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Intersting

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9 views

Intersting

Uploaded by

napewom283
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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### **Environment Notes**

**Topic: Understanding the Environment**

1. **Definition of Environment**:

- The environment encompasses all living (biotic) and non-living


(abiotic) things around us.

- It includes natural resources, ecosystems, biodiversity, and


everything that sustains life on Earth.

2. **Components of the Environment**:

- **Biotic Factors**: All living organisms, including plants, animals,


and microorganisms.

- **Abiotic Factors**: Non-living elements such as air, water, soil,


sunlight, temperature, and minerals.

3. **Types of Environments**:

- **Natural Environment**: Includes untouched natural landscapes,


such as forests, rivers, mountains, oceans.

- **Human-Made Environment**: Man-made surroundings like


cities, buildings, roads, and factories.

4. **Ecosystem**:

- An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting


with each other and their physical surroundings.

- Examples: Forest ecosystems, marine ecosystems, grasslands.

- **Types of Ecosystems**:

- **Terrestrial Ecosystems**: Forests, deserts, grasslands.


- **Aquatic Ecosystems**: Freshwater (rivers, lakes) and marine
(oceans, seas).

5. **Importance of the Environment**:

- Provides resources for survival: air, water, food, shelter.

- Maintains biodiversity, which helps balance ecosystems.

- Supports agriculture, industries, and energy production.

- Acts as a carbon sink and helps regulate climate.

6. **Environmental Pollution**:

- **Air Pollution**: Caused by pollutants like smoke, dust, gases


from vehicles, industries, and burning of fossil fuels.

- **Water Pollution**: Contamination of water bodies due to


chemicals, sewage, plastic, and waste from industries and
households.

- **Soil Pollution**: Caused by excessive use of pesticides,


fertilizers, and industrial waste.

- **Noise Pollution**: Excessive noise from traffic, construction,


and factories that affects human and animal health.

7. **Global Environmental Issues**:

- **Climate Change**: Global warming caused by an increase in


greenhouse gases (CO\(_2\), methane) in the atmosphere.

- **Deforestation**: Large-scale cutting down of forests for


agriculture, urbanization, and industrialization, leading to loss of
biodiversity.

- **Loss of Biodiversity**: Extinction of species due to habitat loss,


pollution, and climate change.

- **Ozone Layer Depletion**: Reduction of the ozone layer due to


chemicals like CFCs, leading to higher UV radiation.
- **Waste Management**: Growing amounts of waste, especially
plastic waste, affecting land and water.

8. **Sustainable Development**:

- Meeting current needs without compromising the ability of


future generations to meet their needs.

- Emphasizes renewable energy sources, conserving resources,


and reducing waste.

- Examples: Solar and wind energy, rainwater harvesting,


recycling, afforestation.

9. **Conservation of Natural Resources**:

- **Renewable Resources**: Resources that can replenish


naturally, such as solar energy, wind, water.

- **Non-renewable Resources**: Fin

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