HEWLETI-PACKARD

HP 82182A

Time Module
OWNER'S MANUAL

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 F/i;W HEWLETT
~r.JIII PACKARD

HP 82182A
Time Module

Owner's Manual

January 1982

82182 -90001

Printed in U.S.A. © Hewlett-Packard Company 1982

 Addendum
This addendum conta ns i nformation for the HP 82182A Time Module Owner's Manual, part number 82182·
90001 . dated January 1982_

Page 43, under The Alarm Catalog. When printing the alarm catalog, p ort. 3 of the calculator should
be empty or co ntain one of the following accessories only: the HP 2143APrinter, the HP 2160A HP-JL
Module. orthe time module. Improper operation may occur if a nother module or aeces ory is plugged into
this port while the Alarm Catalogis beingprinted.

rJ,0'I HEWLETT
~~ PACKARD

Corvallis Division
1000 N .E. Circle Blvd .. Corvallis. OR 97330. U.S .A .

82182-90019 a;·Hewlett -Paekard Company' 982 printed In U.S A 2 82

 Contents

Introduction ... . . ...... .... .. .. .. . . .............. . .... . .. ...... ... .... .. .. ....... 7
Installing and Removing the Time Module ........... ............ ........ . ........... 7
Using This Manual .. ........ ...... .. ................. ...... .. . ................... . 8
Variable Time Display Convention ....................................•........... 8
Display Formats .......... .. ......... . .. . ......•......•...........•.... ...••. ... 8
Terminology ......••.••.........•..••..••..•...•..••.•••.•.....•.•.............. 8
Keys Printed in Blue ..... . .. .. ...... . .... . .... .. . ... ... .... ..... ... ........... . .. 8
Getting Started .................................... . .............................. 9
Using Your Calculator as a Clock and a Calendar ................................... 9
Time and Date Input and Display Formats ..........................•.............. 9
A.M. and P.M. Time Inputs ...... ...................... .. .. ....... .. . .. .... . . . . .. 10
Using Your Calculator as a Stopwatch . . • • • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . .. 10
The Time Module's Timekeeping Devices. . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11

Section 1: Date and Time Functions . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . .. 13

Date and Time Formatting .................................•..................... 13
Date Formatting . .. .......•..••.•••.........•...•..•.. ... . . ••..•..•••......... 13
Time Display Formatting .. . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
Setting the Date and Time .. .. ................................................ . . . 14
Setti ng the Date ......... .. ............... . ........ . ....... . ...... .. .. ... . .... 14
Setting the Time .................... ....... . . .............. . ... •. ....... . ..... 15
Clock Display Functions ..... . .......... .. ............ ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . .. 16
Specifying Clock Display Contents •..•• .........• •..••. ••... • . . .••.•••.•........ 16
Displaying the Clock .......................................................... 16
Adjusting the Current Time . ................. . ......... . ................. .. ..... . 17
How lT+x l Operates ................ ...... .. .. .. .. . . ............... .. . .... .. ... 17
Time or Date Changes When Alarms Are Set . ...... ................. • ...•. . ..... 18
Recalling the Current Date or Time .......'........................................ 18
Recalling the Date .. •..• .. .....•. .... . ........•.. .. ..• • . .. ..... ... ...... . ..... 18
Recalling the Time ..... .. .... .. .. .. ............. . ... . ....... . ... . ... .. .. .. .... 18
Appending a Time to the ALPHA Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19
Appending a 12-Hour Time to the ALPHA Register ............................... 19
Appending a 24-Hour Time'to the ALPHA Register ............................... 20
Appending a Date to the ALPHA Register . . .....................•••.••...... . ...••. 20
The Time and Date on Program Listings ............................... . ........... 20

Section 2: Calendar Functions .... . . ....... .. ......... .... . .. .... ... . ......... 23
Valid Dates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23
Date Arithmetic ...............................................................• 23
Days Between Dates . . ......•••.••..............•..........•......•............. 24
Day of the Week ........ . ......................... • ... . . ........ ...... . ......... 24

Section 3: Stopwatch Functions . ................... . ..... . . .. .. ... ............ 27

The Stopwatch in Operation ...... .... . .................. . . ... . . .. ... ... •. .... . .. 27

2
 Contents 3

Stopwatch Mode .............................................................. . 28

Entering and Exiting Stopwatch Mode ... . ... ..... ...... ...•......... ... ....... . 29
Starting. Halting. and Clearing the Stopwatch ...•............................... 30
The Register Pointers ......... . ...... ...... ......... . ... . ...................... . 30
Recognizing the Pointers ........... .. ........................................ . 30
Changing a Register Pointer .................................................. . 30
Storing Splits .......................................... '...................... . 31
Recalling Splits .............................................................. . 31
Delta Split ........................................... .. . .. .................. . 33
Stopwatch Access of R(1 00) through R(318) .................. . ..................... . 35
Suppressing the Displayed Register Pointer . ..................... .. .............. . 35
Printing Split Data ............................................................. . 36
Using the Stopwatch When Not in Stopwatch Mode ........... .. . .. .. ... . .. . ...... . 36
Input/Output Format ...................... .... .............. ... .............. . 36
Setting. Starting. and Stopping the Stopwatch '....... . .......................... . 36
Recalling the Current Stopwatch Time .. ...... .. .. ............ ...... ..... •.....• 37

Section 4: Alarms 39
Basic Clock Alarm Operation . .. ....................... . ....... . ...... . ........... 39
Setting Tone Alarms .......................................................... 41
The Alarm Catalog . ............................................... . .. . ..•..... 43
Setting Alarms That Use Information in the ALPHA Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46
Message Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46
Control Alarms ....... .. ...............• . ... . .......•.........•...... .. .•..... 46
Program Execution Without Labels ....... . ..................................... 50
When Alarms Affect Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50
Alarms That Require Acknowledgement .......................................... 50
Acknowledging Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Acknowledging Repeat Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61
Acknowledging With [!).I STO I. and ION 1 . .. ...... ..... ...... .... ...... .. ....... 51
Alarm Activation Delay ........... . ........ .. ...... ......... . .......... . .....• . 51
Multiple Alarm Activation .......... . ...... . ..........................,.:......... 51
Past-Due Alarms .. ...... . ..... ... ...... ............ . .. ... .. .. ... .......... .. .•. 52
How Past-Due Alarms Are Created .. ...... . .........................•.......... 52
Detecting Past-Due Alarms .................................................... 52
Deleting Past-Due Alarms From Memory .......... : ... . ................. . ....... 52
Activating Past-Due Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62
Halting Past-Due Alarm Activation ... ..... ...... ............... . ........ . ....•. 54
Past-Due Repeating Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. 54
Alarms and Memory Space ...... . .............................................. . 54
Using the Stopwatch for a Timer Alarm ............................... . ... . .....•.. 54
Timer Alarm When Not in Stopwatch Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 54
Timer Alarm in Stopwatch Mode . ...... ........ .. .. .. .. ...... . ................. 55

Section 5: Time Adjustments and the Accuracy Factor ....................... 57

The Accuracy Factor .... .. . . . ...... . ......... ... .... . .............. . ............ 57
Setting the Time and Automatically Adjusting the Accuracy Factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57
Recalling. Setting. and Clearing the Accuracy Factor ........................... . . 58
Accuracy Factor Calculation ..................................................... 59
4/5 Contents

Appendix A: Specifications, Warranty and Service Information .. . .......... 61

Specifications ...................•......................... • .................... 61
Power Consumption ....... . ............ . ... . ....... . ............ . ............ 61
Effects of "Master Clear," Power Interruptions, and Low Power ................... 61
Precision and Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . .. 62
Module Care ... . ................... . ... . ... . .. . ....... . .......... . .... . .. .. ... . 62
Limited One-Year Warranty . .. •. .. . .. . .... . . .. ... . .. . .... . ... . ... .. ...... . .. . .... 62
What We Will Do ... . .........•.... . ............ . ....... . ....... .. ... . .. . ..... 62
What Is Not Covered . . . . .. . . .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. . . ... . ...... . ... ... . .. ...... . ..... 62
Warranty For Consumer Transactions in the United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63
Obligation to Make Changes .......... ... . ... . . ... . .......... .. .. . ..... . .. . .. . . 63
Warranty Information .......... . .. .. ... . .. . ... . .. .. .. . .... . ................... 63
Service ................................ . ....... . .. . ....... . .................... 64
Obtaining Repair Service in the United States ... . .. .. .. . ... .. ... .. ...... .. ...... . 64
Obtaining Repair Service in Europe . .• ... . .. .. . . •.. . .... . . .. ... . .. ... . , . ... .. .. . 64
International Service Information. . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Programming and Applications Assistance . .. . .... . . . ........ . ...... .. . .. . ... . . ... 66
Dealer and Product Information .. ... .. .. . .. . . ... .. . ... ...... . ........ . . . .. . ... . .. 66

Appendix B: Error Messages . .. . ........... . . .. .. . ....... . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . 67

Appendix C: Programming Time Module Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71

Useful Routines .. ......... . .............. . ..... .'. . . . • . • . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71
Using a Program to Set an Alarm . . ... . .•. . ... . .. . ... . . . . • .. . .. . . ... .... ..... .. • 71
Setting an Alarm Relative to the Current Time .. . .. ... . . . . ........... . ... .. . ... . • 72
Converting the Date to a String in the ALPHA Register .... .. ....... . .. . ... . ...... . 73
Printing a Block of Splits .. .. .. . ...... . ... . .. .. . .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .... 74
Bar Code For Applications Programs .. . .. ... ..... . .. .. .. .. . .. . ... .. . .... .. .. .. .. 76
Programmable Functions .. . • . . . . .. . . .. . ... ... •. .. • ..... .. .. . .. .. . . ...... • . . . • ... 78

Appendix D: More About Past-Due Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 81

Conditions That Cause Execution of Past-Due Alarms ....... . . . . . ........... • ... . .. 81
Off/Clock Condition ... . .................... . ... . ... . ..... , . . ............... . .. 81
Alarm Condition . .•. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . . .. .. .. ..... .. .• .. • ... .. .. • ... •.•..• ... . . . 81
Past-Due Alarm Responses in the Alarm Condition ..•... • .. • ... •. ... • ..• • . .. ....... 82
Mode Changes . . .. . .... . . . .. .. ... . .•..'. . ... ... . . ... . . .... .. .. .. .. . .. . .... . .. . 82
Interruption of a Past-Due Alarm by Another Past-Due Alarm . •.......•... • •..... . 83
Alarms and Subroutine Levels ... . . .......... . . . . . ... .. ... . .• . . . . . .•• . ... . .• ... 83
Acknowledging Past-Due Alarms .... .. ... . . ... . . .. .• .. .. ... •. . .. ... ••. . • •... . .. 83
Example of a Past-Due Alarm Sequence ... .. .. . : .. . . .. . . .. . . .. • . .. • . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. 83

Subject Index ..... .. ................ . . . ............ . .... . .. . ........ . ... . ... . .. 87

Function Index .......... . .... . . . ... . . . ......... . . ... ... .. .. . ... . Inside Back Cover
 Introduction

The HP 82182A Time Module enables you to expand your HP-41 calculator system into the dimensions of
time information and time-controlled operation. Using the time module, your calculator can become an
alarm clock, an appointment minder, a calendar, a timer, an advanced stopwatch, and a time-based
system controller.

This manual describes the operation of your HP 82182A Time Module. For information about the
operation and special features ofthe calculator or other devices in your HP-41 system, please refer to the
owner's manual for the particular device. If you are an experienced HP-41 system user, you may want to
refer to the HP B21 B2A Time Module Quick Reference Card to learn basic time module operation, and refer
to the manual when you need to know more detailed information.

To help you maximize the use ofthe time module, Hewlett-Packard has published a series oftime module
applications programs in an HP-41C Users' Library Solutions Book entitled Time Solutions I . For further
information concerning this publication, please contact your authorized Hewlett-Packard dealer.

Installing and Removing the Time Module

CAUTION
Be sure that the calculator is turned off before inserting or removing the time module. If this is not
done, the calculator may be damaged or its operation may be disrupted.

The HP 82182A Time Module can be plugged into any HP-41

port. If any HP 82106A Memory Modules are also plugged in
(HP-41C only), the time module must be in a port that is
numbered higher than any port containing an HP 82106A
Memory Module. (For port numbering, see the back of the
calculator.) Push in the time module until it snaps into place.
When you remove the time module, remember to place a port
cap over the unused port.

Note : Each ti me you plug in the time module, turn on the calculator once to initialize the module. If the
c;alculator is not turned on once after the module has been plugged in, the module may draw battery
power at a higher than normal rate.

The time module does not contain an independent power source. Removing the time module from the
calculator clears all t ime module settings (except alarms and the date format) to their default values. If
you turn the calculator on then off before reinstalling the module, all alarms will be cleared .

7
8 Introducti on

Using This Manual

Variable Time Display Convention

Because the time module examples involve a continuously changing time, some of the simulated displays
in this manual will differ from the times you will see in your calculator's display. That is, there will
probably be a difference between a time "frozen" in the
manual and the actual calculator time at the moment that Symbol Indicates
you press the relevant key(s). Where the expected time
HH:MM:SS.hh Static Time Value
difference is relatively small, an approximate time is printed
in the manual. In other cases the symbols shown to the right
...... : ...... : ...... Continuously
Changing Time
are used to represent time.

Display Fc:»rmats
Except where otherwise indicated, a IFIX 16 display setting is used in the keystroke examples so that all
digits of time or date values in the X-register will appear when the X-register is displayed.

Terminology
The term input refers to any numeric value or ALPHA string that you key into the calculator, recall from
a storage register, or load from a peripheral device. The term output refers to any numeric value or
ALPHA string that the calculator displays and/ or places in a calculator register. The term current time
refers to the 'time according to the time module.

Keys Printed in Blue

For simplicity, time module functions (and any other functions not on the standard calculator keyboard)
are represented by single, blue keys-such as I TIME I. When you want to execute one of these functions, you
can do so in two ways:

• By using I XEa II ALPHA Iname I ALPHA I.

• By assigning the function to a key using I ASN I and pressing that key in User mode. (Refer to User
Mode Functions in the owner's handbook for your calculator.)

In this manual the description of each function is preceded by a summary of required and optional
information used by that function. This provides a quick reference for function execution. For example:

ISETIMEI x I time (HH.MMSShh)

This indicates that the time to which you want to set the time module clock should be placed in the
X-register in an hours.minutes-seconds-hundredths (HH.MMSShh) format before you execute I SETIM E 1-
from the keyboard or in a program. Leading zeros in the hours positions and trailing zeros to the right of
the decimal can be ignored.
 Introduction 9

Getting Started

Using Your Calculator as a Clock and a Calendar

Plugging in the time module and turning on the calculator starts the time module's clock running from
12.00 a.m. on January 1, 1900 (the default time and date). Once started, the clock will continue to keep the
time and date, whether the calculator is on or off.

To begin using your calculator as a clock, install the time module as described on page 7, then turn on the
calculator. To display the clock, press . , ON I. If you press . , ON Iless than one minute after installing the'
time module, you will see the following time display; if you wait longer, a later time will appear.

Keystrokes Display
'oNI Turns on the calculator.
[±).'FIXI6 0 .000000 Clears display and sets , FIX 16 display mode.
.'oNI 12:00:** AM Displays the clock (less than 1 minute after
you pressed ION D.

To include the current date in the clock display, execute ~ (clock· time/ date) and display the clock.
To reset to time-only clock display, execute I CLKTI (clock-time only).

0 .000000 Specifies time and date for clock display.

12: * * AM 01 / 01 Displays the clock.

Since we have not yet specified a date, the calculator displays the default date-January 1, 1900. The
seconds (SS) portion of the clock display is suppressed when the date is displayed.

Specifies time only clock display and

displays the clock.

To switch from a display of the clock to a display of the X-register, press [±).

0 .000000 Displays the X-register.

Turns off calculator. (Clock continues to
keep time and date internally.)
0 .000000

Pressing I ON Iwhile the clock is displayed also turns the calculator off.

Time and Date Input and Display Formats

When you key in a time setting, use the HH.MMSShh format. When keying in a date format you can
either:

• Use the month.dllY yellT default format (MM.DDYYYY) or

• Use the day. month Yflllf format (DD.MMYYYY) by first executing I DM Y Ito switch the calculator to
this format.
10 Introd uction

Now let's key in a time and date. Then we'll reset the clock to your local time and date so you can begin
using your calculator as a clock and calendar. To set the clock to 9:06 a .m. on July 5, 1982:

Keystrokes Display
ICLKTol 0 .000000 Use a time/ date clock display.
9.06 IC-=S-=ET=I:-:CM=
EI 9.060000 Sets clock to 9:06 a .m.
7.051982 1SETDATEI 7 .051982 Sets date to July 5,1982.
.IONI 9 : **AM 07 / 05 Displays clock time and date.
[o Mv l. loNI 9: •• AM 05 .07 Converts to day-month-year format.
IMov l.IONI 9 : ...... AM 07 / 05 Converts back to month-day-year format.

The clock is set to the specified time at the moment the key that executes ISETIMElis released.

A.M. and P.M. Time Inputs

Time inputs for hours later than 12:00 p.m. (noon) can be input either as negative numbers or in the
24-hour time format. To set the clock to 9:06 p.m., which is 21:06 in 24-hour format:
Keystrokes Display

9.06(@ - 9 .06 Uses a negative time input to specify a p.m.

ISETI ME I - 9 .060000 time input
or ... or ...
21 .06 1sETIME I 21 .060000 uses a 24-hour time input to specify a p.m.
time input.
9 :06PM 07 / 05
21.060000 Specifies time-only clock display. (After
executing this function, the X-register is
displayed.)

9 :'11. "'. : . . . . PM
0 .000000
Now use ISETIME land ISETDATE Ito set the clock to your local time and date.

1. Assign ISETIME lto a key and place the calculator in User mode.
2. Key in an approaching time, using the HH.MMSShh format. Select a time that is sufficiently
advanced to allow you enough time to execute ISETIMEI.
3. Press and release the key assigned to ISETIME Iwhen the specified time arrives.
4. Key in the date. If you prefer the DD.MMYYYY format, execute I oMvl first to set the calculator to
that format.
5. Execute ISETDATE I.
6. Press .1
ON Ito display the clock. (Remember that the date will not appear in the clock display unless
ICLKTD Ihas been executed to switch the calculator from the time-only clock display.)

The preceding clock function examples are intended to help you to quickly get started using your time
module. For further details concerning these functions, plus information describing other clock functions,
please refer to section 1, Date and Time Functions.

Using Your Calculator as a Stopwatch

For an exercise in time module stopwatch operation, turn to Section 3, Stopwatch Functions (page 27) and
step through the introductory example.
 Introduct ion 11

The Time Module's Timekeeping Devices

Your HP 82182ATime Module contains two independent timekeeping devices:

• A time/ date clock, referred to as the "Glock."

• A stopwatch/ timer, referred to as the "stopwatch."

When you plug in the time module and turn on the calculator, the clock begins running from 12:00 a.m. on
January 1, 1900. The clock will keep time until you remove the time module from the calculator. The
clock-and the stopwatch, if you start it-will run whether or not they are displayed. This means that you
can perform normal keyboard and program operations while the clock and stopwatch are running and if
you wish, you can plan your keyboard and programming operations to interact with both time devices.

Note: Continuously displaying either the clock or the stopwatch will increase battery power
consumption. The calculator will not display the clock if the BAT annunciator is displayed. For further
information, refer to Power Consumption, page 61 .
 Section 1

Date and Time Functions

The information under the first three major headings in this section, Date and Time Formatting, Setting
the Date and Time, and Clock Display Functions, describes in more detail the functions that are briefly
covered under Getting Started on page 9 in the Introduction. The rest of the information in this section
describes clock adjustment and other time furictions that you may find useful in your applications.

Dat e and Time Formatting

The date formats affect date inputs in the X-register and date outputs to the display and X·register. The
time formats affect time outputs to the display, but do not affect time outputs to the X·register. When you
install the time module, the default formats (month-day-year date format and twelve-hour time format)
automatically become active. The only time it is necessary to specify a date or time format is when you
want to change the date or time format from the current setting to the alternate setting.

Date Formatting

Execute I MDY I(month·day-year) to switch from the day-month-year (default) format to the month-day-
year format. When the I MDY Iformat is active, flag 31 is clear.

Execute I DMY I(day-month-year) to switch from the month-day-year format to the day-month-year format.
When the I DMY Iformat is active, flag 31 is set.

The following table shows how the time module interprets numbers input as dates and how date outputs
are formatted.

Time Module Date Format Options

X-Register
Display and Printer
Format Setting Input/Output Flag 31
Date Outputs
Format
IMDY I(month-day-year) MM.DDYYYY MM/DD or MM/DD/YY Clear
IDMY I(day-month-year) DD.MMYYYY DD.MM or DD.MM. YY Set

You can omit leading or trailing zeros from inputs. For example, a number representing May 6, 1990 can
be input as 5.06199. The appropriate leading and trailing zeros will appear in date outputs.

Time Display Formatting

Clock times are displayed in either a 12- or a 24-hour format. When the time module is installed it
automatically defaults to a 12-hour display format. (Regardless of the clock time display, clock time
outputs in the X-register are always in the form of a number representing a 24-hour clock time.)

13
14 Section 1: Date and Time Functions

The IelK 12 1 function switches the calculator from the 24-hour clock display format to the 12-hour clock
display format. (This is the default format.)

The IClK2 4 I function switches the calculator from the 12-hour clock display format to the 24-hour clock
display format.

Clock Display In Clock Display In

Format Setting Time Format Time/Date Format
ICl K12 1(12-hour format) (H)H:MM:SS AM (H)H:MM AM date
(H)H:MM:SS PM (H)H:MM PM date
ICLK24 1(24-hour format) HH:MM:SS HH:MMdate

Setting the Date and Time

Setting the Date

ISETDATEI x I date (MM.DDYYYY or DD.MMYY.yy)

The l SETDATEIfunction sets the date in the time module. To set a date, enter it into the X-register according
to the current I MDY 1or l DMY 1 format, then execute I SETDATEI. For example, to set the date to May 10,1990,
you would place one of the following numbers in the X-register, depending upon the current date format,
then execute ISETDATEI:

I MDY I Format I DMY 1 Format

-
I
Month
--t -\
5 . 10199

Day Year
--t ---
1 0

Day
t
o 5 1 9 9

Month Year
~
(May) (10th) (1990) (10th). (May) (1990)

If the format of the date you input does not correspond to the current IMDY 1 or I DMY I setting, no error
message will result unless the date actually interpreted from your input is invalid. (Refer to Error
Messages, page 67.) For example, a date input of5.10199 will be accepted in l MDY Iformat as May 10, 1990;
in I DMY 1 format as 5 October, 1990.

Note: In any l SETDATE 1input. all tra iling digits to the right of the year (YYYY) digits must be zeros, and
the input must be positive. Otherwise, a DATA ERR OR message will result.

The time module can be set to any date from January 1, 1900 (automatic default date) to December 31,
2199.
 Section 1: Date and Ti me Fu nctions 15

Setting the Time

ISETIMEI x I time (HH.MMSShh)

When you execute 1SETIME I, the clock automatically begins running from the time specified in the X-
register. To set the clock, use the following time input format to place the desired setting in the X-register:

±HH.MMSShh

~?-T-~
Hours Minutes Seconds Hundredths
(0-23) (00-59) (00-59) (0-99)

Note: The l Cl K1 2 1and l Cl K24 1formats affect clock time display outputs only. I Cl K121 and l ClK24 1have
no effect on any numeric representations of time inputs or outputs in the X-register.

A.M.lP.M. Hours Input

Then execute ISETI ME I. Inputs can be any HH.MMSShh a.m. 12 00*

number from -23.595999 to 23.595999. Any digits beyond
I 1 1
1
hundredths of a second (hh) will be ignored. When you I
release the key that executes [SETIME [, the clock is set to the 1

specified time. The table to the right shows the hour (HH) v 11 11
values to use when setting the clock for a.m. or p.m. times. p.m . 12 ±12
I 1 -1or±13
I 2 -2 or ±14
Note: The [ClK 12 1and I ClK2 4 1formats affect clock time I
display outputs only. [Cl K121 and [C l K241 have no effect I
on any numeric representations of time inputs or I
v 11 -11 or ±23
outputs in the X-register.
* A - OO.mm input will result in a
12:mm a.m. time setting

Example: To set the time module to 3:30:10 a.m. and then to 3:30:10 p.m.:

Keystrokes Display
3.301 [SETIM E [ 3 .301000 Sets the time to 3:30:10 a .m.
15.301 [SETIM E I 15.3 0 10 00 Sets the time to 3:30:10 p.m.
or ...
3.301 [CHS[ - 3 .3 01
[SETIM E I - 3 .3 0 1000 Sets the time to 3:30:10 p.m.
. I ONI 3 :30 :** PM Displays clock. Assumes time-only clock
display.

With I SETI ME I, many users can set the time to a precision approaching 0.1 second. When you want a more
precise time setting than you can achieve using ISETIM E I:

1. Set the time as precisely as possible by using [S ETIM E I.

2. Eliminate any difference between the calculator time and your source time by using the [ T+X I
function described under Adjusting the Current Time, page 17.
16 Section 1: Date and Time Fu nctions

Clock Display Functions

Specifying Clock Display Contents

ICLKTDI

The I CLKT D I (clock-time and date) function switches the clock display from the time-only format to the
time/ date format.

The I CLKT I(clock-time only) function switches the clock display from the time/date format to the time-
only format.

The default clock display includes only the time. Executing I CLKTD Ispecifies a display of both the time and

.1
date. To return to the time-only clock display, execute ~ . (These functions specify the contents of any
subsequent clock display:) You must execute ON lor I CLOCK Ito actually display the clock. The box below
illustrates how the I CLKT I and I CLKTD I options would appear in 12- or 24-hour time display formats at
exactly 3:15 p.m. on January 21. For an example of I CLKT I and I CLKT D I operation, refer to Using Your
Calculator as a Clock and a Calendar, page 9.

I CLKTI
Format ICLKTD I
(Default)
I CLK1 2 1 3: 15:00PM 3:15 PM 01 / 21
ICLK24 1 15:1 5 :00 1 5 :1 5 01 / 21

Displaying the Clock

.ION!

I CLOCK!

.1
When you press ON lor execute I CLOCK I(display clock), the calculator displays the clock. To switch from
the clock display to the X-register, press [B. (Pressing the keyes) for almost any other function while the
clock is displayed will execute that function and replace the clock display with the result ofthe function.)
The calculator's automatic turn-offfeature is deactivated while the clock is displayed.

Note: The clock display consumes a higher than usual amount of battery power. Refer to Power
Consumption, page 61, and Low Power, page 61.

As described in the owner's manual for your calculator, certai~ flags are either set or cleared each
time the calculator is turned on. Executing ICLOCK lor pressing .1 ON ! affects these flags in the same way
as turning on the calculator . This·is because the calculator turns off momentarily before displaying the
clock. (Refer to section 14, Flags, in the.owner's handbook for your calculator.)
 Section 1: Date a nd Time Functions 17

Example: Use l SETIM E Iand l SETDATE Ito set the clock to 12:00 a.m. on January 1, 1900. Next, press.1 ON I
and (±I to display, then clear, the clock display. Also, use the .1 ON Ikey in conjunction with executing a
calculator function to see how the clock display is affected by keyboard activity. Finally, set the clock to
display time and date, examine the results, and reset the clock to display time only.

Keystrokes Display
O ISETIME I 0.000000 Sets the time to 12:00 a.m.
1.0119 1SETDATE I 1.011900 Sets the date to 1/01/1900.
.IONI 12: **: ** AM Clock displayed (assumes default I ClKT I
mode).
~ 1 .011900 Clock display replaced by display of .
X·register.
45
.IONI
45
-
12: **: ** AM
Places 45 in the X·register.
Clock display.
Ii[] 6. 7 08204 Square root of 45.
IClKTDI 6.708 204 Specifies time and date display.
. I ONI 12: **AM 01 / 01 Time and Q.ate clock display.
I Cl KTI 6.7082 04 Clock set to display time only.
.IONI 12: ** : ** AM Time-only clock display.

The time and date functions allow you to interact with and control clock inputs and outputs. All time and
date functions. except .1 ON I. are programmable.

Adjusting the Current Time

x I time chenge (HHHH.MMSShh)

The IT+X I(time plus X) functio.n increments or decrements the current time according to the number in the
X·register.

The I T+X I function is used to input time changes to correct for I SETIM E I errors due ~o keystroke variations,
or time zone changes, . o~for other instances where your applications call for a change in the current time.
(If you want to correct the accumulated error in the clock, use the I COR RECT I function described under
Setting the Time and Automatically Adjusting the Accuracy Factor, page 57.)

How IT+X IOperates

Executing I T+X I changes the current time by the time change specified in the X·register. If the time change
places the current time in a different day than the previous time-as would result if at 11:00 p.m. you
advanced the clock by 2 hours-the date is also changed.
18 Section 1: Date and Time Functions

Example: Adjust for a 1. 75 second (slow) timesetting error. Then decrement the current time by 1 hour for
a time zone change.

Keystrokes Display
.000175 .000175 Keys in the adjustment.
- Increments the clock by 1.75 seconds.
IT+xl 0 .000175
.IONI **:**:** AM Display the clock. (Assumes a.m. time and
ICLKT Iformat remain from previous
example.)
1 1 Keys in a time change of 1 hour.
ICHSI -1 A negative value retards the current clock
time.
IT+x l - 1.000000 Executes the time change.
.IONI **:**:** AM Displays the clock, which is decremented by
1 hour.

If executing IT+xl would result in a new date outside the range of 11111900 ~ d ~ 12/31/2199, an OUT OF
RANGE error message will result.

Time or Date Changes When Alarms Are Set

As described in section 4, Alarms, the time module allows you to store alarms in memory. If executing
I5 ETDATE I, ISETIM EI, or IT+X I results in a date or time setting that is later than the setting for any clock
alarm in memory, the calculator will sound a pair of tones to indicate the existence of the bypassed
alarm(s).· Refer to Detecting Past Due Alarms, page 52.

Recalling the Current Date or Time

Recalling the Date

Executing I DATE I places a number representing the current

date in the X-register. The number is formatted according to
the current IMDY lor I DMY Idate format. The stack lifts in the
T; ~~/:t
Z b /"':: C

same way that it does when a number is recalled from a data

storage register. ~: ~ d~e
I DATE I
(Assumes Stack Lift Enabled.)

When I DATE Iis executed from the keyboard, the current date and 'the day of the week are also displayed
(MMIDDIYY DA Y or DD.MM. YY DA Y) .

Recalling the Time

Executing ITIME Iplaces a number representing the current time in the X-register. The number is formatted
according to the 24-hourItime format:
(H)H.MMSShh

• Unless flag 26-audio enable-is cleared.

 Section 1: Date and Ti me Functions 19

When 1TIME 1is executed from the keyboard the current time is also displayed in whichever time display
format is in effect (IClK121 0r i ClK24 I). Pressing [B switches the display to the X-register. Executing ITIME 1
.
lifts the stack in the same way as when you execute I DATE I.

Appending a Time to the ALPHA Register

Appending a 12-HourTimetotheALPHA Register

x I time (HH.MM$Shh)

The IATIME 1(ALPHA time) function appends the number in the X-register to the contents ofthe ALPHA
register in the current time format (IClK 12 1or ICl K24D. The IAT!ME 1function is useful in programs that
produce clock time outputs. .

If the integer (hour) part of the number in the X-register is 23

IFIXI,lsCII,
or less, the number is formatted according to the current Appends
or l ENGI
1ClK 121 or 1Cl K24 1setting. If the integer is 24 through 99, the
0 HH
number is always formatted according to the 24-hour
1-2 HH:MM
(IClK24 1) setting. The number appended to the ALPHA 3-4 HH:MM:SS
register by IATIME 1 is truncated according to the current 5-7 HH:MM:SS.hh
display setting, as shown at the right. I ATIME 1accepts any
number in the range -100 < t < 100 as a valid input.

The following keystrokes illustrate how IATIME1is used. Notice that in IFIX 14 display setting the number
10.123456 appears rounded to four significant digits, while IATIME 1(correctly) uses the truncated value of
the number to four significant digits.

Keystrokes Display
ICLAI Clears ALPHA register.
IIFlxlo Sets IFIX 10 display mode.
1.012345 1ATiME 1 1. Appends number in X-register to contents of
ALPHA register (blank in this case) in time
format.
IALPHAI 1 AM Displays ALPHA-register.
[BI ALPHA 1 1. Clears ALPHA register and displays
X-register.
10.123456 1ATIME 1 10. Appends new number in X-register to
contents of ALPHA register (blank) in time
format.
1ALPHA 1 10 AM Displays ALPHA register.
[BIALPHAI 10. Clears ALPHA register and displays
X-register.
I IFlxI2 1ATIME I 10.12 Sets I FIX 12 display mode and appends
number in X-register to ALPHA register in
time format.
IALPHA 1 10:12 AM Displays ALPHA register.
[BIALPHA I 10.12
.IFlxI4 IATIME I 10.1235 Sets I FIX 14 display mode and appends
number in X-register to ALPHA register in
time format.
IALPHA 1 10:12:34 AM Displays ALPHA register.
[BI ALPHA 1 10.1235
.IFlx16[B 0 .000000
20 / 21 Section 1: Date and Ti me Functions

If there is not enough space left in the ALPHA register to accommodate its existing contents plus the
characters appended by IATIM EI. a sufficient number of the leftmost characters in the ALPHA register
will be bumped out (lost) to make room for the new characters added at the right.

If either ALPHA data or a number outside the range - 100 < x < 100 is in the X-register when IATIMEIis
executed. a DATA ERROR message will result.

Appending a 24-Hour Time to the ALPHA Register

IATlME24 I x I time (HH.MMSShh)

Executing IATIME24 1(ALPHA time-24) appends the number in the X-register to the contents of the
ALPHA register in ICLK24 Itime display format. (The current time format- ICLK121or ICLK24 I-is ignored.)
IATIME24 Iaccepts any number in the range -100< t < 100 as a valid input.

The IATIME24 Ifunction can be used (when the calculator is not in Stopwatch mode) for printing splits or
elapsed time values.

Appending a Date to the ALPHA Register

IADATE I x I dBte (MM.DDYYYY or DD.MMYYYY)

IADATEI(ALPHA date) appends the number in the X-register to the contents of the ALPHA register in the
current date format. The number of digits placed in the ALPHA register is determined by the number of
digits specified in the current IFIX 1.1SCI I. or IENG Idisplay mode. (Refer to the table on page 19.) If the I FIX I,
ISCI I, or I ENG I.display setting specifies three or four digits. only the last two digits of the year YY will
appear in the date appended to the ALPHA register. The current IMDv l or IDMv lsetting determines the
IADATE lformat.

IADATE Iaccepts any number in the range -100 <;:x < 100 as a valid date input. Other numbers or ALPHA
data will cause an error condition.

The Time and Date on Program Listings

When a program is printed using the HP 82160A H;P-IL Module functions I PRP lor ILIST I. the time and date
always appear in the calculator display and are printed at the head of the program listing.
 Section 2

Calendar Functions

The time module enhances your calendar applications capabilities with three functions that perform the
following:

• Add or subtract a number of days from a date and determine the resulting date.
• Calculate the number of days between two dates.
• Calculate the day of the week for a given date. .

The format for a calendar function date input should be the same as the current date format ( I MDV Jor
I DMVI).

Valid Dates
Any date from October 15, 1582 (the beginning of the Gregorian calendar) through September 10, 4320
can be used in a calendar function. In any date input:

• All trailing digits to the right of the year digits (YYYY) must be zeroes.
• The sign must be positive.

If either of the above conditions is not met, an error message will result. (Refer to appendix B, Error
Messages.)

Date Arithmetic

IOATE+J y I date (MM.OOYYYYor OOMMYYYY)

X I da,/s

The I DATE+ J(date plus days) function adds the number of T a a

~
days in the X-register to a date specified in the Y-register.
Z b a
Only the integer portion of the number in the X-register is
Y date b
~
used. (A negative value in the X-register will be subtracted
from the date.) The resultant date is placed in the X-register X days new date
in the current date format.
IOATE+ J

LAST X da,/s

23
24 Section 2: Calenda r Fu nctions

Example: Paul Leroy plans to begin a bicycle trip from San Francisco to Montreal on July 17, 1982. Ifhe
allows 135 days for the trip, what is his estimated date of arrival in Montreal and what is the midpoint
date of the trip?

Keystrokes Display
7.1719821 ENTER. I 7 .171982 Keys in starting date. (Assumes [MDY I
format.)
135 135_ Keys in number of days.
1 DATE+ I 11 .291982 The arrival date is November 29, 1982.
68[CHSI - 68 The number of days between arrival date
and the midpoint date.
1DATE+ 1 9 .221982 The midpoint date of the trip (September 22,
1982).

Days Between Dates

IDDAysl Y . I·1/ate (MM.DDYYYYor DD.MMYYYY)

X I date (MM.DDYYYY or DD.MMYYYY)

The 1 DDAYS 1 (delta days) function calculates the number of days between a pair of dates in the X- and
Y-registers and places the result in the X-register. (The stack drops in the same way that it does when
C5Al'£+J is executed.) The dates must be entered in the current date input format (I MDYlor [ DMY I).
Example: Calculate the number of days between the first nonstop transatlantic flight (May 21, 1927) and
the first transatlantic jet passenger flight (October 4, 1958). (Example assumes [MDY 1format.)

Keystrokes Display
5.2119271 ENTER. I 5 .211927 First date.
10.041958 10.041958_ Second date.
1DDAYS 1 11,459.00000 Number of days between flights.

If the date in the Y-register is later than the date in the X-register, the number of days calculated will be a
negative number.

Day of the Week

X I date (MM.DDYYYYor DD.MMYYYY)

The 1DOW 1(day-ot-week) function calculates the day ofthe ':Veek for a date given in the X-register.

To calculate the day of the week for a given date, place the

~~
T
date in the X-register using the current date input format,
z
W
• b
then execute I DOW I. The date will be replaced with a number
indicating the day of the week: 0 for Sunday through 6 for Y • c
Saturday. When executed from the keyboard, 1Dowl also X • day #
displays the name of the day of the week.
IDOw l

LAST X date
 Section 2 : Calendar Functions 25

Example: Calculate the day of the week on which the total solar eclipse of July 31, 1981 took place.
(Example assumes I MDY Iformat.)

Keystrokes Display
7.311981 7 .311981 Keys in the date.
I DOw l FRI Executing I DOW Ifrom the keyboard displays
the day and .:.
5.000000 ... pressing ~ switches the display to the
corresponding IDOW Ivalue (5 = Friday).
 Section 3

Stopwatch Functions

Recall from the introduction to this manual that the stopwatch in your HP 82182A Time Module is
separate from. the clock. In Stopwatch mode (stopwatch displayed) the calculator becomes a digital
stopwatch and the keyboard is redefined for stopwatch control; that is, to record, compare, and review
splits. All other functions are suspended. Because the stopwatch can be running whether or not it is
displayed, you can also use it as an internal timing device while you execute programs or keyboard
calculations, or while the calculator is turned off. You can also use the stopwatch as a timer.

Before proceeding in this section, place the Stopwatch keyboard overlay on your calculator's keyboard.

Note: Because the displayed results of executing s~opwatch functions depends upon the timing of your
keystrokes, many of the example displays in this section will differ from the calculator displays you
actually see when you execute the examples.

The Stopwatch in Operation

The following examples are provided to quickly demonstrate basic stopwatch operation. Detailed
explanations of the features used in the examples, plus other stopwatch features , will be found under the
subsequent headings in this section. Ensure that registers Roo through R04 are available before you begin.

First, let's see how to start, halt, and clear the stopwatch.

Keystrokes Display
Isw l 00:00:00.00 )- ROO Sets the calculator.to Stopwatch mode.
IR/sl 00: * *: * *. * )- ROO Starts the stopwatch.
IR/sl OO:MM:SS.hh )- ROO Halts the stopwatch.
~ 00:00:00.00 )- ROO Clears the stopwatch.

Splits are stored in the registers indicated by the register pointer at the right of the display. Let's run the
stopwatch and take some splits at intervals of approximately 15 seconds. In the following example, each
time you preSE! the I ENTER. Ikey, hold it down long enough to read the display. Also, watch the changes in
the )- ROO register pointer on the right side of the display.

rnzID 00: * *: * *. * )- ROO Starts the stopwatch.

I ENTER. i(held) OO:00:16.hh )- ROO Stores first split in Roo.
(released) 00: * *: * *. * J- R01 Display returns to running stopwatch. Next
split will be stored in Rm.
I ENTER. i(held) 00:00:30.hh )- R01 Stores second split in Ro l .
(released) 00:00: **. * )- R02
E:-:":N=TE==R:-:.""i(held)
Ir - : :
OO:00:45.hh )- R02 Stores third split in R02.
I R/s l ~ ., 00:00:00.00 )- R03 Halts and clears stopwatch.

27
28 Section 3: Stopwatch Functions

Now review the splits that you recorded. Notice that the symbol preceding Rnn at the right side of the
display changes from ~- to :: when you press I RCL I to indicate a switch from recording splits to
reviewing splits.

00 :00 :15.hh :: ROO Switch from display of stopwatch to display

of splits. In-this case, displays 'split stored in
Roo·
00:00 :30.hh :: R01 Displays split stored in Ro 1.
00:00 :45.hh :: R02 Displays split stored in R02.

Now let's compare the differences between those same splits. Notice that the R in the register pointer
changes to D when you press ICHS Ito display split differences.

01 00:00 :30.hh :: R01 Resets register pointer to Ro 1.

ICHSI OO:OO:SS.hh :: D01 Switches to display of difference between
split in current register and split in
preceding register. In this case, displays
difference between splits in R01 and Roo.
OO:OO:SS.hh :: 002 Displays difference between splits in ROI
and R02'
00:00:45 .hh :: R02 Switches from display of difference between
splits back to display of split stored in
specified register. (Notice that the register
Pointer changes from 0 back to R.)
00:00:00.00 ~- R03 Switch from display of split stored in
specified register to display ~f stopwatch.
(Notice that the register pointer changes
.~ from :: R02 back to )- R03.)
Exit Stopwatch mode.

Stopwatch Mode
When you set the calculator to Stopwatch mode, the stopwatch is displayed, along with the number of the
next data storage register to receive a split:

HH:MM:SS.hh )-Rnn

Hours, Minutes, ___'...If

Seconds, Hundredths
'L eg;.,", Add.es,
For Next Split

Also, the k~yboard is redefined to perform only the stopwatch functions. These functions are printed on
the keyboard overlay you received with your time module. All other key functions except ION I are
suspended while the calculator is set to Stopwatch mode.·

In Stopwatch mode you can store splits and display splits and split differences in various ways. The
automatic turn-offfeature is deactivated while the calculator is in Stopwatch mode.

Before execution of any qther calculator or time module functions(including activation of clock alarms),
you must exit from Stopwatch mode. The following diagram outlines these operations.

·While the calculator is in Stopwatch mode and the stopwatch is running, pressing almost any key except the digit keys and other keys
that are assigned to sto~watch functions temporarily freezes the display wi~hout halting the stopwatch. When the key is released, "the
display switches back to the running stopwatch. This feature can be employed to view split approximations : however, because this
method only halts the updating ofthe display by the calculator, a time displayed in this way may be in error by 0.1second or more.
 Section 3: Stopwatch Functions 29

I sw 1 Execute to enter Stopwatch mode.

-----J;:J : I ~n~7;"ed
IENTER+'
S~ore ~~:Iit.
I c D;'pl.y
.-IRCLI. . PresslSST'orl BST'
I
'pl;l.

____ _d_IS_Plj ~
I
ito display next or
p,eced;n"f_li_t._ _ _.--

I CHS I : I CHS I

l~I : . I~t
). D~ I ~:~~~~~~~~dicated split
, ENTER+' r;:;r;;; difference. Press
Store split a nd display - LB9:.J .... I SST' or 1 BST I to dis-
split difference. play next or preceding
\ split difference.
Execute to Exit From Stopwatch Mode
-B
I
Stopwatch Mode Operation

Note : The stopwatch display consumes a higher than usual amount of battery power; refer to Power
Consumption, page 61.

Entering and Exiting Stopwatch Mode

The Isw , (stopwatch) function places the calculator in Stopwatch mode. When you execute the
(programmable) Isw I function, the digital stopwatch display appears and the key board is redefined as
shown by the stopwatch overlay. Ifthe stopwatch has been previously cleared or has not been used since
you last plugged in the module, the stopwatch setting will appear with all zeros displayed. The storage
register pointer will always be set to 00 following execution of Isw I. Executing I sw ' does not affect the

.
current status of the stopwatch (running or halted).

Pressing • ~ removes the calculator from Stopwatch mode.

You can exit from Stopwatch mode to normal keyboard control by pressing .~ . The X-register will then
be displayed and the key assignments that were active before the calculator went into Stopwatch mode
will be restored. (An exit from Stopwatch mode can be performed only from the keyboard.)

Note: If you exit from Stopwatch mode without first halting the running stopwatch, the stopwatch will
continue to r un even though it is not displayed.
30 Section 3: Stopwatch Functions

Starting, Halting, and Clearing the Stopwatch

Pressing 1 RIS I while in Stopwatch mode starts and halts the stopwatch.

As you saw in the example at the beginning of this section, when the calculator is set to Stopwatch mode,
the I RIS Ikey is used both to start and to stop the stopwatch. Notice that when you press I RIS Ito start the
stopwatch running, the stopwatch resumes from where it was last halted; that is, pressing I RIS I to start
the stopwatch does not reset it to zero. If the stopwatch is not halted, it will run continuously. When it
passes 99h 59m 59.99s, it automatically starts again from zero.

When the stopwatch is displayed and halted, pressing ~ clears the stopwatch to zero.

The Register Pointers

Recognizing the Pointers
Splits taken during Stopwatch mode are stored sequentially
j- Rnn Store Split
in the calculator's data storage registers. In Stopwatch mode
the register pointers indicate which type of access is I-Dnn Store Split;
Display Difference
occurring and which register is being accessed. The box at
the right shows these pointers and their corresponding :.: Rnn Recall Split
operations. Every time you execute I sw I to place the :.:Dnn Recall Split Difference
calculator in Stopwatch mode, the register pointers are reset
to register Roo.

Notice that the I- symbol preceding the register designator always indicates either storage of a split
( I- Rnn ) or storage of a split and display of the difference between that split and the preceding split
( I- Dnn ). The :.: symbol always indicates recall of a split ( :.: R nn ) or recall of the difference between two
splits ( :.: 0 nn ).

The stopwatch storage register pointer I-Rnn (or }- Dnn ) and the Recall register pointer :.: Rnn (or :.: Dnn )
are maintained separately. This allows you to switch between split storage and split recall as often as you
like without affecting either register pointer.

Changing a Register Pointer

There are four ways to change the register pointer while in Stopwatch mode:

• To take a split and move to the next data register, press IENTER I.+
• To move to the next data register, press ISST I.
• To move to the preceding data register, press .1 eST I.

• To randomly move to any available data register (nn or nnn), press the digit keys that specify that
register. (To specify R(lOO) through R(318) refer to Stopwatch Access ofR(1oo) Through R'(318), page 35.)

You can change the register pointer whether the stopwatch is running or halted.
 Section 3: Stopwatch Fu nctions 31

Example: Switch the calculator to Stopwatch mode and set the register pointer to various data registers.
(Ensure that Roo through RIO are available.)
I
KeY8troke8 Di8play
I swIl RIS) 00:00:· ·.· ,· ROO Sets Stopwatch mode and runs stopwatch.
I SST) 00: · ·:· ·. · '-R01 Steps to RO!.
IRIS) OO:MM :SS .hh )-R01 Halts stopwatc~.
• 1 BSTI HH.MM:SShh '-ROO Backsteps to Roo.
0 HH.MM:SShh '-RO
5 HH.MM:SShh )-R05 } Switches to R05.
IRlsl 00: · ·:· ·.· )-R05 Runs stopwatch.
1 00: · ·:· ·.· )-R1
0 00: · ·:· ·.· '-R10 } Switches to RIO'
IRIS)~ 00:00:00.00 j-R10 Halts and clears stopwatch.
.~ Exits from Stopwatch mode.

Whenever you use the digit keys to change the register pointer, you must specify all digits of the new data
register (nn or nnn) before executing the next stopwatch operation. If you do not specify all digits of a
register number, you will not be able to execute most other stopwatch keyboard functions.

Storing Splits
In Stopwatch mode, the number of splits you can store in the calculator is limited only by the number of
currently available data storage registers. When storing splits using the Store Split operation, the data
storage register to receive the next split is indicated by the digits in the j-Rnn register pointer at the
right-hand side of the stopwatch display.

I ENTER.)

In Stopwatch mode, when you press IENTER. ), the current stopwatch time is stored in the data storage
register indicated by the current split storage register pointer. Any value previously stored in that register
is lost. While I ENTER. ) is held down, the stopwatch display shows the split that was stored and the
register it was stored in. When IENTER. I is released, the calculator switches ba~k to the elapsed time
stopwatch display and indicates the next register to be used for split storage." The example on page 27
demonstrates the storage of splits.

When you are using I ENTER. ) to take splits, a tone will sound when there is only one register left in
memory for split storage. The tone will sound again when there are no registers left. Ifl ENTER. Iis pressed
when '-Rnn points to a nonexistent register, NONEXISTENT will be displayed and Stopwatch mode will
be terminated. (The stopwatch will continue to run even though it is no longer displayed.) The calculator
will sound the same tone if you use the digit keys to shift the register pointer to the last available register
or to a nonexistent register.

Recalling Splits

In Stopwatch mode, with the stopwatch halted or running, pressing I RCL Iswitches the display into or out
of Split Recall operation.

Pressing I RCL I switches the calculator from stopwatch display to a display of the split contained in the
register indicated by the register pointer ( :: R nn ). Pressing I RCL I again switches the display back to
32 Section 3: Stopwatch Functions

stopwatch display. Splits will be displayed in HH:MM:SS.hh format. * Pressing I SST Iincrements:: R nn to
the next data storage register and displays the contents of that register. Pressing • I aSTI
decrements :: R nn to the previous data storage register and displays the contents of that register. The first
time you switch to Split Recall operation, the Split Recall register pointer will be set to Roo. Subsequently
setting the Split Recall pointer to another register and switching out of, then back into, Split Recall
operation will not move the pointer from that register. (When you switch out of Stopwatch mode, all
stopwatch register pointers are'reset to Roo.)

Example: Store a series of random splits in Roo through Ro5, then set the calculator to Split Recall
display and review those splits.

Keystrokes Display
ISIZEl 006 Allocates Roo through R05 to data storage
registers.
I swl 00:00:00.00 I- ROO Sets Stopwatch mode.
IRlsl 00:00:· ·. · 1- ROO Starts stopwatch.
ENTER" 1 00: ...... : . · . ... 1- R01 Stores a split in RO!.
ENTER. 1 j- R02 Stores a split in Roo.
00: ... · : · .... •
ENTER. 1 1- R03 Stores a split in RO!.
00: · ..·: · · . ·
ENTER. I 00: •• : ••. • j . R04 Stores a split in R02.
ENTER. 1 00: ""'· : ""'· . · )- R05 Stores a split in R03.
Stores a split in R o4. Tone indicates that R05
is the last available storage register.
I ENTER. I 00: · · : · · . · R06 Stores a split in R05. Tone indicates that R06
does not exist.
IRCLI OO:MM :SS.hh ::ROO Split Recall display of Roo-
ISSTI OO:MM:SS .hh ::R01 Step forward to and display contents ofRol'
ISSTI OO:MM:SS.hh :: R02 Displays split in R o2.
ISSTI OO:MM:SS.hh ::R03 Displays split in Ro3.
05 OO:MM:SS.hh ::R05 Displays split in R05. Tone indicates R05 is
the last available data storage register.
• laSTI OO:MM:SS.hh :: R04 Displays split in Ro4.

If you attempt to recall a split from a nonexistent storage register, the tone will sound, NONEXISTENT
will be displayed, and the calculator will exit from .Stopwatch mode.
Keystrokes Display
06 NONEXISTENT R06 is nonexistent. Calculator automatically
exits from Stopwatch mode. (Since we did
not halt the running stopwatch in this
example, the stopwatch continues to run
internally.)
Clears error message; X·register is
displayed.
The Split Storage register pointer ( )- R nn / )- 0 nn ) and the Split Recall register pointer (:: R nn / :: 0 nn )
are separately maintained. This means that you can store several splits, switch to split recall to view the
splits, and then resume storing splits where you left off.

• Splits are always stored in the HH.MMSShh format. Thus. if you use the rn£bI (split recaU) function to recall a value representing a split
from a register when the calculator is not set to Stopwatch mode, the value will be displayed as an HH./!tAMSShh number. Conversely. a
value stored in a register when not in Stopwatch mode will be displayed in HH:MM:SS.hh format if recalled to the display while the
calculator is in Stopwatch mode. In this case, an error message-ERROR ::R nn-will be displayed if the integer portion of the number
contains three or more digits.
 Section 3: Stopwatch Functi ons 33

Example: Return to Stopwatch mode and store two splits. Then review the splits and record two
additional splits.

Keystrokes Display
Iswl 00: * *:* *. * )- ROO Sets Stopwatch mode. The stopwatch is still
running from the preceding example.
I ENTER +II ENTER. I 00: * *:* *. * )- R02 Stores splits in Roo and Ro 1.
IRCLI OO :MM :SS . hh :: ROO Sets calculator to Split Recall and displays
split stored in Roo.
OO :MM :SS.hh :: R01 Displays split stored in RO!.
00 : * *:.... )-R02 Returns calculator to running stopwatch
and returns register pointer to indication of
next register to be used for split storage.
Notice that the Split Storage pointer
remains set to the data register to which it
was set before you switched from the
tENTER +II ENTER +I 00 : •• :. .. . ,- R04 running stopwatch to Split Recall.
IRCLI OO :MM : SS . hh ::R01 Stores splits in R02 and R03'
Sets calculator to Split Recall. Notice that
the Split Recall pointer remains set to the
data register to which it was set before you
OO :MM :SS .hh ::R02 switched from Split Recall to the running
OO :MM :SS .hh :: R03 stopwatch.
00: .... : •• . • )- R04 Returns calculator to running stopwatch
and returns register pointer to indication of
next register to be used for split storage.
00:00:00.00 )- R04 Halt and clear stopwatch. Split storage

.
register pointer and split recall pointer
remain at last settings until changed or
until you exit from Stopwatch mode.
~ Exits from Stopwatch mode.

While the stopwatch is set to recall splits, pressing I RIS I or I ENTER +I switches the calculator back to the
stopwatch display and executes the appropriate operation (start or stop stopwatch, or store a split). If a
split is stored, it will be stored in the register indicated by )-Rnn in the same way. as described-under
Storing Splits, page 31.

Delta Split

In Stopwatch mode, t CHS Iswitches the display into or out of Delta Split operation.

All splits are stored in the calculator as accumulated times. The Delta Split operation allows you to
display the difference between a pair of splits stored in successive data storage registers without
interrupting stopwatch operation. Delta split can be used whether the calculator is being used to record
splits or to recall splits:

• When you are storing splits with Delta Split active, pressing and holding the IENTER. Ikey records a
split and displays the difference between that split and the split in the previous data storage
register. Releasing tENTER. Ireturns the display to the running stopwatch.
34 Section 3: Stopwatch Functions

• When you are recalling splits (Split Recall operation) with Delta Split active, using the ISST I, IeST I,
or digit keys to specify a data storage register will display the time difference between the specified
register and the register immediately preceding it.

In either of the preceding cases, when the register pointer is set' to Roo or when the register indicated by
Onn contains a positive value and the register preceding the one indicated by Onn contains zero, the split
difference will be the same as the contents ofthe current register.

Example: With the calculator set to Stopwatch mode, activate Delta Split operation, then run the
stopwatch and take four splits at intervals of approximately 15 seconds. As you take each split, hold down
+
the IENTER Ikey long enough to read the displayed difference between the current split and the preceding
split.

Keystrokes Display
Isw l 00:00:00.00 /- ROO Switches calculator to Stopwatch mode.
ICHS I 00:00:00.00 /- 000 Activates Delta Split.
IRlsl 00:00: '~' * . * /-000 Starts the stopwatch.
IENTER + I(held) 00:00:15.hh /-000 First split. Because Roo is the lowest-
numbered register, the current elapsed time
is displayed.
(released) 00:00: ** . * /-001 Running stopwatch display.
IENTER+ I(held) 00:00:15.hh /-001 Second split; difference between first and
second split displayed.
(released) 00:00: """ *. ""', 1- 002
+
IENTER I(held) 00:00:15.hh )-D02 Third split; difference between second and
third split displayed.
(released) 00:00: * '1\1,. • /-D03
IENTER+ i(held) 00:00:15.hh )-D03 Fourth split; difference between third and
fourth split displayed.
(released) 00:01 :**:""" )- 004
IRlsI[B 00:00:00.00 )-D04 Halts and clears stopwatch.
ICHSI 00:00:00.00 j-R04 Deactivates Delta Split.

N ow let's switch the calculator to Split Recall operation and reexamine the split differences. (Because the
stopwatch register pointers are reset to Roo whenever the calculator is placed in Stopwatch mode, our
current Split Recall register pointer will be set to Roo.)

IRCLI 00:00:15.hh =ROO Split Recall display.

ICHSI 00:00:15.hh = 000 Elapsed time of first split.
ISSTI 00:00:15 . hh = 001 Recalls Roo/Rol split difference.
ISSTI 00:00:15.hh =002 Recalls ROl/Ro2 split difference.
ISSTi 00:00:15.hh = 003 Recalls R02/Ro3 split difference.
.[B Exits from Stopwatch mode.

Like the register pointers for split storage, the register pointer for Split Recall (with or without split
difference) will automatically reset to zero when you exit from stopwatch mode.

If a number that is not in the form HH.MMSShh is in a register accessed by Delta Split, or if Delta Split
would result in a negative split difference, the message ER R0 R =Dnn appears in the display. To clear the
error message, reset the register pointer to another data storage register. (If you press ~to clear an error
message, the calculator will switch from a Split Recall display to a display of the stopwatch; Delta Split
remains active.)
 Section 3: Stopwatch Functions 35

Stopwatch Access of R(10o) Through R(318)

.IEEXI

.1 .1
In Stopwatch mode, pressing EEX Iswitches the register pointer from two digits to three digits. Pressing
EEX I again changes the pointer back to two digits.

If your calculator-is configured to contain more than 100 data storage registers,· you may want to use

R(loo) .1
these higher-numbered registers for some of your stopwatch operations. To enable the stopwatch to access
through R(318), press EEX I to switch the register pointer from two digits to three digits. Then use
the digit keys or I SST Ito move the register pointer to the desired data storage register. If your stopwatch

pointer, it is not necessary to use

access moves from Rgg to R(loo),
.1
operations begin with a two-digit register pointer and proceed sequentially to a three-digit register
EEX I. The pointer will automatical~y switch to three digits when

To reset the register pointer to two-digit data storage register access, press
the leading digit in the three-digit register pointer will be truncated.
.1 EEX I again. When you do so,

Suppressing the Displayed Register Pointer

In Stopwatch mode, pressing IEEX I suppresses the displayed register pointer. (While the pointer is
suppressed, it is maintained internally.) Pressing I EEX I again or changing register pointer status restores
the register pointer to the display.

When the register pointer contains three digits and/or a negative stopwatch time is in use, the last digit of
a halted stopwatch display and/or the tenths (of a second) digit in a running stopwatch may not be
displayed. In these circumstances, suppressing the register pointer allows you to view the undisplayed
digit. This feature is also useful if you want to use the stopwatch without displaying the register pointer.

Example: Start the stopwatch. Then, suppress the register pointer, take some splits, and return the
pointer to the display.
Keystrokes Display
I sw l lRIsl 00 : •• : •• . • j-ROO Starts the stopwatch.
IEEXI 00 :· ·:· ·. · Suppresses register pointer.
I ENTER + II ENTER +I
I ENTER+ I 00: ...... : ...... . ... Takes three splits rapidly. (They are stored
in Roo through R02.)
IEEXI 00: ...... : ....... ... . j-R03 Displays register pointer.
I EEXI 00: ... <\1·: <\1· ... . ... Suppresses pointer.
IRCLI OO:MM:SS .hh ::ROO Activates split recall display; split recall
pointer appears.
IEEXI OO:MM :SS.hh Suppresses split recall pointer.
IRlsl OO:MM:SS.hh j-R03 Halts stopwatch; split storage pointer
appears.
I±J 00:00:00.00 j-R03 Clears stopwatch .
• I±J Exits from Stopwatch mode.

*The Hp·41CV or an Hp·41C equipped with an HP 82170A Quad Memory Module or one or more HP 82106A Memory Modules.
36 Section 3: Stopwatch Functions

Printing Split Data

If you use an HP 82143A Printer or an HP 82162A Thermal Printer and wish to produce printouts of
splits, you can do so using IATIME lor IATIME24 1and the I PRA I(print ALPHA) function. (Refer to page 19,
Appending a Time to the ALPHA Register, and to the appropriate printer and/or HP-IL manual.) A
program for printing a block .o f splits is included on page 74 of this manual.

Even though you cannot print split differences directly while in Stopwatch mode, you can print split
differences using the calculator's IHMS- I function. For example, to print the difference between a
nonnegative split stored in Roo and a later split stored in R ol :

1. Exit from Stopwatch mode.

2. Recall the number in ROl (the later split value).
3. Recall the number in Roo (the earlier split value).
4. Execute I HMS- I.
5. Clear the ALPHA register of any current ALPHA data. (This step is optional.)
6. Execute IATIME24 land print the contents of the ALPHA register.

Using the Stopwatch When Not in Stopwatch Mode

In addition to I SW I, which switches the calculator into Stopwatch mode, there are four programmable
functions that enable you to control the stopwatch without switching to Stopwatch mode. These four
functions allow you to set and run the stopwatch, recall current times as numbers in the X-register, and
halt the stopwatch. You can also specify a timer alarm by setting the stopwatch to a negative starting
time. All programmable stopwatch functions operate only while the calculator is not set to Stopwatch
mode.

Input/Output Format
When you access the stopwatch without switching to Stopwatch mode, the format used for stopwatch
inputs and outputs is:

±HH.MMSShh

A negative input or output represents a negative stopwatch value.

Setting, Starting, and Stopping the Stopwatch

ISETswl x I time (HH.MMSShh)

The ISETSW 1(set stopwatch) function sets the stopwatch to the specified time.

To set the stopwatch for internal timer operation, place the initial stopwatch setting in the X-register and
execute ISETSW I. The starting time can be any valid time (HH.MMSShh number) between -99.595999 and
99.595999. An invalid number will result In an error message. Digits to the right ofthe hundredths of a
second digits (hh) will be ignored. If the stopwatch is already running when I SETSW 1 is executed, the
stopwatch will be reset to the specified time and continue running.
 Section 3: Stopwatch Functions 37

IRUNswl

The 1RUNSwl (run stopwatch) function starts the halted stopwatch when the calculator is not set to
Stopwatch mode.

ISTOpswl

The I STopswl (stop stopwatch) function halts the stopwatch when the calculator is not set to Stopwatch
mode.

Recalling the Current Stopwatch Time

[RCLSwl

The [ RCLSwl (recall stopwatch) function recalls the current stopwatch time to the X-register. The stack
will lift in the same way that it would if you recalled a number from a data storage register using [ RCL I.
 Section 4

Alarms

The time module provides you with the capability to set alarms for reminding you of appointments and
for executing programs or plug-in device functions_ All clock alarms are set using one powerful, program-
mable function: IXYZALMI(XYZ alarm). Like the clock itself, clock alarms operate whether the calculator is
turned on or off. An alarm that comes due while the calculator is executing any function-including ISW 1
(calculator set to Stopwatch mode)-will activate when execution ofthe function is completed.

In addition to the clock .alarms you can set using IXYZALMI, the time module also enables you to use the
stopwatch to set a single timer alarm.

Basic Clock Alarm Operation

IXYlALMI z I repeat interval (HHHH.MMSSt) ALPHA Blank,
y I date (MM.DDYYYYor Message,
DD.MMYYYY) Label.
or
X I time (HH.MMSSt) Function

Each execution of IXYZALMIsets a separate alarm using the data in the X-, Yo, Z-, and ALPHA registers as
alarm parameters. The information in the X-, Yo, and Z-registers specifies the alarm time parameters,as
described in the following chart. (Notice that, unlike other time input functions, I XYZALM1uses tenths-
rather than hundredths-of a second.)

Alarm Time Parameters

Z-Register: Alarm Repeat Interval

This parameter (r) causes the alarm to repeat itself after the specified interval.
Format of r HHHH.MMSSt
Range of r 10 Seconds":;; r < 10,000 Hours
No Repeat User=O

V-Register: Alarm Date

This parameter (d) is the date on which you want the alarm to activate.
Format ofd MM. DO YYYY or DD.MMYYYY
Range ofd January 1, 1900 through December 31, 2199
Current Date Used=O

X-Register: Alarm Time

This parameter (T) is the time of day at which you want the alarm to be activated.
Format of T HH.MMSSt
Range of T -23.59599":;; T":;; 23.59599

39
40 Section 4: A lar ms

The information in the ALPHA register when you execute IXYlALM Idetermines the alarm type.

Tone Alarm
Message Alarm
ALPHA your input
Interrupting
ControlAlarm
Noninterrupting
ControlAlarm

Thus, for each alarm you set, you must specify one of four options in the ALPHA register, as shown in the
following chart:
Alarm Type Parameters

Tone Alarm
Alarm produces a'series of tones and a flashing time/date display.
ALPHA
Register I Empty I
This alarm is intended to activate when it comes due, whether the calculator is on, off, or executing a
program. A tone alarm serves only to alert you at the time you specify. It does not affect the contents of the
stack, ALPHA, or data storage registers.

Message Alarm
Alarm produces a flashing Alpha string message and a series of tones.
ALPHA
Register I Alpha String Message (Up to 24 Characters) I
This alarm operates in the same way as a tone alarm, except that it can be personalized to remind you of
specific appointments or events.

Interrupting Control Alarm

Executes a program or a plug-in device function that you specify.
ALPHA
Register I +
t program label or function name ++ I
This alarm is intended for use when you want a program, or a programmable function from a plug-in
device, to be executed at a specific time (whether the calculator is on, off, running a program or displaying
the clock).
Noninterrupting Control Alarm
'\
Executes a program or a plug-in device function only while the calculator is turned off or is displaying the
clock.
ALPHA
Register I t program label or t function name I
This alarm operates like the interrupting control alarm except:

• The alarm w i ll not interrupt a running program. Instead, the calculator sounds a pair of tones and
the alarm becomes past due. *
• If the calculator is turned on and the clock not displayed, it is assumed that calculations may be in
progress. The alarm activates as a message alarm only. The alarm's program or function is not
executed.
Because of this operation, a noninterrupting control alarm enables you to avoid disrupting data relevant to
current calculations (data in the stack, ALPHA, and data storage registers) .

• A past-due alarm is an alarm that is set to a time which is earlier than the current 'time. Past-due alarms and the ways in w hich they
can occur are described later in this section and in appendi)( D, More About Past-Due Alarms.
 Section 4 : A larms 41

To summarize, each time you use I XYZALM 1 to set an alarm, the calculator uses the data in the X-, Yo, Z-,
and ALPHA registers for alarm parameters. For this reason:

• When you do not want the alarm to have a repeat interval, enter a zero in the Z-register.
• When you want the alarm to activate later on the current date, enter a zero in the Y-register.
• When you do not want a unique message displayed and do not want a program or plug-in device
function executed when the alarm activates, clear the ALPHA register.

When you are satisfied that the X-, Yo, Z-, and ALPHA registers contain the alarm parameters you want
for a particular alarm, set the alarm by executing XYZA LM I .
1

Setting Tone Alarms

A tone alarm is the simplest of the four types of clock alarms. To set a tone alarm, perform the following
steps:

1. Clear the ALPHA register (I ALPHA II±JI ALPHA 1or I CLA I).

2. Enter a repeat interval parameter in the Z-register. (If you do not want a repeat interval, enter zero.)
3. Enter an alarm date in the Y-register. (If you want the alarm to come due on the current date, enter
zero.)
4. P lace the desired alarm time in the X-register.
5. Execute I XVZALM I.

To give you some practice in using I XYZALM I, try the following three examples of tone alarms. As you will
see, each of the alarms differs from the others in accordance with the parameters placed in the stack
registers.

Note: To demonstrate alarm operation in this manual, almost every alarm example uses I SETIME I to
change the clock to a time t hat immediately precedes the alarm time used in the example. Th is clock
manipulation serves only to ensure that the alarms you set while executing the examples printed in the
manual w ill activate w ith in one or two minutes after you set t hem. When you set alarms for use in your
own real-time appl ications, you should not use ISETIM E I.

Setting an Alarm to a Later Time on the Current Date.

Example: Set the current time to 1:00 a.m., then imme- z
diately key in an alarm for 1:01 a.m. on the current date.
When the current time reaches 1:01 a.m., the alarm will
activate.
ALPHA
y
X bid
I Blank I
Executi ng I XYZALM I sets
a nonrepeating alarm
for 1:01 a.m. on the
current date.

Keystrokes Display
1 I SETIM E I 1 .000000 Sets time to 1:00 a.m.
I ALPHA II±JI ALPHA I 1 .000000 Clears ALPHA register.
0/ ENTER II ENTER I 0 .000000 Enters zero in the Y- and 2-registers. (That
is, specifies current date and no repeat
interval.)
1 .01 I XVZALM I 1.010000 Sets alarm to 1:01 a.m.
42 Section 4: Alarms

When the alarm activates, the calculator will sound a pair of tones· and display the time and date. When
the display begins to flash the time and date, press the ~ key to acknowledge and terminate the alarm. .

Keystrokes Display
1 :01 AM MMIDD Alarm activates at 1:01 a.m. (The month
and day to which your calculator is
currently set will appear instead of the
MMIDD shown here.)
1.010000 Pressing ~ while the display is flashing
acknowledges the alarm and displays the
X-register.

If you do not acknowledge the alarm within approximately 1 second after the display begins flashing, the
calculator starts sounding a series of 16 pairs of tones. If you do not acknowledge the alarm before the
tones halt (and the display stops flashing), the alarm becomes a past-duet alarm and remains in memory.

If you did not acknowledge the alarm in the above example by pressing ~ before the display stopped
flashing (and the tones stopped sounding), reset the clock to 1:00 a.m. and wait for the alarm to activate
again. When the alarm activates and while the display is flashing, press the ~ key as shown in the last
step above. This will delete the alarm from memory. (The procedure described in this paragraph alters the
clock and should be used only when you are experimenting with random alarms and clock times. Later in
this section, under The Alarm Catalog, you will see the method you should normally use to delete
unwanted alarms.)

Setting an Alarm for a Future Date.

Example: If your time module is not already set to 1 MDY I z o
date format, execute I MDY I now. Then set an alarm for y 8.31199
10:00 p.m. on August 31, 1990. X - 10

ALPHA Blank
Exec ut i ng X:;:YlA
:;:;::L:;:M:;:;I:=-se-'t~s
r71

a nonrepeating alarm
for 10:00 p . m. on
August 31, 1990.

Keystrokes Display
I MDYI 1 .010000 Sets 1MDY Iformat. (The number in the
display remains from the previous
example.)
IALPHAI~IALPHAI 1.010000 Ensures that ALPHA register is cleared.
o1ENTER. 1 0.000000 Enters repeat interval of zero (no repeat).
8.311991 ENTER. I 8.311990 Enters date of alarm (8/31/1990).
10@§] -10_ Places alarm time (10:00 p.m.) in X-register.
IXYlALM I -10.000000 Sets alarm to 10:00 p.m. on August 31, 1990;
no repeat interval.

'Unless flag 26- audio enable-is cleared. Refer to section 14, Flags, in your calculator owner's manual.

tRefer to the footnote at the bottom ofthe chart on page 40.

 Section 4 : A larms 43

Setting an Alarm to Repeat at Specified Intervals.

z
Example. Set your calculator to 1:00 a.m., then set the y ~
alarm to activate at 11:00 a.m. and to repeat at 15·minute
intervals.
X W
ALPHA Blank I
Executing 1XYZALM Isets
a 15-minute repeating
alarm to initially acti-
vate at 11:00 a.m. on
the current date.

Keystrokes Display
1 SETIME I
1 1 .000000 Sets clock to 1:00 a.m.
IALPHA 11±l1r.A""'L""PH""'A~I 1 .000000 Ensures that ALPHA register is cleared.
.151 ENTER. I 0.150000 Enters repeat interval (15 minutes).
OIENTERi I 0 .000000 Enters alarm date (current date).
11 IXVZALM 1 11 .000000 Set alarm time to 11:00 a.m.

The first alarm example (an alarm for a later time on the current date, page 41) included activation and
acknowledgement, and the alarm should no longer be in the calculator's memory. But if you have just
executed the two preceding alarm examples, both alarms should now exist in your calculator's memory.
The following topic, The Alarm Catalog, describes how to keep track of such alarms and how to delete
them from memory.

The Alarm Catalog

IALMCAT I

The IALMCAT I(alarm catalog) function enables you to:

• List by alarm time (earliest to latest) all clock alarms currently in memory (including any past-due
alarms).
• Examine the parameters of any clock alarm.
• Bypass the next activation of a repeating alarm by resetting it to a later activation time.
• Compare alarm times to the current time.
• Delete unwanted alarms.

When you execute 1ALM CAT L the calculator switches to Alarm Catalog mode, displays each alarm setting
(time and date, followed by any Alpha message, function name, or program label included in the alarm),
then exits from Alarm Catalog mode and displays the X·register.

If a printer is active and set to Trace mode when you execute 1ALMCAT I. the parameters of each alarm will
be printed.

Now let's use IALM CAT Ito access the pending alarms that we set in the two previous examples.
44 Section 4 : A larms

Keystrokes Display
11 .000000 Previous display.
IALMCAT I 11 :00AM MM / DD Enters Alarm Catalog mode and displays
10:00PM 08/ 31 alarms remaining from preceding examples.
11 .000000 Exits Alarm Catalog mode and displays X-
register. .
When you want to closely examine the Alarm Catalog listing, delete an alarm, or reset repeating alarm a
to its next future alarm time, press IRIS 1immediately after executing I ALMCAT I. This halts the calculator
in Alarm Catalog mode and temporarily redefines the keyboard to perform only the following Alarm
Catalog operations:

• These key assignments access the alarm to which the alarm catalog is currently set (the I ALPHA 1key
is not used):

1!1 Displays the time to which the alarm is set to activate.

[Q) Displays the alarm date.
I]] Displays the repeat interval.
II]] Resets the alarm to the next future occurrence as determined by the repeat interval
specified when the alarm was set.
[MJ Displays alarm message, label, or function, if any.
I[£) Deletes the alarm from memory ... The I [£J key sequence provides the only direct
method for deleting a repeating alarm.

• These key assignments are also active:

Irn Displays the current time at the moment that rn is released.

1SST 1 Single-steps to the next alarm. (Displays alarm time and date momentarily, then displays
the alarm's message, label, or function-if any.) If the calculator is set to the last alarm in
memory, repeats the display of that alarm .
• 1eST 1 Back-steps to the previous alarm. If the calculator is set to the first alarm in memory,
repeats the display ofthat alarm.
IRIS 1 Resumes the I ALMCAT Ilisting.
~ Exits alarm catalog mode.

All other keys and/or key assignments (except I ON Dare deactivated while the calculator is set to Alarm
Catalog mode. When the calculator is removed from Alarm Catalog mode, the key assignments that were
active before you executed I ALMCAT 1are restored. .
Note: If the calculator: is halted in Alarm Catalog mode and a key is not- pressed for approximately 2
minutes, the calculator automatically exits from Alarm Catalog mode and waits for input from the
keyboard. If approximately 10 more minutes pass without a key being pressed, the calculator turns
itself off. If IALMCAT Iis executed in a running program, execution of the program will resume following
termination of IALMCAT I.
Example: Try the preceding operations using the alarm settings that remain from earlier examples.
First, set the calculator to Alarm Catalog mode by executing 1ALMCAT I, then press I RIS Ias soon as the first
alarm setting appears in the display. (This example assumes that only the alarms set in the two preceding
examples exist in the calculator. If other alarms exist, they will alter the results shown in the example.)
• All alarms can be deleted by turning off the calculator, removing the time module, and turning the calculator on then off. This returns
all other time module settings, except the date (ormat, to their default values.
 Section 4: Alarms 45

Keystrokes Display
IALMCAT I 11 :OOAM MM/ DD
IRlsl 11 :OOAM MM / DD Alarm catalog halted at the earliest alarm
setting. (Ifthe calculator advanced to the
second alarm-1 0 :00PM-before you
pressed I RIS I, just press .1 eST Ito move
back to the fIrst alarm.)
11 :00:00.0 AM Displays all digits of alarm setting.
HH:MM:SS AM Displays the current time.
MMI DD I YY DAY Displays alarm date and day.
00:15:00.0 Displays alarm repeat interval.
11:15AM MMI DD Resets alarm according to repeat interval
and displays resulting time and date.
Blank display indicates no message was in
the ALPHA register when the alarm was
set.
10:00PM 08 / 31 Steps calculator to the next alarm in
memory.
11 :15AM MM I DD Back steps to previous alarm.
10:00PM 08 / 31 Deletes first alarm from memory; resets
catalog to remaining alarm.
11 .000000 Deletes second alarm from memory.
Because no other alarms remain in memory,
calculator automatically exits from Alarm
Catalog mode and displays the.X-register.
(Remember: To manually exit from Alarm
Catalog mode, press ~ or I R/' I.)

Setting Alarms That Use.lnformation in the ALPHA Register

When you execute IXYZALM I, the contents of the ALPHA register determine the type of alarm that is set.
Tone alarms like the ones you set earlier in this section are specifIed by a blank ALPHA register. When
you want to set an alarm that displays a message or executes a program or function, you must place the
appropriate message, program label, or function name in the ALPHA register before executing IXVZALM I.

Message Alarms
A message alarm is set in the same way as a tone alarm,
except that the desired message is placed in the ALPHA Z reset
register prior to executing I XYZALM I. When activated, the V date
alarm performs in the same way as a tone alarm, except that X time
the first 12 characters of the mess~ge are displayed instead
of the time and date. When you press a key to acknowledge
ALPHA I message I (up to 24
characters)
the alarm, the first 12 characters appear steadily in the
To Set an Alarm
display. When you release the key, the second 12 characters With a Message
(if any) are displayed for approximately 3 seconds.

Example: You must leave your home at 4:00 a.m. to allow enough time to board a space shuttle flight to
your company's orbiting research station. Set a nonrepeating message alarm to alert you at 3:45. (To
ensure that the current time is earlier than the alarm time for this example, set the time module to 3:43
a.m. before setting the alarm.)
46 Section 4: Alarms

Keystrokes Display
3.43 1SETIME I 3.430000 Sets time to 3:43 a.m.
I ALPHAIGET READY
TO DEPART
IALPHAI 3.430000 Keys message into ALPHA register.
oI ENTER. II ENTER+- I 0.000000 Places zero in Y - and Z- registers to specify
current date and no repeat interval.
3.45 1XVZALMI 3.450000 Sets alarm to 3:45 a.m. (Now wait for alarm
to activate.)
GETREADYTO Alarm activates. Acknowledge by pressing
any key except~, ISTO I, or ION I.
LQiJ(held) GETREADVTO Pressing a key (such as ILN I) displays the
first 12 characters.
(released) DEPART Displays second 12 characters.
3 .4 50000 After approximately three seconds, the X-
register is displayed.

Control Alarms
Control alarms enable you to set alarms for executing programs and for executing programmable
functions that are provided in devices that are plugged into the calculator. This capability provides you
with time control of program execution and execution of plug-in device functions.

Note: Programmable functions built into the calculator can be executed in a program that is started by
an alarm, but cannot be executed directly by an alarm.

There are two types of control alarms: interrupting control alarms and noninterrupting control alarms.
Both types of control alarms are set using IXYZALM 1in the same way as other alarms, except that they
require you to place one or two + symbols (refer to the back label on the calculator), followed by the
desired program label or device function name, in the ALPHA register.

Global Labels. The identifying labels of programs referred to by control alarms should be global
(nonlocal) Alpha labels; that. is, any Alpha labels except locallabelslLBLI A through ILBLI J and ILBLI a
through ILBL 1e. (Refer to Local Labels in your calculator owner's handbook.)

Now let's look at the difference between interrupting control alarms and noninterrupting control alarms.

Interrupting Control Alarms. An interrupting control alarm causes the. calculator to execute the
specified program or function whether the c8.Iculator is turned off, turned on, executing a program, or
displaying the clock. (If the calculator is executing a function, the alarm will be delayed until that
function has been completed.·)

To set an interrupting control alarm, place two • symbols followed by the program .label or device
function name in the ALPHA register, place the desired repeat interval, date, and time parameters in the
appropriate stack registers, then execute IXYZALM I. (Refer to the charts on pages 39 and 40.)

ALPHA I i'i' program 'abe' or ALPHA .i' i' function name

·ForlALMCAT I , ~ , and some plug·in device functions, the delay could be severalsecunde or longer, depending upon when the function
is completed.
 Section 4 : Alarms 47

The program label or function name you specify for an interrupting control alarm should have no more
than six characters.· To set an interrupting control alarm to execute a program or function that is
identified by a seven-character label or name, create a short "calling" program that executes the program
or function you want, then set the alarm to execute the calling program.

If an interrupting control alarm comes due while a program is running (including a program started by
another control alarm), execution of the running program will be temporarily suspended while the
program or function referenced by the interruptiIlg alarm is e~ecuted. t When the alarm references a
program, the calculator runs the program as a subroutine of the program that was interrupted (and uses
one subroutine level-refer to section 12, Subroutines, in your calculator owner's handbook for more
information).

Example: Use an interrupting control alarm with a short program to interrupt execution of a
continuously executing loop program. The following (trivial) program provides you with a continuously
executing loop.
Keystrokes Display
I PRGM I
.IGTOIElEl 00 REGnn
.ILBLIIALPHAILOOP I ALPHA I 01 LBLTLOOP
.IGToIIALPHAI LOO P I ALPHA I 02 GTOTLOOP

To provide a program which the alarm can use to interrupt the preceding program, key in the following
program that sounds four tones and displays ....
Keystrokes Display
00 REGnn

02 T .i.
01 LBLTTEST
02 T •

02 T . . .-
03 TONE 5
04 TONE 6
05 TO NE7
06 TONE4
07 AON
08 PSE
09 AOFF
10 RTN

Now, to see how an interrupting control alarm operates when another program is running, first set an
interrupting control alarm that will call the TEST program, then immediately start the continuously
looping program.
Keystrokes Display
1 I SETIME I 1.000000 Sets clock time to 1:00 a.m.
IALPHAI • • • • ,""
, The .... specifies an interrupting control
TEST I'?TEST alarm.
/ALPHAI 1.000000

·If a seven-character program label or function name is specified in an interrupting alarm, the seventh character is ignored (even
though it appears when you view the alarm in Alarm Catalog mode). When the alarm activates, the calculator searches for a program
label or function name corresponding to the first six characters you specified when you set the alarm. If a matching label or name is
notiound, NONEXlSTE NT is displayed.
tThe actual interruption will occur following execution of any function that is in the process of being executed when the alarm comes
due. Also, the alarm will not interrupt until the stack lift is enabled by a function in a running program. (Refer to Appendix C, Stack
Lift Conditions and Termination of Keyboard Entry, in your calculator owner's handbook for more information.)
48 Section 4: Alarms

Keystrokes Display
OIENTER+II~E=N=TE=R~+~1 0 .000000 Enters repeat interval and date parameters.
1.02 IXYZALM I 1 .020000 Sets alarm for 1.02 a .m.
~ I ALPHA IlOOP XEQLOOP Execute loop before the alarm comes due.
IALPHA I .. J-
At 1:02 a.m. the alarm activates and
temporarily interrupts the looping
program.
After program TEST (called by the alarm)
has been executed, the looping program
resumes.
IRlsl 1 .020000 Halts looping program.
The preceding example shows how a running program is suspended by an interrupting control alarm that
starts a second program. When the second program finishes execution, the calculator resumes execution
of the first program. If the second program executes an I OFF I function the calculator will tum off without
resuming execution of the first program. For an example of this operation, insert an IOFF Iinstruction after
line 09 in the TEST program. Then repeat the part of the preceding example that sets the time and alarm,
and executes the LOOP program.

Noninterrupting Control Alarms. The calculator's response to a noninterrupting control alarm

depends upon the current calculator operating state.

• If the calcarator is turned off or is displaying the clock,

the specified program or function is executed in the
same way as for an interrupting control alarm. Response of
Calculator
Noninterrupting
• If the calculator is executing a program (including a State
Control Alarm
program that was executed by another alarm), the
Oft or Executes Specified
alarm activates only by sounding a pair of tones to Displaying Program
indicate that it came due.'" The program that was Clock
executing is not interrupted; the alarm becomes a past- Executing Becomes Past Due
due alarm. a Program

• If the calculator is turned on, but not in either of the two All Other Activates as a
preceding states, the alarm activates as a message Times Message Alarm
alarm, with t and the label or function name
appearing as the message.

To specify a noninterrupting control alarm, place one t symbOl and the program label or device function
name in the ALPHA register before executing IXYZALM I:

I or ALPHA i' function name

The program label or function name you specify with this type of alarm can have up to seven characters
(which is the maximum allowed by the calculator).

Example: As described above, in cases when the calculator is turned off or is displaying the clock, a
noninterrupting control alarm activates in the same way as an interrupting .control alarm. Let's use the
programs from the preceding example to demonstrate how a noninterrupting control alarm operates in
the two other cases when the calculator is: (1) turned on, but not displaying the clock, and (2) running a
program.

·Ifflag 26-audio enable-is cleared, no tones will sound. Refer to eection 14, Flags, in your calculator owner's handbook.
 Sect ion 4 : A larms 49

Keystrokes Display
1 1SETIMEI 1.000000 Sets time to 1:00 a.m.
IALPHAI • • 'lI
I _ The single. specifies a noninterrupting
control alarm.
TEST /' TEST_
1ALPHA I 1 .000000
o 1ENTER. II ENTER. I 0 .000000 Enters "no repeat" and "current date"
alarm parameters.
1.01 1XYZALM I 1 .010000 Sets alarm for 1:01 a.m.

At 1:01 a.m. the alarm activates as a message alarm. The program specified by the alarm is not activated.

Keystrokes Display

i'TEST Alarm Activates.

1.010000 Acknowledge the alarm before the display
stops flashing. (If the display stops flashing
before you acknowledge the alarm, the
alarm will be retained in memory as an
activated past-due alarm. *)

Now set the time and noninterrupting control alarm again to see the response when this type of alarm
comes due while the calculator is running a program.

Keystrokes Display
1 1sETIMEI 1.000000 Sets the time to 1:00 a.m.
IALPHAI • • TEST ? TEST Specifies a noninterrupting control alarm.
1ALPHA I 1.000000
01 ENTER. II ENTER. I 0.000000 Enters "no repeat" and "current date"
alarm parameters.
1.01 1XVZALM I 1 .010000 Sets alarm for 1:01 a.m.
1XEO II ALPHA I
LOOP 1ALPHA I 1- .. 1- Begins execution of the LOOP program
before the alarm comes due.
(alarm due) 1- ... 1- When the noninterrupting control alarm
comes due, two tones sound and the alarm
automatically becomes an activated past-
due alarm.
1 .010000 Halts running LOOP program.
In When you press ION I to turn the calculator
off, a tone sounds and the past due alarm
activates and runs the TEST program, thus
deleting the alarm from memory.
1 .010000 The calculator remains turned on after the
program specified by the past-due alarm is
executed.

Note: The result shown for the final step in' the example shown above assumes that the activated
past-due alarm resulting from the preceding steps is the only past-due alarm in memory. If other
past-due alarms also exist in memory. the calculator may respond differently than shown.

·The alarm activated as a message (or tone). alarm but ~~ not acknowledged. The characterietics of activated past·due alarms are
discusaed under Past-Due Alarms, page 52, and in appendix D, More About Past-Due Alarms, page 81.
50 Section 4 : A larms

Program Execution Without Labels

You can set a program alarm to begin program execution from places in memory which do not have
global Alpha labels. To do so, place the ++ or + symbol(s) without a program label or function name in
the ALPHA register, enter the other alarm parameters you want in the stack registers, and execute
IXYZALM I. When the alarm activates, program execution will begin at the program line to which the
calculator is set at that moment. This type of alarm allows a program, after suspending itself with an
I OFF 1 instruction, to resume when the alarm activates. (As with other noninterrupting control alarms, a

non interrupting control alarm without a program or function designation will initiate program execution
only if the alarm comes due while the calculator is turned off or is displaying the clock.)

When Alarms Affect Data

If a program executed by either type of control alarm affects any user flags or the ALPHA, stack, or data
registers, you may want to make provisions in the program referenced by the alarm to restore the affected
information. Otherwise, important ,information may be lost, which could result in errors during
subsequent calculations.

Alarms That Require Acknowledgement

An activating alarm that does not execute a program or function requires an acknowledgement from the
keyboard. When an alarm is acknowledged, it is deleted from memory (or reset to a future time if the
alarm has a repeat interval). The three types of alarms that require acknowledgement are:

• Tone alarm.
• Message Alarm.
• Noninterrupting Control Alarm~, if the alarm comes due when the calculator is turned on, but is not
displaying the clock or executing a program.

Recall that you acknowledged a tone and a noninterrupting alarm in the examples on pages 41 and 49, and
a message alarm in the example on page 45.

When an alarm requiring acknowledgement activates, a pair of tones sounds, * followed by a period of
approximately 1 second during which the keyboard is deactivated. When the display begins to flash, the
keyboard is reactivated and the alarm can be acknowledged by pressing a key. If the alarm display flashes
five times without a key being pressed, the calculator will sound up to 16 pairs of tones to give further notice
that an alarm has activated. The following diagram shows the operation of alarms that require
acknowledgement:

Unacknowledged Alarm
Halts and Becomes an
Alarm Activates, Activated Past-Due
Sounds 2 Tones Flashing Alarm Alarm
Dlsplav 1
Time -
1 ~~
Up to 16 Pairs
ofTones Sound
(((e)))(((e))) - - - - - - - ( ( ( e ) ) ) ( ( ( e ) ) ) (((e)))(((e))) • • • (((e)))(((e)))----i~~

Keyboard Press Key to Acknowledge

Deactivated and Halt Alarm

*Ifflag 26-audio enable-is cleared,no tones will sound, Refer to Section 14, Flags, in your calculator owner's handbook,
 Section 4: Alarms 51

Acknowledging Alarms
When an alarm display is flashing, pressing any key except~, I STO I, or I ON Iacknowledges the currently
active alarm and displays the alarm's time and date (if a tone alarm) or message (if a message alarm). If a
noninterrupting control alarm activates as a message alarm refer to Noninterrupting Control Alarms,
page 48), the display will flash the alarm's +and program label or function name as a message. The alarm
can be acknowledged in the same way as a message or tone alarm. (Interrupting control alarms always
execute a program or function and cannot be acknowledged from the keyboard.)

When you press a key to acknowledge an alarm, holding down the key retains the alarm display. After the
key is released, the message will remain in the display for approximately 3 seconds. Pressing the same key
again-or any other key except~, I STO I, or I ON I-before the alarm display is cleared retains the alarm
display for an additional 3 seconds. Where an alarm includes a message of more than 12 characters, the
first 12 will be displayed while the key is held down; the remaining characters will be displayed during the
3-second delay after the key is released.

Note: Be sure to wait until the alarm message is cleared before attempting to execute another
function . Otherwise you may unintentionally delay the clearing of the alarm display.

Acknowledging Repeat Alarms

When you acknowledge a repeat alarm, the new setting for the alarm is determined from the alarm time,
and not from the time at which the alarm is acknowledged.

Acknowledging With I + I, ISTO I, and ION 1

As you saw in the example that begins on page 41, pressing ~ acknowledges the alarm without the
3-second display of the alarm message. The ION Ikey operates in the same way. Pressing I STO Ias the last
or only acknowledgement key halts the alarm and also retains it as an (activated) past-due alarm. (This is
useful when you want to preserve an alarm message for later reference.) Past due alarms are discussed on
the next page.

Note: If you press I STO Ito acknowledge a repeat alarm, the alarm will not be reset, but will be retained
in memory as an (activated) past-due alarm.

Alarm Activation Delay

If an alarm comes due while an earlier alarm that requires acknowledgement is activating, the second
alarm will be delayed until the first alarm has been acknowledged or completes its activation cycle.

Multiple Alarm Activation

If two or more alarms are set to the same time (the same day, hour, minute, second, tenth-of·a-second) the
alarms will activate in the order in which they were set. Where all such alarms are tone or message
alarms, each alarm will finish its cycle before the next alarm activates. However, if one or more control
alarms that exec)lte a program are followed in memory by any other alarms set to the same time, the
alarm activation sequence will vary. This is because the programs referred to by the control alarms will
be interrupted (temporarily suspended) while these other alarms begin their activation cycles. (If one of
these other alarms is a noninterrupting control alarm, such an alarm activates as if the calculator was
executing the suspended program-a pair of tones sounds and the alarm becomes past-due.) Where two or
more alarms are set to differ6nt times, but are close enough together to overlap their activation cycles, the
activation sequence will be .' ffected in the same way as described above.
I
i
52 Section 4: Alarms

Past- Due Alarms

A past·due alarm is any clock alarm in memory having an alarm time that is earlier than the current
time. The following information provides a basic description of past·due alarm operation. A more detailed
description is provided in appendix D, More About Past·Due Alarms.

How Past-Due Alarms Are Created

Activated Past-Due Alarms. An activated past-due alarm results if:

• A tone or message alarm activates, but either is not acknowledged or is acknowledged with the ISTO I
key.
• A noninterrupting control alarm activates as a message alarm and either is not acknowledged or is
acknowledged with the ISTO Ikey. (Refer to N oninterrupting Control Alarms, page 48.)

• A noninterrupting control alarm activates while the calculator is executing a program.

Unactivated Past-Due Alarms. An unactiuated past·due alarm results if a future alarm is bypassed by
a time change or if an alarm is initially set to a time in the past. Since these situations are not likely to
occur, unactivated past-due alarms are not likely to arise. For additional information, refer to appendix D,
More About Past·Due Alarms.

Detecting Past-Due Alarms

If any past·due alarms exist when you press ION I to turn on the calculator, a pair of tones will sound to
remind you of these alarms. A pair of tones will also sound if an unactiuated past-due alarm (described in
the preceding paragraph) is created or already exists when you execute a time-change or IXYZALM I
function.

Deleting Pa~t-Due Alarms From Memory

The time module is designed so that past-due alarms remain in memory until activated (and acknow·
ledged, if necessary) or until deleted.

When you want to delete any unwanted past due alarm from memory, place the calculator in Alarm
Catalog mode, locate the alarm, and use the.[£)function to delete the alarm. (Refer to The Alarm Catalog,
page 43.)

Activating Past-Due Alarms

There may be times when you will want to activate a past-due alarm instead of using the Alarm Catalog
mode to delete the alarm. (Whenever a past-due alarm activates and is acknowledged, or activates and
exeCutes a function or program, it is deleted from memory-or reset if it has a nonzero repeat interval.)

Activating Past-Due Control Alarms.

I ALMNow l

Executing I ALMNOW I(alarm now) activates theeariiestpast-due control alarm in memory.

The I ALMNOW I function enables you to activate past·due control alarms on command, either from the
keyboard or in a running program. This function is convenient when you want a running program to
check for and activate a past·due noninterrupting (+) control alarm that may have come due during
 Section 4 : Alarms 53

program execution (provided there are no older past-due control alarms already in memory). When used in
a program, 1 ALMNOW I operates in the same way as a subroutine. (Refer to Subroutine Limits in your
calculator owner's manual.)

Automatic Past-Due Alarm Activation. If past·due alarms exist when you tum off the calculator or
execute a clock display function, the calculator reminds you of these past-due alarms by activating one or
more of them. (For additional information, refer to appendix D, More About Past·Due Alarms.) If a
past·due control alarm is automatically activated, the tum·off or clock display will be cancelled.

Note: When a past·due control alarm is activated automatically, the calculator turns off momentarily,
then turns back on. When this occurs, some user and system flags may be affected. Refer to section
14, Flags, in your calculator owner's handbook.

When a past·due tone or message alarm activates, you can acknowledge the alarm in the same ways as
described under Acknowledging Alarms, page 51-except for acknowledging with the 1ON I key, which is
described after the following example.

Example. To demonstrate a past-due alarm, allow a simple message alarm to become past-due. That is,
let the alarm activate and cycle through the alarm response without being acknowledged. Then turn off
the calculator. (If there are any other past-due alarms in the calculator, you should delete them from
memory before proceeding with this example. Otherwise the calculator will not perform as indicated
below.)

Keystrokes Display
9 1sETIME I 9.000000 Sets the clock to 9:00 a.m.
1ALPHA IALARM 1ALPHA I 9.000000 Place the message" ALARM" in the ALPHA
register.
01 ENTERtll ENTERtl 0.000000 Specifi~8 "no repeat" and "current date" for
z·
alarm parameters in and Y·registers,
respectively.
9.01 IXVZALM I 9.010000 Enters 9.01 (for 9:01 a.m.) in the X·register
and sets the alarm.
A LARM (flashing display) Alarm activates. When the alarm activates,
do not press any keys.

When the display stops flashing, the alarm has become an (activated) past-due alarm.

Keystrokes Display
9.010000 Clears message.
ALARM When you try to turn off the calculator, the
past-due alarm activates again.

If you now acknowledge the alarm, it is deleted and the calculator turns off.· If you do not acknowledge
the alarm before the alarm cycle terminates, the calculator turns offt and retains the alarm in memory as
a past-due alarm. If a past-due alax:m remains in memory, the next time you tum on the calculator it will
sound a pair of tones to remind you that a past-due alarm exists.

For an example of automatic execution of a past-due noninterrupting control alarm, refer to page 49.

*If the calculator is inactive for approximately 10 minutes, it will tum itself off without activating any past-due alarms.

tUnless there are other past-due alarms waiting to activate. Also, if a control alarm should activate, the calculator tum·off will be
aborted.
64 Section 4 : Alarms

Halting Past-Due Alarm Activation

There may be times when you want the calculator to immediately turn off or switch to the clock display
instead of reminding you of remaining past-due alarms. The following procedure performs this option,
provided that a past-due program or function alarm does not activate between steps 1 and 2.

1. Turn off the calculator or execute a clock display function.

2. When a past-due tone or message alarm activates, wait until the display begins flashing, then press
the ION Ikey to again signal the calculator to turn off or display the clock.

The calculator will immediately turn off or display the clock. The past-due alarm that was activating
when you pressed I ON Ithe second time will not be acknowledged. (It remains in memory as an activated
past-due alarm.)

Note: If the clock is displayed and the next key you press is the ION I key, the calculator will turn off
without activating any remaining past-due alarms.

Past-Due Repeating Alarms

If a repeating tone or message alarm becomes past-due, it will not be reset until it is acknowledged. If such
a past-due repeating alarm is acknowledged, it will automatically be reset as a future alarm· using
multiples of the specified repeat interval to determine the new alarm time. A repeating control alarm that
is past-due will be reset as a future alarm when the alarm is activated.

Number of
Parameter
Alarms and Memory Space Registers Used
Whenever one or more clock alarms exist in the time module, Time and Date 1
two memory registerst are used to maintain the alarm Reset (If "a 0) 1
catalog, plus one or more registers per alarm, as shown at the
Me"age } (Seven characters
Ito 4
right. Depending upon how many memory registers are or
available in your calculator, you can use up to 253 registers Program Label per register; 24
or character maximum)
for clock alarms. Device Function

Using the Stopwatch for a Timer Alarm

Timer Alarm When Not in Stopwatch Mode

When you start the stopwatch from a negative time setting (refer to Setting, Starting, and Stopping the
Stopwatch, page 36), if the calculator is not in Stopwatch mode when the stopwatch reaches zero, the
timer alarm will active in the same way as a message alarm. You can acknowledge this alarm in the same
way as a message alarm. However, if you do not terminate the alarm by pressing a key, the alarm will
automatically be cleared at the end of the alarm period. (The TI MER ALAR M message will remain in the
display.) An unacknowledged timer alarm is not stored in the calculator's memory. (That is, it does not
b~me a past-due alarm.)

*In the rare circumstancefl where a past-due tone or message repeating alarm is acknowledged very close to a time that is a multiple of
the repeat interval, using (QIDto halt additional past·due alarms and tum off the calculator could cause the repeating alarm to re8et to
a time that has already pa88ed. For this reason, instead of pressing (QID to tum offthe calculator when the sub8equent past-due alarms
activate, acknowledge those alarms also, or allow them to complete their activation cycles.

tRegi8ters used are taken from the registers currently available for program memory, not from those currently allocated for data
storage. Refer to The HP-41C/41CV and Initial Configuration in section 7 of your calculator owner'8 manuaL
 Section 4: Alarms 55

Example: Use I SETSW I and IRUNSW I to set and run the stopwatch from a negative starting time. Then
wait for the timer alarm to activate (when the stopwatch passes through zero).

Keystrokes Display
.OO15IcHSI - .0015_ Keys the starting time into the x-re,ster.
ISETsw l -0.001500 Sets stopwatch to -00:00:15:00.
IRUNswl -0.001500 Runs stopwatch.
TIMER ALARM When stopwatch counts up to zero, the timer
alarm activates; the stopwatch continues to
run.
- 0.001500 Acknowledges and clears timer alarm.
ISTOpsw l -0.001500 Halts stopwatch.

If you now execute I RCLSW I or place the 'calculator in Stopwatch mode you will see the time at which
I STOPSW Ihalted the stopwatch. .

Timer Alarm ~n Stopwatch Mode

If the running stopwatch passes through 00:00:00.0 while the calculator is set to Stopwatch mode, the
calculator sounds a pair of identical tones.

Example: Use I SETSW I to set the stopwatch to a negative starting time, then switch to Stopwatch mode
and run the stopwatch.

Keystrokes Display
.OO15IcHSI -.0015_ Keys starting time into the X-register.
I SETswl -0.001500 Sets the stopwatch.
I sw i - 00:00:15.0 ). ROO Places the calculator in Stopwatch mode.
IR/sl -00:00: ** . * j- ROO Starts the stopwatch.

When the stopwatch passes through zero, two identical tones will sound.

Keystrokes Display

00:00: **. * J·ROO The stopwatch continues to run.

00:00:00.00 J- ROO Halts and clears Stopwatch.
- 0 .001500 Exits from Stopwatch mode.
0.000000 Clears displayed X·register.
 Section 5

Time Adjustments and the Accuracy Fa~r

The programmable time adjustment functions allow you to correct the current time setting and to set and
monitor the clock accuracy factor.

The Accuracy Factor

Like most timekeeping devices, the accuracy and precision ofthe HP 82182A Time Module can be affected
by variations in power supply, temperature, and m~ufacturing processes. While the effects of these
variations are small, you will probably want to use the time module's accuracy factor to help compensate
for the variations affecting your calculator system.

In many cases-including the examples in this manual-the uncompensated accuracy of the time module
will be sufficient for initial applications. For this reason, you may want to bypass this portion of the
manual for now and refer to it later when you have become familiar with time module operation.

The accuracy factor is the time interval in seconds at which Accuracy Factor
one pulse (of approximately 9.8 X 10- 5 second duration) is
added to or subtracted from the clock's 10240 Hz time base. SS.t Effect
The table at the right shows the accuracy factor limits and ± 99.9 Minimum Correction
format. .
± 0.1 Maximum Correction
An accuracy factor of -10.5 would cause one pulse to be 0.0 No Correction
subtracted every 10.5 seconds. An accuracy factor of 0.1 (Default Value)
would cause one pulse to be added every 0.1 s~onds.

You can determine the appropriate accuracy factor through the automatic means provided in the
I CORR ECT1function
described later in this section, or by calculation.

For information concerning time module precision and accuracy, refer to Specifications, page 61, and to
Precision and Accuracy, page 62.

Setting the Time and Automatically Adjusting the Accuracy Factor

I CORRECT 1 x I time '(HH.MMSShh) "

The J CORREcT J(set time and correct accuracy factor) function sets the time and automatically adjusts the
accuracy factor. When you place a time value in the X-register and execute I CORRECTI:

• The clock is set to the specified time in the same way that it is set when you execute ISETIME I.
• The accuracy factor is automatically adjusted using an internal calculation based on drift· and the
time span since ISETIMEI, ISETDATEI, ISETAFI, or ICORRECTl waslast executed. The time module then
begins to automatically and continually alter the clock time base according to the newly adjusted
accuracy factor.

-Drift is deviation from the COlTect time due to variations in power supply, temperature, and material variables. The value that the time
module U8es for drift is the difference between the CUlTent clock time and the new clock time (specified in the X·register) at the moment
that you execute"' CORRECT I.

57
58 Section 5: Time Adjustments and the Accuracy Factor

When you execute [CORRECT I from the keyboard there may be a small error in the precision of the
time-setting operation due to variations in your keystroke technique. (Execution takes place when the key
that executes [CORRECT I is released. *) The time span between the ~ost recent execution of [SETIME I.
[SETDATE I, [SET AF I, or [CORR ECT Iand the subsequent execution of t COR RECTI mu~t be long enough to render
keystroke precision error insignificant. In most cases this time span should pe a minimum of 30 hours.
Further increases in the time span between executions of [CORRECT I increases the probability of a more
reliable accuracy factor.t

Note: The [CORRECTI function uses the time difference (drift) between the uncorrected and corrected
time to determine the adjustment to the accuracy factor. If you wish to use [CORRECT [ to improve the
accuracy ofthe time module, you should not use [T+X Ito remove time errors due to drift. (The alteration
would not be detected by the I CORRECTIfunction.) Therefore, using [T+x l to correct errors due to drift
after a time has been set and before execution of [CORRECT I. may result in a less reliable accuracy factor.
(Refer to the footnot~ on page 57.)

The accuracy factor adjustment performed by I CORRECT I depends in part upon the difference (drift)
between th~ current time setting and the new time setting at the moment that you execute [CORRECT I. If
the time has not been previously set using [SETIMEI , executing [CORRECT I can result in an unfavorable
accuracy factor. However, once the time has been initially set using ISETIME I, you can use [CORRECTI as
often as is practicable.

Module
Installed

~
[SETIME I [CORRECT I [CORRECTI
Executed Executed Executed
I -------T----------~.Time

Time span used for Time span used for

accuracy factor accuracy factor
calculation by first calculation by the second
[CORRECT I. [CORRECT!.

Because operation of t CORRECT Iand the accuracy factor cannot be illustrated in an example of short time
duration, you may wish to experiment with [CORRECT I. Remember that increasing the time span between
execution of [SETIME I or [CORRECT I and execution of the next [CORR ECT I will result in a more effective
accuracy factor.

Reca"lIing, Setting, and Clearing the Accuracy Factor

[RCLAF I

The [RCLAF I (recall accuracy factor) function recalls the current accuracy factor to the X-register. The
stack is lifted in the same way as when you recall a number from a data storage register. If you want to
remove the time module from the calculator while preserving the accuracy factor, use [RCLAF Ito retrieve
the accuracy factor before unplugging the time module. When you plug the time module back in, you can
use the [SETAFIfunction to restore the accuracy factor.

* Approximately ±O.l second is the maximum keystroke precision for moet ueers. You can reduce preci8ion error by executing ICORRECT I
as a function ll88igned to a key instead of by Ixea II ALPHA ICORRECT I ALPHA I. This is becauee the calculator takes lee8 time to intemally
locate and execute a function Il8$igned to a single key. "

tThe longer you wait to execute ICORRECT I, the smeJler the error due to keystroke variation becomes in proportion to any error resulting
from a combination of all error factors. A practical time span for many applications is 1 week.
 Section 5: Time Adjustments and the Accuracy Factor 59

x I accuracy factor (SS.t)

. The I SETAF I (set accuracy factor) uses a value you place in the X-register to set the accuracy factor. The
accuracy factor is always rounded to the nearest tenth of a second, or set to zero, as follows:

• If the value x in the X-register is in the range - 0.1 ~ x ~0.1, and x ~ 0, the accuracy factor will be set
to ±0.1.
• If the value x in the X-register is in the range 0.1 < x < 99.949 or -99.95 < x < -0.1 the accuracy
factor will be rounded to the nearest tenth, then set.
• The accuracy factor will be set to 0.0 if the value x in the X-register is zero, or if x is greater than or
equal to 99.95 or is less than or equal to - 99.95.

When you execute I SETAF I, the time module begins to automatically'and continuously alter the clock time
base according to the accuracy factor you specified.

To clear the accuracy factor, place 0 in the X-register and execute I SETAF I.

Accuracy Factor Calculation

The ICORRECT I function provides a convenient means to correct the time module's time base (through
automatic calculation of the average accumulated error). However, if you want to establish an accuracy
factor over a relatively short period of time (such as a 36-hour interval), any keystroke error that occurs
when you execute I CORRECTI can have a more significant effect than when I CORRECT I is executed after
longer intervals. By calculating the accuracy factor yourself, then entering it using I SETAF I, you can often
implement a more effective accuracy factor over a shorter interval than you could by using I CORRECTI .
Also, if you alter the drift by executing IT+X I, the acCuracy factor that results from subsequently executing
I CORRECTI is likely to be ineffective. Thus, where drift has been altered by IT+xl , the best method of
determining an effective accuracy factor would be by performing your own calculation.

You can calculate the accuracy factor using the following formula:

AF= ______~l~______
1
---
IAF
10240 ERR
86400 spd

where: IAF = initial accuracy factor

(If IAF is zero, substitute "0" for 11 IAF.)
ERRBPd =the current erro~ in seconds per day
(A "slow" time module has a negative error, and a "fast" time module has a
positive error.)
10240 =time module internal time bas~ pulse rate
86400 =the number of seconds in a day

After you calculate an accuracy factor, it should be rounded to one significant digit to the right of the
decimal point, then set using the I SETAF Ifunction.
 Appendix A

Specifications, Warranty, and Service Information

Specifications

Power Consumption
While installed in yciur calculator, the time module continuously draws power from the calculator's
. batteries. The actual rate of power consumption depends upon how the module is being used at any given
time. There are three basic power consumption modes (c~culator and time module combined):

Note: The following information applies only to use of the time module with the calculator. It does not
apply to other calculator operations or to use of the calculator with other plug-in devices.

• High current drain (5 to 20 mA). Exists when the IALMCAT Ifunction (alarm catalog) is active or when
the calculator is set to Stopwatch mode (stopwatch displayed). This mode corresponds to a
calculator running a program.
• Moderate current drain (0.5 to 2.0 mA). Exists when the clock is displayed. This mode corresponds to
when the calculator and display are turned on and the calculator is waiting for input from the
keyboard.
• Low current drain (0.01 to 0.05 rnA). Exists when the display and calculator are turned off. (The time
module's ' precision oscillator runs continuously to maintain the clock and, if running, the
stopwatch.) This mode corresponds to when the calculator is turned off.

A freshly charged HP 82120A Rechargable Battery Pack has a capacity of 65 mAH (milliampere-hours).
A fresh set of alkaline batteries provides approximately 500 mAH. To calculate typical battery lifetimes,
divide your calculator's battery capacity by the current consum~d by the calculator and time module.

Effects of "Master Clear." Power Interruptions. and Low Power

Master Clear. Executing Master Clear (CEllON Ddoes not affect the time module clock and stopwatch.
However, all alarms will be cleared and the user flags will be returned to their default settings. (Flag 26,
which controls the audio alarm response, and flag 31, which controls the I MDY II I DMYIformat, plus all
other user flags, will be returned to the settings that result when power is first applied to the calculator's
circuitry.)

Temporary Power Interruption. A power interruption may introduce various errors into time module
operation, depending upon the duration ofthe power interruption and the current status of the calculator
and the time module. For this reason it is recommended that after any power interruption, you clear the
time module entirely by removing and replacing the module in the calculator.

Low Powe~. When battery power is too low to operate the clock display, executing 'CLOCK lor . ' ON Iturns
off the calculator (the clock will continue to keep time internally.) In most cases, this will not occur
unless the BAT annunciator is lit. If the BAT annunciator is lit, further use of the ~ime module may
exhaust battery power and cause the calculator (and time module) to lose all or part of memory, and
become unreliable.

61
62 Appendix A: Specifications, Warranty, and Service Information

Precision and Accuracy

Precision. Time-setting from the keyboard can be performed with a precision of up to 0.1 second, but this
can vary depending upon human response time. The precision of the current clock setting can be adjusted
with a precision of up to 0.01 seconds through use of the IT+ X Ifunction.

Accuracy. A crystal-stabilized time base provides accuracy control for the time module. As with any
crystal-based timepiece, actual stability at any time is a function of operating temperature and voltage
variations. If you operate your time module in a consistent routine, the total inaccuracy can be made
negligible through appropriate application and maintenance ofthe accuracy factor. The overall accuracy
ofthe time module at 25°C is ±3.02 seconds per day (±35 ppm); not to age more than an additional ±1.30
seconds per day (±15 ppm).

Stopwatch Precision. The stopwatch is intended only for hand operation from the keyboard.
Stopwatch precision may vary from 0.00 to -0.03 seconds. The difference between splits is more precise,
with an error range of 0.00 to -0.01 seconds. For maximum accuracy, splits should be taken at intervals of
no less than 0.08 seconds; otherwise, an error due to delays in internal processing time could result.
Rapidly pressing the keys in Stopwatch mode can cause temporary suppression of all or part of the
stopwatch display, but does not affect stopwatch timekeeping ability.

Module Care

CAUTION
Always turn off the calculator before connecting or disconnecting any module or peripheral. Failure to
do so could result in damage to the calculator or disruption of the system's operation.

• Keep the contact area of the module free of obstructions. Should the contacts become dirty, carefully
brush or blow the dirt out of the contact area. Do not use any liquid to clean the contacts.

• Store the module in a clean, dry place.

• Always turn off the calculator before installing or removing any module or peripherals.

• Observe the following temperature specifications:

Storage: -30° C to 60° C (-22 0 F to 1400 F).

Limited One-Year Warranty

What We Will Do
The HP 82182A Time Module is warranted by Hewlett-Packard against defects in materials and
workmanship affecting electronic and mechanical performance, but not software content, for one year
from the date of original purchase. If you sell your unit or give it as a gift, the warranty is automatically
transferred to the new owner and remains in effect for the original one-year period. During the warranty
period, we will rep!lir or, at our option, replace at no charge a product that proves to be defective, provided
you return the product, shipping prepaid, to a Hewlett-Packard service center.

What Is Not Covered

This warranty does not apply if the product has been damaged by accident or misuse or as the result of
service or modification by other than an authorized Hewlett-Packard service center.
 Appendix A: Specifications, Warranty, and Service Information 63

No other express warranty is given. The repair or replacement of a product is your exclusive remedy. ANY
OTHER IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS IS LIMITED TO THE
ONE-YEAR DURATION OF THIS WRITTEN WARRANTY. Some states, provinces, or countries
do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitation may not apply to
you. IN NO EVENT SHALL HEWLE~-PACKARD COMPANY BE LIABLE FOR CONSE-
QUENTIAL DAMAGES. Some states, provinces, or countries do not allow the exclusion or limitation of
incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.

This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state
to state, province to province, or country to country.

Warranty for Consumer Transactions in the United Kingdom

This warranty shall not apply to consumer transactions and shall not affect the statutory rights of a
consumer. In relation to such transactions, the rights and obligations of Seller and Buyer shall be
determined by statute.

Obligation to Make Changes

Products are sold on the basis of specifications applicable at the time of manufacture. Hewlett·Packard
shall have no obligation to modify or update products once sold.

Warranty Information
If you have any questions concerning this warranty or service, please contact an authorized Hewlett-
Packard dealer or a Hewlett·Packard sales and service office. Should you be unable to contact them,
please contact:

• In the United States:

Hewlett-Packard
Corvallis Division
1000 N .E. Circle Blvd.
Corvallis, OR 97330
Telephone: (503) 758-1010
Toll-Free Number: (800) 547-3400 (except in Oregon, Hawaii, and Alaska)

• In Europe:

Hewlett-Packard S.A.
7, rue du Bois-du-Lan
P.O. Box
CH-1217Meyrin2
Geneva
Switzerland
Telephone: (022) 83 8111
Note: Do not send units to this
, address for repair.
• In other countries:

Hewlett-Packard Intercontinental
3495 Deer Creek Rd.
Palo Alto, California 94304
U.S.A.
Telephone: (415) 857·1501
Note: Do not send units to this address for repair.
64 A ppendix A : Specificat ions, Warranty, and Service Information

Service

Obtaining Repair Service in the United States

The Hewlett-Packard United States Service Center for handheld and portable calculator products is
located in Corvallis, Oregon:

Hewlett-Packard Company
Corvallis Division Service Department
P.O. Box 999/1000 N.E. Circle Blvd.
Corvallis, Oregon 97330, U.S.A.
Telephone: (503) 757-2000

Obtaining Repair Service in Europe

Service centers are maintained at the following locations. For countries not listed, contact the dealer
where you purchased your unit.

AUSTRIA FRANCE NORWAY

HEWLETT·PACKARD GmbH HEWLETT-PACKARD FRANCE HEWLETT-PACKARD NORGE AlS
Kleinrechner-Serviee Division Informatique Personnelle P.O. Box 34
Wagramerstr.-Lieblgasse SAV. Caleulateurs de Poehe Desterndalen 18
A-1220VIENNA F-91947 Les Ulis Cedex N-1345 OESTERAAS (Osio)
Telephone : (222) 23 6511 Telephone: (1) 907 78 25 Telephone: (2) 17 11 80

SPAIN
BeLGIUM GERMANY HEWLETT-PACKARD ESPANOLA SA
HEWLETT -PACKARD BELGIUM SAiNV HEWLETT-PACKARD GmbH CalieJerez3
Boulevard de la Woluwe 100 Kleinrechner-Service E-MADRID 16
Woluwelaan Vertriebszentrale Telephone: (11458-2600
B-1200 BRUSSELS Berner Strasse 117
Telephone: (2) 7623200 Postfaeh 560 140 SWEDEN
0-6000 FRANKFURT 56 HEWLETT-PACKARD SVERIGE AB
Telephone : (611) 50041 Enighetsvagen 3
DENMARK Box 205 02
HEWLETT -PACKARD AlS S 161 BROMMA20(Stockholm)
Datavej 52 Telephone: (8) 730 05 50
ITALY
DK-3460 BIRKEROD (Copenhagen)
HEWLETT-PACKARD ITALIANA S.P.A . SWITZERLAND
Telephone: (02) 81 6640
Casella postale 3645 (Milano) HEWLETT-PACKARD (SCHWEIZ) AG
Via G. Di Vittorio. 9 Kleinrechner-Serviee
1-20063 CERNUSCO SUL NAVIGUO (Milan) Allmend2
EASTERN EUROPE Telephone: (2) 90 3691 CH-8967 WIDEN
Refer to the address listed under Austria. Telephone: (057) 50111

NETHERLANDS UNITED KINGDOM

FINLAND HEWLETT-PACKARD NEDERLAND B.V. HEWLETT·PACKARD Ltd.
HEWLETT-PACKARD OY Van Heuven Goedhartlaan 121 King Street lane
Revontulentie 7 N-1181 KK AMSTELVEEN (Amsterdam) GB-WINNERSH, WOKINGHAM
SF-02100 ESPOO 10 (Helsinki) P.O. Box 667 BERKSHIRE RG11 5AR
Telephone: (90)455 0211 Telephone: (020)472021 Telephone: (734) 784774

International Service Information

Not all Hewlett-Packard service centers offer service for all models ofHP calculator products. However, if
you bought your product from an authorized Hewlett-Packard dealer, you can be sure that service is
available in the country where you bought it.

If you happen to be outside of the country where you bought your module, you can contact the local
Hewlett-Packard service center to see if service is available for it. If service is unavailable, please ship the
module to the address listed above under Obtaining Repair Service in the United States. A list of service
centers for other countries can be obtained by writing to that address.

All shipping, reimportation arrangements, and customs costs are your responsibility.
 Appendix A: Specifications, Warranty, and Service Information 65

Programming and Applications Assistance

Should you need technical assistance concerning programming, applications, etc., call Hewlett·Packard
Customer Support at (503) 757·2000. This is not a toll·free pumber, and we regret that we cannot accept
collect calls. As an alternative, you may write to:

Hewlett-Packard
~ Corvallis Division
Corvallis Division Customer Support
1000 N.E. Circle Blvd.
Corvallis, OR 97330

A number of our users submit program applications or unique program key sequences to Hewlett-
Packard. However, we can consider using only ideas given freely to us. Since it is the policy of Hewlett-
Packard not to accept suggestions given in confidence, the following statement must be included with
your tlubmittal:

"I am voluntarily submitting this information to Hewlett·Packard Company. The information is not
confidential and Hewlett-Packard may do whatever it wishes with the information without obligation to
me or anyone else."
f

Dealer and Product Information

For dealer locations, prodllct information, and prices, please call (800) 547·3400. In Oregon, Alaska, or
Hawaii, call (503) 758-1010.
 AppendixB

Error Messages

This appendix contains a list of error messages that are related to time module operations. Refer to your
calculator owner's handbook for a list of all standard error messages.

Display Functions Meaning

ALPHA DATA I ADATE I The X-register contains Alpha data.
~
I ATIME24 1
I CORRECT!
IDOw l
~
ISETDATE I
ISETIMEI
ISETSwl
Isw l
IT+xl

I DATE+ I The X- or Y-register contains Alpha data.

IDDAYS!

IXVZALMI The X-, Y', or Z-register contains Alpha data.

DATA ERROR IADATE I Invalid number in the X-register.

~ '

IATIME24 1
I CORRECT I
~
ISETDATE I
ISETIMEI
ISETSW!

IT+xl A number in the X-register is outside the range

-9999.595999 ~ x ~ 9999.595999 or is not an
HHHH.MMSS number within this range.
DATA ERROR X I DDAYS I The X-register contains an invalid or negative date or
contains nonzero trailing digits after the year digits.
IXVZALM I The X-register contains a number greater than or equal to
24 or is not an HH.MMSS value.
DATA ERRORY I DATE+ I The Y-register contains an invalid or negative date, or
IDDAYS I contains a date that has nonzero trailing digits after
IXVZALM I the years digits.
DATAERRORZ I XVZALM I The number in the Z-register is greater than or equal to
10,000 hours or is not an HHHH.MMSS value.

67
68/69 Appendix B: Error Messages

Display Functions Meaning

ERROR = Dnn The number stored in the register indicated by nn or the
number stored in register nn-1 is not a legal split
(HH.MMSS format); or the split stored in register nn is
smaller than the split stored in register nn-l.
ERROR = Rnn The number stofed in register nn contains three or more
digits to the left of the decimal.
NONEXISTENT I ALMNOW 1 The program label called by the alarm does not exist or
the alarm calls a nonprogrammable function or an HP-41
calculator function.
ControlAlarms A control alarm called a nonexistent program or device
function, a nonglobal program label, a calculator
function, or a nonprogrammable device function.
The register indicated by the IRCL Iregister pointer (=R nn)
does not exist, or an attempt was made to store a split in a
nonexistent register.
NOROOM I XVZALM I Insufficient registers are available in calculator memory
to set an alarm. Create more memory registers by
reducing the number of data storage registers ( ISIZE D,
clearing a program from memory, or adding a memory
module and executing ISIZE I. If 253 registers are already in
use for storing alarms, no more alarms can be set until one
or more of the existing alarms are cleared.
OUT OF RANGE I DATE+ I Resulting date would be outside of the range October 15,
1582 through September 10, 4320.
Resulting time would be outside of the calendar range (1-1-
1900 through 12-31-2199).
 AppendixC

Programming Time Module Functions

Useful Routines
The time module is a very powerful addition to the HP-41 system. The applications potential of the
module's time monitoring and time-based control features can be significant for almost every HP-41
calculator user. The program routines ih this section provide some methods to help you to incorporate this
potential into your everyday applications. A more advanced ser~es of time module applications programs
is provided in the HP-41 Users' Library Solutions Book entitled Time Solutions I. For further information,
contact your authorized Hewlett-Packard dealer.

NOTICE
Hewlett-Packard Company makes no express or implied warranty with regard to the program material
offered or the merchantability or the fitness of the program material for any particular purpose. The
program material is made available solely on an "as is" basis, and the entire risk as to its quality and
performance is with the user. Should the program material prove defective, the user (and not Hewlett-
Packard nor any other party) shall bear the entire cost of all necessary correction and all incidental or
consequential damages. Hewlett-Packard Company shall not be l"iable for any incidental or
consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, use, or performance of the
program material.

Using a Program to Set an Alarm

The SETALM program sets a clock alarm using the parameters you enter. When you execute the program
it prompts you for:

1. Alarm time.
2. Alarm message or •• or • with a program label or plut-in device function.
3. Alarm date.
4. Repeat interval.

When you are prompted by TIME 7 key in a time in HH.MMSS format. If you do not enter a time, the

t.
program will terminate.

When you are prompted by MESSAGE 7 enter a message or an or. followed by a program label or a
plug-in device function. If you do not want to enter a message, label, or function, just press I RIS I.

When you are prompted by DATE 7 key in the date parameter. If the current date is the desired 'date, just
press I RIS I.

When you are prompted by RES ET 7 key in a repeat interval in HHHH.MMSS format. If you do not want a
repeat interval, just press I RIS I.

When you execute SETALM, all data previously stored in the stack and the ALPHA register will be lost,
and flag 22 will be cleared. If you execute SETALM when a printer is not plugged into the calculator, flag
21-the Printer Enable flag-must be clear.

71
72 Appendix C: Programming Time Modu le Functions

U.er Instructions
Step Instruction. Input Function Display
1 RunSETALM. IXEOISETALM TIME?
2 Key in alarm time in HH.MMSS format. time IRISI MESSAGE?
3 Key in message (or just press IRIS Iif no message
is desired). me-ssage IRISI DATE?
4 Key in date in MM. DO YYYY or DD.MMYYYY
format, as determined by status of flag 31 (or just
press IRIS Ito specify the current date). date IRlsl RESET?
5 Key in repeat interval in HHHH.MMSS format (or
just press IRIS Ito specify no repeat interval). repeat
interval IRlsl
Program Usting

81tLBL "SETAL""
82 CF 22
83 "TIlE ?"
84 PROttPT Input the time.
85 FC?C 22
86 RTM
87 "DATE ?" Set up further prompts.
88 ASTO T
89 "RESET?"
18 ASTO 'i
11 ""ESSAGE ?"
12 AVIEW
13 ClA
14 AOH
15 STOP Input message.
16 AOFF
17 VIEW T
18 SlOP Input date.
19 FC?C 22
288
21 VIEW Z
22 STOP Input reset interval.
23 FC?C 22
248 -
25 ·)(0 Z
26 XYZAL" Set the alarm.
27 END

Setting an Alarm Relative to the Current Time

The ALMREL program sets an alarm relative to the current time. This is useful when you want to set an
alarm that will activate at a time that is relative to the current time. When you execute the program it
prompts you for:
1. The time offset in HHHH. MMSS format.

2. A message or an t t or t alarm with a program label or plug-device function.

The time offset begins when you press I RIS Iafter the message prompt. The time offset can be as short as 3
seconds or as long as 9999H 59M 598 99hh• If the time offset is not keyed in, is not an HHHH.MMShh
number, or is outside the time range, the alarm will not be set. If you do not want to make an entry in
r~sponse to the MESSAGE ? prompt, press I RIS Iwhen the prompt appears.
 Appendix C: Programming Time M odu le Functions 73

When you execute ALMREL, all data previously stored in the stack and ALPHA registers will be lost, and
flag 22 will be cleared. If you execute ALMREL when a printer is not plugged into the calculator, flag
21-the Printer Enable flag-must be clear.

User Instructions

Step Instructions Input Function Display

1 RunALMREL. IXEQ!ALMREL + HH .MMSS?
2 Key in time offset in HHHH.MMSS format. time offset I RIS! M ESSAGE?
3 Kev in message (or just press I RIS! if no message
desired). message IRls l
-
Program Listing

91tlBl -AL"REl-
82 CF 22
83 -+ HH.""SS ?-
14 PRO"PT Input time offset.
85 FC?C 22
8b RTM
87 X(8?
88 RTN
89 -"ESSAGE ?-
18 AYIEW
It ClA
12 AON
13 STOP Input message.
14 AOFF
15 TI"E Calculate time or date of alarm.
16 H"S+
17 EHTERt
18 EHTERt
19 24
28 /
21 IHT
22 BATE
23 XOY
24 BATE+
25 lASTX
26 24
27 •
28 ST-Z
29 ClX No Reset Interval.
39 S1O" T
31 RDH Sets up stack to set the alarm.
32 XOY
JJ XYZAlfl
34 END
Converting the Date to a String in the ALPHA Register
With a number in the X-register representing a date, the ADOW program

• Places the day of the week in the ALPHA register.

• Replaces the date in the X-register with a number corresponding to the day of the week (0 = Sunday
.. , 6 = Saturday).
74 Append ix C: Programm ing Time Module Functions

ADOW clears the ALPHA register of existing contents. However, ADOW can easily be altered so that the
day of the week is appended to the existing contents of the ALPHA register. The program assumes that
the date is in the X-register; that is, no data input prompt will appear. The date must be a legitimate date
in the range October 15, 1582 through September 10, 4320. ADOW does not affect the contents of the Y-, Z-,
and T-registers.

User Instructions

Step Instructions Input Function Display

1 Key in the date in MM.DDYYYYor DD.MMYYYY
format. as determi ned by status of flag 31. date date number
2 Calculate day of week. IXEOIADOW day numbllr
3 View the ALPHA register (optional). IALPHA I day of WIlIlIe

Program Listing
81tLBl "ADOW"
82 DOW Get number for day of week.
83 CTO IND X Branch to appropriate day.
84tlBl 89
85 "SUN"
86 RTN
87tLBl 91
98 ""ON"
89 RTN
18tLBl 82
II "TUE·
12 RTM
13tLBL 83
14 "WED·
15 RTM
16tLBL 84
17 "THU·
18 RTN
l,tLBl 85
28 "FRI"
21 RTM
22tL8L 86
23 ·SAT·
24 END
Printing a Block of Splits
This program requires the use of either an HP 82143A Printer ,or an HP 82162A Thermal Printer and the
HP 82160A Hp·IL Module.

The SPLITS program prints the contents of a specified block of data storage registers in time format
(HH:MM:SS:hh). The value in each data storage register must be less than 100; otherwise an error
message will result and the program will be terminated.

When you execute the program, it prompts you for:

1. The beginning register number.

2. The ending register number.

~

To default the beginning register to ROQ, press IRIS Iwithout keying in anum ber.
 A ppe ndix C: Prog ram ming Time Module Fu nctions 75

When you execute the SPLITS program, any data previously stored in the stack and ALPHA register will
be lost. The program will also leave the calculator in IFIX 16 display mode and clear flag 29. Flag 21-the
Printer Enable Flag-must be set.

User Instructions

Step Instructions Input Function Display

1 To print spl its: IXEQJSPLITS BEGIN REG?

2 Key in the beginning register number. register
number
(nn) IRISJ END R EG?
3 Key i n ending register nu mber. register
number
(nn) IRISJ

Program Listing

81*LBl "SPLITS·
82 8
83 "SEGIN REG 7" Input beginning and ending register numbers.
94 PROI1PT
85 "END REG 7"
86 PROI1PT
87 RDY
88 XOV
99tLBL 99
18 FIX 8 Output register number.
II CF 29
12 "R"
13188
14 X{='1'7
15 GTO 81
16 SQRT
17 "~ a
18 JOY?
19 "f-8 "
29tlBL 91
21 RDH
22 RRCL X
23 Uf- =.
24 RCL IHD X
25 FIX 6
26 ATI"E24
27 PRA Output register contents in time format.
28 RDH
29 1
38 +
31 X(='!'?
32 GTO 88
33 .END.
76 A ppe ndix C: Prog ram m ing Time M odu le Funct ions

Bar Code For Applications Programs

SETALM

Program Registers Needed: 11

ROW 1 (1: 3)

111111111111111111 1111111 1111111111111111 11111 111111111111111111

ROW 2 (3: 7)

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
ROW 3 (7 : 9)

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

lii~lilli~lliiil 1111111111 11111111111111111111111 11111 111111111111111111

limlililjl16111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
ROW 6 (23 : 27)

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

ALMREL

Program Registers Needed: 11

~rl]Illiill1111111111111 111111111 111111111111111111111111111 11111 1111111111111111 11111

liml!I!1111111111111111 1111111111111111111 111111 11111 1111111111111111111

lii~1IIIIIilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
r
ROW
4 (9 , "l 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111 11111111111

111111 111111 111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111

M~lilii~llmllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
 Append ix C: Programm ing Ti m e Module Fu nct ions 77

ADOW
Program Registers Needed: 8

ROW 1 (1: 4)

111111111111111111 11111 1111 111111 111111111 11111 11111111111111111111111111111 11111111111

ROW 2 (5 : 11)

111111111111 111111 111111 1111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111 1111111 11111111111 111111111111

ROW 3 (11 : 17)

11111 1111111111111111111111 11111111111111111 11111 111111 1111111111111

ROW 4 (17 : .

1111111111111 11111111111111111111111 1111111111 11111 11111 11111111111111

ROW 5 (23 : 24)

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

SPLITS

Program Registers Needed: 12

ROW 1 (1 : 3)

111111 11111111111111111 11111111

11111 111111 11111

ROW 3 (5: 10)

1111111111111111 11111 11111 1111111 111111

ROW 4 10: 17)

1111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111 1111111 1111111111

: 23)

11111111 11111 1111111

1111111111111111111 11111111111 11111111111 11111111111111

1111111111111111111 1111111 II
78/79 Appendix C: Progra mming Time Module Funct ions

Programmable Functions
All time module functions are programmable except:

• . I ONI .

• The functions that are automatically assigned to the keyboard when you execute I sw i.
• The functions that are automatically assigned to the keyboard when you halt the calculator in
Alarm Catalog mode.

The time module's programmable functions can be entered in a program whenever the module is plugged
into the calculator. While the module is··plugged in, program lines containing time module functions are
displayed and printed using the normal function names.

If the module is disconnected later, these program lines are displayed and printed as XROM functions-
with two identification numbers. This indicates that the function belongs to a plug-in accessory. The first
number identifies the accessory. (XROM accessory number 26 corresponds to the time module.) The
second number identifies the function for that accessory. When the time module is removed, the time
module functions have the following XROM numbers.

XROM XROM
Function Function
Number Number
I ADATE I 26,01 I DOwl 26,16
I ALM CAT I 26,02 I MDVI 26,17
IALMNOw l 26,03 I RCLAF I 26,18
I ATIME I 26,04. I RCLSw l 26,19
[ ATIME24 1 26,05 [ RUNSwl 26,20
[CLK12[ 26,06 [ SETAF I 26,21
[ CLK24 1 26,07 ISETDATE I 26,22
[ CLKT I 26,08 I SETIMEI 26,23
[CLKTD I 26,09 I SETSW [ 26,24
I CLOCK I 26 ,10 I STOps wl 26,25
I CORRECT I 26,11 I swl 26,26
I DATE I 26,12 IT+x l 26,27
I DATE+ I 26,13 [TIMEI 26,28
[ DDAVS I 26,14 I XVZALM I 26,29
[ DMV I 26,15 .IONI Not Programmable

If a time module function is entered, using IXEO I, into a program line while the time module is not
connected, the function is recorded, displayed,' and printed as XEQ T followed by the function name.
Program execution is slowed by lines of this form because the calculator will search for a matching
ALPHA label or function name-first in program memory, then in each module plugged in.
 Appendix 0

More About Past-Due Alarms

When an alarm becomes past·due for one of the reasons described under How Past·Due Alarms Are
Created, page 52, it is maintained in memory until it is activated or until you delete it using.(£] in Alarm
Catalog mode. This operation helps to remind you of an alarm that has not been allowed to serve its
in tended purpose. If you allow several past· due alarms to accumulate in memory, sequences of automatic
(and possibly unexpected) past·due alarm activations may occur. (If any unactivated past·due alarms are
in memory, the order in which past-due alarms activate may become complex.) If you plan to use past·due
alarms in your applications, the information in this app.endix will be helpful.

If past·due alarms are present (refer to Past-Due Alarms, page 52), they will automatically begin to
activate whenever you turn offthe calculator or display the clock. This operation is intended to remind
you that one or more past·due alarms exist. If an alarm comes due while any unactivated past· due alarms
exist (refer to U nactivated Past· Due alarms, page 52), all of the unactivated past due alarms will activate
ahead of the alarm that came due. This appendix describes the rules governing the activation sequences
in these two cases.

Conditions That Cause Execution of Past-Due Alarms

Off /Clock Condition

Turning off the calculator or displaying the clock initiates the Off/Clock condition. If any past·due alarms
exist when this condition occurs, the calculator attempts to activate all of them, beginning with the earliest
alarm. (If any past·due control alarm is encountered, the calculator turns off momentarily-which aborts
the Off/ Clock condition-then turns back on in the Alarm condition described under the next heading..The
control alarm is then executed in the Alarm condition.) In the Off/ Clock condition you can expect the
following calculator/ alarm operation:

• As long as no past·due control alarms are encountered, any past·due tone or message alarms will
activate in chronological order, beginning with the earliest alarm time. Each alarm will finish its
activation cycle before the next alarm activates. Such alarms will not interrupt each other.
• If the ION I key is pressed while a past·due tone or message alarm is activating, the alarm halts
without being acknowledged and the calculator turns off or displays the clock (as described under
Halting Past-Due Alarm Activation, page 54).
• If not control alarms are past· due, and ION Iis not pressed during activation, the calculator turns off
or displays the clock after activating all the past·due alarms.

Alarm Condition
The Alarm condition is initiated when:

• A future alarm comes due.

• A past·due control alarm from the Off/Clock condition starts a program or executes a function.
82 Appendix D: More About Past-Due Alarms

In the Alarm condition the calculator activates only the unactivated past-due alarms in memory
(beginning with the earliest alarm and proceding in chronological order of the alarm times). Previously
activated past-due alarms are ignored and remain in memory. When a future alarm comes due while there
are unactivated past-due alarms, the calculator switches to the Alarm condition and the future alarm also
becomes an unactivated past-due alarm. (It will be activated in its turn, after all ofthe earlier unactivated
past-due alarms are activated by the calculator.)

Past- Due Alarm Responses in the Alarm Condition

Listed below are terms used in the rest of this appendix to describe modes of the calculator that affect
alarm response.

• Off: The calculator is turned off.

• Clock: The clock is displayed.
• Key board: The calculator is turned on but is not displaying the clock or running a program.
• Running: A program is running.

When the Alarm condition occurs, the calculator's response to the various unactivated pasi-due alarms is
determined by the current mode of the calcualtor and by the alarm type. The following table summarizes
the calculator's response when an alarm comes due in each of the modes described above.

Alarm Calculator Mode

Type
Off Clock Keyboard Running
Noninter- Run Run Tone series and Sounds two tones
rupting program . program. flashing display. and become an
Control activated past-
(t) due alarm.
Inter- Run program as a
rupting Run program. subroutine of
Control current program.
(tt)

Tone or Tone series and

Message flashing display.

Mode Changes
The program or function specified by an activating control alarm can change the calculator operating
mode:

• If any control alarm starts a program, the calculator immediately switches to Running mode. (The
mode change occurs before the first program instruction is executed.)
• A function executed by a control alarm can also change the mode. For example, if the clock is
displayed when an alarm that executes the printer function IPRX I(print X) activates, the calculator
will change from Clock mode to Key board mode. Similarly, if the calculator is executing a program
when an alarm that executes the ICLOCK I function activates, the calculator will change from
Running mode to Clock mode.
 Appendix 0 : More Abo ut Past-Due Ala rms 83

Interruption of a Past-Due Alarm by Another Past-Due Alarm

• A program started by any past·due control alarm will be temporarily suspended by any subsequent
unactivated past-due alarms before the first program instruction is executed.
• An activating tone alarm, message alarm, or control alarm that executes a device function will
complete its cycle or function before subsequent unactivated past-due alarms can activate.

Alarms and Subroutine Levels

Any program alarm which interrupts a previous program alarm will operate as a subroutine. If there are
several unactivated, past-due. interrupting control alarms that execute programs (which is unlikely in
most applications"'), then several subroutine levels will be used.

Acknowledging Past-Due Alarms

When the calculator is in the Alarm condition, and an alarm is sounding a tone series and flashing the
display, the ION I key operates just like the (B key. The I STO I, (B, and other keys operate as described
under Alarms That Require Acknowledgement, page 50.

Example of a Past- Due Alarm Sequence

Suppose that the calculator is turned off, the current time is 9:59 a.m., and the following four alarms are
set:

ALPHA
Time Status
Register
MESSAGE1 4:00a.m. Activated Past·Due
" ABC 5:00a.m . Unactivated Past-Due
.... XYZ 6:00 a.m. Unactivated Past-Due
MESSAGE2 10:00 a.m. Set to a Future Time

Note: The situation given in this example is unlikely (since unactivated past-due alarms do not occur in
most applications.) However, this mix of alarms helps to illustrate additional aspects of alarm response.

Because there are unactivated past·due alarms, when the current time reaches 10:00 a.m. the MESSAGE2
alarm causes the Alarm condition to occur. This results in the following sequence:

1. Alarm" ABC (the oldest un activated past-due alarm) turns on the calculator and starts program
ABC. (This is the first alarm to activate. The earlier MESSAGEl alarm is a previously activated
past-due alarm and therefore will not be activated.)
2. Alarm .... XYZ immediately suspends program ABC and starts program XYZ as a subroutine of
ABC.
3. Alarm MESSAGE2 (which is now an unactivated past·due alarm) immediately suspends program
XYZ, begins flashing MESSAGE2 in the display, and, if not acknowledged from the keyboard,
begins sounding a series of tones.

*Any past-due interrupting control alarm will be an unactiuated past-due alarm. The only ways that an interrupting control alarm can
become past-due is for you either to have originally set the alarm to a past time or to have bypassed a future interrupting control alarm
with a ti~&-change function (ISETIME I, 1 SETDATE I, C!!Kl or 1 CORR ECT I).
84/ 85 App endix D: More About Past -Due A la rms

4. After alarm MESSAGE2 is acknowledged (or finishes its cycle), program XYZ executes. Control then
returns to program ABC (assuming that program XYZ did not turn off the calculator or use too many
subroutine levels).
5. Program ABC executes.

If program XYZ turns off the calculator (by executing an I OFF Ifunction), program ABC will not be resumed.
Since alarm +ABC has already activated, it no longer exists in memory.

If alarm XYZ had been a noninterrupting control alarm it would have sounded a pair oftones and become
an activated past-due alarm (since alarm + ABC would have switched the calculator to Running mode).
Refer to the Calculator Mode table and Mode Changes, both on page 82. As a general guideline, whenever
a past-due control alarm activates and starts a program, any subsequent past-due noninterrupting
control alarm(s) will activate only by sounding the pair of tones and becoming activated past due
alarm(s).

If the calculator had been in Keyboard mode rather than Off, alarm + ABC would have activated like a
message alarm, displaying "+ABC." Program XYZ would then have started (but not as a subroutine),
been interrupted by alarm MESSAGE2, and finally executed.
 Subject Index
Page numbers in bold type indicate primary references; page numbers in regular type indicate secondary
references.
A B
Accuracy, 62 Barcode, 76-77
Accuracy Factor, 57-59 Battery Power Consumption, 11,29, 61
Automatically Adjusting, 57
Formula For, 59 c
Factor, Reliability, 58 Calendar, Gregorian, 23
Acknowledging Alarms, 42, 49, 51 Catalog, Alarm, 42, 43-45
Activated Past· Due Alarms, 49, 52, 54,82, 83,84 Clock
Activation Cycles, 51 Display Functions, 16-17
Adjusting the Current Time, 17 Precision, 62
ADOW, 73-74 Specifying Contents, 16
Alarm Activation Delay, 51 Control Alarms, 40, 46-49, 52,81-84
Alarm Catalog, 42,43-45 Current Time
Alarm Catalog Mode, Exiting, 43, 44 Adjusting, 17
Alarm Condition, 81-82 Recalling, 18
Alarms
Acknowledging, 42, 50-51, 53 D
Activated Past·Due, 49, 52, 54, 82, 83, 84 Date
Activating Later on the Current Date, 41 Appending to the ALPHA Register, 20
Memory Space, 54 Arithmetic, 23
Basic Operation, 39 Formatting, 13
Bypassed, 18 On Program Listings, 20
Clock, 39 Recalling, 18
Control, 40, 46-49, 52, 81-84 Setting, 14
Date, 39, 42, 44 Dates
Deleting, 42, 44 Days Between, 24
Function Name, 46-47,48, 50 Valid, 23
Interrupting Control, 40, 46-48, 83 Day.Month·Year Setting, 13
Labels, 46, 47, 50 Day of the Week, 24
Memory Use, 54 Days Between Dates, 24
Message, 40, 45,48, 49,50,54,81-84 Dealer and Product Information, 65
Multiple Activation, 51 Default Date, Automatic, 14
Noninterrupting Control, 40, 48-49,50, 82 Deleting an Alarm, 44, 50, 52
Nonrepeating, 42 Past-Due, 52
IOFFi, 48, 50 Repeat, 44
Parameters, 39-40, 41 Delta Splits, 33
Past-Due, 40, 42, 51,52-54,81-84 Display
Repeat Interval, 39, 41, 43, 44, 50 Contents, Clock, 16
Reset, 44 Formats,8
Setting, 39, 41-43 Formats, Time and Date Input, 9
Simultaneous, 51 Displaying the Clock, 16
Single Timer, 39 Displaying Split Differences, 30
Subroutine, 47, 53, 83 Drift, 57, 59
Time,37,44
Time and Date Changes When Set, 18 E
Time Parameters, 37
Timer, 39, 54-55 Entering Stopwatch Mode, 29
Type Parameters, 40 Error Messages, 67-68
Tone, 40, 41 , 42, 45, 50, 81-84 Exiting Stopwatch Mode, 29
Tone, Setting, 41 Extended Storage Registers, Stopwatch Access, 35
Type, 40, 82
Using Global Labels, 46 F
ALMREL,72-73 Flags, 42, 48, 50,53
ALPHA Register Formatting
Appending the Time and Date to, 19-20 Date, 13
Setting Alarms That Use Information in, 45-50 Time Display, 13
Applications Assistance, 65 Function Name, 46-47,50
Assistance, Programming and Applications, 65
Automatic Default Date, 14 G
Average Accumulated Error, 59 Global Labels, 46

87
88 Subject Index

I Redefined Keyboard
Installing the Module, 7 Alarm Catalog, 44
Internal Timing Device, 27 Stopwatch. 28-35
Interrupting Control Alarms, 46-48,50, 51,82, 83 Register Pointers, 28,30,31,35
Resetting, 35
K Suppressing, 35
Key Assignments Three Digit, 35
Alarm Catalog, 44 Removing the Module. 7
Stopwatch, 27 Repeating Alarm
Keyboard Overlay, Stopwatch, 27 Deleting, 44
Keyboard, Redefined, 27,44 Past-Due, 54
Keys Printed in Blue, 8 Repeat Interval, 41
Keystroke Precision, 58 Rounded Digits, 19
s
L Service, 64
Labels, 46,47, 50 SETALM,71-72
Local Labels, 46 Setting Alarms, 41
LOOP, 47 Setting the Date, 14
Low Power, Effects of, 61 Setting the Time, 15
Setting the Stopwatch, 36
M Specifying Clock Display Contents, 16
Single Timer Alarm, 39
Master Clear, Effects of, 61 Specifications, 61
Memory Space, Alarms and, 54 Split Differences, 28, 33-34
Message Alarms, 45, 50 Negative, 34
Messages, Error, 67-68 Printing, 36
Mode Changes. 82 SPLITS, 74-75
Month-Day-Year Setting. 13 Splits
Delta, 33-34
N Printing, 36, 74-75
N oninterrupting Control Alarms, 48-49, 50, 82 Recalling, 30-31, 32, 33, 34
Negative Time Setting, Stopwatch, 54-55 Recording, 28
Reviewing, 28
o Storing, 30-31, 33
Stack Drop, 23-24
I OFF 1.48, 50 Stack Lift, 18, 19, 58
Off/Clock Condition, 81 Stopwatch
.[Qffi, 9-10,15,16-17, 18,78, inside back cover
Access ofR,-lOO) through ~318)' 35
Functions, Programmable, 36
p Input/Output Formats, 36
Past-Due Alarms, 52.53,54. 81-84 Key Assignments, 27
Acknowledging, 83 Keyboard Overlay, 27
Activated, 49, 52, 82, 84 Mode, 28, 54
Activating. 52-53,81-84 Mode, Exiting, 29, 31,32
Control Alarms, 52-53, 81-84 Mode. Using the Stopwatch When Not in, 36
Creating, 52 Clearing, 30. 36-37
Deleting, 52 Halting, 30, 36-37
Halting, 54 N egati ve Starting Time, 36
Repeating Alarms, 54 Precision, 62
Unactivated, 52. 81-84 Recalling, 37
Pointers, Register, 30 Register Pointers, 29-35
Port, Calculator, 7 Setting, 36
Power Starting, 30, 36-37
Consumption, 11, 61 Timer Alarm, 34-35
Interruption, Effects of, 61 Using When Not in Stopwatch Mode, 36
Low, Effects of, 61 Storage Register Pointers, 30, 34
Source, 7 Storing Splits, 27. 29, 31, 33-34
Precision, Clock and Stopwatch, 62 Subroutine, 47
Printer,' 43 Switching the Register Pointer, 35
Printing Split Data, 36
Programmable Functions, 78 T
Programmable Stopwatch Functions, 36
Programming Assistance. 65 Terminology, 8
Programming Time Module Functions, 71 Terminating an Alarm. 42
TEST,47
Time
R Appending to the ALPHA Register. 19
Recall Register Pointer, 30 Base, 59
Recalling Correcting, 15, 17
Current Stopwatch Time. 37 Display Convention, Variable, 8
Date, 18 Display Format, 8. 9, 13, 18-20
Splits, 30-31 Input Format, 9
Time, 18 Inputs, A.M. and P.M., 9, 10,20
 Subj ect Index 89

On Program Listings, 20 u
Outputs, 13 Unacknowledged Timer Alarm, 54
Parameters, Alarm, 39 Unactivated Past-Due Alarm, 52, 81-84
Setting, 15
Timekeeping Devices, 10 v
Timer Alarm Variable Time Display Convention, 8
Single, 39
Stopwatch, 36, 39, 54-55 w
Tone Alarm, 50-51
Past-Due, 53 Warranty, 62-63
Trailing Zeros, 13 Week, Day of, 24, 73-74
Truncated Digits, 19
Twelve Hour Time Format, 14 Z
Twenty-Four Hour Time Format, 14 Zeros, Leading and Trailing, 13
Type Parameters, Alarm, 40
 FliOW HEWLETT
~~ PACKARD

Corvallis Division
1000 N .E. Circle Blvd .• Corvallis. OR 97330. U.S.A .

82182-90001 Pri nted in U.S.A.