THE INTERNET

16-May-23 MR. MDUMA 1

 THE INTERNET
The word “internet comes from the phrase”
international network of computers. That is “the
network of networks”

INTERNET
Is a collection of computers that are networked
together world wide in order to communicate each
other.

Internet service provider (ISP)

These are the companies which provide service in
terms of internet
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 A protocol
A set of rules that governs communications process
between computers on a network

Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/

IP)
Is a protocol by which data is sent from one computer
to another on the internet. Each computer on the
internet has one IP address that uniquely identifies it
from all other computers on the Internet

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 TCP/IP USES SEVERAL PROTOCOL SUCH AS:-

i. Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

Is the set of rules for transferring files on the world wide web. i.e.
text, images, sound, video, etc

ii. Short mail transfer protocol (SMTP)

For sending electronic mail messages

iii. Usenet news (UNTP)

For having electronic group discussions

iv. File transfer protocol (FTP)

For transferring files between computers

v. Telnet
For running programs on remote computers

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 World wide web (www)
Is a way of exchanging information between computers
on the internet using hypertext transfer protocols

URL (Uniform resource locator)

Is the unique address used to identify any resource
connected to the web

FORMAT OF URL
http://www.udom.ac.tz/cive/students.html
1 2 3 4

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 1. PROTOCOL
Specifies how information from the link is transferred. i.e.
( http )

2. Domain Name/Host name

Is the address of the computer on which the resource is
located. i.e. (www.udom.ac.tz)

3. Path Name
Is used to identify the resources requested by the client
from server. i.e. (cive)

4. File Name
Is the identity of your resource you request in server. i.e.
(student.html)

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 HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML)
Is a language used to create web pages

Downloading
Refers to the process of copying files from the internet
into your computer

Uploading
Refers to the process of copying files from your
computer to the internet

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 Webpage
Each page available on the website is called a webpage

Website
Is a collection of various pages written in HTML language

Homepage
A first page of any website is called homepage

Web browsers
Are software installed in the computer in order to have the
ability to navigate at the different webpage on the internet. i.
e. Google chrome, Mozilla Firefox, etc

The purpose of web browser

Is to read html documents and compose them into visible
webpages.

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 TYPES OF BROWSER
1. Internet Explorer (IE)
- Most commonly used browser
- Comes with Ms OS

2. Mozilla Firefox
-Second most popular after IE
-Represented by a word map

3. Safari
-A browser from apple
-Represented by compass bearing

4. Google chrome
-It developed by Google
-Released in 2008

5. Opera
-Enabled mobile phones, pads, smart phone, etc
-Represented by O

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 DOMAIN NAME
Is the unique name which used to identify your website
on the internet i.e.
i. www.amazon.com -> Commercial organization
ii. www.secondary.edu -> Educational organization
iii. www.tanzania.gov -> Government institutions
iv. www.jkt.mil -> Military groups
v. www.tyonemedia.net -> Major network support
centers
vi. www.udom.org -> Organization other than above
vii. www.unicef.int -> International organizations

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 INTERNET HISTORY
For the majority of current Internet Users, The
Internet was not around until the mid 1990s. This
was when the www made the internet accessible to
the masses but before that time, internet was a key
important of National Defense of the United States.

In the 1960s the Advanced Research Project Agency

(ARPA) and the Department Of Defense (DOD)
needed a way to exchange information.

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 Its offices were not close together and the DOD was
concerned that a single attack could destroy a main
computer center

The idea was that a network of computers could

share data at several locations

By having several lines of communication, a single

attack could not knock out the entire network

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 This network of computers became known as ARPANET and
connected for both defense contractors and research
universities

In 1969, 3 nodes uses internet in California

Three years later, 29 others joined

By 1977 number increased by 100

By 1983 number increased by 1000

In 1990 number increased by 100,000. For now number is over

400M users world wide

According to TCRA no. of internet user in Tanzania by June 2010

were 4.8M users
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 SEARCH ENGINES
Are programs which are used to search piece of
information on the internet. i.e. www.google.com, www.
youtube.com, etc

Web search engine

Is a tool designed to search for information on the world
wide web. The search result are usually presented in a list
called hits

How search engines work

A search engine works by sending out a (spider or crawler)
sorts through the internet to find website addresses.

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 THE 4 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF A SEARCH ENGINE

Crawling (Locating information)

This is achieved through the use of software known
as crawlers or web spiders

Indexing (sorting information)

Once the crawler obtained the content from the
internet, it sorts that content based on the
occurrence of keyword

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 Storage
Web content is stored within the database of the
search engine.

Ranking (result)
Results are the hyperlinks to websites that display in
the search engine page when a certain keyword is
queried

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 TYPES OF SEARCH ENGINES
1. Google
Is always a safe bet for most search queries

2. Yahoo
Is also a great choice and find a lot of stuff that Google
does not necessarily

3. Bing
Is a web search engine from Microsoft

4. Youtube
Is a web search engine for multimedia things

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 INTERNET APPLICATION

ELECTRONIC MAIL (E-MAIL)

Is the modern communication of sending and receiving mail from one
computer to another on the internet.

TWO TYPES OF E-MAIL

1. Organizational e-mail addresses

i. [email protected]
ii. [email protected]

2. Web based e-mail addresses

i. Yahoo  [email protected]
ii. Gmail  [email protected]
iii. Hotmail  [email protected]

What you need in order to access e-mail

i. A computer with internet
ii. An email account with service provider (i.e. yahoo, gmail, etc)

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 INSIDE THE MAIL
TO :
Enter the e-mail address i.e. [email protected] (for multiple
recipients, separate each address with a comma)

CC: Carbon Copy

(Is a type of e-mail, in which the people who will send to, will not
be able to see the other people where the e-mail has gone)

BCC: Blind Carbon Copy

All people will be able to see the copies of all email send to your
peers

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 SUBJECT:
The topic of your e-mail (very important)

BODY:
The message of your e-mail

ATTACHMENTS
The paper clip symbol, files or photos

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 ADVANTAGES OF USING AN E-MAIL
i. Easy to use
ii. Easy to reference
iii. Cheap service
iv. Advertising tool
v. Data storage
vi. Provision of attachments
vii. Reliable and secure
viii. Info at your fingertips
ix. High speed
x. Universal access
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 DISADVANTAGES
i. Viruses
ii. Hacking
iii. Spam
iv. Internet access is required
v. Sucks up your time
vi. Information overload
vii. Misinterpretation
viii. Lengthy mails
ix. Lacking of personal touch
x. Pressure to reply

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 COMPARISON OF E-MAIL AND OTHER
COMMUNICATION MEDIA

i. It is cheap
ii. It has attachments
iii. It has high Speed and accessibility
iv. It is easy to setup an account
v. Video conferencing & instant messages

16-May-23 MR. MDUMA 23

 ELECTRONIC LEARNING (E-LEARNING)
Also has other word relate with it which are
i. Distance education
ii. Online learning
iii. Virtual education

- Are used interchangeably, is a learning where by a

learner and instructor are separated by time or space

E -learning
Refers to all form of learning at a distance where
technology is used to connect teachers and students.

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 E-learning requires at least two computers
One at the institution that offers the courses and another
on the receiving ends to access the content

The content of e-learning delivered via

i. Internet
ii. Intranet/extranet
iii. Audio/video tap
iv. Satellite TV
v. CD-ROR

Online learning
Means using specifically the internet and the web to learn

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 BASIC TECHNOLOGIES USED IN E-LEARNING
1. Synchronous
2. Asynchronous

SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION MEDIA

The communicating parties needs to be connected at
the same time via internet (online)
i.e.

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 i. Online chat
The participants meet at the same time by chat-clients
software on a chat server

ii. Desktop audio/video conferencing systems

It uses a computer with a camera, microphone & related
software for communication

iii. Application sharing

Refers to the participants of conference doing
cooperative work with various applications

iv. Telephone conferencing

Land line telephone connections support conferences
with a number of partners for quick discussions

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 ASYNCHRONOUS
COMMUNICATION MEDIA
The communicating parties do not act at the same time.
i.e.

1.E-mail
Is a method of exchanging digital messages from one
author to another at anytime

2.Discussion forum
The participants discuss by publishing a post on a web
interface

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 3.Blogs
Is a personal website that contains content organized
like a journal or a diary

4.Wikis
It enable anyone to create content online using easily
understandable tools

5.Social networking sites

Face book and twitter can also play important roles

6.Bulletin board
Similar to discussion forums, but their main task is less
discussing topics but rather the rapid spreading of
news to the public

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 ADVANTAGES / BENEFITS OF E-LEARNING
i. Learning is 24/7, anywhere
ii. It is cost effective and saves time
iii. Easier to monitor courses progress
iv. Eliminate disparities between rich and poor
v. Help to download notes and other education
material to the internet

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 DISADVANTAGES OF E-LEARNING
i. Students feel isolated from the instructor
ii. Expensive to access computer as well as the
internet
iii. Require computer skills with programs like
software installation, e-mail
iv. Managing computers and online learning software
v. E-learning also need to have good writing and
communication skills

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 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (E-COMMERCE)
Is the process of selling and buying goods and services on the
internet.

KEY DRIVERS OF E-COMMERCE

Technological factors
The degree of advancement of the telecommunications
infrastructure

Political factors
Number of government incentives to support the use of technology

Social factors
Skills of workforce. Number of users online

Economic factors
Including the general wealth and commercial health of the nation
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 IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE

Marketing
Issues of online advertising, marketing strategies, etc

Finance and accounting

Online banking, transaction costs, accounting and
auditing

Production and operations management

It reduces time, hence takes second to deliver product
and service electronically

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 APPLICATION OF E-COMMERCE
i. Online marketing
ii. Online advertising
iii. Online sales
iv. Online billing
v. Online payments

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 BENEFITS OF E-COMMERCE
i. Home shopping
ii. Advertising product online
iii.Selling and buying product online
iv. The opportunity to reach millions of people
v. Organizing commercial meeting. i.e. video
conferencing
vi. Sending and receiving money from bank or Mobile
companies. i.e. M-Pesa, Airtel Money, etc

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 POSITIVE IMPACT OF INTERNET IN SOCIETY
1. Education purpose i.e. It help to download books,
E-learning, searching news, etc
2. Business purpose i.e. It help in buying and selling
goods and services on the internet.
3. Entertainment i.e. It help to play games, watching
movies, listen music, etc
4. Communication i.e. the use of social media such as
Facebook, Twitter, etc faster communication process
5. Advertisement . i.e. Internet make easy to advertise
product and service online .
6. Storing of information i.e. use of E-mail, CD, DVD,
Flash disk, etc to store data for future use .
7. Security purpose i.e. use of password, encryption of
data, burglar alarm ,etc for security of data
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 NEGATIVE IMPACT OF INTERNET IN SOCIETY
i. Viruses
ii. Hacking
iii. Addiction
iv. leads to unemployment
v. It can cause anti-social behavior
vi. It is expensive to run
vii. It result to Loss of privacy
viii. Reduce physical activities

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 QUESTIONS
i. Internet refers as the connection of computer
around the world? ……….… TRUE
ii. Internet was not around until the mid 1990s.? ……….
… FALSE
iii. The first network of computers was known as
ARPANET? ……….…TRUE
iv. Search engine is a software program that searches
for sites (websites) based on the worlds that you
designate as search terms..………..TRUE
v. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to specify
the network topologies……….….TRUE
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 i. Web browser are software applications installed in
the computer in order to have the ability to access
internet? ……….…..FALSE
ii. In email CC: means carbon copy which enable to
send email to more than one recipient. …….TRUE
iii. In email BCC: means Black carbon copy which
hides the other recipient of CC-carbon copy?. …….
FALSE
iv. E –commerce refers to the purchase and sale of
goods and services via electronic channels, such
as Internet. ………...TRUE
v. When you reply to a message, you need to enter
the text in the subject field. ………. FALSE

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 i. Hacking is the act of breaking into computer
security. ………….…TRUE
ii. Below is an example of a domain name in a
browser. (https://www.google.co.tz) …..…TRUE
iii. Web based e-mail accounts do not required
passwords. …………....FALSE
iv. You can delete e-mail from a web based e-mail
account… …………….. TRUE
v. You can not send a file from a web based e-mail
account. . …………..….FALSE

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 i. Your password should be something others will be
able to figure out, such as your birthday or wedding
anniversary.………….FALSE
ii. Your e-mail address must be unique..…..FALSE
iii. You can not format text in an e-mail message.....
FALSE
iv. You must include a subject in any mail message you
compose. ……………… TRUE
v. E-learning typically means using electronic
technologies such as CD-ROM and DVD to deliver
part or all of a course whether its in a school, part of
your mandatory business training or a full distance
learning course… ……………… FALSE
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 FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. E-Commerce is the …………………………………………

2. E – learning is the …………………………………………..
3. E –mail is the ………………………………………………….
4. What do you need in order to access e-mail?
a. ………………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………….. …………………………………………
c. ………………………….. …………………………………………

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 5. Define the following terms
a. http
b. domain name
c. browser
d. internet
e. search engine

6. Mention and explain the function of the following part

of compose in e-mail account
i. TO: ………………………………………………………………..
ii. CC: …………………………………………………………………
iii. BCC: ……………………………………………………………….
iv. SUBJECT: ……………………………………………………….

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 MULTIPLE CHOICE QZ
1. Which of the following is not an e-mail provider?
A. Hotmail
B. Gmail [D]
C. Yahoo
D. Bing

2. Which of the following is a search engine?

A. Google
B. Hotmail [ A]
C. Protocols
D. Gmail

3. Which of the following is an e-mail address?

A. www.udom.ac.tz
B. www.google.co.tz [D]
C. www.tanzania.ac.tz
D. [email protected]

4. Internet can be accessed through the following media except

A. Fiber-optic cable
B. Telephone line [D]
C. Satellite
D. Google

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 5. Which is not the main function of a search engines?
A. To locate (crawl)
B. To sort (index) [D]
C. To store
D. Check spam

6. E –commerce involves the following activities except

A. Online marketing
B. Online sales [D]
C. Online payments
D. E-mail services

7. E-learning involves the following activities except

A. Online learning
B. Distance learning [D]
C. Learn management system
D. Library learning

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 8. What is internet?
A. A single network
B. A vast collection of different networks [ B ]
C. Interconnection of local area network
D. None of above
9. ……………connects web pages
A. Connector
B. Link [C]
C. Hyperlink
D. None of above

10. A……………. Is a symbolic name a network administrator

assigns to a machine?
A. URL
B. DNS [C]
C. IP address
D. Host name

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 11. What actions can you take using web based e-mail?
A. Reply messages
B. Receive messages [D]
C. Keep track of contacts
D. All of the above

12. What do you need to do before you delete a message from your inbox?
A. Erase the message
B. Select the message [B]
C. Drag the message off the screen
D. Backspace the message

13. The reply to all button does the following

A. Sends the message back to the sender [B]
B. Includes all addresses in the message form
C. Absolutely nothing
D. Tells the sender the message has been received

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 EASY TYPE QZ
1. Explain the history of internet
2. Explain the negative and positive impact of internet in
our society
3. Explain the pros/advantage and cons/disadvantage of E-mail
4. Write the short notes about E-learning
5. Write short notes on E-commerce
6. Write the step to be follow in order to create a new e-
mail account
7. Compare e-mail and other communication media
8. Explain three common types of search engines
9. Briefly discuss the advantages of E-learning
10. List the application of E-commerce

THE END
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