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GENERAL APTITUDE

( k + 2) an integer?
2

1. For what values of k given below is

k −3
A. 4, 8, 18 B. 4, 10, 16
C. 4, 8, 28 D. 8, 26, 28
Ans. C
Solution
( k + 2) must be an integer, we can verify the options.
2

Since
k −3
(4+2)2 (8+2)2 (28+2)2
= 36 ; = 20 ; = 36
4−3 8−3 28−3
So, option (c)  4, 8, 28

2. “Since you have gone off the _________, the _________ sand is likely to damage the car”. The
words that best fill the blanks in the above sentence are
A. course, coarse B. course, course
C. coarse, course D. coarse, coarse
Ans. A
Solution

Going off the course – not following the intended route.

Coarse sand – harsh in texture

3. The three roots of the equation f ( x ) = 0 are x = −2,0,3 . What are the three values of
for which f ( x − 3) = 0?
A. -5, -3, 0 B. -2, 0, 3
C. 0, 6, 8 D. 1, 3, 6
Ans. D
Solution

𝑓(𝑥) = 0 for 𝑥 = {−2,0,3}

So, 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)𝑥(𝑥 − 3) = 0
𝑓(𝑥 − 3) = (𝑥 − 3 + 2)(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 3 − 3) = 0
𝑥 = 1, 3, 6

4. Functions, F ( a, b) and G ( a, b ) are defined as follows:

F ( a, b) = ( a − b)
2
and G ( a, b) = a − b , where x represents the absolute value of x. What
would be the value of (
G F (1, 3) , G (1, 3) ?)
A. 2 B. 4
C. 6 D. 36
Ans. A
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Solution
F ( a, b ) = ( a − b )
2

G ( a, b ) = a − b

( ) (
G F (1, 3) , G (1, 3) = G (1 − 3) , 1 − 3
2
)
= G ( 4, 2)
= 4−2 = 2

5. “A common misconception among writers is that sentence structure mirrors thought;

the more _________ the structure, the ted the ideas”.
A. detailed B. simple
C. clear D. convoluted
Ans. D
Solution
Because the second half of the sentence illustrates the idea that “structure mirrors
thought,” any word that fills the blank must be similar in meaning to “convoluted.” The
two words that are similar to “convoluted” are “complicated” and “involved”, which
produce sentences alike in meaning. “Fanciful,” while somewhat similar in meaning to
“convoluted,” is not as similar to either “complicated” or “involved” as those words are
to each other. The other answer choices are not similar in meaning to “convoluted,”
and thus do not produce coherent sentences.
Thus the correct answer is complicated.

6. In a certain code AMCF is written as EQGJ and NKUF is written as ROYJ. How will
DHLP be written in the code?
A. RSTN B. TLPH
C. HLPT D. XSVR
Ans. C
Solution

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7. An e-mail password must contain three characters. The password has to contain one
numeral from 0 to 9, one upper case and one lower case character from the English
alphabet. How many distinct passwords are possible?
A. 6,760 B. 13,520
C. 40,560 D. 1,05,456
Ans. C
Solution

Since, there are three positions which can be filled either by upper case letter, lower
case letter or a number from 0 9 −
Hence, total choices are = 26 × 26 × 10 = 6760
3 characters can be arranged in 3! ways & hence total no of password can be =
3! × 6760 = 40560

8. A designer uses marbles of four different colours of his designs. The cost of each
marble is the same, irrespective of the colour. The table below shows the percentage
of marbles of each colour used in the current design. The cost of each marble
increased by 25%. Therefore, the designer decided to reduce equal numbers of
marbles of each colour to keep the total cost unchanged. What is the percentage of
blue marbles in the new design?
Blue Black Red Yellow
40% 25% 20% 15%
A. 35.75 B. 40.25
C. 43.75 D. 46.25
Ans. C
Solution

Assume total number of marbles = 100

Blue marble = 40
Black marble = 25
Red marble = 20
Yellow marble = 15
Cost of 1 marble be Rs. 1
Cost of marbles increased = 25%
New cost of 1 marble = Rs. 1.25
Let 𝑥 marbles are reduced from each type but the total cost must remain same i.e. Rs
100
Now,

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1.25[(40 − 𝑥) + (25 − 𝑥) + (20 − 𝑥) + (15 − 𝑥)] = 100

125 − 5𝑥 = 100
25 = 5𝑥
𝑥=5
So, now the numbers of different marbles are
Blue marble = 35
Black marble = 20
Red marble = 15
Yellow marble = 10
35
% blue marbles in new design = 80 × 100 = 43.75%

9. P, Q, R and S crossed a lake in a boat that can hold a maximum of two persons, with
only one set of oars. The following additional facts are available
i. The boat held two persons on each of the three forward trips across lake and one
person on each of the two return trips.
ii. P is unable to row when someone else is in the boat.
iii. Q is unable to row with anyone else except R.
iv. Each person rowed for at least one trip.
v. Only one person can row during a trip.
Who rowed twice?
A. P B. Q
C. R D. S
Ans. C
Solution
Since, P cannot row with anyone else so P must row while on return journey.
So, on first trip P & S leave in which S rows.
On the return trip P will row
On next trip P will leave with R and R will row & P will get down on other end.
Now R will return & row to pick Q up.
On the last trip Q & R will go in which Q will row the boat.
Hence, R rowed the boat twice

10. A class of twelve children has two more boys than girls. A group of three children are
randomly picked from this class to accompany the teacher on a field trip. What is the
probability that the group accompanying the teacher contains more girls than boys?
325
A. 0 B.
864
525 5
C. D.
864 12

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Ans. None of the options are correct. (Marks to all by IIT)

Solution

There are 7B and 5G

Through as question is stating 3 students are taken at random.
This can be a possible way to approach it.
G B
2 1
3 0
5
C2 +7 C1 +5 C3 +7 C0
= 12
C3
10  7 + 10  1 80 4
= = =  0.3636
12  10  11 220 11
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TECHNICAL SECTION
1. Consider a lossy transmission line with V1 and V2 as the sending and receiving end
voltages, respectively. Z and X are the series impedance and reactance of the line,
respectively. The steady-state stability limit for the transmission line will be
V1V2
A. greater than
X
V1V2
B. less than
X
V1V2
C. equal to
X

D. equal to V1V2
Z

Ans. B
Solution

With only x :

V1V2
Pmax =
x

With Lossy Tr. Line

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V1V2 AV22
P = cos (  −  ) − cos (  −  )
z z

V1V2
∴ With Lossy Line Pmax 
x

2. Two wattmeter method is used for measurement of power in a balanced three-phase

load supplied from a balanced three-phase system. If one of the wattmeter reads half
of the other (both positive), then the power factor of the load is
A. 0.532 B. 0.632
C. 0.707 D. 0.866
Ans. D
Solution

In two Wattmeter method

3 (W1 − W2 )
tan  =
(W1 + W2 )
W1
Given : W2 =
2
 W 
3 W1 − 1 
 2 
tan  =
 W1 
W1 + 2 
 
 = 30o
cos  = cos 30o = 0.866

3. A continuous-time input signal x (t ) is an eigen function of an LTI system, if the output

is
A. kx (t ) , where is an eigenvalue.
B. ke jt x (t ) , where is an eigenvalue and is a complex exponential signal.
C. x (t ) e jt , where e jt is a complex exponential signal.
D. k H ( ) , where k is an eigenvalue and H ( ) is a frequency response of the system.
Ans. A
Solution

If the output signal is a scalar multiple of input signal, the signal is refereed as an eigen
function (or characteristic function) and the multiplier is referred as an eigen value
(or characteristic value).
If 𝑥(𝑡) is the eigen function and 𝑘 is the eigen value, then output, 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑘𝑥(𝑡).
Hence, the correct option is (A).

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4. In the logic circuit shown in the figure, Y is given by

A. Y = ABCD
B. Y = ( A + B ) (C + D )

C. Y = A+B+C +D
D. Y = AB + CD
Ans. D
Solution

5. The value of the directional derivative of the function  ( x, y, z ) = xy 2 + yz 2 + zx2 at the

point (2, -1, 1) in the direction of the vector p = i + 2 j + 2k is

NAT: Ans. 1
Solution

∅ = 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦𝑧 2 + 𝑧𝑥 2
𝜕∅ 𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
∇∅ = 𝜕𝑥 𝑖̂ + 𝜕𝑦 𝑗̂ + 𝜕𝑧 𝑘̂ = (𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑧)𝑖̂ + (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 2 )𝑗̂ + (𝑥 2 + 2𝑦𝑧)𝑘̂
∇∅(2,−1,1) = 5𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
P
The directional derivative of  ( x, y, z ) at in (2, -1, 1) the direction of P is at . P .
P

 i + 2 j + 2k 
( )
= 5i − 3 j + 2k  
3

 
5−6+4
= =1
3

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6. Let f be a real valued function of a real variable defined as f ( x ) = x −  x  , where  x 

1.25

denotes the largest integer less than or equal to x. The value of  f ( x ) dx

0.25
is

________ (up to 2 decimal places).

Ans. (0.5)
Solution

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥] = {𝑥} = fractional part of 𝑥

Graph of fractional part of 𝑥 is given below.

It is periodic with period 1.

1.25 1 1
∫0.25 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2 × 1 × 1 = 0.5

7. The waveform of the current drawn by a semi-converter from a sinusoidal AC voltage

source is shown in the figure. If I0 = 20 A, the rms value of fundamental component of
the current is __________ A (up to 2 decimal places).

Ans. (17.39)
Solution

4I0 
is1 = cos
 2
2 2 
Is1 (rms ) = I0  cos
 2
2 2  30o 
=  20  cos   = 17.39 A
  2 

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8. The series impedance matrix of a short three-phase transmission line in phase

 Zs Zm Zm 
 
coordinates is  Zm Zs Zm  . If the positive sequence impedance is (1 + j10) , and the
 Zm Zm Zs 

zero sequence is ( 4 + j31) , then the imaginary part of Zm (in ) is __________ (up to 2
decimal places).
Ans. (7.00)
Solution

Z1 = (1 + j10 ) 
Z0 = ( 4 + j31) 
We know, Z1 = Zs − Zm
Z0 = Zs + 2Zm
−−−−−−−−−−−
Z1 − Z0 = −3 Zm
Z0 − Z1
Zm =
3
4 + j31 − 1 − j10 3 + j21
= = = (1 + j7 )
3 3
The imaginary part of Zm is 7.00.

 V1 
9. In the two-port network shown, the h11 parameter  where, h11 = , when V2 = 0  in
 Ii 
ohms is ________ (up to 2 decimal places).

Ans. (0.5)
Solution

𝑉1
To find ℎ11 = | the equivalent circuit is given below.
𝐼1 𝑉 =0
2

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By KCL,

Va − 1 Va Va + 2I1
+ + =0
1 1 1
3Va + 2I1 = 1 ...(i)
1 − Va
I1 = ...(ii)
1
Substitute equation (ii) in equation (i),
Va = −1
1 − Va 1 − ( −1)
I1 = = =2
1 1
V 1
h11 = 1 = = 0.5 
I1 2

10. The graph of a network has 8 nodes and 5 independent loops. The number of branches
of the graph is
A. 11 B. 12
C. 13 D. 14
Ans. B
Solution

loops = b − ( N − 1)
5 = b − ( 8 − 1)
5 = b−7
b = 12

11. In a salient pole synchronous motor, the developed reluctance torque attains the
maximum value when the load angle in electrical degree is
A. 0 B. 45o
C. 60o D. 90o
Ans. B
Solution

Reluctance power is given by

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𝑉𝑡2 1 1
𝑃= (𝑋 − 𝑋 ) sin 2𝛿 (𝑉𝑡 is the line voltage)
2 𝑞 𝑑
So, reluctance torque is
𝑃 𝑉𝑡2 1 1
𝑇= = (𝑋 − 𝑋 ) sin 2𝛿
𝜔𝑠 2𝜔𝑠 𝑞 𝑑
So, torque is maximum when 2𝛿 = 90°
𝛿 = 45°

12. Match the transfer functions of the second-order systems with the nature of the
system given below.
Transfer functions Nature of system
15
P. I. Overdamped
s2 + 5s + 15
25
Q. 2
II. Critically damped
s + 10s + 25
35
R. III. Underdamped
s2 + 18s + 35
A. P-I, Q-II, R-III
B. P-II, Q-I, R-III
C. P-III, Q-II, R-I
D. P-III, Q-I, R-II
Ans. C
Solution

15
𝑃=
𝑠 2 +5𝑠+15
𝜔𝑛 = √15 = 3.872rad/s
2𝜁𝜔𝑛 = 5
𝜁 = 0.645
So, P is underdamped.
25
𝑄=
𝑠 2 +10𝑠+25
𝜔𝑛 = √25 = 5rad/s
2𝜁𝜔𝑛 = 10
𝜁=1
So, Q is critically damped.
Observing all the options, option (c) is correct.

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13. A single-phase fully controlled rectifier is supplying a load with an anti-parallel diode
as shown in the figure. All switches and diodes are ideal. Which one of the following is
true for instantaneous load voltage and current?

A. v0  0 and i0  0

B. v0  0 and i0  0

C. v0  0 and i0  0

D. v0  0 and i0  0

Ans. C
Solution
Since, this converter has freewheeling diode, the output voltage cannot go negative
v0  0 .

Since, diodes and SCR are unidirectional current devices so current cannot reverse
i0  0 .

14. A positive charge of 1 nC is placed at (0, 0, 0.2) where all dimensions are in meters.
Consider the x-y plane to be a conducting ground plane. Take 0 = 8.85  10−12F/m. The Z
component of the E field at (0, 0, 0.1) is closed to
A. 899.18 V/m B. -899.18 V/m
C. 999.09 V/m D. -999.09 V/m
Ans. D
Solution
Due to infinite conducting plane, we have to consider an image charge symmetrically
below plane. Since one charge is placed at (0, 0, 0.2), the image charge will be at
(0, 0, -0.2)
Electric field at P will be sum of Field due to Q & -Q
Net electric field at point due to a charge Q is given by
𝑄
𝐸=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
So, electric field a point P is

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𝑄 𝑄
𝐸𝑃 = +
4𝜋𝜀0 (0.1)2 4𝜋𝜀0 (0.3)2
10−9 1 1
𝐸𝑃 = 4𝜋×8.854×10−12 (0.01 + 0.09) = 999.09V/m
Since, it is in downward direction so, 𝐸𝑃 = −999.09V/m

15. Consider a unity feedback system with forward transfer function given by
1
G ( s) =
( s + 1) ( s + 2)
The steady-state error in the output of the system for a unit-step input is __________
(upto 2 decimal places).
Ans. (0.66)
Solution
Steady-state error for type-0 and step input,
1
ess =
1 + kp
1 1
k p = Lim =
s → 0
( s + 1)( s + 2 ) 2
1 2
ess = = = 0.66 units
1 3
1+
2

16. Consider a non-singular 22 square matrix A. If trace ( A) = 4 and trace ( A ) = 5,

2
the
determinant of the matrix A is ________ (up 1 decimal place).
Ans. (5.5)
Solution
A is 2  2 matrix
Let 𝜆1 and 𝜆2 be the eigen value of matrix A.
Since, sum of eigen values = trace of a matrix
Therefore, 𝜆1 + 𝜆2 = 4
And 𝜆12 + 𝜆22 = 5
(𝜆1 + 𝜆2 )2 − (𝜆12 + 𝜆22 ) = 2 𝜆1 𝜆2 = 42 − 5 = 11
11
𝜆1 𝜆2 = = 5.5
2
det(𝐴) = 𝜆1 𝜆2 = 5.5

17. A 1000  1000 bus admittance matrix for an electric power system has 8000 non-zero
elements. The minimum number of branches (transmission lines and transformers) in
this system are ________ (upto 2 decimal places).
Ans. (3500)
Solution

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Number of buses = Number of diagonal elements = 1000

No. of non-zero elements = 8000
No. of non-zero off diagonal elements = 7000
No.of non−zero off diagonal elements 7000
No. of transmission lines = = = 3500
2 2

  
18. In the figure, the voltages are v1 (t ) = 100 cos (t ) , v2 (t ) = 100 cos  t +  and
 18 
  
v3 ( t ) = 100 cos  t + . The circuit is in sinusoidal steady-state, and R  L. P1, P2 and
 36 

P3 are the average power outputs. Which one of the following statements is true?

A. P1 = P2 = P3 = 0

B. P1  0, P2  0, P3  0

C. P1  0, P2  0, P3  0

D. P1  0, P2  0, P3  0

Ans. C
Solution

 180o
V2 : = = 10o
18 18
 180o
V3 : = = 5o
36 36
V2 leads V1 and V3.

So, current will flow from V2 towards V1 and V3.

Hence, P1  0, P2  0, P3  0

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19. The op-amp shown in the figure is ideal. The input impedance is given by

R1 R1
A. Z B. −Z
R2 R2
R1
C. Z D. −Z
R1 + R2

Ans. B
Solution
According to virtual ground
𝑉+ = 𝑉− = 𝑉𝑖𝑛
By KVL
𝑉0 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝐼𝑖𝑛 𝑍
𝑉𝑖𝑛 −𝑉0
𝐼𝑖𝑛 = …….(i)
𝑍
Also by voltage division
𝑅
𝑉0 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 (𝑅1 + 1) ………(ii)
2

Equation (ii) in equation (i)

𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑅1
𝐼𝑖𝑛 = −
𝑅2 𝑍
𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑅
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = = −𝑍 𝑅2
𝐼𝑖𝑛 1

z +1
20. The value of the integral  dz in counter clockwise direction around a circle C of
z2 − 4
radius 1 with center at the point z = −2 is
i
A. B. 2 i
2
i
C. − D. −2 i
2

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Ans. A
Solution
z +1
z 2
−4
dz

z +1
 ( z − 2) ( z + 2) dz
 z +1
 z − 2
 
 ( z + 2) dz
z +1
where, f ( z ) =
z −2

= 2 i f ( −2 )
 −2 + 1 
= 2 i  
 −2 − 2 
 −1   i
= 2 i  =
 −4  2

21. The positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of a 125 MVA, three-phase, 15.5
kV, star-grounded, 50 Hz generator are j0.1 pu, j0.05 pu and j0.01 pu respectively on
the machine rating base. The machine is unloaded and working at the rated terminal
voltage. If the grounding impedance of the generator is j0.01 pu then the magnitude of
fault current for a b-phase to ground fault (in kA) is _______ (upto 2 decimal places).
Ans. (73.52)
Solution

For LG fault,
3.VTh
Ifpu =
z1 + z2 + z0 + 3zn
31
=
0.1 + 0.05 + 0.01 + 3 (0.01)
P 125  106
Ibase = = = 4656.05 A
3.VL 3  15.5  103
If = Ifpu  Ibase = 15.789  4656.05
= 73516.538 = 73.52 kA

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22. Four power semiconductor devices are shown in the figure along with their relevant
terminals. The device(s) that can carry dc current continuously in the direction shown
when gated appropriately is (are)

A. Triace only
B. Triac and MOSFET
C. Triac and GTO
D. Thyristor and Triac
Ans. B
Solution
Since triac is bi-directional switch it can carry current in reverse direction.
MOSFET has in built anti-parallel diode so it can also carry current in reverse direction SCR
& GTO are unidirectional switched so they cannot carry current in reverse direction.

23. Let be a real-valued function of a real variable defined as f ( x ) = x2 for x  0, and

f ( x ) = −x2 for x  0. Which one of the following statements is true?
A. f (x) is discontinuous at x = 0.

B. f (x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0.

C. f (x) is differentiable but its first derivative is not continuous at x = 0.

D. f (x) is differentiable but its first derivative is not differentiable at x = 0.

Ans. D
Solution
 x
2
x0
f (x) =  2
− x x  0
 2x x  0
f '(x) = 
−2x x  0
2 x 0
f (x) = 
−2 x  0
The first derivation of f (i.e) f ' ( x ) is not derivable at x = 0.

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24. A single-phase 100 kVA, 1000 V/100 V, 50 Hz transformer has a voltage drop of 5%
across its series impedance at full load. Of this, 3% is due to resistance. The
percentage regulation of the transformer at full load with 0.8 lagging power factor is
A. 4.8 B. 6.8
C. 8.8 D. 10.8
Ans. A
Solution
Percent voltage regulation
I R  I X 
=  2 02  100  cos 2   2 02  100  sin 2
E
 2   E2 
% V.R. = Vr cos 2  Vx sin 2

(where, ‘+’ lag p.f. and ‘-‘ lead p.f.)

At full load:
Given, Vr = 3%

Impedance drop, Vz = 5%

Reactance drop, Vx = 52 − 32 = 4%

Voltage regulation at full load at 0.8 p.f. lagging

V.R. = 3 (0.8) + 4 (0.6 )
= 2.4 + 2.4 = 4.8%

25. A separately excited dc motor has an armature resistance Ra = 0.05 . The field
excitation is kept constant. At an armature voltage of 100 V, the motor produces a
torque of 500 Nm at zero speed. Neglecting all mechanical losses, the no-load speed of
the motor (in radian/s) for an armature voltage of 150 V is _________ (upto 2 decimal
places).
Ans. (150)
Solution
Given, separately initiated DC motor.
Field excitation is constant.

Producing a torque of 500 N-m

At zero speed,
𝑁 = 0 and 𝐸𝑏 = 0

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and 𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑟𝑎
𝑉 100
𝐼𝑎 = 𝑟𝑡 = 0.05 = 2000𝐴
𝑎

Since 𝑇 = 𝐾𝑎 ∅𝐼𝑎
500 1
𝐾𝑎 ∅ = 2000 = 4
When motor runs on no-load given all mechanical losses neglected. No-load current is
negligible and the voltage drop at no-load can be negligible.
So, 𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉𝑡 = 150𝑉
𝐸𝑏 = 𝐾𝑎 ∅𝜔𝑚
150
𝜔𝑚 = 1
4
𝜔𝑚 = 150 × 4 = 600rad/s

26. A transformer with tororidal core of permeability μ is shown in the figure. Assuming
uniform flux density across the circular core cross-section of radius r  R, and
neglecting any leakage flux, the best estimate for the mean radius R is

Vr 2Np2  Ir 2NP NS

A. B.
I V
Vr N 
2 2
 Ir 2Np2
C. p
D.
2I 2V
Ans. D
Solution

𝑑∅ 𝑑 𝑁𝑃 𝑖𝑃
𝑣𝑃 = 𝑁𝑃 = 𝑁𝑃 ( ) 𝑅𝑙 = reluctance
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝑙

𝑁𝑃2 𝑑(𝐼 sin 𝜔𝑡) 𝑁𝑃2

𝑣𝑃 = = × 𝜔𝐼 cos 𝜔𝑡 = 𝑉 cos 𝜔𝑡
𝑅𝑙 𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝑙
𝑁𝑃2 𝜔𝐼 𝑁𝑃2 𝜔𝐼 𝜇𝑁𝑃2 𝜔𝐼𝐴 𝜇𝑁𝑃2 𝜔𝐼𝜋𝑟 2
𝑉= = 𝑙 = =
𝑅𝑙 𝑙 2𝜋𝑅
𝜇𝐴
𝜇𝐼𝑟 2 𝑁𝑃2 𝜔
Hence, 𝑅 =
2𝑉

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27. The number of roots of polynomial, s7 + s6 +7s5 + 14s4 + 31s3 + 73s2 + 25s + 200, in the open
left half of the complex plane is
A. 3 B. 4
C. 5 D. 6
Ans. A
Solution
Characteristic equation,
s7 + s6 + 7s5 + 14s 4 + 31s3 + 73s2 +
25s + 200,

Auxiliary equation, A ( s ) = 8s4 + 48s2 + 200

d
A ( s ) = 32s3 + 96s
ds
Total no of poles = 7
Two sign change above auxiliary equation = 2 poles in RHS
Two sign changes below auxiliary equation implies out of 4 symmetric roots about
origin two poles are in LHS and two poles are in RHS.
∴ 3 poles in LHS and 4 poles in RHS.

28. The equivalent impedance Z eq for the infinite ladder circuit shown in the figure is

A. j12  B. − j12 

C. j13  D. 13 

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Ans. A
Solution

Assume equivalent impedance = Z

𝑍(𝑗4)
𝑍 = 𝑗9 + 𝑍+𝑗4
𝑗9(𝑍+𝑗4)+𝑗4𝑍
𝑍= 𝑍+𝑗4
2
𝑍 + 𝑗4𝑍 = 𝑗9𝑍 − 36 + 𝑗4𝑍
𝑍 2 − 𝑗9𝑍 + 36 = 0
(𝑍 − 𝑗12)(𝑍 + 𝑗3) = 0
𝑍 = 𝑗12

29. The capacitance of an air-filled parallel-plate capacitor is 60 pF. When a dielectric slab
whose thickness is half the distance between the plates, is placed on one of the plates
covering it entirely, the capacitance becomes 86 pF. Neglecting the fringing effects, the
relative permittivity of the dielectric is _________ (upto 2 decimal places).
Ans. (2.53)
Solution
0 A
Given : C = = 60 pF
d
In second case:

0 A
Capacitance, C1 =
d /2
2 0 A
= = 2  ( 60 pF ) = 120 pF
d
2 0 r A
and c2 = = (2  60 )  r pF = 120 r pF
d

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C1C2 120  120 r

Now, Ceq = = pF = 86 pF
C1 + C2 (120 + 120 r )

(given)
120  120 r
or, 86 =
120 (1 +  r )
86 r
=
120 1 +  r
86
or, r = = 2.53
34

30. The voltage across the circuit in the figure and the current through it, are given by the
following expressions:
(
v ( t ) = 5 − 10 cos t + 60o V )
i ( t ) = 5 + X cos (t ) A

where,  = 100  radian/s. If the average power delivered to the circuit is zero, then
the value of X(in ampere) is __________ (upto 2 decimal places).

Ans. (10)
Solution
For power calculation same frequency terms must be used in both voltage and
current.
1
𝑃 = 𝑉0 𝐼0 + 𝑉1 𝐼1 cos(𝜃𝑣 − 𝜃𝑖 )
2
𝑉1 = −10 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 60°) = 10 cos(𝜔𝑡 − 120°)
𝐼1 = 𝑋 cos(𝜔𝑡)
1
𝑃 = 5 × 5 + 2 × 10 × 𝑋 cos(120) = 0
25 + 5𝑋 cos(120) = 0
𝑋 = 10

31. A dc to dc converter shown in the figure is charging a battery bank, B2 whose voltage
is constant at 150 V. B1 is another batter bank whose voltage is constant at 50 V. The
value of the inductor. Is 5 mH and the ideal switch, is operated with a switching
frequency of 5 kHz with a duty ratio of 0.4. Once the circuit has attained steady state

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and assuming the diode to be ideal, the power transferred from to (in Watt) is ________
(upto 2 decimal places).

Ans. (12)
Solution
For continuous conduction:
s V 50 50
V0 = 1-D = 1−0.4 = 0.6 = 83.33V
Since V0 < 150, it is discontinuous mode

When S ON
𝑑𝐼𝐿 Vs 𝑑𝐼𝐿
Vs = L ⇒ =
𝑑𝑡 L 𝑑𝑡
Vs
IP = × DT ………………. (i)
L
When S OFF
𝑑𝐼𝐿 Vs −V0 𝑑𝐼𝐿
Vs − V0 = L ⇒ =
𝑑𝑡 L 𝑑𝑡
Vs −V0
IP = × (D-β)T ………………. (ii)
L
From (i) and (ii)
Vs Vs −V0
× DT = × (D-β)T
L L
Solving, we get
𝛽
V0 = 𝛽−D
𝛽
150 = 𝛽−0.4 × 50
𝛽 = 0.6
The power is transferred to 150V during DT to 𝛽T
50 1
From (i) IP = × 0.4 × = 0.8A
5×10−3 5×103
Power transferred to 150V source
1 1 1
P = T × 2 × IP × V0 × (𝛽 − D)T = 2 × 0.8 × 150 × (0.6 − 0.4) = 12W

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1 0 −1
32. Let A = −1 2 0

and B = A3 − A2 − 4 A + 5I, where I is the 33 identity matrix. The
 0 0 −2

determinant of B is ___________ (upto 1 decimal place).

Ans. (1)
Solution
 1 0 −1
 
A =  −1 2 0 
 0 0 −2
A − I = 0
1− 0 −1
−1 2 −  0 =0
0 0 −2 − 
(1 −  ) ( (2 −  ) ( −2 −  ) ) − 1 (0 − 0 ) = 0
 = 1,2, −2
Eigen values of A are 1,2, −2
Eigen values of A3 are 1, 8, −8
2
A are 1, 4, 4
4 A are 4, 8, − 8
5I are 5, 5,5
A3 − A2 − 4 A + 5I are 1, 1, 1
 | B | = (1) (1) (1) = 1

33. The figure shows two buck converters connected in parallel. The common input dc
voltage for the converters has a value of 100 V. The converters have inductors of
identical value. The load resistance is 1 . The capacitor voltage has negligible ripple.
Both converters operate in the continuous conduction mode. The switching frequency
is 1 kHz, and the switch control signals are as shown. The circuit operates in the
steady-state. Assuming that the converters share the load equally, the average value of
is1, the current of switch S1 (in ampere) is ________ (upto 2 decimal places).

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Ans. (12.5)
Solution
V0 = DVs = 0.5 × 100 = 50V
V0
I0 = R
P0 =V0 I0 = 2500W
By power conversion VS IS (avg) = V0 I0
2500
IS (avg) = = 25A
100
Since both the converter share equal current IS (avg)= 12.5A

34. Digital input signals A, B, C with A as the MSB and C as the LSB are used to realize the
Boolean function F = m0 + m2 + m3 + m5 + m7 , where mi denotes the i th minterm. In
addition, F has a don’t care for m1. The simplified expression for F is given by
A. AC + BC + AC
B. A+C
C. C+A
D. AC + BC + AC
Ans. B
Solution

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Given, F = m0 + m2 + m3 + m5 + m7 ,

and m1 = don't care

35. Which one of the following statements is true about the digital circuit shown in the
figure?

A. It can be used for dividing the input frequency by 3.

B. It can be used for dividing input frequency by 5.
C. It can be used for dividing the input frequency by 7.
D. It cannot be reliably used as a frequency divider due to disjoint internal cycles.
Ans. B
Solution

So, frequency will be divided by 5.

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36. The equivalent circuit of a single-phase induction motor is shown in the figure, where
the parameters are R1 = R2' = X l = X l' = 12 , XM = 240  and s is the slip. At no-load the
1 2

motor speed can be approximated to be the synchronous speed. The no-load lagging
power factor of the motor is ________ (upto 3 decimal places).

Ans. (0.106)
Solution
At synchronous speed s=0
So, the equivalent circuit will be

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Zeq =
(3 + j6) ( j120) + 12 + j132

(3 + j126)
= 138.56383.9 
Impedance angle will be p.f. angle
∴ No-load lagging p.f. of motor is
cos (83.9) = 0.106 lagging power factor

37. In the circuit shown in the figure, the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) has a current
gain  = 100. The base-emitter voltage drop is a constant, VBE = 0.7 V. The value of the
Thevenin’s equivalent resistance RTh (in ) as shown in the figure is ______ (up to 2
decimal places).

Ans. (92)
Solution
KVL @ input loop,
10.7 − 10k𝑖𝑏 − 0.7 − 1k𝑖𝑒 = 0
10.7 − 10k𝑖𝑏 − 0.7 − 1k(1 + 𝛽)𝑖𝑏 = 0
10 = 111𝑖𝑏
10
𝑖𝑏 = 111 mA
1010
Vab = 1k × 𝑖𝑒 = 1k(1 + 𝛽)𝑖𝑏 = V
111

For short circuit condition

10.7 − 10k𝑖𝑏 − 0.7 = 0

𝑖𝑏 = 1mA
ISC = 𝑖𝑒 = (1 + 𝛽)𝑖𝑏 = 101 × 1 = 101mA
Vab 1010 1010×1000
R Th = = 111×101m = = 90.09Ω
ISC 111×101

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38. Consider a system governed by the following equations:

𝑑𝑥1 (𝑡)
= 𝑥2 (𝑡) − 𝑥1 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥2 (𝑡)
= 𝑥1 (𝑡) − 𝑥2 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡

The initial conditions are such that 𝑥1 (0) < 𝑥2 (0) < ∞. Let 𝑥1𝑓 = lim 𝑥1 (𝑡) and 𝑥2𝑓 =
𝑡→∞
lim 𝑥2 (𝑡). Which one of the following is true?
𝑡→∞
A. 𝑥1𝑓 < 𝑥2𝑓 < ∞
B. 𝑥2𝑓 < 𝑥1𝑓 < ∞
C. 𝑥2𝑓 = 𝑥1𝑓 < ∞
D. 𝑥2𝑓 = 𝑥1𝑓 = ∞
Ans. C
Solution
Converting to state model

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39. Consider the two bus power system network with given loads as shown in the figure.
All the values shown in the figure are in per unit. The reactive power supplied by
generator and are and respectively. The per unit values of and line reactive power loss
respectively are

A. 5.00, 12.68, 2.68

B. 6.34, 10.00, 1.34
C. 6.34, 11.24, 2.68
D. 5.00, 11.34, 1.34
Ans. C
Solution

At G2 load demand is 20 pu, G2 supplies only 15. Remaining supplied by G1 through

transmission line.
VSVR
Ps = sin 
XL
11
5= sin 
0.1
 = 30o
VS2 VS VR
QS = − cos 
XL XL
12 11
= − cos 30o = 1.34 p.u.
0.1 0.1
VV V2
QR = S R cos  − R
XL XL
11 12
= cos 30o − = −1.34 p.u.
0.1 0.1
Qloss = QS − QR
= 1.34 − ( −1.34 ) = 2.68 p.u.

At G1 :
QG1 = Qload + QS
= 5 + 1.34 = 6.34 p.u.

At G2 :

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QG 2 = Qload + ( −QR )
= 10 − ( −1.34 ) = 11.34 p.u.

40. A three-phase load is connected to a three-phase balanced supply as shown in the

figure. If Van = 1000o V.Vbn − 120o V and Vcn = 100 − 240o V (angles are considered
positive in the anti-clockwise direction), the value of R for zero current in the neutral
wire is ________  (upto 2 decimal places).

Ans. (5.77)
Solution
From the given voltages,
VRN 1000o
IR = =
R R
VYN 100 − 120o
IY = = = 10 − 210o
jX L j10
VBN 100 − 240o
IB = = = 10 − 150o
− jX C − j10

For IN = 0
IR + IY + IB = 0
100
+ 10 − 210o + 10 − 150o = 0
R
R = 5.77 

41. A 200 V DC series motor, when operating from rated voltage while driving a certain
load, draws 10 A current and runs at 1000 rpm. The total series resistance is 1  . The
magnetic circuit is assumed to be linear. At the same supply voltage, the load torque is
increased by 44%. The speed of the motor in rpm (rounded to the nearest integer) is
________________.
Ans. (825)
Solution

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Given, 𝐼𝑎1 = 10A

𝑁1 = 1000rpm
(R a + R se ) = 1Ω
T2 = 1.44T1
In series motor,
𝑇 ∝ 𝐼𝑎2

𝑇1 𝐼𝑎21
=
𝑇2 𝐼𝑎22
𝑇1 102
= 2
1.44𝑇1 𝐼𝑎2
𝐼𝑎2 = 12A
Also,
𝐸𝑏 ∝ 𝐼𝑎 𝑁

𝐸𝑏1 𝐼𝑎1 𝑁1
=
𝐸𝑏2 𝐼𝑎2 𝑁2

200 − 10(1) 10 × 1000

=
200 − 12(1) 12 × 𝑁

𝑁 = 824.56rpm

42. The unit step response y (t ) of a unity feedback system with open-loop transfer
K
function G (s) H (s) = is shown in the figure. The value of K is __________
( s + 1) ( s + 2)
2

(upto 2 decimal places).

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Ans. (8)
Solution
From the response steady state value of the function is 0.8. So finding the steady state
value.
Closed loop transfer function,
K
C (s) ( s + 1) ( s + 2)
2

=
R (s) K
1+
( s + 1) ( s + 2)
2

C (s) K
=
R (s) ( s + 1) ( s + 2) + K
2

1
Given, R (s) =
s
K
C (s) =
s ( s + 1) ( s + 2) + K 
 2

 
Lim sC ( s ) = 0.8 ( given)
s →0

K
= 0.8
2+K
 K =8

43. The positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of a three-phase generator are
Z1, Z2 and Z0 respectively. For a line-to-line fault with fault impedance Zf , the fault
current is If 1 = kIf , where If is the fault current with zero fault impedance. The
relation between Zf and k is

A. Zf =
( Z1 + Z2 ) (1 − k )
k

B. Zf =
( Z1 + Z2 ) (1 + k )
k

C. Zf =
( Z1 + Z2 ) k
1−k

D. Zf =
( Z1 + Z2 ) k
1+ k

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Ans. A
Solution
For LL fault:
Without Zf ,

3 Eg
If =
Z1 + Z2

With Zf ,

3 Eg
If 1 =
Z1 + Z2 + Zf

Given, If 1 = k  If

3  Eg  3 Eg 
= k
Z1 + Z2 + Zf  Z1 + Z2 
 
Z1 + Z2 = k ( Z1 + Z2 + Zf )

Zf =
( Z1 + Z2 ) (1 − k )
k

z2
44. If C is a circle | z | = 4 and f ( z ) = , then  f ( z ) dz is
(z )
2
2
− 3z + 2 C

A. 1 B. 0
C. -1 D. -2
Ans. B
Solution
z2
 (z 2
− 3z + 2 )
dz

z2
 ( z − 1) ( z − 2) 2
dz

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1 d  z2 
Res. f ( z ) = Lt ( )
2
z − 1  
z →1 1! dz 
( ) ( ) 
2 2
z =1
 z − 1 z − 2
 2z ( z − 2 )2 − 2 z 2 ( z − 2 ) 
= Lt  
z →1 
( ) 
4
 z − 2 
 2z ( z − 2) − 2z 2 
= Lt  
z →1 
( z − 2) 
3
 
−4
= =4
−1

1 d  z2 
Res. f ( z ) = Lt ( z − 2) 
2

z →2 1! dz 
( ) ( ) 
2 2
z =2
 z − 1 z − 2
 ( z − 1)2 .2 z − z 2 ( z − 1) 
= Lt  
z →2 
( ) 
4
 z − 1 
 2z ( z − 1) − 2z 2 
= Lt  
z →2 
( z − 1) 
3
 
4−8
= = −4
1
By residue theorem, I = 2 i ( 4 − 4) = 0

45. The per unit power output of a salient pole generator which is connected to an infinite
bus, is given by the expression, P = 1.4 sin  + 0.15 sin2 , where  is the load angle.
Newton-Raphson method is used to calculate the value of  for P = 0.8 pu. If the initial
guess is 30o, then its value (in degree) at the end of the first iteration is
A. 15° B. 28.48°
C. 28.74° D. 31.20°
Ans. C
Solution

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P ( ) = 1.4 sin  + 0.15 sin2 = 0.8

= 1.4 sin  + 0.15 sin2 − 0.8 = 0
d
P ' ( ) =
d
( p ( ) )
= 1.4 cos  + 0.30 cos 2

Given,  0 = 30o

By using Newton Raphson method

f ( 0 ) P ( 0 )
 = 1 −  0 = =−
f ' ( 0 ) P ' ( 0 )

1.4 sin30o + 0.15 sin60o − 0.8

1 − 30o =
1.4 cos 30o + 0.3 cos 60o
1 − 30 = −0.0219 rad = −1.26o
o

1 = 28.74o

46. A phase controlled single-phase rectifier, supplied by an AC source, feeds power to an

R-L-E load as shown in the figure. The rectifier output voltage has an average value
Vm
given by V0 =
2
(3 + cos  ) , where Vm = 80  volts and  is the firing angle. If the power
delivered to the lossless batter is 1600 W. α in degree is _________ (upto 2 decimal
places).

Ans. (90)
Solution
Power delivered to battery = 1600W
P 1600
Current = E = = 20A
80
V0 = E+I0 R = 80 + 20 × 2 = 120V
V
V0 = 2𝜋m (3 + cos 𝛼)
80𝜋
V0 = (3 + cos 𝛼)
2𝜋
3 + cos 𝛼 = 3
𝛼 = 90°

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47. As shown in the figure, C is the arc from the point (3, 0) to the point (0, 3) on the circle
x2 + y 2 = 9. The value of the integral  ( y 2 + 2yx ) dx + (2xy + x2 ) dy is ________ (upto 2
C

decimal places).

Ans. (0)
Solution
Consider a closed curve C and the coordinate axes.
Applying Green’s Theorem
𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
 (y ) ( )
+ 2yx dx + 2xy + x2 dy = ∬ ( 𝜕𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
2

C
𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑁 𝜕(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 )
= = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑀 𝜕(𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)
= = 2𝑦 + 2𝑥
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
− =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

 (y ) ( )
2
So, + 2yx dx + 2xy + x2 dy =0
C

48. Let f ( x ) = 3x3 − 7x2 + 5x + 6. The maximum value of f (x) over the interval [0, 2] is
________ (upto 1 decimal place).
Ans. (12)
Solution

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f ( x ) = 3x 3 − 7 x 2 + 5x + 6
f ' ( x ) = 9 x 2 − 14x + 5
f " ( x ) = 18x − 14
f '(x) = 0
2
x − 14x + 5 = 0
x = 1, 0.55
x =1
f " (1) = 18 − 14 = 4  0 ,minima
x = 0.55
f " ( 0.55) = −4.1  0 maxima
Maximum f ( 0 ) , f ( 0.55) , f (2 )
Maximum 6, 7.13, 12 = 12

1
49. The Fourier transform of a continuous time signal x (t ) is given by X ( ) = .
(10 + j )
2

−     , where j = −1 and  denotes frequency. Then the value of |ln 𝑥(𝑡)| at t = 1

is ________(upto 1 decimal place). (In denotes the logarithm to base e).
Ans. (10)
Solution
1
X ( ) = .
(10 + j )
2

By taking inverse Fourier transform,

x (t ) = te−10t u (t )

Now, x ( t )t = 1 = 1  e −10  1 = e −10

Thus, |ln 𝑥(𝑡)| = |ln 𝑒 −10 |

= −10 = 10

50. A 0-1 ampere moving iron ammeter has an internal resistance of 50 m and
inductance of 0.1 mH. A shunt coil is connected to extend its range to 0-10 Ampere for
all operating frequencies. The time constant in milliseconds and resistance in m of
the shunt coil respectively are
A. 2,5.55 B. 2, 1
C. 2.18,0.55 D. 11.1,2
Ans. A
Solution
For all frequencies time constants of the shunt and meter arm should be equal.
 Lm  Lsh
i.e., =
Rm Rsh

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Lm L
or, = sh
Rm Rsh
Lm 0.1  10−3
or, = = 0.002
Rm 50  10−3

and given, Im = 1 A, Rm = 50 m
Lm = 0.1 mH, I = 10 A
Rm I
We know, Rsh = ; m=
( m − 1) Im

10
Here, = 10
1
50  10−3 50  10−3
 Rsh = = = 5.55 m
10 − 1 9
∴ Option (A) is correct.

51. The voltage v (t ) across the terminals a and b shown in the figure, is a sinusoidal
voltage having a frequency  = 100radian/s. When the inductor current i ( t ) is in phase
with the voltage v (t ) , the magnitude of the impedance Z (in  ) seen between the
terminals a and b is __________ (upto 2 decimal places).

Ans. (50)
Solution
Capacitive reactance
1 −𝑗
𝑋𝐶 = = = −𝑗100
𝑗𝜔𝐶 100 × 100 × 10−6

100 × −𝑗100
𝑍 = 𝑗𝜔𝐿 + = 𝑗𝜔𝐿 + 50 − 𝑗50
100 − 𝑗100
When the inductor current i ( t ) is in phase with the voltage v (t ) , the circuit is in
resonance. So the impedance will only be resistive at resonance. Hence, Z=50

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52. A DC voltage source is connected to a series L-C circuit by turning on the switch S at
time t = 0 as shown in the figure. Assume i ( 0 ) = 0, v ( 0 ) = 0. Which one of the
following circular loci represents the plot of i ( t ) versus v ( t ) ?

A.

B.

C.

D.
Ans. B
Solution
𝐶 1
𝑖 = 𝑉𝑆 √𝐿 sin 𝜔𝑡 where, 𝜔 =
√𝐿𝐶
So, 𝑖 = 5 sin 𝑡
𝑑𝑉
𝑖 = 𝐶 𝑑𝑡
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1 𝑡 𝑡
𝑣 = 𝐶 ∫0 𝑖 𝑑𝑡 = ∫0 5 sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 5(1 − cos 𝑡)
𝑖 = 5 sin 𝑡 and 𝑣 = 5 − 5cos 𝑡 ⇒ (5 − 𝑣) = 5 cos 𝑡
Squaring and adding
(5 − 𝑣)2 + 𝑖 2 = 25
Or, (𝑣 − 5)2 + 𝑖 2 = 25
This is the equation of circle with center (5,0)

53. Consider the two continuous-time signals defined below:

These signals are sampled with a sampling period of T = 0.25 seconds to obtain
discrete-time signals x1 n and x2 n , respectively. Which one of the following
statements is true?
A. The energy of x1 n is greater than the energy of x2 n .

B. The energy of x2 n is greater than the energy of x1 n .

C. x1 n and x2 n have equal energies.

D. Neither x1 n nor x2 n is a finite energy signal.
Ans. A
Solution
| t |, −1  t  1
x1 (t ) = 
0, otherwise

Ts = sampling time-period
= 0.25 sec
x1 ( n ) = 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75,1

1− | t |, −1  t  1
Now, x2 (t ) = 
0, otherwise

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x2 ( n ) = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75,1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0

Since x1 ( n) is having one more non-zero sample of amplitude ‘1’ as compared to x2 ( n) .

Therefore, energy of x1 ( n) is greater than energy of x2 ( n) .

54. The signal energy of the continuous-time signal

𝑥(𝑡) = [(𝑡 − 1)𝑢(𝑡 − 1)] − [(𝑡 − 2)𝑢(𝑡 − 2)] − [(𝑡 − 3)𝑢(𝑡 − 3)] + [(𝑡 − 4)𝑢(𝑡 − 4)] is
11 7
A. B.
3 3
1 5
C. D.
3 3
Ans. D
Solution
From the given equation graph of 𝑥(𝑡) will be

∞
𝐸{𝑥(𝑡)} = ∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡
−∞
2 3 4
= ∫ (𝑡 − 1) 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 1 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ −(𝑡 + 4)2 𝑑𝑡
2 2
1 2 3
1 1 5
= +1+ =
3 3 3
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55. A three-phase, 900 kVA, 3kV/√3kV (  /Y, ) 50 Hz transformer has primary (high
voltage side) resistance per phase of 0.3  and secondary (low voltage side)
resistance per phase of 0.02  . Iron loss of the transformer is 10 kW. The full load %
efficiency of the transformer operated at unity power factor is _________ (upto 2 decimal
places).
Ans. (97.36)
Solution
900 kVA,  /Y, 3-phase transformer,

Given,
R1 = 0.3  /ph
R2 = 0.02  /ph
Iron loss = 10 kW

Phase voltage on delta (HV) side = 3kV

√3
Phase voltage on star (LV) side = = 1kV
√3
1 2
Primary resistance referred to secondary = (3) × 0.3 = 0.033
Total resistance on secondary side = 0.033+0.02 = 0.0533
900×103
Full load phase current on secondary side I = = 300A
√3×√3×103
Total copper loss or ohmic loss = 3I2 R = 3 × 3002 × 0.0533 = 14400W = 14.4kW
output
Efficiency 𝜂 =
output+losses
900×1
𝜂= = 0.9736 = 97.36%
900×1+14.4+10

***

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