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IC Engine Interview Questions

Q1. What is a Internal Combustion Engine?
An Internal combustion engine is a heat engine where the combustion of a
fuel occurs with an oxidizer(air). In this engine, both the reactant and
product of the combustion used as working fluid of the engine. The heat
released from the combustion of fluid supplies its energy to the engine. The
energy produced from the hot gaseous product of combustion acts on a
piston, nozzle, a turbine blade. The internal combustion engine is
extensively used in vehicles, boats, trains, aeroplanes and it is the most
common form of heat engine.
Q2. List some advantages of internal combustion engines?
There are a number of advantages of internal combustion engines. Some
are mentioned below:
1. In comparison with an external combustion engine, the size of this
engine is very less.
2. These engines have a high power to weight ratio.
3. This engine is good for applications which require small power.
4. As compared to the external combustion engine, these engines are more
portable.
5. Internal combustion engines are very safe to operate.
6. It does not take much time to start.
7. Usually, these engines have higher efficiency than their counterpart
external combustion engine.
8. There is no chance of fluid to leak in an internal combustion engine.
9. Internal combustion engines require less maintenance.
10. It does not consume lubricant as much as an external combustion
engine
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Q3. What are limitations of internal combustion engines

Every coin has two faces. So, the internal combustion engine has both
merits and demerits. Some of the limitations of the internal combustion
engine are mentioned below: -
1. Only fine quality gaseous and liquid fuel can be used as fuel.
2. Most of the fuel used in these engines are very costly.
3. In comparison with an external combustion engine, the emission is
generally high.
4. It cannot be used for large scale power generation.
5. Due to the detonation of fuel, a lot of noise is generated.

Q4. What is Compression ratio of I.C. engine?

Compression ratio in an internal combustion engine is defined as the ratio
of the volume of the cylinder (when the piston is nearest with the head of
the cylinder) and the combustion chamber (when the piston farthest out).
Higher the ratio, more the air is compressed in the cylinder. In engines, the
air is tightly compressed as it gives a powerful explosion from the air-fuel
mixture which in turn makes more fuel to get used. Automotive engineers
use this technique to design engines with full fuel efficiency.
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Q5. What is carburettor in I.C. engine?

A carburettor is a device used in the internal combustion engine for mixing
the air with the fuel for supplying a spark ignition system. The carburettor
has various components used, for example, a choke, storage chamber for
liquid fuel, the main jet, an accelerator pump, an idling jet and a venturi
shaped airflow restriction. It is used only in those engines where spark
ignition can occur like a Petrol engine.

Q6. What are Engine Pistons?

A piston is a cylindrical shape component present in engines that move
reciprocating in the cylinder bore due to the forces made during the
combustion process. The movable end of the combustion chamber is piston
whereas the cylinder head acts as a stationary end. Mostly, pistons are
made up of cast aluminium alloy and it provides superb and lightweight
thermal conductivity.

Q7. List types of internal combustion engine? There are many types of
Internal combustion engine. Some important types are mentioned below: ?
On the basis of fuel used
1. Diesel Engine 2. Petrol Engine (or Gasoline Engine)
On the basis of strokes per cycle
1. Two-stroke Engine 2. Four-stroke Engine?
On the basis of the type of ignition
1. Spark Ignition Engine (S.I. Engine) 2. Compression-Ignition Engine (C.I.
Engine)
On the basis of the arrangement of valves
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1. L-head Engine 2. I-head Engine 3. T-head Engine 4. F-head Engine

On the basis of the type of cycle
1. Otto cycle Engine 2. Diesel cycle Engine 3. Dual Cycle Engine
On the basis of the cooling system used
1. Air-cooled Engine 2. Water-cooled Engine
On the basis of application
1. Automobile Engine
2. Aircraft Engine
3. Locomotive Engine
4. Marine Engine
5. Stationary Engine
The list is not ended here. There are still many more types of Internal
combustion engine used in various applications.

Q8. Please explain Combustion thermodynamics?

Q9. What is Combustion modelling?
Q10. What is valve timing diagram?
The valve timing diagram comprises a 360-degree figure which represents
the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valve of the engine
which in turn depends upon the movement of the piston from TDC to BDC.
Therefore, valve timing graph represents the relation between piston and
valve and is controlled by setting a graphical representation between these
two.
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Q11. Explain Spark ignition engines?

It refers to the combustion process where the air-fuel mixture is ignited by
a spark from a spark plug. This term is used in petrol engines, not the diesel
engine where initiation of the combustion process does not require any
external spark.

Q12. What is Crankshaft? The Crankshaft is responsible for the engine’s

proper working. It transforms the piston’s linear motion into rotational
motion. As Crankshaft faces a very high level of cycling loading, it is very
important that they have very high fatigue strength and it should wear
resistance to work for long term.

Q13. Explain the function of Flywheel ?

The main function of Flywheel is to store rotational energy. The amount of
energy stored in the Flywheel is directly proportional to the square of its
rotational speed. There are some common functions of Flywheel like to
provide continuous energy when the energy source is discontinuous and to
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deliver energy at a faster rate. For example, a flywheel maintains the

constant angular velocity of the crankshaft in a back and forth engine. The
flywheel stores the energy when torque is exerted on it by a firing piston,
and it releases the stored energy to the crankshaft when a piston
compresses fresh air and fuel.

Q14. What is scavenging?

The replacement of the exhaust gas with fresh air/fuel mixture in a cylinder
is called scavenging for the next cycle. As the exhaust gases can cause
improper combustion so it is necessary to perform scavenging to maximize
the power output.

Q15. What is indicator diagram?

The term indicator diagram was developed by James Watt and John
Southern which represent the diagram of the pressure change and volume
within a cylinder of a back and forth engine. This diagram is used to
calculate the power generated and work done in an engine cylinder which
helps the engineer in improving the efficiency of steam engines.

Q16. What is flame front?

In an explosion, the combustion reaction takes place within a region of
space and this region of space is called the flame front. It is a zone where
the fuel and the combustive mixed up more precisely. An explosion can be
deflagration or a detonation depending on the speed of the flame front. In
this flame front, as the mixture is limited to a very narrow space, the
temperature of the flames is often several thousand degrees.
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Q17. What is ignition lag in SI Engine?

Ignition lag or ignition delay as the name suggests is the time interval
between the passage of spark and the ignition of the fuel-air mixture.

Q18. What is 2-stroke IC Engine?

Two-stroke engines, as the name suggests, need two-piston movements
(one cycle) to generate power. In this engine, the exhaust and the intake of
the gas occur at the same time therefore the engine can produce power
after one cycle. Pressure change allows the opening and closing of the
valve (for intake stroke). This engine also helps in better mixing of oil with
fuel to add lubrication, which permits smoother strokes.

Q19. Name the fuel used by IC Engines?

Below fuels are used by IC Engines:
1. Gasoline is used for the spark-ignition internal combustion engine.
2. Diesel fuels are used for compression-ignition internal combustion
engines.
3. Marine fuels are used for shipping.
4. Aviation turbine fuels are used for aviation turbines.
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Q20. What is ATFT Technology used in Honda Hunk?

ATFT stands for Advanced tumble induction Technology. This technology
gives a tumbling effect on the airfuel mixture which increases fuel
efficiency. ATFT brings a spinning motion to the air-fuel mixture which as a
result helps in better mixing of the fuel and air. Better mixing of these
components brings more efficient burning of fuel and hence more power
with less emission.

Q21. What is the 6 stroke engine?

Six stroke engines are the modified or updated engine that is designed to
improve the two-stroke and four stroke engine. These are applied to the
internal combustion engine. There are many advantages of using a six-
stroke engine which is: - It increases fuel efficiency. It reduces mechanical
complexity. It reduces efficiency.