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Experiment#2

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27 views5 pages

Experiment#2

Uploaded by

sh6269452
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electric Circuits 2 Lab

Experiment # 2

Superposition Theorem

Abstract:

We will conduct this experiment to verify the Superposition Theorem. the Superposition
Theorem analyzes parallel circuits from series multi-source AC. Overlay can only be
applied to linear and binary networks. Fortunately, all of the components we are going to
discuss (resistors, capacitors, and inductors) belong to this category. Furthermore,
superposition cannot be used to find values for nonlinear functions, such as force,
directly. This is not a limitation because power can be calculated from output voltages or
current values.

The basic idea is to determine the contribution of each source on its own, and then
combine the results to get the final answer. Contributions are either all voltages or all
currents as needed. Where we will draw a circuit that contains two voltage sources, a
capacitor, and a resistance using the multisim program. We calculate the currents and
voltages in each branch, then replace one of the sources with a closed circuit, and
measure the new values. We restore the source, cancel the other source, and measure the
values, and then sum the values in each of the two sources. We will notice that the
currents and voltages are equal to the measured values in the first case (when both
sources are present)

Objectives:
 Validate of superposition theorem.
 Demonstrate that superposition theorem can be applied to both voltage and current.

Required Materials & Equipment:


 Two AC power sources.
 resistor inductor and capacitor.
 Voltage probe.

Theory:

Superposition theorem: The superposition theorem for electrical circuits states that the voltage
or current in any branch of a linear circuit having more than one independent source equals the
algebraic sum of the voltage or current caused by each independent source acting alone. To
determine the contribution of each individual source, all of the other sources first must be
"turned off" (set to zero) by:

 Replacing all other independent voltage sources with a short circuit


 Replacing all other independent current sources with an open circuit
 This procedure is followed for each source in turn, and then the resultant responses are
added to determine the true operation of the circuit. The resultant circuit operation is the
superposition of the various voltage and current sources.

Procedures:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram of the shown figure.

2. Set at , 50 Hz, .
3. Reenter the same values for AC Analysis Magnitude and Phase.
4. Set at , 50 Hz, .
5. Reenter the same values for AC Analysis Magnitude and Phase.
6. Select Single Frequency AC Mode.
7. Set the frequency for , or click on auto detect.
8. Select the complex number format.
9. On the output window, choose the current on the capacitor to be monitored.
10. Run your simulation and record your results of ( ).

11. Remove , replace it with short circuit, run your simulation and record your results of
( ).

12. Reinsert , replace with short circuit, run your simulation and record your results of
).

13. Verify that &


0.7855+0.607j -1+0.4999j 1.7856+0.107j 0.7856+0.607j
-1.214+4.071j -0.999+0.499j -0.214+3.571j -1.213+4.07j
-0.4289+4.68j -1.999+0.999j 1.571+3.678j -0.428+4.677j
81.42+24.289j 9.998+19.999j 71.422+4.29j 81.42+24.289j

Observation & Discussion

1-The Superposition Theorem has been verified, as the sum of the currents and voltages at each
source is equal to the values calculated when the two sources are present .

2- If we change one of the voltage sources with a current source, we will follow the same steps,
except in the step of removing the current source, we replace it with an open circuit .

3- the superposition theorem can only be applied in linear circuits .

4- It cannot be used to calculate the power because the power equation is nonlinear

Conclusions

The superposition theory in electric circuits states that for any linear system the response
(voltage or current) in any branch of a binary linear circuit that has more than one independent
source is equal to the algebraic sum of the responses produced by each single independent
source, whereby all other independent sources are replaced by their impedance internal

Assignment:

1. Verify your results by using mathematical analysis of the circuit.


V1 = 40cos(wt+30) , V1 = 40<30 = 34.64+20j
V2 = 50cos(wt) , V1 = 50
= 2*50*3.14 =314
0.03183
159.15*10-6H = = = -20j

1- replace the voltage source V1 in a short circuit :

Rth = R+(Xc*Xl)/(Xc+Xl)= = 40+20j

IR1= = 1-0.5j
Ic1 = (1-0.5j) *

Il1 = (1-0.5j)* = 2-j

Vc1=Ic1*Xc=(-1+0.5j)*-20j=10+20j

2- Reinsert V1, replace V2 with short circuit

Rth = Xl + (R*Xc)/(R+Xc)= 10j+ = 8-6j

Il2= = 1.57+3.68j

Ic2=(1.57+3.68j)* = -0.216+3.572i

IR2 = (1.57+3.68j)* = 1.786+0.108j

Vc2 = Ic2 * Xc = (-0.216+3.572j)*-20j= 71.44+4.32j

3- we add the values in both cases:

IR= IR2-IR1=(1.786+0.108j)-(1-0.5j)=0.786+0.608j

Ic=Ic1+Ic2=(-1+0.5j)+(-0.216+3.572j)= -1.216+4.072j

Il=Il2-Il1=(1.57+3.68j)-(2-j)= -0.43+4.68j

Vc=Vc1+Vc2= (10+20j)+(71.44+4.32j)= 81.44+24.32j

Evaluation Table (for instructor use only):

Section Precentage Grade


Abstract 20%
Measurements 20%
Discussion & Observation 20%
Conclusion 20%
Assignment 20%
Total 100%

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