasite, Feed and Water, Lack of Smart Technologies etc.
[14]
Engineering and Applications (ICIEA) (pp. 738-742). IEEE. These factors can be taken into consideration specifically for poul-
In 2019 2nd International Conference on Communication try farming.
[15]
Engineering and Technology (ICCET) (pp. 72-75). IEEE.
4.5 Issues in IoT-based Smart Poultry Farming
Several issues have been identified to address the fifth research
Table 3. Publication Source, Reference and Impact Factor (IF) Part 2 question required for Poultry Farming. It is depicted in Table IV.
Publication Sources (Journal) Ref. IF
Journal of World’s poultry research, 3(4), 2013. [16] 0.564
International journal of control and automation, 7(2), 4.6 Different IoT-based Smart Poultry Farming Types
[17] 3.314
99-108, 2014. Identifying the types of Poultry Farming is required to address the
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(19), 2015. [18] 0.224 seventh research question. There are many types of Poultry Farm-
Int. J. of Recent Trends in Eng. & Res. (IJRTER), ing nowadays, depending on how Poultry Farm is managed. Among
[19] 4.490
Volume 03, Issue 02; February - 2017 those, three of the most widely used Poultry Farming systems (Fig.
International Research Journal of Engineering and 2) are discussed below:
[20] 0.145
Technology (IRJET), System, 6(03), 2019.
—Internet-Based Smart Poultry Farm: It focuses on integrating
International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft
[21] 0.375 wireless sensors and mobile system networks to control and re-
Computing, 6 (Special Issue), 171-175, 2016.
motely monitor environmental parameters in a poultry farm [18].
Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res, 3(7), 109-113, 2014. [22] 0.196
International Journal of Advanced Research in —IoT-Based Smart Poultry Farm: This system feeds the food in the
[23] 0.715 container, maintains the temperature using a water sprinkler, and
Computer Science, 7(3) May - June, 2016.
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 170, 2020 [24] 7.270 removes the gas [20].
Sensors, 20(6), 1549, 2020. [25] 3.576 —Ai-Based Smart Poultry Farm: It focuses on monitoring the poul-
Sustainability, 13(23), 13396, 2021. [26] 3.473 try farm and bird health, the IoT devices employing different
Webology, 19(1), 2022. [27] 1.565 types of sensors, video/image processing and classification ca-
pabilities, and vocalization (sound) based Poultry livestock anal-
ysis is being studied [13].

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Volume 184 - No.2, December 2022

Table 4. Different Issues Regarding Smart Poultry Farming Table 5. Different Sensors Used in IoT-Based Smart Poultry
Issues Description Farming
Lack of Smart Most farmers don’t know about the advantages of SL Sensor Name Description
Technologies Smart Technologies. [8–27] Temperature Sensor A temperature sensor which is an
The most challenging task in traditional poultry [8–10, 12, 13] electronic device that measures the
Feed and Water 1
farming by human resources is to feed in time. [15, 16, 18–21] temperature of its environment.
Related Problem
[8, 10, 13–17, 20, 22–26] [23–25, 27] Example: DHT11, LM35.
Disease and In traditional farming, there is too much dust, and A humidity sensor is an electronic
Humidity Sensor
Parasite Related that’s how poultry Disease and Parasite spreads. device that measures the humidity in
[8–10, 12, 13]
Problem [8–10, 13, 16, 18–21, 23–26] 2 its environment and converts its
[15, 16, 18–22]
Temperature and Temperature and Humidity is the factor which findings into a corresponding electrical
[23–25, 27]
Humidity Related indicates the hotness or coldness of the farm. signal. Example: DHT11.
Problem [8–10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18–25, 27] A gas sensor is a device which can
Gas Sensor
Light is one of the main components of poultry detect the presence of various toxic
Light Control 3 [8–10, 12, 13]
farming and is related to poultry growth. and combustible gases present in the
Related Problem [16, 21, 23, 24, 27]
[9–11, 14–17, 21, 22] atmosphere. Example: MQ-135
Co2, Ammonia Gas produced from a poultry farm creates problems It is an electronic device that measures
and Oxygen for poultry and the environment. the distance of an object by emitting
Ultrasonic Sensor
Related Problem [8–10, 12, 13, 17, 21, 23, 24, 27] 4 ultrasonic sound waves and converting
[10, 18]
reflected sound into an electrical
signal. Example: HC-SR04.
An infrared sensor is a radiation
IR Sensor sensitive optoelectronic material
5
[10, 22, 27] whose spectral sensitivity is infrared.
Example: RBD-0685.
The dust sensor integrates an (IRED) to
detect dust in the air and generate
Dust Sensor
6 an output voltage proportional to dust
[19]
density to measure dust.
Example: GP2Y1010AU0F,
Soil moisture sensors typically refer to
Soil Moisture Sensor
7 sensors that estimate volumetric water
[15, 19]
content. Example: YL-69, HL-69 etc.
A smoke detector is a smart device
Fire Detection Sensor which senses smoke, mainly it is an
8
[12, 22] indicator of fire.
Fig. 2. Caption
Example: AW-CSD381 etc.
It’s an essential component of our
4.7 Sensor and Boards are used in IoT-based Smart home security system nowadays they
Poultry Farming Door Sensor
9 let you know when someone is
[12]
entering your home.
The sensors and boards used to address the sixth research question
Example: 4MTRS INNO-96.
in the reviewed papers have been identified and listed in Table V
A light sensor is a photoelectric device
and Table VI, respectively. Analyzing these two tables, some sen- Light Sensor
that converts light energy
sors and boards are presented in Fig. 3. 10 [9–11, 14–17]
detected to electrical energy.
[21, 22]
Example: LM393.

Table 6. Different Boards Used in IoT-Based Smart Poultry Farming

SL Board Name Description
A Arduino UNO consists of a microcontroller
Arduino UNO and an Integrated Development Environment
1
[10, 14, 18, 20, 21, 27] to write and upload computer code
to the physical board.
Raspberry Pi A The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized
2
[8, 15, 21, 23] computer widely used in many areas.
A Node MCU is an open-source Lua-based
Node MCU
3 firmware and development board specially
[19]
Fig. 3. bb targeted for IoT-based Applications.

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Volume 184 - No.2, December 2022

4.8 IoT platforms are used in IoT-based Smart Poultry 5. DISCUSSION

Farming In our research, we reviewed 20 papers from 2013 to 2022. After a
Several IoT platforms are discussed to address the eighth research rigorous analysis, various issues are identified and discussed in this
question, commonly used for Poultry Farming. It is depicted in Ta- section. In the first subsection, we will focus on the main findings;
ble VII. in the second subsection, we will address research implications;
and in the third subsection, we will discuss study limitations based
on our review.
Table 7. Different IoT Platforms Used in IoT-based Smart
Poultry Farming 5.1 Findings
Open to Support for
Web Data In this review, we tried to project a complete view of IoT- based
SL Framework Third CSTR
Based Mgmt. Smart Poultry Farming; therefore, we formulated nine research
Party Devices
1 IBM Watson Yes Yes Yes Yes questions to address the specific issues. We collected 20 papers
2 Xively No No Yes Yes across the globe and efficiently scrutinized them. Based on the cur-
3 OpenHAB No No No Yes rent work, we got information regarding IoT-based Smart Poultry
4 Thin Worx Yes Yes Yes Yes Farming, which is depicted in tabular format, figures, and rele-
5 IFTTT No No Yes No vant graphs. Though we’ve done the review based on the papers
6 ScriptIoT Yes No No No from 2013 to 2022, we have emphasized the papers of 2020 and
7 ThingSpeak No No Yes Yes
2021 to keep our work up-to-date. Our study indicates that most
of the documents focus on implementation, and there is very little
8 Carriots No No Yes Yes
work on literature review. Analysis of the collected data specifies
9 AllJoyn Yes Yes No Yes
that gas control is the most crucial parameter for Poultry Farm-
10 Iotvity Yes Yes No Yes
ing. Gas sensors the sensing of gas values in Poultry Farm. These
sensors are deployed throughout the farm so that the gas data can
be obtained systematically. It is also found that Arduino is the most
commonly used board needed for implementing such a system. De-
4.9 Wireless communication technologies/protocols pending upon the relevancy, we selected 1 Bangladeshi paper where
all were implementation papers. Since founding no review paper
are used in IoT-based Smart Poultry Farming
based on the context of Bangladesh, this work may be considered
Some commonly used wireless technologies to address the ninth the Bangladeshi trailblazer in IoT-based Smart Poultry Farming re-
research question have been identified from the papers we reviewed view. In this research, we also made a particular focus on Indian
and internet searching. It is depicted in Table VIII. trends so that we can summarize what is going on in our neigh-
boring Country. We collected all IoT protocols and popular IoT
platforms to make the implementation easy in future.
Table 8. Different Wireless Communication Technology/Protocol
Used in IoT-Based Smart Poultry Farming 5.2 Implications
Data Power
SL Technology Frequency Range Cost This research provides a platform for further research on IoT- based
Rate Usage
Cellular .1-1 Sev. Smart Poultry Farming. Especially the farmers who are in direct
1 NB-IoT Med High contact with Poultry Farming can benefit from it if we can take
Brands Mbps Miles
Cellular 10 Sev. these technologies to the grassroots level. This study also indicates
2 2G/3G High High the technologies used to develop IoT applications during the period
Brands Mbps Miles
Cellular 1-10 Sev. reviewed, and it has extensive knowledge about advanced IoT ap-
3 LTE Cat 0/1 Med High plications to automate farming processes. Furthermore, the study
Brands Mbps Miles
subGhz, 40.25 100 Sq identified collected sensor data and technology, most considered
4 802.15.4 Low Low for developing IoT-based applications in farming sectors towards
2.4Ghz Kbps Miles
subGhz, the significant improvement of the business.
.1-54 300
5 Wi-Fi 2.4Ghz, Med Low
Mbps Feet
5Ghz 5.3 Study Limitations and Future Scope
250 300
6 ZigBee 2.4Ghz Low Med The research is a pioneer work in Bangladesh; however, it also has
Kbps Feet
1-3 300 some limitations. In this work, we reviewed only 20 papers, where
7 Bluetooth 2.4Ghz Low Med proposed system papers were 19, and the review was 1. These do
Mbps Feet
50 1-3 not reflect the entire scenario in the context of IoT-based Smart
8 LoRa subGhz Low Med Poultry Farming. Furthermore, there are very few works based on
Kbps Miles
1 Sev.
the Bangladeshi context. Out of our 20 papers, we found one (1)
9 SigFox subGhz Low Med article based on the Bangladesh context. Therefore, our writing can
Kbps Miles
40 100
be considered a milestone for further research in IoT-based Smart
10 Z-Wave subGhz
Kbps Feet
Low Med Poultry Farming and other related IoT-based Smart Poultry Farm-
ing issues in Bangladesh. Investigation of the commercial services,
android apps, and implementation procedures are left for future ex-
ploration.

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Volume 184 - No.2, December 2022

6. CONCLUSIONS [13] M. Singh, R. Kumar, D. Tandon, P. Sood, and M. Sharma,

“Artificial intelligence and iot based monitoring of poultry
We gathered and extracted the most relevant to the problems of health: A review,” in 2020 IEEE International Conference on
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on the initial research questions mentioned earlier, and we project
[14] A. Batuto, T. B. Dejeron, P. D. Cruz, and M. J. C. Sa-
them in the tabular format. Our survey emphasized the IEEE CS,
monte, “e-poultry: An iot poultry management system for
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small farms,” in 2020 IEEE 7th International Conference on
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Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA), pp. 738–
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