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Xuân Luật Đặng
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LINE GRAPH, BAR CHARTS, PIE CHARTS AND MULTIPLE CHARTS


A. Alternative structures
verb + adverb Sales increased substantially in 2016.
There be + (a/an) adj + N ……
adjective + noun E.g.: There was a substantial increase in sales in 2016.
witness/saw/experience/show (a/an) adj + N …..
E.g.: 2016 saw a substantial increase in sales.
B. Describe predictions
- noun + is predicted / expected / estimated / projected + to + infinitive
The number of tourists is predicted to rise.
The average age is expected to go down.
- It is predicted / expected / estimated / projected that + clause
It is expected that the average age will decrease.

I. Re-write the following sentences so the second sentence


has the same meaning as the first.
1. The price of oil rose sharply.
 There
2. The unemployment rate rose rapidly.

3. The cost of living has fallen dramatically. [increase]

4. There was a 31 per cent rise in spending.
 Spending ………………………………………………………… 31 per
cent.
5. DVD sales dropped 14 per cent.
 There ………………………………………………………….. in DVD sales.
6. There was a 60 per cent fall in prices.
 Prices ……………………………………………………………. 60 per cent.
7. The temperature increased by 15 degrees.
 There ………………………………………..………….………….
……………
8. There was no decline in sales revenue.
 The sales revenue …………………………………….……….……….……..
9. The population grew by 20 per cent.
 There was population ………………………………………. of 20 per cent.
10. There is a noticeable increase in temperature
from May onwards.
 Temperature
11. The number of people attending the theatre has fallen
dramatically.
 There
12. There had been a steady rise in DVD sales for the first six months of the
year.
 DVD sales
13. There has been a rapid growth in the use of alternative energy sources.
 The use of alternative energy sources
14. The popularity of self catering holidays decreased significantly during the
1990s.
 There
15. There was a sharp rise in fast food consumption.
 Fast food consumption
16. There was a steep increase in sales of convenience food.
 Sales
17. There was a dramatic decrease in the use of dietary
supplements.
 The use of dietary supplements
18. There was a modest dip in levels of obesity.
 Levels of obesity
19. There was a slight fall in the production of genetically modified
food.

20. There was a significant drop in levels of levels of malnutrition.

21. There was moderate fluctuation in the availability of seasonal produce.

22. The number of researchers in Mexico rose dramatically to a high of 242.

23. In Turkey numbers increased steadily from 47 in 2003 to over double that
in 2007.

24. There was a slight fall in Poland's numbers to 226 in 2007.

25. From 2005 to 2006 we can see a steep drop in Mexican numbers to 179.

26. Finally they rose very marginally, ending at a total of 183.

27. It is predicted there will be a marked increase in price by 2030.
 The price
28. There were dramatic fluctuations in the number of people who took
holidays from 2010 to 2015.
 The number of people who took holidays
__________________________.
29. The price of theatre tickets reached a peak in 2014.
 There
____________________________________________________.
30. The numbers of people visiting foreign countries varied gently.
 There
31. The numbers of city dwellers are predicted to rise further and it is
projected that they will reach just under 5 billion by 2030.
 (likely to / expect)

 (set / forcast)

32. Far more PhD students read over twelve articles a week compared with
junior lecturers.
 Far fewer
33. The average student reads fewer journal articles than the average junior
lecturer.
 The average junior lecturer

34. The other students at the university do not read as many articles as the
average PhD student.
 The average PhD student

35. Junior lecturers do not have as much time to read articles as those
students who are researching for a PhD.
 Those students who are researching for a PhD

36. The vast majority of visitors to Britain come from Europe. However, they
stay for fewer than ten days on average.
 Although

37. Forty-five per cent of people speak a foreign language. Nevertheless,


the vast majority are at a low level.
 Although forty-five per cent

38. It has good weather. However, southern France is visited by only two
per cent of Asian tourists.
 Despite

39. The cost of student exchanges went up. Nevertheless, the number of
exchanges rose.
 The number of student exchanges

40. The event was promoted to teenagers. Nevertheless, they accounted for
only 32 per cent of the audience.
 Although

II. Make comparative sentences based on notes a—g below. Use the
passive or active form of the verb in italics.
Examples
females/males/select/the bicycle
 More females than males selected the bicycle.
males/females/select/the bicycle
 Fewer males than females selected the bicycle.
the bicycle/choose/females/males
 The bicycle was chosen by more females than males.
a. males / females / choose / the car

b. women / men / select / the mobile phone

c. the Internet / choose / males / females

d. females / males / pick / the radio

e. males / females / pick / the radio

f. the tablet / choose / females / males

g. the bicycle / select / males / females

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