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Notes For Indices

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33 views

Notes For Indices

Uploaded by

m.abbas14122
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Notes for Indices

Indices, also known as powers or exponents, are values that indicate the
number of times a given number has to be multiplied In financial
markets, indexes are used as benchmarks to evaluate investment
performance. In nonfiction books, an index is an alphabetical listing of
names, places, and topics along with page numbers. It is an abbreviation of
repeated multiplication
Index (indices) in Math’s is the power or exponent which is raised to a number or
a variable. For example, in number 24, 4 is the index of 2. The plural form of index is
indices. In algebra, we come across constants and variables. The constant is a value
which cannot be changed. Whereas a variable quantity can be assigned any number
or we can say its value can be changed. In algebra, we deal with indices in terms of
numbers. Let us learn the laws/rules of the indices along with formulas and solved
examples.

A number or a variable may have an index. Index of a variable (or a


constant) is a value that is raised to the power of the variable. The indices
are also known as powers or exponents. It shows the number of times a
given number has to be multiplied. It is represented in the form:

am = a × a × a ×……× a (m times)

Here, a is the base and m is the index.

The index says that a particular number (or base) is to be multiplied by itself,
the number of times equal to the index raised to it. It is a compressed
method of writing big numbers and calculations.

Example: 23 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8

In the example, 2 is the base and 3 is the index.

Laws of Indices
There are some fundamental rules or laws of indices which are necessary to
understand before we start dealing with indices. These laws are used while
performing algebraic operations on indices and while solving the algebraic
expressions, including it.
Rule 1: If a constant or variable has index as ‘0’, then the result will be
equal to one, regardless of any base value.

a0 = 1

Example: 50 = 1, 120 = 1, y0= 1

Rule 2: If the index is a negative value, then it can be shown as the


reciprocal of the positive index raised to the same variable.

a-p = 1/ap

Example: 5-1 = ⅕, 8-3=1/83

Rule 3: To multiply two variables with the same base, we need to add its
powers and raise them to that base.

ap.aq = ap+q

Example: 52.53 = 52+3 = 55

Rule 4: To divide two variables with the same base, we need to subtract the
power of denominator from the power of numerator and raise it to that base.

ap/aq = ap-q

Example: 104/102 = 104-2 = 102

Rule 5: When a variable with some index is again raised with different
index, then both the indices are multiplied together raised to the power of
the same base.

(ap)q = apq

Example: (82)3 = 82.3 = 86

Rule 6: When two variables with different bases, but same indices are
multiplied together, we have to multiply its base and raise the same index to
multiplied variables.
ap.bp = (ab)p

Example: 32.52 = (3 x 5)2 = 152

Rule 7: When two variables with different bases, but same indices are
divided, we are required to divide the bases and raise the same index to it.

ap/bp = (a/b)p

Example: 32/52 = (⅗)2

Rule 8: An index in the form of a fraction can be represented as the radical


form.

ap/q = q√ap

Example: 61/2 = √6

Indices Maths Problems


Q.1: Multiply x4y3z2 and xy5z-1

Solution: x4y3z2 and xy5z-1

= x4.x .y3.y5.z2.z-1

= x4+1.y3+5.z2-1

= x5.y8.z

Q.2: Solve a3b2/a2b4

Solution: a3b2/a2b4

= a3-2b2-4

= a1b-2

= a b-2
= a/b2

Q.3: Find the value of 272/3.

Solution: 272/3

= 3√272

= 32

=9

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