Grade 7 Science

CONCENTRATION OF
SOLUTIONS
 Solutions… a review
A solution is a homogeneous mixture
ie. they appear as ONE substance
Examples:
https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQpa3YEwfL0rYV-JwH82v3XzSOSqIeqNlrSYBQBYjo59zaC147dNg

tap water
Vinegar
gold jewelry
 Solutions have 2 parts:

Solute Solvent
The substance that The substance in
dissolves (found which the solute
in less amounts) dissolves (found in
the greatest
amounts)
Dissolving...
To mix completely:
the solute dissolves into the
solvent.
https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQKNGRjyzB9qR43mnjtYeVYpHdb7w4EgGfLBZp-OivJDq4eZiMtw

http://scienceprojectideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Solutions-Concentration.jpg
 Solute Solvent State
Vinegar

Air

Soda

Filtered sea
water
Brass

Sugar water
 Vinegar
5% acetic acid Liquid
Liquid
95% water
 Air
- 78%: Nitrogen
Gas
- 22%: oxygen,
carbon dioxide, Gas
other gases
 Soda
Gas
- carbon dioxide
Liquid
- water
 Filtered Sea Water
- Water Liquid
- Salt and other
minerals Solid
 100 % Brass
- 35g zinc Solid
- 65% copper Solid
**Alloy: Solutions made
from two or more metals.
 Sugar water
- 1 teaspoon of Solid
sugar
- 1 cup of water Liquid
SOLUBLE AND INSOLUBLE
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?

Soluble
v=khgOTDvG-4A

If the particles of the solute are

more attracted to the particles of
the solvent.
Dissolving occurs.
The solute is said to be soluble in
that solvent. (ie.
http://images2.fanpop.com/image/photos/13800000/Tea-tea-13893628-1920-1200.jpg

Solution)
Insoluble

If the particles of the solute are

more attracted to their own
particles than the solvent particles.
Dissolving does NOT occur.
The solute is said to be insoluble
in that solvent.
https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTscnJh5Gbc2mg54FswiSWJjBf5MpaOsZstuhV5eegHlVVEAiX02Q

(ie. Mechanical)
Soluble or Insoluble?

soluble

insoluble
CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY
SOLUBILITY

is a maximum amount of solute that can

dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a
certain temperature.
A solution can be saturated, unsaturated and
super saturated
SATURATED SOLUTIONS

The solution that contains the maximum amount

of solute dissolved by a given amount of
solvent.
If you add more solute to the solvent, it will no
longer dissolve
The presence of an excess solid which can no
longer dissolve is evidence that the solution is
saturated.
UNSATURATED SOLUTION
A solution is unsaturated when it
contains less solute than the maximum
amount it can dissolve at a given
temperature.
Saturated vs. Unsaturated

Saturated Unsaturated
Will form when no more More solute is able to dissolve
solute will dissolve at a certain at a certain temperature
temperature.
http://image.tutorvista.com/cms/images/44/saturated-unsaturated-solution1.JPG

Figure 2. At 25oC, a saturated

solution of table salt has only
36.0 g (3 tablespoons) dissolved
in 100 mL of water. Any
additional table salt will no longer
dissolve
 A more measurable way to find out the solubility
of a solute is to determine the maximum amount
that can be dissolved in 100 g of solvent at a
specific temperature. http://image.tutorvista.com/cms/images/44/saturated-unsaturated-solution1.JPG

Figure 2. At 25oC, a saturated

solution of table salt has only
36.0 g (3 tablespoons) dissolved
in 100 mL of water. Any
additional table salt will no longer
dissolve
CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS

The concentration describes the relative amounts of

solute and solvent in a given volume of solution.
It can be
a. Concentrated Solution
b. Dilute Solution
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Dilution-concentration_simple_example.jpg

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0073511072/80712/image16.gif
When do we say that a solution is
concentrated?

When there is a large amount of

dissolved solute for a certain volume of solvent, the
solution is concentrated.
When do we also say that a solution
is dilute?

A dilute solution has a small amount of dissolved solute

in comparison to the amount of solvent
Concentration is…
The quantity of solute that
is dissolved in a certain
quantity of the solvent.

Can be described
qualitatively or
quantitatively.
Concentrations of Solutions

Compare the two cups of Concentrated solution

tea… Darker tea
Large mass of dissolved
solute for a certain
quantity of solvent.
Dilute solution
Lighter tea
Small mass of dissolved
solute for a certain
quantity of solvent
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Dilution-concentration_simple_example.jpg

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0073511072/80712/image16.gif
 Qualitative Quantitative
Using words Using
such as like numbers.
“dilute” or This is
“concentrated” especially
important
http://christianross.net/QvQ/images/2popcorn.jpg

when safety is
an issue!
Student Practice… Qualitative or
Quantitative?

#1(a). Food coloring made the water blue.

Qualitative

(b). Adding 3 mL of food coloring turned 250 mL of

water blue.
Quantitative
#2(a). The water became warmer.
Qualitative

(b). The water’s temperature increased by 5 degree

Celsius.
Quantitative
#3(a). We needed just over a dozen floor tiles for our
model room.
Qualitative

(b). We needed 14 floor tiles for our model room.

Quantitative
#4(a). The liquid boiled in 5 min.
Quantitative

(b). The liquid took only a few minutes to boil.

Qualitative
#5(a). The mass of this solid is 5g more than that one.
Quantitative

(b). This solid is heavier than that one.

Qualitative
6(a). He drinks eight glasses of water each day.
Qualitative

(b). He drinks 2L of water each day.

Quantitative
A limit to concentration
p.264

Make a salt solution: Notice the lump of

undissolved solid that
Add a spoonful… dissolved! is left on the spoon
Add a second spoonful…
dissolved!
Add a third, fourth and
more… It becomes more
concentrated!
Eventually you reach a
point where salt will NOT
dissolve any more.
Concentration is…
Expressed as the amount of solute
per unit volume.
Examples: -g/L or g/mL
-ppm (parts per million)
- percentage be mass
Which is dilute and which is more
concentrated for each example?

Example 1:
Orange juice from concentrate: ___________
Weak Kool-Aid: ____________________
Example 2:
A solution with a concentration: 20g/100mL _______
A solution with a concentration: 25g/25mL_________
Example 3:
A solution with a concentration: 20/80mL__________
A solution with a concentration: 20/100mL ________
Time to think…
Concentrated solutions can be:
1. Adding more solute and keeping the amount of
solvent the same. http://faithfulprovisions.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/How-to-make-strawberry-jam.jpg

2. Keeping the amount of solute the same and

reducing the amount of solvent.
Example
boiling off the water while making jam
a solution could be considered “concentrated”
and still be unsaturated.
Other ways of expressing
concentrations
1. Percent by volume- which is the amount of solute in a given
volume of solution expressed as volume solute per 100 milliliter of
solution (mL/100 mL)
% by volume =volume of solute (mL) X 100
volume of solution (mL)
2.Percent by mass- which is the amount of solute in a given
mass of solvent expressed as grams solute per 100 grams of
solution
% by mass= mass of solute (g) X 100
mass of solution(g)
 Units of Concentration

Percent volume
% volume = volume solute (ml) x 100
volume solution (ml)
Percent mass
% mass = mass solute (g) x 100
mass solution (g)

Solution = solvent + solute

Example 1: PERCENT BY VOLUME
What is the percent by volume concentration of a
solution in which 75.0 ml of ethanol is diluted to a
volume of 250.0 ml?
Given:
Volume of solute = 75 mL
Volume of solution = 250 mL
% by volume = ?
% by volume = volume of solute x 100
volume of solution
% by volume = 75 mL x 100
250 mL
% by volume = 30 %
Example 1: PERCENT BY MASS
What is the percent by mass concentration if 25 grams of solute is
added to make a solution of 75 grams ?
Given:
grams of solute = 25 grams
grams of solution = 75 grams
% by mass = ?
% by mass = gram of solute x 100
grams of solution
% by mas = 25 grams x 100
75 grams
% by volume = 33.33 %
In class activity

1. Find the percent by mass in which

41.0 g of NaCl is dissolved in 331
grams of water.
2. What is the percent by volume of a
solution formed by mixing 25 mL of
isopropanol with 45 mL of water?
Rate of dissolving

The rate of dissolving refers to how

quickly a solute dissolves in a solvent.
Factors that affect the rate of
dissolving include:
1. Stirring
2. Temperature
3. Size of solute
4. Pressure
1. Stirring

A solute will dissolve more quickly if you

stir it.
Example: fruit drink with drink crystals.
Stir the mixture to increase the rate of
dissolving.
2. Temperature - SOLID
As temperature increases:
The faster the solute will
dissolve.
Temperature - GAS
As temperature increases:
The solubility of a gas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3j9

generally decreases. HAsoV5Q

It will taste: “flat” - warm

pop if left open for a
period of time
3. Size of solute
Smaller pieces of solute will
dissolve more quickly than
larger pieces.
Dissolving a solid in a liquid
takes place at the surface of the
solid.
Breaking a large solid into
smaller pieces, expose more
surfaces - creating a larger
surface for the solvent to interact
with.
4. Pressure

Gases are
more soluble
in liquids
under higher
pressure.
Pressure:
Open a bottle or can of pop!
As pressure increases, the solubility of a gas
generally increases.
Higher pressure forces extra gas particles into
the spaces between the water particles.
As pressure decreases, the solubility of a gas
generally decreases.
Open the can and the pressure inside lowers
quickly. Gas solute comes out of the solution. IE:
bubbles
CORE LABORATORY
ACTIVITY: HOW DOES
TEMPERATURE AFFECT
SOLUBILITY?
In class activity