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W4 Computer Interconnection Structures, Bus Interconnection, PCI - PPT

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5 views

W4 Computer Interconnection Structures, Bus Interconnection, PCI - PPT

Uploaded by

shirokorigawa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 4

COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION
STRUCTURES, BUS
INTERCONNECTION, PCI
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson the learner will be able to:


Define computer interconnection structures
Describe the bus interconnection
Know the 3 types of a bus structure
Define the PCI
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES

A computer consists of a set of components or modules of three


basic types (processor, memory, I/O) that communicate with each
other. In effect, a computer is a network of basic modules. Thus,
there must be paths for connecting the modules. The collection of
paths connecting the various modules is called
the interconnection structure. The design of this structure will
depend on the exchanges that must be made among modules.
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES


Figure below suggests the types of exchanges that are needed by indicating the major forms of input and output for
each module type.
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES

• MEMORY
• I/O MODULE
• PROCESSOR
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES

Memory to processor: The processor reads an instruction or a unit of data


from memory.
• Processor to memory: The processor writes a unit of data to memory.
• I/O to processor:The processor reads data from an I/O device via an I/O
module.
• Processor to I/O: The processor sends data to the I/O device.
• I/O to or from memory: For these two cases, an I/O module is allowed to
exchange data directly with memory, without going through the processor,
using direct memory access (DMA).
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

BUS INTERCONNECTION

• A bus is a communication pathway connecting two


or more devices
• It is a shared transmission medium
• A bus consists of multiple pathways or lines
• A bus that connects major components (CPU,
Memory, I/O) is called System Bus.
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

BUS STRUCTURE

Each line is assigned a particular meaning or function.


The lines can be classified into 3 functional groups
• Data line
• Address line
• Control line
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

DATA LINE

• Provide a path for moving data between system


modules.
• These lines, collectively, are called the data bus
• Data bus may consist of from 32 to 100 separated line
• Each line can carry only one bit at a time
• Number of line in the bus determine the data rate and
overall the system performance
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

ADDRESS LINE

• Used to designate the source or


destination of the data on the data bus
• The width of the address bus determines
the maximum possible memory capacity
of the system.
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

CONTROL LINE

• Used to control the access to and the use of the


data and address lines
• Since the data and the address line shared by all
the components, there must be a means of
controlling their use
• Control signal transmit both commands and
timing information between the modules
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

CONTROL LINE
Typical control lines include
1. Memory write
2. Memory read
3. I/O write
4. I/O read
5. Clock
6. Reset
7. Bus request
8. Bus grant
9. Interrupt request
10. Interrupt ACK
11. Transfer ACK
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

PCI
Stands for "Peripheral Component Interconnect." PCI is a hardware bus used for adding
internal components to a desktop computer. For example, a PCI card can be inserted
into a PCI slot on a motherboard, providing additional I/O ports on the back of a
computer.
The PCI architecture, also known as "conventional PCI," was designed by Intel and
introduced in 1992. Many desktop PCs from the early 1990s to the mid 2000s had room
for two to five PCI cards.
Each card required an open slot on the motherboard and a removable panel on the
back of the system unit. Adding PCI cards was an easy way to upgrade a computer,
since you could add a better video card, faster wired or wireless networking, or add
new ports, like USB 2.0.
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

PCI

These specifications represent the most common version of PCI used in


normal PCs:
• 33.33 MHz clock with synchronous transfers
• Peak transfer rate of 133 MB/s (133 megabytes per second) for 32-bit bus
width (33.33 MHz × 32 bits ÷ 8 bits/byte = 133 MB/s)
• 32-bit bus width
• 32- or 64-bit memory address space (4 gigabytes or 16 exabytes)
• 32-bit I/O port space
• 256-byte (per device) configuration space
• 5-volt signaling
• Reflected-wave switching
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

CARD VOLTAGE AND KEYING

Typical PCI cards have either one or two key notches,


depending on their signaling voltage. Cards requiring
3.3 volts have a notch 56.21 mm from the card backplate;
those requiring 5 volts have a notch 104.47 mm from the
backplate. This allows cards to be fitted only into slots with
a voltage they support. "Universal cards" accepting either
voltage have both key notches.
Week 4: COMPUTER INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURES, BUS INTERCONNECTION, PCI

REFERENCES

http://tutorialbyte.com/2016/01/28/interconnection-
structures/
http://casem3.blogspot.com/2016/08/bus-
interconnection.html
https://techterms.com/definition/pci
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_PCI#PCI_
bus_transactions

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