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Cell Critical Reading

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9 views

Cell Critical Reading

Uploaded by

27.joel.choi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Joel Class: G Date Sep 5 2024

Read these passages from the text and answer the ques ons that follow.

Two Types of Cells There is another basic cell structure that is present in many but not all living cells:
the nucleus. The nucleus of a cell is a structure in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by a membrane
(the nuclear membrane) and contains DNA. Based on whether they have a nucleus, there are two
basic types of cells: prokaryo c cells and eukaryo c cells. Prokaryo c Cells Prokaryo c cells are cells
without a nucleus. The DNA in prokaryo c cells is in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed within a
nuclear membrane. Prokaryo c cells are found in single-celled organisms, such as bacteria.
Organisms with prokaryo c cells are called prokaryotes. They were the rst type of organisms to
evolve and are s ll the most common organisms today. Eukaryo c Cells Eukaryo c cells are cells that
contain a nucleus. Eukaryo c cells are usually larger than prokaryo c cells, and they are found mainly
in mul cellular organisms. Organisms with eukaryo c cells are called eukaryotes, and they range
from fungi to people. Eukaryo c cells also contain other organelles besides the nucleus. An organelle
is a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a speci c job in the cell. Organelles called
mitochondria, for example, provide energy to the cell, and organelles called vacuoles store
substances in the cell. Organelles allow eukaryo c cells to carry out more func ons than prokaryo c
cells can. Viruses: Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes? Viruses are ny par cles that may cause disease.
Human diseases caused by viruses include the common cold and u. Do you think viruses are
prokaryotes or eukaryotes? The answer may surprise you. Viruses are not cells at all, so they are
neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes. Viruses contain DNA but not much else. They lack the other
parts shared by all cells, including a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. Therefore, viruses
are not cells, but are they alive? All living things not only have cells; they are also capable of
reproduc on. Viruses cannot reproduce by themselves. Instead, they infect living hosts, and use the
hosts’ cells to make copies of their own DNA. For these reasons, most scien sts do not consider
viruses to be living things.

Ques ons 1. What is one main di erence between prokaryo c and eukaryo c cells?
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus while eukaryotes do. Also, the DNA is located in the cytoplasm for
prokaryotes and the DNA is enclosed in the nuclear membrane for eukaryotes.

2. Give an example of a prokaryo c organism.


An example of a prokaryote is bacteria.

3. What is an organelle? Give three examples.


An organelle is basically small organs of a cell. It is in the cytoplasm of a cell that performs a speci c
job. Some examples of organelles are the nucleus, ERs, and ribosomes.

4. Describe the nucleus. What can be found inside the nucleus?


The nucleus is a structure in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Inside the
nucleus, DNA can be found, which contains the genetic material of the cell.

5. Are viruses alive? Discuss why or why not.


Viruses are not considered alive (even though they contain DNA) since it lacks essen al cell
components such as plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. They also cannot reproduce on
their own.
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