Physics

Answer Key

MECHANICS
   
 r1  r2   v 2  v1 
1.    
r1  r2 v 2  v1

A 
2.   1.8
B 2
 1

2a
3. t
3v
4. It is seen from Fig. 1a that the points A and B converge with velocity v – u cos , where the angle  varies
with time. The points merge provided the following two conditions are met:

6

5
B u s
v 4
 3
x
A 2
wx
1
0
1 3 4 5 6 7
–1
(a) (b)

Fig. 1

 

 (v  u cos ) dt  ,  v cos  dt  u ,
0 0

where  is the sought time. It follows from these two equations that

v

v 2
 u2 


5. CD 
2
 1

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 PHYSICS Book Crunch (Solutions)

 b  2
6. (a) y    x
 2a 

3/2
 a    xb  
2
v2 v2
(b) R      1    
wn w 2  w 2  b    a  

1
7. (a) w = 2av2, R= a
2

bv 2 a2
(b) w  , R
a2 b

v2
8. (a) y  (hyperbola)
x

2wx
(b) y  (parabola)


2 2
 bt   2bt  2
9. (a)   at 1     8 rad / s,   a 1     1.3 rad/s
a  a 

(b) 17°

2
 t 
10.   0 1   0   0.6 rad/ s,   0 1  02 t 2  0.2 rad / s2
 0 

at
11. When t  t0, the accelerations w1 = w2 =  m  m  ; when t  t0
1 2

kgm2
, w =
 at  km2 g   m1  m2 
w1 = . Here t = kgm . See Fig. 4.
m1 2 m2 0 2
am

w
w2

w1

O t0 t

Fig. 2

4m1m2  m0  m1  m2 
12. w1  4m m  m m  m g.
1 2 0  1 2

1  k 
13. wmin = g .
1  k 
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Book Crunch (Solutions) PHYSICS

mg sin 
14. w  M  2m (1  cos  ) .


15.  . Is independent of the rotation direction.
  
 2 
 m  1 

 2F0 F0
16. t ; s ; v max  .
 m 2 m

v0
17. v = 1  cos  .
 
Instruction: Here w  = –wx, and therefore v = –v x + const. From the initial condition it follows that
const. = v0. Besides, vx = v cos .
18. For n < 1, including negative values.

 20
19. t
2v 0 R

kmg  0 1  cos 
20. A  0.09 J
2  sin   k cos   cos 

 g  mg
21. r   2  tan   0.8 cm, T  5N
  cos 

3mg
22. (a)   ;


2
1    mg 8mg
(b) h    
 mg  8 

mM
23. (a) A = –gh, where  = m  M ;
 
(b) Yes

m2
24. sin max 
m1

25. Results to be proved.


26. v  2gh ln  
h

27. (a) Relative to all points of the straight line drawn at right angles to the wall through the point O;

(b) M = 2 mv cos .

m20 r04
28. F
r3
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 PHYSICS Book Crunch (Solutions)

 2 
 m   v 2 
29. rmin   2s   1   0   1,
 where ms is the mass of the Sun.
 v0    ms  

2 r 3/2 4.5 days    0 ,

30. t  
M 3 r   0.84 hour    2.
2r
31. The decrease in the total energy E of the satellite over the time interval dt is equal to —dE = Fv dt.
Representing E and v as functions of the distance r between the satellite and the centre of the Moon, we

can reduce this equation to the form convenient for integration. Finally, we get    n  1
m
 gR

ME
32. v 3  2v12   2  1 V12  17 km / s. Here v1 
2 2
, ME and R are the mass and the radius of the Earth;
R
Ms
V12  , Ms is the mass of the Sun, r is the radius of the Earth’s orbit.
r

sin 
33.   6F
m

02R
34. n = (1 + k2) .
8k (k  1) g

3kmg 2kg
35. Fmax  ; wmax 
 2  3k    3k 
2

 r 
F  cos   
36. (a) w x   R ;
m 1   
2
 r 
F 2t 2  cos   
(b) A   R
2m 1   

3g  M  3m 
37. w 
 I 
 M  9m  2 
 R 

1
38. v 0  gR  7 cos   4   1.0 m /s
3

 2 2
 r 
7
39. T  mv 2  1  7 2 
10  R 

1
40. N m2  2 sin 2
24

  
41. (a)    3   N;
 2r rG 

 2 
(b)    4   N
 r G 
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Book Crunch (Solutions) PHYSICS

G
42. N    d 24  d14   0.5 kN.m.
32
43. p1 > p2, v1 < v2. The density of streamlines grows on transition from point 1 to point 2.

gh  S  s 
2
44. F  6N
S

R12R22  1 1
45. (a)   2  2  2 ;
R22  R12  R1 r 

R12R22
(b) N  4 2
R22  R12
46. ex = 5.

THERMODYNAMICS


1. T  (mg  p0 S )  0.9 K
R

2. pmin  2R T0

1 p0 Mg
3.
n
(a) p  p0 (1  ah ) , h  ; (b) p  . Here n  .
a (1  ah )n aRT0

V 2 V  b 
2
4. 
RTV 3  2a V  b 2 
 

a
5. T 
bR

 1
6. Q  RT0  1    2.5 kJ
 n

7. See Fig. 1 where V is an isochore, p is an isobaric line, T is an isothermal line, and S is an adiabatic line.

P T S V T
P
V
V

P
S
O T T
(a) (b)
Fig. 1

2RT
8. v  3.3 km /s
  1 M


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 PHYSICS Book Crunch (Solutions)

R
9. (a) C  CV  ;
V

R
(b) C  CV 
1  V 

10. (a) A   ln   RT0

   1
;
   1

   1

 pV
(b) pV e = const.

n 
kT ln  2 
11. h  n1 
 m2  m1  g

 2RT 
12.    ln   280 rad/s
 M 2 

2T3
13.   1
T1  T2 

ln n
14. In both cases   1 
n 1

   1 ln n
15. 

 ln n     1
   1

 
  1 2
1    1  
16.


17. (a) C   ;
T

T 
(b) Q   ln  1  ;
 T2 

T 
(c) A   ln  1   CV T1  T2 
 T2 

 gh  p0 h  d
18.   4 cos 
    h  

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2 cos 
19. h
gx 

 p  4 4 3
20. A  F  pV ln   , where F = 8R2, p = p0 + , V = R .
p
 0 R 3

ELECTRODYNAMICS
0
1. (a) E  ;
4 0 R

0 R 2
(b) E  .
4 0  x 2  R 2 
3/2

p
For x >> R the strength E  , where p = R20.
40 x 3

 1 k 0 
2. E where k is the unit vector of the z axis with respect to which the angle  is read off. Clearly,,
3 0
the field inside the given sphere is uniform.
 2 
  R , E      R 
3.   1     1  1   . When   0, then   ,E  ; when  >> R, then
20    20  2  R 2  20 20

q q
 , E , where q = R2.
40  40 2

4. E   2(axiˆ  ayjˆ  bzkˆ ), E  2 a 2  x 2  y 2   b2 z 2 .

 
(a) An ellipsoid of revolution with semiaxes and .
a b
(b) In the case of  > 0, a single-cavity hyperboloid of revolution; when  = 0, a right round cone; when 
< 0, a two-cavity hyperboloid of revolution.

 y2 
5.   ay   x 2   const.
 3 
6.  = –60a

7. (a)   ;
2

(b) ( r ) 
2  2  r 2
8. Result to be proved.
S
9. (a) C  0  2  1  ;
 
d ln  2 
 1 
q  2  1 
(b)  
dS 2

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 PHYSICS Book Crunch (Solutions)

  R      R 
10. V  R1E1 ln  2    1  ln  3  
  R1   2   R2  

11. C  20a.
Instruction: When b >> a, the charges can be assumed to be distributed practically uniformly over the
surfaces of the balls.

C1C2
12. q1 = C2, q2 
C1  C2 

2 ln2 q 2
13. W  
40 a

2CC0
14. Q  .
 2C  C0 

 q2   1 1
15. A      
 80  a b

0 R 2V 2
16. N     1
4d

5
17. (a) R;
6

7
(b) R;
12

3
(c) R
4

18. Imagine the voltage V to be applied across the points A and B. Then V = IR = I0R0, where I is the current
carried by the lead wires, I0 is the current carried by the conductor AB.
The current I0 can be represented as a superposition of two currents. If the current I flowed into point A and
I
spread (all over) the infinite wire grid, the conductor AB would carry (because of symmetry) the current .
4
Similarly, if the current I flowed into the grid from infinity and left the grid through point B, the conductor AB
I I R
would also carry the current . Superposing both of these solutions, we obtain I0 = . Therefore, R = 0 .
4 2 2

4tab
19. 
 b  a  C ln 
20. Result to be proved.
21. R = R2 – R1,  = 0 in the source of current with internal resistance R2.

 R12  R2 1 
22. I   0.02 A, the current is directed from the left to the right (see Fig. 2).
 RR1  R1R2  R2R 

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Book Crunch (Solutions) PHYSICS

R2 2

R1
1
R

Fig. 2

r  r  3R 
23. R AB 
 R  3r 


24. T – T0 = 1  e

kt
C  VkR
2

t

0 
25. (a) q  q0 e ;

2
 1 1  q0
(b) Q    
 a b  80 

2
4 
26. (a)   x    0ax 3
9

3
4 2e
(b) j  0 a 2
9 m


tan  
27. B  n0I  n  , for n  , B  0I
2R 2R

0I
28. In the half-space with the straight wire, B  , r is the distance from the wire. In the other half-space
2r
B  0.

0I 2
29. (a) F1   0.20 mN/m;
4R

0 I 2
(b) F1   0.13 mN/m


mg 
30. B  0.4 T
NIS

 0 2I1I2  b
31. F1  ln  1  
4 b  a

IB
32. p   0.5 kPa
a

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 PHYSICS Book Crunch (Solutions)

  pm x
33. F   0  6R 2I
 4  R 2  x 2 
5/2

1
 a3B 2  2mg sin t 
34. i  2
aB

0 aI b  a
35. q ln , i.e. is independent of L.
2R b  a

v 0 mR
36. (a) s  ,
2B 2

1
(b) Q  mv 02
2

0  a
37. L N 2a ln  1  
2  b

aB
38. I   50 A
 8a 
0  ln  2
 b 

39. Result to be proved.

V q V
40. v  , 
b m b
rB ln   r 2B 2 ln  
a a

1 rqB r
41. v  , 
2 m 2

OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES

a 
1. (a) The amplitude is equal to , and the period is T = , see Fig. 1a;
2 

(b) v x2 = 42x (a – x), see Fig. 1b.

x vx

O
x
O  2 t
(a) (b)
Fig. 1a and b

2. dP 1

dx  a 2  x 2

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Book Crunch (Solutions) PHYSICS


3. T  2  1.1 s
g    1

m
4. T  2  0.8 s
Sg 1  cos  

  
5. T  2    0.8 s, where | g  w |  g 2  w 2  2gw cos 
|g w |

 a2 
6. (a) F = mg  1  cos t  , see Fig. 2;
 g 

F
mg
1.5

1.0

0.5

0  2 t
Fig. 2

g
(b) amin   8 cm;
2

 2h  g
(c) a     1 2  20 cm
 g 
7. Let us write the motion equation in projections on the x and y axes:

   a
x   y , y   x, where  
m


8. (a) T  2  1.1 s;
3g

1
(b) E  mg  2  0.05 J
2

1 1 2
2
9. T  mg  0  m 2  0
8 12

2mg cos 
10. 0 
MR  2mR (1  sin  )

2 2mO
11.  1  1.9, where m and m are the masses of oxygen and carbon atoms.
1 mC O C

g B
12. x  1  cos t  2
, where  
 mL

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 PHYSICS Book Crunch (Solutions)


13. (a)  (0)   0 ,  (0)   2  2  0 ;


1 2  2 
(b) tn =  arc tan  n  , where n = 0, 1, 2
 2 

C 1
14. (a) I = Im sin 0t, where Im  Vm , 0  ;
L LC

Vm
(b) S  .
2

n
15. (a) tn  ;


1   
(b) tn   arc tan     n  . Here n = 0, 1, 2, . . .
   
Vm 2
16. I = Im cos(t + ), where Im  1   RC  and tan  = RC.
R

V  V12  V22 
1 2
2
17. P2   30 W
R
18. Result to be proved.
19. Results to be proved.
20. See Fig. 3.

p(x)

O x

 
x t
Fig. 3
21. See Fig. 4, for (a) and (b); see Fig. 4 for (c).
p(x)
t=0
(x)
O x

x
p(x)
T
t
(x) 2
O x

x

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Book Crunch (Solutions) PHYSICS

Fig. 4(a) and (b)


t
O
x
T
t
4
Fig. 4(c)

OPTICS
    
1. e  e  2(e  n ) n


2. (a) f   10 cm;
1  2 
12
(b) f   2.5 cm
2  1 
nf   n  1 r 2 
 , rmax  f
 n  1
3. x 1 1 .
n  1  n  1 f 2 
  n  1
n0 R
4. f   35 cm, where n0 is refractive index of water..
2  n1  n2 


5.   0.6


  
6. (a) cos    k   , k = 0, ±1, ±2, …;
 2  d
 d 1
(b)   ,  k  , k  0, 1, 2, . . .
2  4
2 x h
7.  = 0.6 m
    1


8. x   0.20 mm
2  n  n 

N
9. n = n   1.000377

2  n  1  2k  1 
10.   2.4 D, where k is the number of the bright ring.
d2

1 1  2k  R
11. r   1.3 mm, where k = 5
2 n2

b
12. b   1.0 m.
2

ATOMIC & NUCLEAR PHYSICS

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 PHYSICS Book Crunch (Solutions)

1. (a) rmin = 0.59 pm;

 2Ze 2   m 
(b) rmin    1    0.034 pm.
 T  m Li 

 Ze 2  2
2. (a) min    cot    0.23 pm;
 T  2
2
     Ze
(b) rmin  1  cosec     0.56 pm;
  2  T


Rn sin  
2 U0
3. b , where n  1 
 T
1  n 2  2n cos  
2

 b
4. (a) cos    ;
 2  R  r 

1
(b) dP  sin  d ;
2

1
(c) P 
2

 3mc 3 
5. t   2 2  ln   15 ns.
 2e  

m2c 3 r 3
6. t  13 ps
4e 4

n k
7. rn  , En  n , where n = 1, 2, ...,  
m m
ne n e
8. n  ,  , 1  B .
2mc Mn 2mc
9. n=5

R
10. v  2 = 3.1 × 106 m/s, where m is the mass of the electron.
m
11. (a) 0.285 pm, 2.53 keV, 0.65 nm;
(b) 106 pm, 6.8 eV, 0.243 m
21 2
12.  
12   22 
13. T   2  1 mc 2  0.21 MeV

A  t ln 2 
14. V    exp   = 6 L.
 A   T 
 T   A
15. t    ln  1    9.5 days.
 ln 2   q

1
16. (a) N2  t   N10 e 1t  e2t ;
 2  1

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Book Crunch (Solutions) PHYSICS

 
ln  1 

(b) tm   2 .
1   2

17. (a) N2 (t) = N10t exp (–t);

1
(b) t m 

4mM
18. (a)    0.89;
 m  M 2
2m 2
(b)   m  M  3 .
 
Here m and M are the masses of a neutron and a deuteron.

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 Chemistry
Answer Key
1. (c)
2. (c)
3. (c)
4. (d)
5. (a)
6. (a)
7. (b)
8. (c)
9. (c)
10. (a)
11. (a)
12. (d)
13. (c)
14. (b)
15. (b)
16. (d)
17. (d)
18. (b)
19. (a, b)
20. A  (P, R), B  (Q, R), C  (Q, S), D  (Q, R)
21. A  (S), B  (P), C  (Q), D  (R)
22. (6)
23. (d)
24. (c)
25. (b)
26. (d)
27. (c)
28. (c)
29. (c)
30. (b)
31. (b)

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 CHEMISTRY Book Crunch (Solutions)

32. (a, b, c, d)
33. A  (P), B  (P, Q, S), C  (Q, S), D  (Q, S)
34. (3)
35. (d)
36. (c)
37. (a, d)
38. (b)
39. (c)
40. (b)
41. (a)
42. (c)
43. (b)
44. (a)
45. (b)
46. (c)
47. (a)
48. (d)
49. (a)
50. (c)
51. (d)
52. (c)
53. (c)
54. (a)
55. (a, d)
56. (a, b, d)
57. A  (Q, S), B  (R), C  (P, T), D  (T)
58. (d)
59. (a)
60. (c)
61. (b)
62. (a)
63. (a)
64. (a)
65. (d)
66. (c)
67. (c)
68. (d)
69. (a)
70. (a)
71. (c, d)
72. (a, c, d)
73. a  (q), b  (p), c  (r), d  (s)

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Book Crunch (Solutions) CHEMISTRY

74. (6)
75. (a)
76. (b)
77. (c)
78. (b)
79. (b)
80. (a)
81. (d)
82. (c)
83. (a)
84. (a, b, c)
85. (b)
86. (c)
87. (d)
88. (a)
89. (c)
90. (c)
91. (c)
92. (b)
93. (c)
94. (a)
95. (b)
96. (a)
97. (b)
98. (d)
99. (a, c)
100. (4)
101. (b)
102. (c)
103. (a)
104. (c)
105. (d)
106. (d)
107. (c)
108. (b)
109. (a)
110. (d)
111. (c)

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 CHEMISTRY Book Crunch (Solutions)

112. (d)
113. (d)
114. (b)
115. (a)
116. (d)
117. (b)
118. (b)
119. (c)
120. (a, b, c)
121. (25)
122. (7)
123. (c)
124. (d)
125. (d)
126. (d)
127. (c)
128. (c)
129. (b)
130. (d)
131. (b)
132. (a)
133. (c)
134. (b)
135. (a)
136. (c)
137. (b)
138. (a, b, c, d)
139. (a, b, c)
140. (a)

141. (a, b)

142. (a)

143. (d)
144. (b)
145. (a)
146. (d)
147. (c)
148. (c)

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Book Crunch (Solutions) CHEMISTRY

149. (c)
150. (b)
151. (a)
152. (d)
153. (d)
154. (d)
155. (c)
156. (c)
157. (b)
158. (b)
159. (b)
160. (c)
161. (c)
162. (b)
163. (b)
164. (d)
165. (b)
166. (a)
167. (d)
168. (a)
169. (b)
170. (b)
171. (a)
172. (a)
173. (a, b, c, d)
174. (a, c)
175. a  (p), b  (r), c  (q), d  (s)
176. a  (q), b  (q), c  (p), d  (r)
177. (4)
178. (4)
179. (a)
180. (b)
181. (b)
182. (a)
183. (b)
184. (c)
185. (a)
186. (c)
187. (b)

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 Problems in Calculus

ANSWERS
1. (4) 2. (3) 3. (3) 4. (3) 5. (4)

6. (4) 7. (2) 8. (1) 9. (1, 3, 4) 10. (1, 2, 3)

11. (1, 3) 12. (1, 2, 4) 13. (1, 2, 3, 4)
14. A(r); B(s); C(q), D(p)
15. 17 16. 20 17. 1 18. (2) 19. (3)
20. (1) 21. (1) 22. (3) 23. (4) 24. (3)
25. (1, 2, 3) 26. (1, 4) 27. (1, 2, 4) 28. (1, 3)
29. A(p); B(q, r, s, t); C(q); D(r)
30. A(p); B(q); C(p); D(s)
31. A(s); B(r); C(s); D(q)
32. 31 33. 720 34. 41 35. 47 36. 38
37. (2) 38. (2) 39. (2) 40. (2) 41. (3)
42. (1) 43. (3) 44. (3) 45. (4) 46. (3)
47. (4) 48. (2) 49. (3) 50. (2, 3, 4) 51. (2, 4)
52. (1, 3, 4) 53. (2, 3) 54. (1, 2, 4) 55. (3, 4)
56. A(p, q, r, s, t); B(p, q, s, t); C(p, t); D(p, q, s, t)
57. A(s); B(p); C(r); D(q)
58. 2 59. 5 60. 11 61. 17 62. 683
63. 2 64. 200 65. 4 66. (2) 67. (3)
68. (3) 69. (4) 70. (1) 71. (4) 72. (4)
73. (4) 74. (3) 75. (2, 3, 4) 76. (1, 2, 4)
77. A(r); B(p); C(s); D(q)
78. 300 79. 0 80. (3) 81. (1) 82. (2)
83. (1) 84. (1) 85. (1) 86. (1, 4) 87. 12
88. 2 89. (1) 90. (2) 91. (1) 92. (1)
93. (2) 94. (3) 95. (3) 96. (2) 97. (3)
98. (3) 99. (4) 100. (2) 101. (3) 102. (3, 4)

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Book Crunch (Answers) MATHEMATICS

103. (1, 2, 4) 104. (2, 3, 4)

105. A(r, s); B(p, r); C(q, r); D(r)
106. 1 107. 3 108. 43 109. 13 110. 1
111. 9 112. (4) 113. (3) 114. (2) 115. (2)
116. (3) 117. (4) 118. (3) 119. (4) 120. (1, 3, 4)
121. (1, 3) 122. (1) 123. (1, 2, 3, 4)
124. A(p, r); B(p, q, r); C(r, s); d(p, q)
125. 9 126. 1 127. 13 128. 3 129. (2)
130. (1) 131. (1) 132. (1) 133. (2) 134. (2)
135. (2) 136. (1) 137. (1, 2, 4) 138. (1, 2, 3) 139. 9
140. (3) 141. (1) 142. (3) 143. (4) 144. (1)
145. (2) 146. (3) 147. (1, 2, 3, 4) 148. 4 149. 4

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