SANDIA REPORT

SAND2002-3778
Unlimited Release
Printed November 2002

Neutron Contribution to CaF2: Mn

Thermoluminescent Dosimeter
Response in Mixed (n/g) Field
Environments

K. Russell DePriest

Prepared by
Sandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550
Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation,
a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of
Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

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 SAND2002-3778
Unlimited Release
Printed November 2002

Neutron Contribution to CaF2:Mn Thermoluminescent Dosimeter

Response in Mixed (n/γγ) Field Environments

K. Russell DePriest
Applied Nuclear Technologies
Sandia National Laboratories
P.O. Box 5800
Albuquerque, NM 87185-1146

Abstract

Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), particularly CaF2:Mn, are often used as photon

dosimeters in mixed (n/γ) field environments. In these mixed field environments, it is desirable
to separate the photon response of a dosimeter from the neutron response. For passive
dosimeters that measure an integral response, such as TLDs, the separation of the two
components must be performed by post-experiment analysis because the TLD reading system
cannot distinguish between photon and neutron produced response. Using a model of an
aluminum-equilibrated TLD-400 chip, a systematic effort has been made to analytically
determine the various components that contribute to the neutron response of a TLD reading. The
calculations were performed for five measured reactor neutron spectra and one theoretical
thermal neutron spectrum. The five measured reactor spectra all have dosimetry quality
experimental values for aluminum-equilibrated TLD-400 chips. Calculations were used to
determined the percentage of the total TLD response produced by neutron interactions in the
TLD and aluminum equilibrator. These calculations will aid the Sandia National Laboratories-
Radiation Metrology Laboratory (SNL-RML) in the interpretation of the uncertainty for TLD
dosimetry measurements in the mixed field environments produced by SNL reactor facilities.

3
 LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

4
 CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..........................................................................................8

1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................9

2. GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL COMPOSITION ...................................10

3. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM VARIOUS COMPONENTS......................12

3.1 Direct Neutron Kerma ...................................................................................12
3.2 Secondary γ Dose ..........................................................................................13
3.3 Dose from TLD Activation Products .........................................................14
3.4 Dose From Aluminum Activation Products ............................................16
3.5 Dose From Charged Particles Produced By High
Energy Neutrons ............................................................................................16
4. SUMMARY............................................................................................................17

5. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................21

6. REFERENCES .....................................................................................................22
APPENDIX A – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for Neutron Kerma and
Secondary γ Kerma – ACF9 Neutron Spectrum....................................................23

APPENDIX B – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for TLD Activation Dose

from β -Decay – 20F ........................................................................................................31

APPENDIX C – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for TLD Activation Dose

from Delayed γ’s After β -Decay – F .......................................................................32
20

APPENDIX D – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for TLD Activation Dose

from Internal Bremsstrahlung After β -Decay – 20F...............................................33

APPENDIX E – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for Aluminum Activation

Dose from β -Decay – 28Al ............................................................................................34

APPENDIX F – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for Aluminum Activation

Dose from Delayed γ’s After β -Decay – Al ...........................................................35
28

APPENDIX G – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for TLD Activation Dose

from Internal Bremsstrahlung After β -Decay – 28Al .............................................36

5
 TABLES

Table 1: Typical Al6061 Aluminum Alloy Composition .....................11

Table 2: Typical TLD-400 (CaF2:Mn) Composition............................12

Table 3: Direct and Effective Neutron Kerma in TLD-400 ................13

Table 4: Secondary γ Dose in CaF2:Mn TLDs .....................................14

Table 5: Activation Product Dose From CaF2:Mn TLDs....................15

Table 6: Activation Product Dose From Aluminum Equilibrator .....16

Table 7: Charged Particle Dose from Aluminum Equilibrator..........17

Table 8: Summary Table for Neutron Contributions to

CaF2:Mn TLD Dose .....................................................................18

Table 9: Summary of ACF9 Dosimetry Shot........................................19

Table 10: Summary of SPR3CC Dosimetry Shot ................................19

Table 11: Summary of WB7 Dosimetry Shot .......................................20

Table 12: Summary of SPR_80a3 Dosimetry Shot ..............................20

Table 13: Summary of FRECIIp6 Dosimetry Shot..............................21

6
 FIGURES

Figure 1: Differential Number Spectra for the 6 Neutron

Environments. ..............................................................................10

Figure 2: Lethargy Plot for the 6 Neutron Environments. .................10

Figure 3: The Effective Neutron Kerma for CaF2:Mn TLDs. ............13

Figure 4: Schematic of 19O β -decay process. ........................................15

7
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), particularly CaF2:Mn, are often used as photon

dosimeters in mixed (n/γ) field environments. It has always been assumed that the neutron
contribution to the dosimeter response was a small portion of the total. As the quantification of
uncertainties in dose measurements becomes more urgent, there is a need to quantify the neutron
component of the TLD response for the primary environments that customers use at Sandia
National Laboratories (SNL) reactor facilities. The separation of the n/γ components must be
performed by post-experiment analysis because the TLD reading system cannot distinguish
between photon and neutron produced response. Using a model of an aluminum-equilibrated
TLD-400 chip, a systematic effort has been made to analytically determine the various
components that contribute to the neutron response of a TLD reading. The calculations were
performed for five measured reactor neutron spectra and one theoretical thermal neutron
spectrum. The five measured reactor spectra all have dosimetry quality experimental values for
aluminum-equilibrated TLD-400 chips. The calculations were used to determine (a posteriori)
the percentage of the total TLD response produced by neutron interactions in the TLD and
aluminum equilibrator. For all but one of the reactor environments, the neutron component of
the TLD response falls within the 5-12% uncertainty in the reading of the TLD crystal. These
calculations will aid the SNL-Radiation Metrology Laboratory (SNL-RML) in the interpretation
of the uncertainty for TLD photon dosimetry measurements in the mixed field environments
produced by SNL reactor facilities.

8
1. INTRODUCTION

The response of CaF2:Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) due to the neutron component of
a mixed (n/γ) field environment is difficult to separate from the response that is attributable to the
photon dose. In a systematic manner, an effort has been made to determine the various
components that contribute to the neutron response of a TLD reading. The contributors
identified for an aluminum equilibrated CaF2:Mn TLD in this process are given by the following
list: (1) the direct neutron kerma within the TLD; (2) the dose from secondary γ’s produced by
reactions in both the aluminum equilibrator and the TLD material; (3) the dose contribution from
the activation products created in the TLD material; (4) the dose contribution for the activation
products created in the aluminum equilibrator; and (5) the dose from charged particles produced
by high energy neutron reactions in the aluminum equilibrator.

Six separate neutron fields were considered in the evaluation of each of the different contributors
to the neutron response. These reactor fields consist of a pool-type reactor cavity (ACF9), a hard
spectrum from the cavity of a fast burst reactor (SPR3CC), a moderated spectrum representative
of a water bucket in a pool-type cavity (WB7), a leakage spectrum from a fast burst reactor
(SPR_80a3), and an extremely moderated spectrum representative of a polyethylene bucket in a
pool-type reactor (FRECIIp6). These five reactor fields are described in Reference [Gr94]. The
final spectrum was a theoretical Maxwellian thermal neutron beam at a temperature of 20o C.
The six spectra are displayed in Figures 1-2. Figure 1 is a standard plot of the differential
number spectra (dN/dE) while Figure 2 is a lethargy plot (dE/dE) where equal areas under the
curve represent equal numbers of neutrons. Figure 2 demonstrates the considerable diversity of
neutron spectra that can be produced within the SNL reactor facilities. It also shows that it
would be difficult to assign a reliable value for the neutron contribution to a CaF2:Mn TLD
response for an unknown neutron spectrum because the neutron energy spectrum determines both
the kerma and the activation products produced in the TLD.

The five measured reactor spectra all have dosimetry quality experimental values of the total
response for aluminum-equilibrated TLD-400 chips in these fields. The calculations were used
to determine (a posteriori) the percentage of the total TLD response produced by neutron
interactions in the TLD and aluminum equilibrator. The Maxwellian thermal calculation was
included to assess the effect of a pure thermal neutron beam on the overall TLD response, but
there are no experimental values for comparison to these results at the present time. These
calculations will aid the Sandia National Laboratories-Radiation Metrology Laboratory (SNL-
RML) in the quantification of the uncertainty for TLD dosimetry measurements in the mixed
field environments produced by SNL reactor facilities.

9
 102

101
SPR3CC - SPRIII Central Cavity
100 ACF9 - ACRR Central Cavity
WB7 - ACRR Water Bucket
Differential Number Spectrum [Φ(E)] 10-1 FRECIIp6 - ACRR Poly Bucket
SPR_80a3 - SPRIII Leakage
10-2
Maxwellian Thermal
10-3

10-4

10-5

10-6

10-7

10-8

10-9

10-10

10-11

10-12

10-13

10-14
10-10 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101

Energy (MeV)
Figure 1: Differential Number Spectra for the 6 Neutron Environments.

0.6

SPR3CC -- SPRIII Central Cavity

ACF9 - ACRR Central Cavity
WB7 - ACRR Water Bucket
0.5
FRECIIp6 - ACRR Poly Bucket
SPR_80a3 - SPRIII Leakage
Maxwellian Thermal

0.4
dE/dE

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
10-10 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101

Energy (MeV)
Figure 2: Lethargy Plot for the 6 Neutron Environments.

2. GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL COMPOSITION

A nominal SNL-RML aluminum-equilibrated TLD-400 chip was modeled. Both the aluminum
equilibrator and the TLD-400 chip are represented as rectangular boxes in the model. A cavity is
created in the aluminum equilibrator to accommodate the TLD-400 chip. The dimensions for
10
aluminum equilibrator are 0.8 cm x 0.8 cm x 0.5461 cm. The dimensions of the TLD-400 chip
are 0.3 cm x 0.3 cm x 0.0889 cm. The total volume of the equilibrator is 0.341503 cm3 while the
TLD chip has a volume of 8.001x10-3 cm3.

The aluminum equilibrator was assumed to be composed of the Al6061 alloy of aluminum. A
typical composition for the Al6061 aluminum alloy is found in Table 1. The composition of the
TLD-400 is CaF2 doped with Mn to provide the thermoluminescent centers or “traps.” The
weight percent of Mn for typical TLD-400 chips was determined by neutron activation analysis
(NAA) performed at the SNL-RML. The Ca and F weight percentages were then determined by
stoichiometric calculations. Table 2 shows the results of the NAA and the stoichiometric
calculations of the material composition of CaF2:Mn TLD-400 chips. The density of the
aluminum was assumed to be 2.71 g/cm3. The density of the CaF2:Mn chip was assumed to be
3.10 g/cm3.

Table 1: Typical Al6061 Aluminum Alloy Composition

Element Weight Percent (%) Isotopes Relative Abundance
28
Silicon 0.60 Si 0.9227
29
Si 0.0468
30
Si 0.0305
55
Manganese 0.15 Mn 1.0000
63
Copper 0.27 Cu 0.6910
65
Cu 0.3090
24
Magnesium 1.00 Mg 0.7899
25
Mg 0.1000
26
Mg 0.1101
46
Titanium 0.15 Ti 0.0800
47
Ti 0.0750
48
Ti 0.7370
49
Ti 0.0550
50
Ti 0.0530
64
Zinc 0.25 Zn 0.4890
66
Zn 0.2780
67
Zn 0.0410
68
Zn 0.1860
70
Zn 0.0062
50
Chromium 0.20 Cr 0.0435
52
Cr 0.8379
53
Cr 0.0950
54
Cr 0.0236
54
Iron 0.70 Fe 0.0584
56
Fe 0.9168
57
Fe 0.0217
58
Fe 0.0031
27
Aluminum 96.68 Al 1.0000

11
Table 2: Typical TLD-400 (CaF2:Mn) Composition
Element Weight Percent (%) Isotopes Relative Abundance
40
Calcium 50.46 Ca 0.96940
42
Ca 0.00650
43
Ca 0.00140
44
Ca 0.02080
48
Ca 0.00190
19
Fluorine 47.84 F 1.00000
55
Manganese 1.70 Mn 1.00000

3. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM VARIOUS COMPONENTS

3.1 Direct Neutron Kerma

In a mixed field environment, neutron interactions produce charged particles that deposit energy
directly in the dosimeter material. The neutron kerma is determined by calculation and is
equivalent to the absorbed dose when charged particle equilibrium (CPE) has been established.
Using an MCNP4C2 [Br00] model of an aluminum-equilibrated TLD-400 chip, the neutron
kerma was calculated using the internal MCNP kerma response for the TLD material. In using
the kerma for the calculations, the escape of charged particles produced in the TLD material was
neglected. This approximation was deemed valid based on the range of the protons and α-
particles produced in the TLD material. Since the range of the charged particles produced in the
volume is small compared to the dimensions of the TLD-400 chip, the amount of energy of the
charged particles leaving the volume is much smaller than the total energy deposited by those
charged particles. Thus, the calculated kerma was assumed to be equal to the absorbed neutron
dose. Although these charged particles are neglected in the TLD calculation, the energy
deposited by the charged particles produced in the aluminum equilibrator is calculated below.
This calculation is included because the energy deposited by the charged particles produced in
the equilibrator and transported into the TLD is unaccounted for in any of the other calculations.

The calculated kerma corresponds to the actual energy deposited within the TLD by the neutrons
in the spectra that were examined. The TLD, however, does not respond to the neutron
ionization with the same efficiency as it does to photon irradiation. The neutron ionization is
produced by intermediate neutron-induced charged particles and recoiling nuclei. The charged
particles have a high linear energy transfer (LET), and high LET ionization is less efficient in
populating the thermoluminescent traps that are emptied during the heating in a normal TLD
reading. The efficiency of neutron ionization in populating the traps is dependent upon the
energy of the neutrons because the LET changes rapidly for the spectra of neutron-induced
charged particles and the recoiling nuclei. Thus, an energy-dependent effective neutron kerma in
the TLD material was added as an external response for the MCNP calculation. The energy-
dependent effective neutron kerma for CaF2:Mn was a composite of the response from Henninger
response [He82] at high energies and Rinard response [Ri79] at low energies. The transition
between the two functions begins at 1.3125E+04 eV and concludes at 1.0750E+03 eV. The
transition used an average of the two responses and gave each response equal weight. The two
functions and the composite are displayed below in Figure 3. The kerma and effective kerma for

12
all the neutron spectra are found in Table 3. [NOTE: The number of digits in the tables below do
not represent the precision of the quantities. The digits are given to aid in reproducibility and to
provide an auditable record of the origin of the numbers.]

1e-9

Rinard
Henniger
1e-10
Combination
Effective Kerma in TLD-400 (rad[CaF2:Mn])

1e-11

1e-12

1e-13

1e-14

1e-15

1e-16
1e-4 1e-3 1e-2 1e-1 1e+0 1e+1 1e+2 1e+3 1e+4 1e+5 1e+6 1e+7 1e+8

Energy (eV)
Figure 3: The Effective Neutron Kerma for CaF2:Mn TLDs.

Table 3: Direct and Effective Neutron Kerma in TLD-400

Neutron Spectrum Direct Neutron Effective Neutron TLD Efficiency
Kerma Kerma
2
Rad[TLD]/(n/cm ) Rad[TLD]/(n/cm2) %
ACF9 6.39044E-11 6.55665E-12 10.26
SPR3CC 1.23388E-10 1.33989E-11 10.86
WB7 4.22488E-11 4.50463E-12 10.66
SPR_80a3 8.04630E-11 8.77258E-12 10.90
FRECIIp6 2.51732E-11 3.22609E-12 12.82
Maxwellian Thermal 4.25488E-13 8.07201E-14 18.97

Table 3 demonstrates that the neutron induced charged particles are much less efficient at
populating the thermoluminescent traps. For the measured reactor spectra, the efficiency of
converting neutron induced ionization into TLD response is between 10-13%. As the neutron
spectrum becomes more thermal, the efficiency of this process increases to about 19%.

3.2 Secondary γ Dose

Secondary γ’s produced in the aluminum equilibrator and the TLD-400 material are another
contributor to the overall neutron response of CaF2:Mn TLDs. These γ’s are produced by
neutron capture and inelastic scattering events in the equilibrated TLD. It is generally believed
that the photons that are created in the equilibrated TLD do not deposit a large amount of energy
13
in the TLD crystal. However, the TLD does respond to the secondary γ ionization with the same
efficiency as it does to direct γ radiation. To determine the contribution of secondary γ’s to the
total TLD response, the secondary γ dose in the TLD was determined during the same
calculations for the neutron kerma and effective neutron kerma. The results of these calculations
are displayed in Table 4. Note that the secondary γ dose is directly related to both the neutron
fluence and energy spectrum of the neutrons. This is demonstrated by the increased dose in the
extremely moderated WB7, FRECIIp6, and Maxwellian thermal spectra and the decreased dose
for the hard SPR3CC spectrum.

Table 4: Secondary γ Dose in CaF2:Mn TLDs

Neutron Spectrum Secondary γ Dose
Rad[TLD]/(n/cm2)
ACF9 2.81646E-12
SPR3CC 2.76820E-12
WB7 5.69136E-12
SPR_80a3 2.81248E-12
FRECIIp6 1.08586E-11
Maxwellian Thermal 2.63548E-11

3.3 Dose from TLD Activation Products

The neutron interactions within the TLD produce radioactive atoms in the crystal itself. In most
cases, β-decay is the most prominent decay mode for these radioactive atoms. Since direct γ
interactions produce ionizations (electrons) that are converted to TLD response (light output), it
is assumed that the β’s create ionizations and TLD response in an identical manner. A
radioactive atom that undergoes transformation by β-decay deposits energy in the surrounding
matter by three main mechanisms. The first mechanism is the ionization created by the β-
particle in the material. The second mechanism is the energy deposited by the decay γ’s that
result from the decay process leaving the residual nucleus in an excited state. The third
mechanism is the energy deposited by the internal bremsstrahlung (IB) or x-ray production that
accompanies β-decay. Using the β-decay of 19O, Figure 4 shows the mechanisms that are
described above for the energy released during a β-decay. In Figure 4, <β-> represents the
average energy of the β-decay spectrum, <IB> represents the average energy of the internal
bremsstrahlung continuum, and <γ> represents the average of the resulting discrete γ-rays in the
decay process.

The ANITA [Po92] code was used to calculate the time-dependent activation products in
CaF2:Mn TLDs for an exposure to a neutron flux of 1014 n/cm2-s for 10-4 seconds for each of the
six neutron spectra. The ANITA output was examined for the isotopes that could make the
largest contributions to the activation dose based on the number of atoms/cm3 created and the
half-life of the isotope. Four isotopes were identified as the largest contributors based on these
criteria: 16N, 19O, 20F, and 56Mn.

14
 19
O
<β->=1742 keV

<ΙΒ>=5.6 keV

19*
F
<γ>=932 keV
19
F

Figure 4: Schematic of 19O β-decay process.

The first three isotopes (16N, 19O, and 20F) are short-lived with the longest half-life being 27.08
seconds. These isotopes deposit all their energy within the TLD within the first hour after
irradiation. The fourth isotope (56Mn) has a half-life of 2.578 hours, so the majority of its dose is
delivered in the first day. Using Reference [Br86] for the energy spectra of the β’s, the energy
spectra of the decay γ’s, and the energy spectra of the internal bremsstrahlung photons, four
separate calculations were performed to determine the average energy deposition per decay for
each isotope. The first calculation involved β’s less than 100 keV and assumed all the energy of
these β-particles was deposited in the TLD. The 100 keV cutoff was selected because the range
of an electron below 100 keV is less than the average dimension of the TLD-400 chip. Using the
β-spectrum (above 100 keV) from Reference [Br86], a uniform source of β’s for each isotope
was placed into MCNP and the average energy deposited in the TLD per decay was calculated.
The results of these two calculations were added together to get a total energy deposited by β-
particles per decay. Next, a similar calculation was performed for the γ-rays that result from β-
decay process. Finally, a calculation was performed for the internal bremsstrahlung photons that
are produced as a result of β-decay. Thus, for each process from the decay of the activation
products that can deposit energy, an average energy deposited in the TLD per decay was
calculated and multiplied by the total number of decays that resulted from the reference
irradiation. The results of these calculations were summed and are displayed for the three
environments and at three different times (1 hour, 1 day, and 1 week) in Table 5. The β-decay
process accounts for ~97% of the energy deposited by the activation products while the γ-rays
represents ~3%. The energy deposited by IB represents for less than 0.04% of the total energy
deposited by the activation products.

Table 5: Activation Product Dose From CaF2:Mn TLDs

Neutron Spectrum TLD Activation Dose TLD Activation Dose TLD Activation Dose
@ 1 hour @ 1 day @ 1 week
2 2
Rad[TLD]/(n/cm ) Rad[TLD]/(n/cm ) Rad[TLD]/(n/cm2)
ACF9 7.31290E-13 1.72842E-12 1.73048E-12
SPR3CC 5.92967E-13 6.00371E-13 6.00386E-13
WB7 1.35916E-12 4.14268E-12 4.14843E-12
SPR_80a3 1.09646E-12 1.28117E-12 1.28241E-12
FRECIIp6 6.40887E-12 8.33465E-12 8.34672E-12
Maxwellian Thermal 4.14874E-12 1.47545E-11 1.47764E-11
15
3.4 Dose From Aluminum Activation Products

In addition to producing activation products in the TLD, the neutrons activate atoms in the
aluminum equilibrator. For the activation products in the aluminum, a calculation very similar to
that for activation in the TLD was performed. An ANITA calculation was used to determine the
time-dependent activation products in CaF2:Mn TLDs for an exposure to a neutron flux of 1014
n/cm2-s for 10-4 seconds for each of the six neutron spectra. The ANITA output was examined
for the isotopes that could make the largest contributions to the activation dose based on the
number of atoms/cm3 created and the half-life of the isotope. There were twelve isotopes (24Na,
25
Na, 27Mg, 28Al, 31Si, 47Sc, 51Ti, 52V, 55Cr, 56Mn, 64Cu, and 66Cu) identified in the ANITA output
as being major contributors to the activation dose from the aluminum equilibrator.

For each of the twelve isotopes, a β-source uniformly distributed throughout the aluminum
equilibrator with the energy spectrum from Reference [Br86] was used to calculate the energy
deposited in the TLD by the β-particles. A similar calculation was performed for the γ-rays that
result from the β-decay process. A calculation of the energy deposited by the internal
bremsstrahlung from each β-decay was also performed. The results of the these three
calculations were combined. Thus, for each process from the decay of the activation products
that can deposit energy, an average energy deposited in the TLD per decay was calculated and
multiplied by the total number of decays that resulted from the reference irradiation. The results
of these calculations were summed and are displayed for the six environments and at three
different times (1 hour, 1 day, and 1 week) in Table 6. Note that the dose from the activation of
the aluminum equilibrator is larger than the contribution of the neutron kerma for all the spectra
except those from the SPR-III reactor. This is most likely due to the fact that the SPR-III spectra
have a higher average neutron energy and will not produce as much activation in the aluminum
equilibrator as the ACRR reactor spectra. Also, note that majority of the activation dose is
deposited within the first hour after the irradiation.

Table 6: Activation Product Dose From Aluminum Equilibrator

Neutron Spectrum Al Activation Al Activation Al Activation
Dose @ 1 hour Dose @ 1 day Dose @ 1 week
Rad[TLD]/(n/cm2) Rad[TLD]/(n/cm2) Rad[TLD]/(n/cm2)
ACF9 1.40709E-11 1.44483E-11 1.44638E-11
SPR3CC 1.26622E-12 1.33120E-12 1.35931E-12
WB7 4.07741E-11 4.17681E-11 4.17845E-11
SPR_80a3 8.50201E-12 8.75160E-12 8.77071E-12
FRECIIp6 8.97118E-11 9.17657E-11 9.17868E-11
Maxwellian Thermal 1.65714E-10 1.65803E-10 1.65821E-10

3.5 Dose From Charged Particles Produced By High Energy Neutrons

The dose contribution of the charged particles produced in the aluminum equilibrator was
calculated by using bounding approximations. First, since the aluminum equilbrator is made up
of 96.68% aluminum (by mass), it is assumed that all of the charged particles are produced by
reactions in 27Al. Next, an energy of 8 MeV was assumed to be the highest energy neutron in the

16
three spectra. This approximation was determined to account for more 99.75% of the total
neutrons in the spectra. Next, Q-values of -2 MeV and -3 MeV were assumed for the 27Al(n, p)
and 27Al(n, α) reactions respectively. Thus, the highest energy protons produced would be 6
MeV, and the highest energy α-particles produced would be 5 MeV. These energies were used
to determine a range of the charged produced from Reference [ICRU]. The range for a 6 MeV
proton was determined to be 0.026096 cm while a 5 MeV α-particle has a range of 2.14945x10-3
cm. The ranges were then used to determine the total volume of the equilibrator that can produce
charged particles that deposit energy in the TLD.

The resulting volume of the aluminum equilibrator was divided into 6 regions based on a
continuous slowing down approximation for the protons. The protons from the region farthest
from the TLD were assumed to deposit 1 MeV in the TLD while those from the region closest to
the TLD were assumed to deposit 6 MeV (highest energy possible for the particle) in the TLD.
The regions between the extremes were assumed to deposit 2, 3, 4, and 5 MeV respectively. The
results of these bounding calculations are shown in Table 7.

Table 7: Charged Particle Dose from Aluminum Equilibrator

Neutron Spectrum Proton Dose α-Particle Dose Total Dose
2
Rad[TLD]/(n/cm ) Rad[TLD]/(n/cm2) Rad[TLD]/(n/cm2)
ACF9 5.93245E-13 1.01427E-14 6.03387E-13
SPR3CC 1.28723E-12 7.83688E-14 1.36559E-12
WB7 5.18298E-13 8.54679E-15 5.26845E-13
SPR_80a3 1.55563E-12 1.32578E-14 1.56889E-12
FRECIIp6 8.64939E-13 8.18835E-15 8.73128E-13
Maxwellian Thermal 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00

The volume of aluminum that was determined by the α-particle range was determined to
produce less than 490 α-particles/(1010 n/cm2) for all six neutron spectra and only half of these
are assumed to deposit energy in the TLD. Since there are so few produced, all the α-particles
that deposit energy are assumed to deposit 5 MeV (highest energy possible for the particle) in the
TLD. The results of these bounding calculations are found in Table 7. Note that the doses
contributed by α-particles are about an order of magnitude lower than those contributed by
protons. Also, note that the total contribution to the TLD dose by the charged particles is the
smallest of the five contributions that were considered for all of the neutron spectra except those
from the SPR-III reactor.

4. SUMMARY

Table 8 summarizes all of the various components that were considered in the above analysis.
The results in Table 8 also show the time dependence of the neutron contribution with time
points at 1 hour, 1 day, and 1 week. The results displayed in Table 8 were used to perform an
analysis on the dosimetry shots that were used to produce the reactor spectra. The post-
experiment analysis of the dosimetry shots used either the neutron fluence given in Reference
[Gr94] or was calculated from information given in Reference [Gr94]. The analysis assumed that
the TLD-400 chips were read 1 day after the irradiation. The results of these post-experiment
analyses are found in Tables 9-13. Note that the largest contribution (~13%) from neutrons was
17
18
EFFECT ACF9 SPR3CC WB7 SPR_80a3 FRECIIp6 Maxwellian
Thermal
Direct 1n:

Kerma 6.39044E-11 1.23388E-10 4.22488E-11 8.04630E-11 2.51732E-11 4.25488E-13

Effective Kerma 6.55665E-12 1.33989E-11 4.50463E-12 8.77258E-12 3.22609E-12 8.07201E-14

Secondary γ 2.81646E-12 2.76820E-12 5.69136E-12 2.81248E-12 1.08586E-11 2.63548E-11

TLD Activation

1 hour 7.31290E-13 5.92967E-13 1.35916E-12 1.09646E-12 6.40887E-12 4.14874E-12

1 day 1.72842E-12 6.00371E-13 4.14268E-12 1.28117E-12 8.33465E-12 1.47545E-11

1 week 1.73048E-12 6.00386E-13 4.14843E-12 1.28241E-12 8.34672E-12 1.47764E-11

uncertainty for all but the FRECIIp6 spectrum.

Aluminum Activation

1 hour 1.40709E-11 1.26622E-12 4.07741E-11 8.50201E-12 8.97118E-11 1.65714E-10

1 day 1.44483E-11 1.33120E-12 4.17681E-11 8.75160E-12 9.17657E-11 1.65803E-10

1 week 1.44638E-11 1.35931E-12 4.17845E-11 8.77071E-12 9.17868E-11 1.65821E-10

Charged Particles

Protons 5.93245E-13 1.28723E-12 5.18298E-13 1.55563E-12 8.64939E-13 0.00000E+00

Table 8: Summary Table for Neutron Contributions to CaF2:Mn TLD Dose

α-Particles 1.01427E-14 7.83688E-14 8.54679E-15 1.32578E-14 8.18835E-15 0.00000E+00

Total Charged Particle 6.03387E-13 1.36559E-12 5.26845E-13 1.56889E-12 8.73128E-13 0.00000E+00

TOTAL for 1 hour 2.47787E-11 1.93919E-11 5.28561E-11 2.27524E-11 1.11078E-10 1.96298E-10

TOTAL for 1 day 2.61532E-11 1.94643E-11 5.66336E-11 2.31867E-11 1.15058E-10 2.06993E-10

statistics of the reading), so the neutron contribution to the TLD response is within that
the FRECIIp6 spectrum. Of the experimental spectra that were studied, the FRECIIp6 spectrum
was the most moderated. The uncertainty in a TLD reading is typically 4-12% (based on the

TOTAL for 1 week 2.61708E-11 1.94924E-11 5.66557E-11 2.32071E-11 1.15091E-10 2.07033E-10

For ACF9 Dosimetry Shot (See Reference [Gr94]):
• Neutron Fluence: 3.505201E+14 (n/cm2)
• CaF2:Mn Dose: 1.97800E+05 {Rad[TLD]}
• Assume time is 1 day between irradiation and TLD Reading.

Table 9: Summary of ACF9 Dosimetry Shot

Effect Dose Contribution
(Rad[TLD]) (%)
Measured TLD 1.97800E+05 100

Neutron Dose 2.29824E+03 1.16

Secondary γ Dose 9.87226E+02 0.50
TLD Activation 6.05846E+02 0.31
Aluminum Activation 5.06442E+03 2.56
Charged Particle Dose 2.11499E+02 0.11

TOTAL 9.16723E+03 4.64

For SPR3CC Dosimetry Shot (See Reference [Gr94]):

• Neutron Fluence: 1.369764E+13 (n/cm2)
• CaF2:Mn Dose: 3.91700E+03 {Rad[TLD]}
• Assume time is 1 day between irradiation and TLD Reading.

Table 10: Summary of SPR3CC Dosimetry Shot

Effect Dose Contribution
(Rad[TLD]) (%)
Measured TLD 3.91700E+03 100

Neutron Dose 1.83533E+02 4.69

Secondary γ Dose 3.79177E+01 0.97
TLD Activation 8.22365E+00 0.21
Aluminum Activation 1.82343E+01 0.46
Charged Particle Dose 1.87053E+01 0.48

TOTAL 2.66614E+02 6.81

19
For WB7 Dosimetry Shot (See Reference [Gr94]):
• Neutron Fluence: 6.552314E+14 (n/cm2) – Calculated from Φ3MeV*
• CaF2:Mn Dose: 5.37800E+05 {Rad[TLD]}
• Assume time is 1 day between irradiation and TLD Reading.
*Φ3MeV is the number of neutrons (n/cm2) that have energy greater than 3 MeV.

Table 11: Summary of WB7 Dosimetry Shot

Effect Dose Contribution
(Rad[TLD]) (%)
Measured TLD 5.37800E+05 100

Neutron Dose 2.95158E+03 0.55

Secondary γ Dose 3.72916E+03 0.69
TLD Activation 2.71441E+03 0.50
Aluminum Activation 2.73678E+04 5.09
Charged Particle Dose 3.45205E+02 0.06

TOTAL 3.71081E+04 6.90

For SPR_80a3 Dosimetry Shot (See Reference [Gr94]):

• Neutron Fluence: 1.043041E+13 (n/cm2) – Calculated from Φ3MeV
• CaF2:Mn Dose: 2.21700E+03 Rad[TLD]}
• Assume time is 1 day between irradiation and TLD Reading.

Table 12: Summary of SPR_80a3 Dosimetry Shot

Effect Dose Contribution
(Rad[TLD]) (%)
Measured TLD 2.21700E+03 100

Neutron Dose 9.15016E+01 4.13

Secondary γ Dose 2.93353E+01 1.32
TLD Activation 1.33631E+01 0.60
Aluminum Activation 9.12828E+01 4.12
Charged Particle Dose 1.63642E+01 0.74

TOTAL 2.41847E+02 10.91

20
For FRECIIp6 Dosimetry Shot (See Reference [Gr94]):
• Neutron Fluence: 1.214156E+14 (n/cm2) – Calculated from Φ3MeV
• CaF2:Mn Dose: 1.00500E+05 {Rad[TLD]}
• Assume time is 1 day between irradiation and TLD Reading.

Table 13: Summary of FRECIIp6 Dosimetry Shot

Effect Dose Contribution
(Rad[TLD]) (%)
Measured TLD 1.00500E+05 100

Neutron Dose 3.91698E+02 0.39

Secondary γ Dose 1.31840E+03 1.31
TLD Activation 1.01196E+03 1.01
Aluminum Activation 1.11418E+04 11.09
Charged Particle Dose 1.06011E+02 0.11

TOTAL 1.39699E+04 13.90

5. CONCLUSIONS

The neutron component of the response of TLD-400 (CaF2:Mn) chips has been quantified for
five measured reactor spectra and one theoretical neutron spectrum. Activation of the aluminum
equilibrator is the main source of the neutron response in the TLD-400 chips for all the reactor
environments except the SPR3CC spectrum which has the highest average neutron energy. The
neutron response was less than 14% of the total TLD response for all five reactor environments
investigated (less than 7% for three of the five spectra). Users of SNL reactor facilities require a
quantification of the uncertainty for the dosimetry results that are reported to them. The
calculations produced for this report will aid the SNL-RML in the quantification and
interpretation of the uncertainty for TLD photon dosimetry measurements in the mixed field
environments produced by SNL reactor facilities.

21
6. REFERENCES

[Gr94] P. J. Griffin, J. G. Kelly, D. W. Vehar, Updated Neutron Spectrum Characterization

of SNL Baseline Reactor Environments, Vol. 1: Characterization, Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, report SAND93-2554, April 1994.

[Br00] J. F. Briesmeister (Editor), MCNP-A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code,
Version 4C, LA-13709-M, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, April
2000.

[He82] J. Henninger, H. Hubner, G. Pretzsch, Calculation of the Neutron Sensitivity of TL

Detectors, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Vol. 192, pp. 453-461, 1982.

[Ri79] P. Rinard, G. Simons, Calculated Neutron Sensitivities of CaF2 and 7LiF

Thermoluminescent Dosimeters, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Vol. 158, pp. 545-
549, 1979.

[Po92] C. Ponti, S. Stramaccia, ANITA: Analysis of Neutron Induced Transmutation and

Activation, EUR 12622 EN, Commission of the European Communitites Joint Research
Center, Ispra, Italy, September 1992.

[Br86] E. Browne, R. B. Firestone, V. S. Shirley (Editor), Table of Radioactive Isotopes, John

Wiley and Sons, New York, 1986.

[ICRU] International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, ICRU Report 49:
Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Particles, Bethesda, MD, May 1993.

22
 APPENDIX A – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for Neutron
Kerma and Secondary γ Kerma – ACF9 Neutron Spectrum
Model of TLD-400 with Al Equilibrator with ACF9 Spectrum from PJG
C **********************************************************************
C * CELL CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
C C |Mat | Density | X-plane | Y-plane | Z-plane | Import- | Comment
C # | # | | L R | L R | B T | ance |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
100 1 -3.1000 -100 IMP:N=1 IMP:P=1 $TLD-400
200 2 -2.7100 100 -200 IMP:N=1 IMP:P=1 $Al equil.
300 0 200 -300 IMP:N=1 IMP:P=1 $Void
301 0 300 IMP:N=0 IMP:P=0 $Void

C **********************************************************************
C * SURFACE CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
C Srf|Sym-| Dim-1 | Dim-2 | Dim-3 | Comment
C # | bol| | | |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
100 rpp -0.15000 0.15000 -0.15000 0.15000
-0.04445 0.04445 $TLD-400 (0.3x0.3x0.0889 cm)
200 rpp -0.40000 0.40000 -0.40000 0.40000
-0.27305 0.27305 $Al equilibrator (0.8x0.8x0.5461 cm)
300 so 2.00000 $Source sphere

C **********************************************************************
C * DATA CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
MODE N P $Neutron and Secondary Gammas
PHYS:P 100.0
C ********************
C * SOURCE CARDS *
C ********************
SDEF SUR=300 NRM=-1 DIR=D1 WGT=12.56637061 ERG=D2
C WGT=PI*(radius of sphere)^2
C Weighted to give 1 n/cm^2/src-n
SB1 -21 2
C 641 Group energy grid from PJG ACF9
SI2 H 1.00000E-10 1.05000E-10 1.10000E-10 1.15000E-10 1.20000E-10
1.27500E-10 1.35000E-10 1.42500E-10 1.50000E-10 1.60000E-10
1.70000E-10 1.80000E-10 1.90000E-10 2.00000E-10 2.10000E-10
2.20000E-10 2.30000E-10 2.40000E-10 2.55000E-10 2.70000E-10
2.80000E-10 3.00000E-10 3.20000E-10 3.40000E-10 3.60000E-10
3.80000E-10 4.00000E-10 4.25000E-10 4.50000E-10 4.75000E-10
5.00000E-10 5.25000E-10 5.50000E-10 5.75000E-10 6.00000E-10
6.30000E-10 6.60000E-10 6.90000E-10 7.20000E-10 7.60000E-10
8.00000E-10 8.40000E-10 8.80000E-10 9.20000E-10 9.60000E-10
1.00000E-09 1.05000E-09 1.10000E-09 1.15000E-09 1.20000E-09
1.27500E-09 1.35000E-09 1.42500E-09 1.50000E-09 1.60000E-09
1.70000E-09 1.80000E-09 1.90000E-09 2.00000E-09 2.10000E-09
2.20000E-09 2.30000E-09 2.40000E-09 2.55000E-09 2.70000E-09
2.80000E-09 3.00000E-09 3.20000E-09 3.40000E-09 3.60000E-09
3.80000E-09 4.00000E-09 4.25000E-09 4.50000E-09 4.75000E-09
5.00000E-09 5.25000E-09 5.50000E-09 5.75000E-09 6.00000E-09
6.30000E-09 6.60000E-09 6.90000E-09 7.20000E-09 7.60000E-09
8.00000E-09 8.40000E-09 8.80000E-09 9.20000E-09 9.60000E-09
1.00000E-08 1.05000E-08 1.10000E-08 1.15000E-08 1.20000E-08
1.27500E-08 1.35000E-08 1.42500E-08 1.50000E-08 1.60000E-08
1.70000E-08 1.80000E-08 1.90000E-08 2.00000E-08 2.10000E-08
2.20000E-08 2.30000E-08 2.40000E-08 2.55000E-08 2.70000E-08
2.80000E-08 3.00000E-08 3.20000E-08 3.40000E-08 3.60000E-08
3.80000E-08 4.00000E-08 4.25000E-08 4.50000E-08 4.75000E-08
5.00000E-08 5.25000E-08 5.50000E-08 5.75000E-08 6.00000E-08
6.30000E-08 6.60000E-08 6.90000E-08 7.20000E-08 7.60000E-08
8.00000E-08 8.40000E-08 8.80000E-08 9.20000E-08 9.60000E-08
1.00000E-07 1.05000E-07 1.10000E-07 1.15000E-07 1.20000E-07
1.27500E-07 1.35000E-07 1.42500E-07 1.50000E-07 1.60000E-07
1.70000E-07 1.80000E-07 1.90000E-07 2.00000E-07 2.10000E-07
2.20000E-07 2.30000E-07 2.40000E-07 2.55000E-07 2.70000E-07
2.80000E-07 3.00000E-07 3.20000E-07 3.40000E-07 3.60000E-07
3.80000E-07 4.00000E-07 4.25000E-07 4.50000E-07 4.75000E-07

23
 5.00000E-07 5.25000E-07 5.50000E-07 5.75000E-07 6.00000E-07
6.30000E-07 6.60000E-07 6.90000E-07 7.20000E-07 7.60000E-07
8.00000E-07 8.40000E-07 8.80000E-07 9.20000E-07 9.60000E-07
1.00000E-06 1.05000E-06 1.10000E-06 1.15000E-06 1.20000E-06
1.27500E-06 1.35000E-06 1.42500E-06 1.50000E-06 1.60000E-06
1.70000E-06 1.80000E-06 1.90000E-06 2.00000E-06 2.10000E-06
2.20000E-06 2.30000E-06 2.40000E-06 2.55000E-06 2.70000E-06
2.80000E-06 3.00000E-06 3.20000E-06 3.40000E-06 3.60000E-06
3.80000E-06 4.00000E-06 4.25000E-06 4.50000E-06 4.75000E-06
5.00000E-06 5.25000E-06 5.50000E-06 5.75000E-06 6.00000E-06
6.30000E-06 6.60000E-06 6.90000E-06 7.20000E-06 7.60000E-06
8.00000E-06 8.40000E-06 8.80000E-06 9.20000E-06 9.60000E-06
1.00000E-05 1.05000E-05 1.10000E-05 1.15000E-05 1.20000E-05
1.27500E-05 1.35000E-05 1.42500E-05 1.50000E-05 1.60000E-05
1.70000E-05 1.80000E-05 1.90000E-05 2.00000E-05 2.10000E-05
2.20000E-05 2.30000E-05 2.40000E-05 2.55000E-05 2.70000E-05
2.80000E-05 3.00000E-05 3.20000E-05 3.40000E-05 3.60000E-05
3.80000E-05 4.00000E-05 4.25000E-05 4.50000E-05 4.75000E-05
5.00000E-05 5.25000E-05 5.50000E-05 5.75000E-05 6.00000E-05
6.30000E-05 6.60000E-05 6.90000E-05 7.20000E-05 7.60000E-05
8.00000E-05 8.40000E-05 8.80000E-05 9.20000E-05 9.60000E-05
1.00000E-04 1.05000E-04 1.10000E-04 1.15000E-04 1.20000E-04
1.27500E-04 1.35000E-04 1.42500E-04 1.50000E-04 1.60000E-04
1.70000E-04 1.80000E-04 1.90000E-04 2.00000E-04 2.10000E-04
2.20000E-04 2.30000E-04 2.40000E-04 2.55000E-04 2.70000E-04
2.80000E-04 3.00000E-04 3.20000E-04 3.40000E-04 3.60000E-04
3.80000E-04 4.00000E-04 4.25000E-04 4.50000E-04 4.75000E-04
5.00000E-04 5.25000E-04 5.50000E-04 5.75000E-04 6.00000E-04
6.30000E-04 6.60000E-04 6.90000E-04 7.20000E-04 7.60000E-04
8.00000E-04 8.40000E-04 8.80000E-04 9.20000E-04 9.60000E-04
1.00000E-03 1.05000E-03 1.10000E-03 1.15000E-03 1.20000E-03
1.27500E-03 1.35000E-03 1.42500E-03 1.50000E-03 1.60000E-03
1.70000E-03 1.80000E-03 1.90000E-03 2.00000E-03 2.10000E-03
2.20000E-03 2.30000E-03 2.40000E-03 2.55000E-03 2.70000E-03
2.80000E-03 3.00000E-03 3.20000E-03 3.40000E-03 3.60000E-03
3.80000E-03 4.00000E-03 4.25000E-03 4.50000E-03 4.75000E-03
5.00000E-03 5.25000E-03 5.50000E-03 5.75000E-03 6.00000E-03
6.30000E-03 6.60000E-03 6.90000E-03 7.20000E-03 7.60000E-03
8.00000E-03 8.40000E-03 8.80000E-03 9.20000E-03 9.60000E-03
1.00000E-02 1.05000E-02 1.10000E-02 1.15000E-02 1.20000E-02
1.27500E-02 1.35000E-02 1.42500E-02 1.50000E-02 1.60000E-02
1.70000E-02 1.80000E-02 1.90000E-02 2.00000E-02 2.10000E-02
2.20000E-02 2.30000E-02 2.40000E-02 2.55000E-02 2.70000E-02
2.80000E-02 3.00000E-02 3.20000E-02 3.40000E-02 3.60000E-02
3.80000E-02 4.00000E-02 4.25000E-02 4.50000E-02 4.75000E-02
5.00000E-02 5.25000E-02 5.50000E-02 5.75000E-02 6.00000E-02
6.30000E-02 6.60000E-02 6.90000E-02 7.20000E-02 7.60000E-02
8.00000E-02 8.40000E-02 8.80000E-02 9.20000E-02 9.60000E-02
1.00000E-01 1.05000E-01 1.10000E-01 1.15000E-01 1.20000E-01
1.27500E-01 1.35000E-01 1.42500E-01 1.50000E-01 1.60000E-01
1.70000E-01 1.80000E-01 1.90000E-01 2.00000E-01 2.10000E-01
2.20000E-01 2.30000E-01 2.40000E-01 2.55000E-01 2.70000E-01
2.80000E-01 3.00000E-01 3.20000E-01 3.40000E-01 3.60000E-01
3.80000E-01 4.00000E-01 4.25000E-01 4.50000E-01 4.75000E-01
5.00000E-01 5.25000E-01 5.50000E-01 5.75000E-01 6.00000E-01
6.30000E-01 6.60000E-01 6.90000E-01 7.20000E-01 7.60000E-01
8.00000E-01 8.40000E-01 8.80000E-01 9.20000E-01 9.60000E-01
1.00000E+00 1.10000E+00 1.20000E+00 1.30000E+00 1.40000E+00
1.50000E+00 1.60000E+00 1.70000E+00 1.80000E+00 1.90000E+00
2.00000E+00 2.10000E+00 2.20000E+00 2.30000E+00 2.40000E+00
2.50000E+00 2.60000E+00 2.70000E+00 2.80000E+00 2.90000E+00
3.00000E+00 3.10000E+00 3.20000E+00 3.30000E+00 3.40000E+00
3.50000E+00 3.60000E+00 3.70000E+00 3.80000E+00 3.90000E+00
4.00000E+00 4.10000E+00 4.20000E+00 4.30000E+00 4.40000E+00
4.50000E+00 4.60000E+00 4.70000E+00 4.80000E+00 4.90000E+00
5.00000E+00 5.10000E+00 5.20000E+00 5.30000E+00 5.40000E+00
5.50000E+00 5.60000E+00 5.70000E+00 5.80000E+00 5.90000E+00
6.00000E+00 6.10000E+00 6.20000E+00 6.30000E+00 6.40000E+00
6.50000E+00 6.60000E+00 6.70000E+00 6.80000E+00 6.90000E+00
7.00000E+00 7.10000E+00 7.20000E+00 7.30000E+00 7.40000E+00
7.50000E+00 7.60000E+00 7.70000E+00 7.80000E+00 7.90000E+00
8.00000E+00 8.10000E+00 8.20000E+00 8.30000E+00 8.40000E+00
8.50000E+00 8.60000E+00 8.70000E+00 8.80000E+00 8.90000E+00
9.00000E+00 9.10000E+00 9.20000E+00 9.30000E+00 9.40000E+00
9.50000E+00 9.60000E+00 9.70000E+00 9.80000E+00 9.90000E+00
1.00000E+01 1.01000E+01 1.02000E+01 1.03000E+01 1.04000E+01
1.05000E+01 1.06000E+01 1.07000E+01 1.08000E+01 1.09000E+01
1.10000E+01 1.11000E+01 1.12000E+01 1.13000E+01 1.14000E+01

24
 1.15000E+01 1.16000E+01 1.17000E+01 1.18000E+01 1.19000E+01
1.20000E+01 1.21000E+01 1.22000E+01 1.23000E+01 1.24000E+01
1.25000E+01 1.26000E+01 1.27000E+01 1.28000E+01 1.29000E+01
1.30000E+01 1.31000E+01 1.32000E+01 1.33000E+01 1.34000E+01
1.35000E+01 1.36000E+01 1.37000E+01 1.38000E+01 1.39000E+01
1.40000E+01 1.41000E+01 1.42000E+01 1.43000E+01 1.44000E+01
1.45000E+01 1.46000E+01 1.47000E+01 1.48000E+01 1.49000E+01
1.50000E+01 1.51000E+01 1.52000E+01 1.53000E+01 1.54000E+01
1.55000E+01 1.56000E+01 1.57000E+01 1.58000E+01 1.59000E+01
1.60000E+01 1.61000E+01 1.62000E+01 1.63000E+01 1.64000E+01
1.65000E+01 1.66000E+01 1.67000E+01 1.68000E+01 1.69000E+01
1.70000E+01 1.71000E+01 1.72000E+01 1.73000E+01 1.74000E+01
1.75000E+01 1.76000E+01 1.77000E+01 1.78000E+01 1.79000E+01
1.80000E+01 1.81000E+01 1.82000E+01 1.83000E+01 1.84000E+01
1.85000E+01 1.86000E+01 1.87000E+01 1.88000E+01 1.89000E+01
1.90000E+01 1.91000E+01 1.92000E+01 1.93000E+01 1.94000E+01
1.95000E+01 1.96000E+01 1.97000E+01 1.98000E+01 1.99000E+01
2.00000E+01
C
SP2 D 0.00000E+00 4.22801E-08 4.43342E-08 4.63883E-08 4.84423E-08
7.65150E-08 8.11153E-08 8.57370E-08 9.03374E-08 1.27611E-07
1.35798E-07 1.43958E-07 1.52117E-07 1.60276E-07 1.68436E-07
1.76595E-07 1.84726E-07 1.92856E-07 3.04520E-07 3.22792E-07
2.25323E-07 4.74952E-07 5.07304E-07 5.39599E-07 5.71723E-07
6.04246E-07 6.36199E-07 8.40182E-07 8.90821E-07 9.40746E-07
9.89959E-07 1.03989E-06 1.08981E-06 1.13902E-06 1.18895E-06
1.49179E-06 1.56282E-06 1.63301E-06 1.70404E-06 2.38161E-06
2.50600E-06 2.63038E-06 2.75477E-06 2.87801E-06 3.00126E-06
3.12336E-06 4.07681E-06 4.26652E-06 4.45624E-06 4.64596E-06
7.31985E-06 7.74137E-06 8.15860E-06 8.57584E-06 1.20764E-05
1.28039E-05 1.35256E-05 1.42417E-05 1.49521E-05 1.56568E-05
1.63557E-05 1.70490E-05 1.77365E-05 2.78801E-05 2.93949E-05
2.04297E-05 4.28336E-05 4.54240E-05 4.79745E-05 5.04794E-05
5.29442E-05 5.53693E-05 7.25352E-05 7.61727E-05 7.97388E-05
8.32336E-05 8.66571E-05 8.99379E-05 9.32188E-05 9.64283E-05
1.19822E-04 1.24187E-04 1.28381E-04 1.32489E-04 1.82928E-04
1.89776E-04 1.96394E-04 2.02671E-04 2.08833E-04 2.14653E-04
2.20245E-04 2.82866E-04 2.90854E-04 2.98414E-04 3.05547E-04
4.70944E-04 4.84852E-04 4.97476E-04 5.09030E-04 6.94683E-04
7.10945E-04 7.24639E-04 7.36336E-04 7.46036E-04 7.53738E-04
7.60015E-04 7.64294E-04 7.67432E-04 1.15329E-03 1.15286E-03
7.66291E-04 1.52231E-03 1.50348E-03 1.47895E-03 1.44928E-03
1.41504E-03 1.37796E-03 1.66681E-03 1.60119E-03 1.53344E-03
1.46426E-03 1.39721E-03 1.33659E-03 1.28096E-03 1.23032E-03
1.41476E-03 1.35313E-03 1.29665E-03 1.24273E-03 1.57595E-03
1.49036E-03 1.41276E-03 1.34315E-03 1.28039E-03 1.22219E-03
1.16969E-03 1.39564E-03 1.32960E-03 1.26969E-03 1.21477E-03
1.72886E-03 1.62851E-03 1.53907E-03 1.45884E-03 1.83385E-03
1.72088E-03 1.62131E-03 1.53201E-03 1.45213E-03 1.38280E-03
1.32204E-03 1.26612E-03 1.21477E-03 1.73400E-03 1.63557E-03
1.03903E-03 1.96794E-03 1.83784E-03 1.72259E-03 1.62102E-03
1.53087E-03 1.45156E-03 1.71460E-03 1.61546E-03 1.52773E-03
1.44928E-03 1.38081E-03 1.32161E-03 1.26741E-03 1.21748E-03
1.40021E-03 1.34030E-03 1.28466E-03 1.23417E-03 1.57138E-03
1.49493E-03 1.42531E-03 1.36255E-03 1.30435E-03 1.25186E-03
1.20279E-03 1.44072E-03 1.37810E-03 1.32047E-03 1.26769E-03
1.81124E-03 1.71389E-03 1.62659E-03 1.54806E-03 1.95510E-03
1.84355E-03 1.74455E-03 1.65583E-03 1.57595E-03 1.49978E-03
1.42674E-03 1.36055E-03 1.30007E-03 1.84783E-03 1.73742E-03
1.10350E-03 2.08947E-03 1.95595E-03 1.84469E-03 1.74712E-03
1.66325E-03 1.59306E-03 1.91644E-03 1.84512E-03 1.75097E-03
1.66467E-03 1.58265E-03 1.50277E-03 1.41290E-03 1.32090E-03
1.49350E-03 1.41048E-03 1.33773E-03 1.27439E-03 1.61361E-03
1.52574E-03 1.44814E-03 1.37738E-03 1.31348E-03 1.25528E-03
1.20164E-03 1.42931E-03 1.35199E-03 1.28210E-03 1.21848E-03
1.72094E-03 1.60690E-03 1.50591E-03 1.41625E-03 1.76481E-03
1.64071E-03 1.53173E-03 1.43558E-03 1.35000E-03 1.26983E-03
1.19451E-03 1.12661E-03 1.06528E-03 1.49564E-03 1.38651E-03
8.70423E-04 1.62673E-03 1.50634E-03 1.41447E-03 1.33345E-03
1.26041E-03 1.19537E-03 1.41219E-03 1.33088E-03 1.25885E-03
1.19394E-03 1.13332E-03 1.08482E-03 1.06057E-03 1.01207E-03
1.15543E-03 1.09723E-03 1.03989E-03 9.60289E-04 1.20050E-03
1.11697E-03 1.04314E-03 9.77521E-04 9.11447E-04 8.58954E-04
8.13877E-04 9.68277E-04 9.28907E-04 8.93246E-04 8.60294E-04
1.23331E-03 1.17169E-03 1.11649E-03 1.06663E-03 1.35199E-03
1.27953E-03 1.21448E-03 1.15058E-03 1.08781E-03 1.03675E-03
9.88818E-04 9.44884E-04 9.05797E-04 1.28894E-03 1.21149E-03
7.60301E-04 1.42703E-03 1.33801E-03 1.26327E-03 1.19594E-03

25
 1.13717E-03 1.08981E-03 1.32946E-03 1.29237E-03 1.24815E-03
1.20678E-03 1.19679E-03 1.22319E-03 1.17897E-03 1.13831E-03
1.31719E-03 1.26755E-03 1.16912E-03 1.12462E-03 1.41504E-03
1.34771E-03 1.28609E-03 1.23246E-03 1.19594E-03 1.13238E-03
1.02842E-03 1.21862E-03 1.16641E-03 1.10878E-03 1.06756E-03
1.55812E-03 1.54549E-03 1.47124E-03 1.40042E-03 1.76909E-03
1.66581E-03 1.58935E-03 1.55370E-03 1.47353E-03 1.40277E-03
1.34315E-03 1.27411E-03 1.22590E-03 1.75154E-03 1.66296E-03
1.07184E-03 2.07464E-03 1.95196E-03 1.88121E-03 1.84925E-03
1.81959E-03 1.79448E-03 2.16750E-03 2.09403E-03 2.02057E-03
1.96423E-03 1.87793E-03 1.80946E-03 1.73742E-03 1.66467E-03
1.89747E-03 1.80846E-03 1.71859E-03 1.66296E-03 2.14881E-03
2.06665E-03 1.99589E-03 1.92971E-03 1.87151E-03 1.81217E-03
1.75853E-03 2.13255E-03 2.05695E-03 1.97992E-03 1.92571E-03
2.79228E-03 2.67888E-03 2.58045E-03 2.49059E-03 3.16959E-03
3.02694E-03 2.90140E-03 2.78387E-03 2.68630E-03 2.59843E-03
2.51570E-03 2.43581E-03 2.36078E-03 3.40295E-03 3.25874E-03
2.09717E-03 4.03743E-03 3.79780E-03 3.63746E-03 3.48853E-03
3.35844E-03 3.23748E-03 3.94201E-03 3.78296E-03 3.62747E-03
3.46343E-03 3.32934E-03 3.22593E-03 3.13036E-03 3.05190E-03
3.58012E-03 3.48939E-03 3.39353E-03 3.29596E-03 4.23828E-03
4.07053E-03 3.91990E-03 3.77611E-03 3.64944E-03 3.53190E-03
3.42349E-03 4.14385E-03 3.97981E-03 3.85571E-03 3.74016E-03
5.41125E-03 5.18445E-03 5.01113E-03 4.81643E-03 6.11948E-03
5.79997E-03 5.52609E-03 5.28358E-03 5.07533E-03 4.89559E-03
4.73868E-03 4.60174E-03 4.47050E-03 6.47040E-03 6.20936E-03
4.00833E-03 7.73139E-03 7.35479E-03 7.00104E-03 6.68722E-03
6.40763E-03 6.15087E-03 7.36764E-03 7.03955E-03 6.74998E-03
6.47967E-03 6.22433E-03 6.01608E-03 5.82849E-03 5.65447E-03
6.57823E-03 6.38310E-03 6.17683E-03 5.96886E-03 7.62525E-03
7.29888E-03 6.99875E-03 6.71689E-03 6.46469E-03 6.26156E-03
6.05502E-03 1.43501E-02 1.33944E-02 1.25471E-02 1.17882E-02
1.11064E-02 1.04245E-02 9.71701E-03 9.10077E-03 8.56158E-03
8.07944E-03 7.56305E-03 7.04099E-03 6.57880E-03 6.15944E-03
5.78855E-03 5.45476E-03 5.15236E-03 4.87847E-03 4.62457E-03
4.39633E-03 4.11104E-03 3.78011E-03 3.48910E-03 3.23235E-03
3.00696E-03 2.80327E-03 2.62297E-03 2.45721E-03 2.30544E-03
2.16621E-03 1.99846E-03 1.81245E-03 1.65070E-03 1.50919E-03
1.38337E-03 1.27097E-03 1.17055E-03 1.07983E-03 9.97376E-04
9.22915E-04 8.51022E-04 7.81981E-04 7.19506E-04 6.62445E-04
6.11092E-04 5.64305E-04 5.21511E-04 4.82999E-04 4.48192E-04
4.16239E-04 3.86854E-04 3.60037E-04 3.34077E-04 3.08114E-04
2.84321E-04 2.62952E-04 2.43923E-04 2.27492E-04 2.13169E-04
1.99989E-04 1.87693E-04 1.76367E-04 1.65555E-04 1.55170E-04
1.45555E-04 1.36626E-04 1.28153E-04 1.20279E-04 1.13146E-04
1.06613E-04 9.98522E-05 9.28902E-05 8.64720E-05 8.05657E-05
7.51174E-05 6.99821E-05 6.51886E-05 6.07387E-05 5.65728E-05
5.27219E-05 4.91558E-05 4.58174E-05 4.27082E-05 3.97978E-05
3.70880E-05 3.45489E-05 3.21806E-05 2.99557E-05 2.78813E-05
2.59416E-05 2.41300E-05 2.24523E-05 2.08948E-05 1.94510E-05
1.81103E-05 1.68636E-05 1.57023E-05 1.46184E-05 1.36083E-05
1.26670E-05 1.17883E-05 1.09694E-05 1.02020E-05 9.48587E-06
8.81552E-06 8.19644E-06 7.62578E-06 7.10377E-06 6.61871E-06
6.16231E-06 5.71154E-06 5.27214E-06 4.84996E-06 4.45622E-06
4.09679E-06 3.77441E-06 3.48338E-06 3.21809E-06 2.97842E-06
2.75706E-06 2.55393E-06 2.36704E-06 2.19475E-06 2.03525E-06
1.88806E-06 1.75169E-06 1.62558E-06 1.50862E-06 1.40020E-06
1.29951E-06 1.20621E-06 1.11948E-06 1.03903E-06 9.64278E-07
8.94961E-07 8.30770E-07 7.71422E-07 7.16083E-07 6.64724E-07
6.16801E-07 5.72581E-07 5.31494E-07 4.93270E-07 4.57889E-07
4.25085E-07 3.94559E-07 3.66026E-07 3.39783E-07 3.15245E-07
2.92710E-07 2.71655E-07 2.52112E-07 2.33992E-07 2.17164E-07
2.01530E-07 1.87037E-07 1.73572E-07 1.61073E-07 1.49493E-07
1.38709E-07 1.28724E-07 1.19452E-07 1.10834E-07 1.02848E-07
9.54587E-08 8.85546E-08 8.21926E-08 7.62571E-08 7.07524E-08
6.56457E-08 6.09098E-08 5.65163E-08 5.24357E-08 4.86423E-08
4.51332E-08 4.18809E-08 3.88568E-08 3.60317E-08 3.34362E-08
3.10112E-08 2.87860E-08 2.67033E-08 2.47714E-08 2.29803E-08
2.13199E-08 1.97793E-08 1.83471E-08 1.70202E-08 1.57909E-08
1.46469E-08
C ********************
C * MATERIAL CARDS *
C ********************
M1 9019.60c -0.478400 20000.60c -0.504600
25055.60c -0.017000 $TLD-400
C 1100-Al (soft Al)
M2 13027.60c 0.9920 14000.60c 4.8214e-3
25055.60c 2.4648e-4 26054.60c 1.4306e-4

26
 26056.60c 2.2239e-3 26057.60c 5.0919e-5
26058.60c 6.7892e-6 29063.60c 3.5375e-4
29065.60c 1.5767e-4 $Al equilibrator
C ********************
C * NEUTRON TALLIES *
C ********************
F6:N 100
FM6 1.602E-08
FC6 Neutron Dose [Rad(TLD)/Src-Neutron]
C
F24:N 100
FC24 Neutron Fluence in TLD [Neutrons/cm^2/Src-Neutron]
C
F34:N 200
FC34 Neutron Fluence in Al [Neutrons/cm^2/Src-Neutron]
F74:N 100
FC74 Effective Neutron Kerma in TLD-400
E74 1.05000E-10 1.10000E-10 1.15000E-10 1.20000E-10
1.27500E-10 1.35000E-10 1.42500E-10 1.50000E-10 1.60000E-10
1.70000E-10 1.80000E-10 1.90000E-10 2.00000E-10 2.10000E-10
2.20000E-10 2.30000E-10 2.40000E-10 2.55000E-10 2.70000E-10
2.80000E-10 3.00000E-10 3.20000E-10 3.40000E-10 3.60000E-10
3.80000E-10 4.00000E-10 4.25000E-10 4.50000E-10 4.75000E-10
5.00000E-10 5.25000E-10 5.50000E-10 5.75000E-10 6.00000E-10
6.30000E-10 6.60000E-10 6.90000E-10 7.20000E-10 7.60000E-10
8.00000E-10 8.40000E-10 8.80000E-10 9.20000E-10 9.60000E-10
1.00000E-09 1.05000E-09 1.10000E-09 1.15000E-09 1.20000E-09
1.27500E-09 1.35000E-09 1.42500E-09 1.50000E-09 1.60000E-09
1.70000E-09 1.80000E-09 1.90000E-09 2.00000E-09 2.10000E-09
2.20000E-09 2.30000E-09 2.40000E-09 2.55000E-09 2.70000E-09
2.80000E-09 3.00000E-09 3.20000E-09 3.40000E-09 3.60000E-09
3.80000E-09 4.00000E-09 4.25000E-09 4.50000E-09 4.75000E-09
5.00000E-09 5.25000E-09 5.50000E-09 5.75000E-09 6.00000E-09
6.30000E-09 6.60000E-09 6.90000E-09 7.20000E-09 7.60000E-09
8.00000E-09 8.40000E-09 8.80000E-09 9.20000E-09 9.60000E-09
1.00000E-08 1.05000E-08 1.10000E-08 1.15000E-08 1.20000E-08
1.27500E-08 1.35000E-08 1.42500E-08 1.50000E-08 1.60000E-08
1.70000E-08 1.80000E-08 1.90000E-08 2.00000E-08 2.10000E-08
2.20000E-08 2.30000E-08 2.40000E-08 2.55000E-08 2.70000E-08
2.80000E-08 3.00000E-08 3.20000E-08 3.40000E-08 3.60000E-08
3.80000E-08 4.00000E-08 4.25000E-08 4.50000E-08 4.75000E-08
5.00000E-08 5.25000E-08 5.50000E-08 5.75000E-08 6.00000E-08
6.30000E-08 6.60000E-08 6.90000E-08 7.20000E-08 7.60000E-08
8.00000E-08 8.40000E-08 8.80000E-08 9.20000E-08 9.60000E-08
1.00000E-07 1.05000E-07 1.10000E-07 1.15000E-07 1.20000E-07
1.27500E-07 1.35000E-07 1.42500E-07 1.50000E-07 1.60000E-07
1.70000E-07 1.80000E-07 1.90000E-07 2.00000E-07 2.10000E-07
2.20000E-07 2.30000E-07 2.40000E-07 2.55000E-07 2.70000E-07
2.80000E-07 3.00000E-07 3.20000E-07 3.40000E-07 3.60000E-07
3.80000E-07 4.00000E-07 4.25000E-07 4.50000E-07 4.75000E-07
5.00000E-07 5.25000E-07 5.50000E-07 5.75000E-07 6.00000E-07
6.30000E-07 6.60000E-07 6.90000E-07 7.20000E-07 7.60000E-07
8.00000E-07 8.40000E-07 8.80000E-07 9.20000E-07 9.60000E-07
1.00000E-06 1.05000E-06 1.10000E-06 1.15000E-06 1.20000E-06
1.27500E-06 1.35000E-06 1.42500E-06 1.50000E-06 1.60000E-06
1.70000E-06 1.80000E-06 1.90000E-06 2.00000E-06 2.10000E-06
2.20000E-06 2.30000E-06 2.40000E-06 2.55000E-06 2.70000E-06
2.80000E-06 3.00000E-06 3.20000E-06 3.40000E-06 3.60000E-06
3.80000E-06 4.00000E-06 4.25000E-06 4.50000E-06 4.75000E-06
5.00000E-06 5.25000E-06 5.50000E-06 5.75000E-06 6.00000E-06
6.30000E-06 6.60000E-06 6.90000E-06 7.20000E-06 7.60000E-06
8.00000E-06 8.40000E-06 8.80000E-06 9.20000E-06 9.60000E-06
1.00000E-05 1.05000E-05 1.10000E-05 1.15000E-05 1.20000E-05
1.27500E-05 1.35000E-05 1.42500E-05 1.50000E-05 1.60000E-05
1.70000E-05 1.80000E-05 1.90000E-05 2.00000E-05 2.10000E-05
2.20000E-05 2.30000E-05 2.40000E-05 2.55000E-05 2.70000E-05
2.80000E-05 3.00000E-05 3.20000E-05 3.40000E-05 3.60000E-05
3.80000E-05 4.00000E-05 4.25000E-05 4.50000E-05 4.75000E-05
5.00000E-05 5.25000E-05 5.50000E-05 5.75000E-05 6.00000E-05
6.30000E-05 6.60000E-05 6.90000E-05 7.20000E-05 7.60000E-05
8.00000E-05 8.40000E-05 8.80000E-05 9.20000E-05 9.60000E-05
1.00000E-04 1.05000E-04 1.10000E-04 1.15000E-04 1.20000E-04
1.27500E-04 1.35000E-04 1.42500E-04 1.50000E-04 1.60000E-04
1.70000E-04 1.80000E-04 1.90000E-04 2.00000E-04 2.10000E-04
2.20000E-04 2.30000E-04 2.40000E-04 2.55000E-04 2.70000E-04
2.80000E-04 3.00000E-04 3.20000E-04 3.40000E-04 3.60000E-04
3.80000E-04 4.00000E-04 4.25000E-04 4.50000E-04 4.75000E-04
5.00000E-04 5.25000E-04 5.50000E-04 5.75000E-04 6.00000E-04

27
 6.30000E-04 6.60000E-04 6.90000E-04 7.20000E-04 7.60000E-04
8.00000E-04 8.40000E-04 8.80000E-04 9.20000E-04 9.60000E-04
1.00000E-03 1.05000E-03 1.10000E-03 1.15000E-03 1.20000E-03
1.27500E-03 1.35000E-03 1.42500E-03 1.50000E-03 1.60000E-03
1.70000E-03 1.80000E-03 1.90000E-03 2.00000E-03 2.10000E-03
2.20000E-03 2.30000E-03 2.40000E-03 2.55000E-03 2.70000E-03
2.80000E-03 3.00000E-03 3.20000E-03 3.40000E-03 3.60000E-03
3.80000E-03 4.00000E-03 4.25000E-03 4.50000E-03 4.75000E-03
5.00000E-03 5.25000E-03 5.50000E-03 5.75000E-03 6.00000E-03
6.30000E-03 6.60000E-03 6.90000E-03 7.20000E-03 7.60000E-03
8.00000E-03 8.40000E-03 8.80000E-03 9.20000E-03 9.60000E-03
1.00000E-02 1.05000E-02 1.10000E-02 1.15000E-02 1.20000E-02
1.27500E-02 1.35000E-02 1.42500E-02 1.50000E-02 1.60000E-02
1.70000E-02 1.80000E-02 1.90000E-02 2.00000E-02 2.10000E-02
2.20000E-02 2.30000E-02 2.40000E-02 2.55000E-02 2.70000E-02
2.80000E-02 3.00000E-02 3.20000E-02 3.40000E-02 3.60000E-02
3.80000E-02 4.00000E-02 4.25000E-02 4.50000E-02 4.75000E-02
5.00000E-02 5.25000E-02 5.50000E-02 5.75000E-02 6.00000E-02
6.30000E-02 6.60000E-02 6.90000E-02 7.20000E-02 7.60000E-02
8.00000E-02 8.40000E-02 8.80000E-02 9.20000E-02 9.60000E-02
1.00000E-01 1.05000E-01 1.10000E-01 1.15000E-01 1.20000E-01
1.27500E-01 1.35000E-01 1.42500E-01 1.50000E-01 1.60000E-01
1.70000E-01 1.80000E-01 1.90000E-01 2.00000E-01 2.10000E-01
2.20000E-01 2.30000E-01 2.40000E-01 2.55000E-01 2.70000E-01
2.80000E-01 3.00000E-01 3.20000E-01 3.40000E-01 3.60000E-01
3.80000E-01 4.00000E-01 4.25000E-01 4.50000E-01 4.75000E-01
5.00000E-01 5.25000E-01 5.50000E-01 5.75000E-01 6.00000E-01
6.30000E-01 6.60000E-01 6.90000E-01 7.20000E-01 7.60000E-01
8.00000E-01 8.40000E-01 8.80000E-01 9.20000E-01 9.60000E-01
1.00000E+00 1.10000E+00 1.20000E+00 1.30000E+00 1.40000E+00
1.50000E+00 1.60000E+00 1.70000E+00 1.80000E+00 1.90000E+00
2.00000E+00 2.10000E+00 2.20000E+00 2.30000E+00 2.40000E+00
2.50000E+00 2.60000E+00 2.70000E+00 2.80000E+00 2.90000E+00
3.00000E+00 3.10000E+00 3.20000E+00 3.30000E+00 3.40000E+00
3.50000E+00 3.60000E+00 3.70000E+00 3.80000E+00 3.90000E+00
4.00000E+00 4.10000E+00 4.20000E+00 4.30000E+00 4.40000E+00
4.50000E+00 4.60000E+00 4.70000E+00 4.80000E+00 4.90000E+00
5.00000E+00 5.10000E+00 5.20000E+00 5.30000E+00 5.40000E+00
5.50000E+00 5.60000E+00 5.70000E+00 5.80000E+00 5.90000E+00
6.00000E+00 6.10000E+00 6.20000E+00 6.30000E+00 6.40000E+00
6.50000E+00 6.60000E+00 6.70000E+00 6.80000E+00 6.90000E+00
7.00000E+00 7.10000E+00 7.20000E+00 7.30000E+00 7.40000E+00
7.50000E+00 7.60000E+00 7.70000E+00 7.80000E+00 7.90000E+00
8.00000E+00 8.10000E+00 8.20000E+00 8.30000E+00 8.40000E+00
8.50000E+00 8.60000E+00 8.70000E+00 8.80000E+00 8.90000E+00
9.00000E+00 9.10000E+00 9.20000E+00 9.30000E+00 9.40000E+00
9.50000E+00 9.60000E+00 9.70000E+00 9.80000E+00 9.90000E+00
1.00000E+01 1.01000E+01 1.02000E+01 1.03000E+01 1.04000E+01
1.05000E+01 1.06000E+01 1.07000E+01 1.08000E+01 1.09000E+01
1.10000E+01 1.11000E+01 1.12000E+01 1.13000E+01 1.14000E+01
1.15000E+01 1.16000E+01 1.17000E+01 1.18000E+01 1.19000E+01
1.20000E+01 1.21000E+01 1.22000E+01 1.23000E+01 1.24000E+01
1.25000E+01 1.26000E+01 1.27000E+01 1.28000E+01 1.29000E+01
1.30000E+01 1.31000E+01 1.32000E+01 1.33000E+01 1.34000E+01
1.35000E+01 1.36000E+01 1.37000E+01 1.38000E+01 1.39000E+01
1.40000E+01 1.41000E+01 1.42000E+01 1.43000E+01 1.44000E+01
1.45000E+01 1.46000E+01 1.47000E+01 1.48000E+01 1.49000E+01
1.50000E+01 1.51000E+01 1.52000E+01 1.53000E+01 1.54000E+01
1.55000E+01 1.56000E+01 1.57000E+01 1.58000E+01 1.59000E+01
1.60000E+01 1.61000E+01 1.62000E+01 1.63000E+01 1.64000E+01
1.65000E+01 1.66000E+01 1.67000E+01 1.68000E+01 1.69000E+01
1.70000E+01 1.71000E+01 1.72000E+01 1.73000E+01 1.74000E+01
1.75000E+01 1.76000E+01 1.77000E+01 1.78000E+01 1.79000E+01
1.80000E+01 1.81000E+01 1.82000E+01 1.83000E+01 1.84000E+01
1.85000E+01 1.86000E+01 1.87000E+01 1.88000E+01 1.89000E+01
1.90000E+01 1.91000E+01 1.92000E+01 1.93000E+01 1.94000E+01
1.95000E+01 1.96000E+01 1.97000E+01 1.98000E+01 1.99000E+01
2.00000E+01
EM74 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14

28
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150000E-14
8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150000E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14
8.150001E-14 8.150001E-14 6.873484E-14 5.600000E-14 5.600000E-14
5.600000E-14 5.600000E-14 5.600000E-14 5.600000E-14 5.600000E-14
5.600000E-14 5.600000E-14 5.600000E-14 5.600000E-14 5.600000E-14
5.600000E-14 5.248643E-14 3.860000E-14 3.860000E-14 3.860000E-14
3.860000E-14 3.860000E-14 3.860000E-14 3.860000E-14 3.860000E-14
3.860000E-14 3.860000E-14 3.860000E-14 3.860000E-14 3.860000E-14
2.868630E-14 2.680000E-14 2.680000E-14 2.680000E-14 2.680000E-14
2.680000E-14 2.680000E-14 2.680000E-14 2.680000E-14 2.680000E-14
2.680000E-14 2.680000E-14 2.680000E-14 2.680000E-14 2.680000E-14
2.680000E-14 2.180780E-14 1.900000E-14 1.900000E-14 1.900000E-14
1.900000E-14 1.900000E-14 1.900000E-14 1.900000E-14 1.900000E-14
1.900000E-14 1.900000E-14 1.900000E-14 1.900000E-14 1.900000E-14
1.704472E-14 1.410000E-14 1.410000E-14 1.410000E-14 1.410000E-14
1.410000E-14 1.410000E-14 1.410000E-14 1.410000E-14 1.410000E-14
1.410000E-14 1.410000E-14 1.410000E-14 1.410000E-14 1.163597E-14
1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14
1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14
1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14 1.130000E-14
7.873931E-15 7.020000E-15 7.020000E-15 7.020000E-15 7.020000E-15
7.019999E-15 7.019999E-15 7.019999E-15 7.020000E-15 7.020000E-15
7.020000E-15 7.020000E-15 7.020000E-15 7.020000E-15 1.037336E-14
1.260000E-14 1.260000E-14 1.260000E-14 1.260000E-14 1.260000E-14
1.260000E-14 1.260000E-14 1.260000E-14 1.260000E-14 1.260000E-14
1.260000E-14 1.260000E-14 1.260000E-14 2.074937E-14 2.230000E-14
2.230000E-14 2.230000E-14 2.230000E-14 2.230000E-14 2.230000E-14
2.230000E-14 2.230000E-14 2.230000E-14 2.230000E-14 2.230000E-14
2.230000E-14 2.230000E-14 2.230000E-14 2.230000E-14 3.163453E-14
3.190000E-14 3.190000E-14 3.130140E-14 3.073432E-14 3.380112E-14
3.618200E-14 3.562070E-14 3.510668E-14 3.573138E-14 4.128704E-14
4.083160E-14 4.043920E-14 4.010984E-14 4.467759E-14 4.689223E-14
4.655599E-14 4.628279E-14 4.619871E-14 5.137447E-14 5.485679E-14
5.490270E-14 5.535838E-14 5.802403E-14 6.555197E-14 6.606789E-14
6.670989E-14 6.767497E-14 8.044950E-14 8.467016E-14 8.567915E-14
8.684575E-14 8.816994E-14 8.965174E-14 9.129113E-14 9.334816E-14
9.584648E-14 9.853391E-14 1.084542E-13 1.250793E-13 1.280075E-13
1.311880E-13 1.346206E-13 1.383054E-13 1.422424E-13 1.464315E-13
1.510822E-13 1.534486E-13 1.551352E-13 1.568692E-13 1.595975E-13
1.635637E-13 1.678732E-13 1.737430E-13 1.808070E-13 1.890018E-13
1.973035E-13 2.068292E-13 2.167606E-13 2.268477E-13 2.369691E-13
2.457259E-13 2.547703E-13 2.966746E-13 1.700984E-12 1.573180E-12
6.284317E-13 3.111726E-13 3.043199E-13 3.257436E-13 3.295769E-13
3.342257E-13 3.451605E-13 3.955551E-13 1.031178E-12 2.781502E-12
1.763341E-12 7.518363E-13 4.898409E-13 4.627482E-13 4.543149E-13
4.489280E-13 4.625640E-13 4.873511E-13 5.293554E-13 5.969527E-13
7.304994E-13 1.051926E-12 1.671792E-12 2.702303E-12 3.811961E-12
3.351383E-12 2.530920E-12 1.976025E-12 1.627710E-12 1.251536E-12
1.138010E-12 1.110216E-12 1.100739E-12 1.097359E-12 1.123826E-12
1.138833E-12 1.124431E-12 1.107382E-12 1.111196E-12 1.232056E-12
1.411564E-12 1.570182E-12 1.918369E-12 2.496793E-12 3.142857E-12
3.374583E-12 2.996745E-12 3.098622E-12 3.209526E-12 3.240908E-12
3.222954E-12 3.568570E-12 3.412037E-12 2.671975E-12 2.254917E-12
2.629831E-12 2.581979E-12 2.445751E-12 2.596572E-12 3.829193E-12

29
 3.190883E-12 2.317993E-12 2.073727E-12 2.342736E-12 2.906890E-12
3.357531E-12 3.583292E-12 3.479792E-12 3.324279E-12 3.193020E-12
3.395974E-12 4.226197E-12 4.196578E-12 3.889959E-12 3.651716E-12
4.548008E-12 5.494937E-12 5.427950E-12 5.475872E-12 6.702588E-12
7.521065E-12 7.794732E-12 9.230063E-12 1.166246E-11 1.392013E-11
1.592826E-11 1.815352E-11 2.104696E-11 2.398644E-11 2.711052E-11
3.054031E-11 3.397492E-11 3.754370E-11 4.126886E-11 4.478367E-11
4.817058E-11 5.239371E-11 5.665689E-11 6.090929E-11 6.509596E-11
6.927147E-11 7.344699E-11 7.762251E-11 8.179814E-11 8.621534E-11
9.086275E-11 9.551016E-11 1.001576E-10 1.049809E-10 1.106255E-10
1.162924E-10 1.211196E-10 1.257221E-10 1.303245E-10 1.349269E-10
1.395293E-10 1.441317E-10 1.487371E-10 1.536074E-10 1.586503E-10
1.636932E-10 1.687362E-10 1.737791E-10 1.788220E-10 1.838650E-10
1.889079E-10 1.939508E-10 1.989937E-10 2.037815E-10 2.080533E-10
2.123108E-10 2.165683E-10 2.208258E-10 2.250833E-10 2.293408E-10
2.335983E-10 2.378558E-10 2.421131E-10 2.463106E-10 2.499054E-10
2.533428E-10 2.567804E-10 2.602180E-10 2.636554E-10 2.670928E-10
2.705303E-10 2.739677E-10 2.769811E-10 2.785762E-10 2.800564E-10
2.815367E-10 2.830170E-10 2.844973E-10 2.859776E-10 2.874578E-10
2.889381E-10 2.904184E-10 2.918987E-10 2.933790E-10 2.948592E-10
2.963364E-10 2.976287E-10 2.988118E-10 2.999949E-10 3.011780E-10
3.023611E-10 3.035442E-10 3.047274E-10 3.058613E-10 3.053862E-10
3.041371E-10 3.028881E-10 3.016391E-10 3.003901E-10 2.991410E-10
2.978920E-10 2.966430E-10 2.953940E-10 2.941449E-10 2.928959E-10
2.916469E-10 2.894781E-10 2.858629E-10 2.822294E-10 2.785958E-10
2.749622E-10 2.713335E-10 2.683108E-10 2.657121E-10 2.631134E-10
2.605147E-10 2.579161E-10 2.553180E-10 2.530240E-10 2.509704E-10
2.489169E-10 2.468633E-10 2.448097E-10 2.427561E-10 2.412816E-10
2.412176E-10 2.412173E-10 2.412170E-10 2.412167E-10 2.412164E-10
2.412162E-10 2.412159E-10 2.412155E-10 2.412153E-10 2.412149E-10
2.412147E-10 2.412143E-10 2.412140E-10 2.412138E-10 2.412135E-10
2.412132E-10 2.412129E-10 2.412126E-10 2.412123E-10 2.412120E-10
2.412117E-10 2.412114E-10 2.412111E-10 2.412108E-10 2.412105E-10
2.412102E-10 2.412099E-10 2.412096E-10 2.412093E-10 2.412090E-10
2.412087E-10 2.412084E-10 2.412081E-10 2.412078E-10 2.412076E-10
2.412072E-10 2.412069E-10 2.412067E-10 2.412063E-10 2.412061E-10
2.412057E-10 2.412054E-10 2.412052E-10 2.412049E-10 2.412046E-10
2.412043E-10 2.412040E-10 2.412037E-10 2.412034E-10 2.412031E-10
2.412028E-10 2.412025E-10 2.412022E-10 2.412019E-10 2.412016E-10
2.412013E-10 2.412010E-10 2.412007E-10 2.412004E-10 2.412001E-10
C ********************
C * PHOTON TALLIES *
C ********************
F16:P 100
FM16 1.602E-08
FC16 Secondary Gamma Dose [Rad(TLD)/Src-Neutron]
C
F44:P 100
FC44 Secondary Gamma Fluence in TLD [Gamma/cm^2/Src-Neutron]
C
F54:P 200
FC54 Secondary Gamma Fluence in Al [Gamma/cm^2/Src-Neutron]
C
NPS 50000000
DBCN 12j 70917 6j

30
APPENDIX B – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for TLD Activation Dose
from β-Decay – 20F
Model of TLD-400 with Al Equilibrator for F-20 Beta Spectrum
C **********************************************************************
C * CELL CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
C C |Mat | Density | X-plane | Y-plane | Z-plane | Import- | Comment
C # | # | | L R | L R | B T | ance |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
100 1 -3.1000 -100 IMP:E=1 $TLD-400
200 2 -2.7100 100 -200 IMP:E=1 $Al equil.
300 0 200 IMP:E=0 $Void

C **********************************************************************
C * SURFACE CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
C Srf|Sym-| Dim-1 | Dim-2 | Dim-3 | Comment
C # | bol| | | |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
100 rpp -0.15000 0.15000 -0.15000 0.15000
-0.04445 0.04445 $TLD-400 (0.3x0.3x0.0889 cm)
200 rpp -0.40000 0.40000 -0.40000 0.40000
-0.27305 0.27305 $Al equilibrator (0.8x0.8x0.5461 cm)

C **********************************************************************
C * DATA CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
MODE E $Beta transport
PHYS:E 100.0
C ********************
C * SOURCE CARDS *
C ********************
SDEF SUR=0 CEL=100 AXS=0 0 1 ERG=D1 RAD=D2 EXT=D3 POS=0 0 0
C Energy distribution is from Browne and Firestone disregarding the
C betas below 100 keV
SI1 0.100 0.300 0.600 1.300 2.500 5.000
5.395
SP1 0.0000 0.00912 0.02596 0.12127 0.35179 0.48910
0.00276
SI2 0 0.15
SI3 0.04445
C ********************
C * MATERIAL CARDS *
C ********************
M1 9000.02p 0.643333 20000.02p 0.321667
25000.02p 0.035000 $TLD-400
C 1100-Al (soft Al)
M2 13000.02p 0.9920 14000.02p 4.8214e-3
25000.02p 2.4648e-4 26000.02p 2.4247e-3
29000.02p 5.1142e-4 $Al equilibrator
C ********************
C * ELECTRON TALLIES *
C ********************
*F18:E 100
FC18 Energy Deposited [MeV/Src-Beta]
C
NPS 50000
PRINT 10
PRDMP 1j -100 0 2

31
APPENDIX C – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for TLD Activation Dose
from Delayed γ’s After β-Decay – 20F
Model of TLD-400 with Al Equilibrator for F-19 Decay Gamma Spectrum
C **********************************************************************
C * CELL CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
C C |Mat | Density | X-plane | Y-plane | Z-plane | Import- | Comment
C # | # | | L R | L R | B T | ance |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
100 1 -3.1000 -100 IMP:P=1 $TLD-400
200 2 -2.7100 100 -200 IMP:P=1 $Al equil.
300 0 200 IMP:P=0 $Void

C **********************************************************************
C * SURFACE CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
C Srf|Sym-| Dim-1 | Dim-2 | Dim-3 | Comment
C # | bol| | | |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
100 rpp -0.15000 0.15000 -0.15000 0.15000
-0.04445 0.04445 $TLD-400 (0.3x0.3x0.0889 cm)
200 rpp -0.40000 0.40000 -0.40000 0.40000
-0.27305 0.27305 $Al equilibrator (0.8x0.8x0.5461 cm)

C **********************************************************************
C * DATA CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
MODE P $Decay gamma transport
PHYS:P 100.0
C ********************
C * SOURCE CARDS *
C ********************
SDEF SUR=0 CEL=100 AXS=0 0 1 ERG=D1 RAD=D2 EXT=D3 POS=0 0 0
C Energy distribution is from Browne and Firestone
SI1 L 1.633602 3.332540
SP1 D 0.999910 0.000090
SI2 0 0.15
SI3 0.04445
C ********************
C * MATERIAL CARDS *
C ********************
M1 9000.02p 0.643333 20000.02p 0.321667
25000.02p 0.035000 $TLD-400
C 1100-Al (soft Al)
M2 13000.02p 0.9920 14000.02p 4.8214e-3
25000.02p 2.4648e-4 26000.02p 2.4247e-3
29000.02p 5.1142e-4 $Al equilibrator
C ********************
C * ELECTRON TALLIES *
C ********************
F16:P 100
C FM card is 1.602E-08*1.00009
C There are 1.00009 gammas per beta decay
FM16 1.602144e-8
FC16 Decay Gamma Dose [Rad(TLD)/Beta Decay]
C
NPS 20000000
PRINT 10
PRDMP 1j -100 0 2

32
APPENDIX D – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for TLD Activation Dose
from Internal Bremsstrahlung After β-Decay – 20F
Model of TLD-400 with Al Equilibrator for F-20 IB Spectrum
C **********************************************************************
C * CELL CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
C C |Mat | Density | X-plane | Y-plane | Z-plane | Import- | Comment
C # | # | | L R | L R | B T | ance |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
100 1 -3.1000 -100 IMP:P=1 $TLD-400
200 2 -2.7100 100 -200 IMP:P=1 $Al equil.
300 0 200 IMP:P=0 $Void

C **********************************************************************
C * SURFACE CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
C Srf|Sym-| Dim-1 | Dim-2 | Dim-3 | Comment
C # | bol| | | |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
100 rpp -0.15000 0.15000 -0.15000 0.15000
-0.04445 0.04445 $TLD-400 (0.3x0.3x0.0889 cm)
200 rpp -0.40000 0.40000 -0.40000 0.40000
-0.27305 0.27305 $Al equilibrator (0.8x0.8x0.5461 cm)

C **********************************************************************
C * DATA CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
MODE P $Decay gamma transport
PHYS:P 100.0
C ********************
C * SOURCE CARDS *
C ********************
SDEF SUR=0 CEL=100 AXS=0 0 1 ERG=D1 RAD=D2 EXT=D3 POS=0 0 0
C Energy distribution is from Browne and Firestone
SI1 0.001 0.010 0.020 0.040 0.100 0.300 0.600 1.300 2.500
5.000 5.395
SP1 0.0000 0.0129 0.4500 0.4500 0.5800 0.6500 0.3500 0.3000 0.1450
0.0340 4.8e-6
SI2 0 0.15
SI3 0.04445
C ********************
C * MATERIAL CARDS *
C ********************
M1 9000.02p 0.643333 20000.02p 0.321667
25000.02p 0.035000 $TLD-400
C 1100-Al (soft Al)
M2 13000.02p 0.9920 14000.02p 4.8214e-3
25000.02p 2.4648e-4 26000.02p 2.4247e-3
29000.02p 5.1142e-4 $Al equilibrator
C ********************
C * ELECTRON TALLIES *
C ********************
F16:P 100
C FM card is 1.602E-08*0.029379
C There are 0.029379 IB per beta decay
FM16 4.7065235E-10
FC16 Internal Bremmstrahlung Dose [Rad(TLD)/Beta Decay]
C
NPS 20000000
PRINT 10
PRDMP 1j -100 0 2

33
APPENDIX E – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for Aluminum Activation
Dose from β-Decay – 28Al
Beta Energy Deposited in TLD from Activated Al6061 (Al-28)
C **********************************************************************
C * CELL CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
C C |Mat | Density | X-plane | Y-plane | Z-plane | Import- | Comment
C # | # | | L R | L R | B T | ance |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
100 1 -3.1000 -100 IMP:E=1 $TLD-400
200 2 -2.7100 100 -200 IMP:E=1 $Al equil.
300 0 200 IMP:E=0 $Void

C **********************************************************************
C * SURFACE CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
C Srf|Sym-| Dim-1 | Dim-2 | Dim-3 | Comment
C # | bol| | | |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
100 rpp -0.15000 0.15000 -0.15000 0.15000
-0.04445 0.04445 $TLD-400 (0.3x0.3x0.0889 cm)
200 rpp -0.40000 0.40000 -0.40000 0.40000
-0.27305 0.27305 $Al equilibrator (0.8x0.8x0.5461 cm)

C **********************************************************************
C * DATA CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
MODE E $Beta transport
PHYS:E 100.0
C ********************
C * SOURCE CARDS *
C ********************
SDEF SUR=0 CEL=200 AXS=0 0 1 ERG=D1 RAD=D2 EXT=D3 POS=0 0 0
C Energy distribution is from Browne and Firestone disregarding the
C betas below 100 keV
SI1 0.100 0.300 0.600 1.300 2.500 2.863
SP1 0.0000 0.04294 0.10912 0.38395 0.45267 0.01132
SI2 0.15 0.40
SI3 0.27305
C ********************
C * MATERIAL CARDS *
C ********************
M1 9000.02p 0.643333 20000.02p 0.321667
25000.02p 0.035000 $TLD-400
C 1100-Al (soft Al)
M2 13000.02p 0.9920 14000.02p 4.8214e-3
25000.02p 2.4648e-4 26000.02p 2.4247e-3
29000.02p 5.1142e-4 $Al equilibrator
C ********************
C * ELECTRON TALLIES *
C ********************
*F18:E 100
FC18 Energy Deposited [MeV/Src-Beta]
C
NPS 50000
PRINT 10
PRDMP 1j -100 0 2
DBCN 12j 14333 6j

34
APPENDIX F – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for Aluminum Activation
Dose from Delayed γ’s After β-Decay – 28Al
Model of TLD-400 with Al Equilibrator for Al-28 Decay Gamma Spectrum
C **********************************************************************
C * CELL CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
C C |Mat | Density | X-plane | Y-plane | Z-plane | Import- | Comment
C # | # | | L R | L R | B T | ance |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
100 1 -3.1000 -100 IMP:P=1 $TLD-400
200 2 -2.7100 100 -200 IMP:P=1 $Al equil.
300 0 200 IMP:P=0 $Void

C **********************************************************************
C * SURFACE CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
C Srf|Sym-| Dim-1 | Dim-2 | Dim-3 | Comment
C # | bol| | | |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
100 rpp -0.15000 0.15000 -0.15000 0.15000
-0.04445 0.04445 $TLD-400 (0.3x0.3x0.0889 cm)
200 rpp -0.40000 0.40000 -0.40000 0.40000
-0.27305 0.27305 $Al equilibrator (0.8x0.8x0.5461 cm)

C **********************************************************************
C * DATA CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
MODE P $Decay gamma transport
PHYS:P 100.0
C ********************
C * SOURCE CARDS *
C ********************
SDEF SUR=0 CEL=200 AXS=0 0 1 ERG=1.778988 RAD=D2 EXT=D3 POS=0 0 0
C Energy distribution is from Browne and Firestone
SI2 0.15 0.40
SI3 0.27305
C ********************
C * MATERIAL CARDS *
C ********************
M1 9000.02p 0.643333 20000.02p 0.321667
25000.02p 0.035000 $TLD-400
C 1100-Al (soft Al)
M2 13000.02p 0.9920 14000.02p 4.8214e-3
25000.02p 2.4648e-4 26000.02p 2.4247e-3
29000.02p 5.1142e-4 $Al equilibrator
C ********************
C * ELECTRON TALLIES *
C ********************
F16:P 100
C FM card is 1.602E-08*1.000
C There are 1.000 gammas per beta decay
FM16 1.602E-8
FC16 Decay Gamma Dose [Rad(TLD)/Beta Decay]
C
C
NPS 20000000
PRINT 10
PRDMP 1j -100 0 2

35
APPENDIX G – MCNP4C3 Sample Input Deck for TLD Activation Dose
from Internal Bremsstrahlung After β-Decay – 28Al
IB Energy Deposited in TLD from Activated Al6061 (Al-28)
C **********************************************************************
C * CELL CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
C C |Mat | Density | X-plane | Y-plane | Z-plane | Import- | Comment
C # | # | | L R | L R | B T | ance |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
100 1 -3.1000 -100 IMP:P=1 $TLD-400
200 2 -2.7100 100 -200 IMP:P=1 $Al equil.
300 0 200 IMP:P=0 $Void

C **********************************************************************
C * SURFACE CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
C Srf|Sym-| Dim-1 | Dim-2 | Dim-3 | Comment
C # | bol| | | |
C ---+----+---------+---------+---------+-------------------------------
100 rpp -0.15000 0.15000 -0.15000 0.15000
-0.04445 0.04445 $TLD-400 (0.3x0.3x0.0889 cm)
200 rpp -0.40000 0.40000 -0.40000 0.40000
-0.27305 0.27305 $Al equilibrator (0.8x0.8x0.5461 cm)

C **********************************************************************
C * DATA CARDS *
C **********************************************************************
MODE P $IB transport
PHYS:P 100.0
C ********************
C * SOURCE CARDS *
C ********************
SDEF SUR=0 CEL=200 AXS=0 0 1 ERG=D1 RAD=D2 EXT=D3 POS=0 0 0
C Energy distribution is from Browne and Firestone
SI1 0.001 0.010 0.020 0.040 0.100 0.300 0.600 1.300 2.500
2.863
SP1 0.0000 0.0800 0.3000 0.2900 0.3700 0.3800 0.1800 0.1140 0.0200
3.1e-5
SI2 0.15 0.40
SI3 0.27305
C ********************
C * MATERIAL CARDS *
C ********************
M1 9000.02p 0.643333 20000.02p 0.321667
25000.02p 0.035000 $TLD-400
C 1100-Al (soft Al)
M2 13000.02p 0.9920 14000.02p 4.8214e-3
25000.02p 2.4648e-4 26000.02p 2.4247e-3
29000.02p 5.1142e-4 $Al equilibrator
C ********************
C * PHOTON TALLIES *
C ********************
F16:P 100
C FM card is 1.602E-08*0.01734031
C There are 0.01734031 IB per beta decay
FM16 2.777918E-10
FC16 Internal Bremmstrahlung Dose [Rad(TLD)/Beta Decay]
C
NPS 20000000
PRINT 10
PRDMP 1j -100 0 2

36
DISTRIBUTION:

MS 1146 K. O. Reil, 6423 (1) Dr. Ian S. Hamilton (1)

MS 1179 J. R. Lee, 15340 (1) Texas A&M University
MS 1142 J. W. Bryson, 6431 (1) Department of Nuclear Engineering
MS 1142 R. A. Farmer, 6431 (1) 3133 TAMU
MS 1142 M. J. Burger, 6431 (1) College Station, TX 77843-3133
MS 1142 L. E. Martin, 6431 (1)
MS 1142 J. T. Ford, 6431 (1)
MS 1142 R. S. Domingues, 6431 (1) Dr. John G. Williams (1)
MS 1142 L. L. Lippert, 6431 (1) Director, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory
MS 1142 R. D. Gomez, 6431 (1) Engineering Building (20)
MS 1142 R. D. Beets, 6431 (1) University of Arizona
MS 1179 D. E. Beutler, 15341 (1) P. O. Box 210020
MS 1179 R. J. Hohlfelder, 15341 (1) Tucson, AZ 85721-0020
MS 0744 D. B. King 6424 (1)
MS 1136 D. W. Vehar, 6433 (1) Dr. Craig R. Heimbach (1)
MS 1141 E. J. Parma, 6424 (1) Aberdeen Test Center
MS 1146 A. J. Suo-Anttila, 6423 (1) STECS-RS, Bldg. 860
MS 1146 P. J. Cooper, 6423 (1) Aberdeen PG, MD 21005-5059
MS 1146 K. R. DePriest, 6423 (15)
MS 1146 P. J. Griffin, 6423 (1) Dr. David M. Gilliam (1)
MS 1146 S. M. Luker 6423 (1) NIST
MS 1146 G. A. Harms 6423 (1) REACT/A-106
MS 9018 Central Technical Files, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
8945-1 (1)
MS 0899 Technical Library, 9616 (2) Dr. T. Michael Flanders (1)
MS 0612 Review & Approval Desk, Reactor Physics Division
9612, (1) (for DOE/OST) STEWS DT R
WSMR, NM 88002-5158
Dr. Leslie A. Braby (1)
Texas A&M University Dr. James M. Adams (1)
Department of Nuclear Engineering Building 235/A156
3133 TAMU NIST
College Station, TX 77843-3133 Gaithersburg, MD 20899

Dr. John R. Ford, Jr. (1) Ms. Mary Helen Sparks (1)
Texas A&M University Reactor Physics Division
Department of Nuclear Engineering STEWS-NR-AT-R
3133 TAMU WSMR, NM 88002-5158
College Station, TX 77843-3133

37