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IntroToMachineLearning - 25-07-2019

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IntroToMachineLearning - 25-07-2019

Uploaded by

Aliaa Tarek Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

Intro.

to Machine Learning
By Eng.Yousra Hesham
Table of Content
• What’s Machine Learning?
• Machine Learning VS Traditional Programming.
• Machine Learning is the future.
• Machine Learning Algorithms.
• Machine Learning Applications.
• How to start in ML?
• Machine Learning process.
• Real Life examples.
• Questions?
• Refernces
What’s Machine Learning?
• How to make Machines Learn  ?
• Simulates the way human Learn.
• Rule-Based Learning.
• Previous Experience-based learning.
• Example: Teach a kid how to identify Cats?
•
What’s Machine Learning?
• Is it Artificial Intelligence?
What’s Machine Learning?
• Instead of telling the Machine exactly what to do, we feed the data to
a generic algorithm and it builds its own logic.

• Example: Spam checker in e-mails.


Machine Learning VS Traditional Programming

• Traditional Programming: • Machine Learning:


Teach a kid how to deal Teach a kid how to identify
with hot ovens? animals?
If the oven temperature is Based on some features?!!
up don’t get near to it. Or perhaps, by showing a
set of animals so
unconsciously he learns.
Machine Learning is the Future
• Data is every where.

• In 2005 the data was 130


Exabyte and counting.

• Data is ( Songs, Movies,


Books, Articles, spoken
words, text messages…
etc)
Machine Learning Algorithms

• Divided based on type of input Data:


• Supervised Learning Algorithms.
• Unsupervised Learning Algorithms.
• Semi-Supervised Learning Algorithm.
• Reinforcement Learning Algorithms.
Machine Learning Algorithms
• Supervised Learning:
• We have data and know the answer.
• Types:
• Regression.
• Classification.
Machine Learning Algorithms

• Unsupervised Learning:
• We have data and don’t know the
answer.
• Example: distinguish between cats and dogs.
Machine Learning Algorithms
Machine Learning Algorithms
• Semi-Supervised learning:
• The data is divided into 2 parts:
• Few is labeled data.
• Lots of unlabeled data.
• Mix between Supervised and Unsupervised learning.
Machine Learning Algorithms
• Reinforcement Learning:
• Train itself from the environment.
• Usually used with robotics applications.
Work out your mind!

What is the output of Machine Learning


process?
Machine Learning Applications
• Natural Language Processing:
• QA.
• Sentiment Analysis.
• Crowd Monitoring.
• Machine Translation.
• public opinion mining.
• Computer Vision Applications:
• Face Recognition.
• Object Recognition.
• OCR.
• Bio-informatics applications.
• Hand Writing Recognition.
• Facial Recognition.

• Recommender Systems ((Amazon- Facebook - Netflix-… etc).


• Virtual Reality headsets.
How to start in Machine Learning?

Build a basic foundation + Practical knowledge in


a chosen track
How to start in Machine Learning?
• Build a basic foundation:
• Learn the basic theory (Maths) behind ML.
• Python or R.
• Understand ML Algorithms.
• Practical applications along the way.
• Join competitions ( why not? )
• Resources:
• Kaggle Crash courses. (amazing for a strong hands-on start)
• Machine Learning A to Z by Data Science (for overview and practice)
• Intro. To ML by Andrew NG (for theory)
• Machine Learning Nanodegree by Udacity.
Steps towards an ML Model
Steps towards an ML Model
Lets take Examples, shall we?
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
• Sub-field of Artificial Intelligence.
• Enabling computers to understand and process human languages.
• Example:
• Apple Siri.
• Amazon Alexa.
• Google Translate.
• Chat Bots.
Classify Restaurant Reviews
• We have people’s reviews on a restaurant and we want to predict if others are
Positive or Negative.
• Wow….. I loved this Place. -> Positive

• Procedure?
• Remove the non-letters characters. Wow i loved this place.
• Lower Case letters. wow….. i loved this place.
• Make the text sentence to array of words. [ wow, I, love, this, place]
• Removes the unnecessary parts (Pronoun–Stop words....( . [wow, loved, place]
• Get the origin of a word(Stemming). Loved -> love. [wow, love, place]
• Choose a suitable model for the problem!
• Test your model with new data( other than the training Data)
• Calculate it’s accuracy, if acceptable then you have your model ready, if not , re-ajust the
model parameters of perhaps a new model.
Machine Translation
• Making machines translate from one language to another.
• This field is part of NLP.
• Two approaches:
• Old approach: ‫أنا أحب كرة اليد‬
• Depends on the linguistic rules of the Language.
• New approach ( Statistical):
• Depends on the already existing data.
I love Volley ball
Statistical Machine Translation

• Steps:
• Break original sentence
into chunks.
• Find all possible translations for
each chunk.
‫أنا أحب الذهاب الي أجمل شاطئ‬
• Generate all possible sentences
and find the most likely one.
• Limitations?
No available dataset from each
languages to another so, we use
an in-between language.
Statistical Machine Translation

• Make it even smarter:


• Recurrent Neural Networks
• Use the previous word in the
sentence to predict the next one
translation.
Statistical Machine Translation

• Make it even smarter:


• Encodings
• Turning raw data into the list of
measurements that represent it.
Machine Learning without Machine Learning
Knowledge
• Can someone develop an ML program and let me use it?
• Astonishingly, the answer is YES. -> Google APIs is an Example
• Vision API, NLP API… etc.
• You now has a tool (applicable with no fee for small startups) to start focusing
on your application idea not the implementation of the ML Model.
That’s it for Today?
Questions?
Arabic Tokenizer
• the process of breaking a stream of text up into words, phrases,
symbols, or other meaningful elements called tokens.
• Problem? ‫فسيكفيكهم‬
• Tools? NLTK (Pyhton), CLTK, Pyarabic
• Farasa Segmenter.
Arabic Question Answering
• Open-ended QA systems.
• Data sets.
• Large Scale Retriever.
• Machine Reading Comprehension.
References
• https://medium.com/@ageitgey/machine-learning-is-fun-part-5-
language-translation-with-deep-learning-and-the-magic-of-
sequences-2ace0acca0aa
• https://medium.com/@ageitgey/machine-learning-is-fun-
80ea3ec3c471
• https://www.quora.com/What-is-machine-learning-4
• https://www.superdatascience.com/machine-learning/
• https://emerj.com/ai-glossary-terms/what-is-machine-learning/
• https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.10854
Want to Start!
• Machine Learning A to Z Course English Version.
• Machine Learning A to Z Course Arabic Version.
• Machine Learning Course by Andrew NG.
• Machine Learning Nanodegree by Udacity NTL scholarship.
• Tensor Flow from A to Z by Andrew NG.
Arabic Natural Language Processing
• Challenges:
• Used by Hundreds of Millions of People.
• The language’s complex nature (derivational, inflectional,
etc.)
• The existence of many variations of the
language such as:
• the Classical Arabic (CA)
• (which is mainly used in
ancient and theological texts but is still understood due to its use
in the Holy Quran),
• the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)
• (which is a modernized and simplified version of CA).
• Dialectal Arabic (DA)
• (where each region has its own dialect)

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