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DIAMAGNETISM Final Phy Project

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56 views

DIAMAGNETISM Final Phy Project

Uploaded by

Redwater254
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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“DIAMAGNETISM IN SALT

VS TAP WATER”

PHYSICS PROJECT REPORT


SUBMITTED BY:
D. ARSHAVARDHAAN
C.S. LALITH
N. NAGHUL PRANAV

GRADE XII-A1
THE INDIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL
ERODE
2023-2024
CERTIFICATE
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled


“DIAMAGNETISM IN SALT VS TAP WATER” is the
bonafide record of work done by C.S. LALITH,
Examnumber: ____________ in the partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of the 12 th standard during the
academic year 2023-2024.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to thank the School Management for
providing me the support for my project. I extend my heartfelt thanks
and profound gratitude to our Principal, Mr. Atul Runthala for his
support during my project work.
It gives me a great pleasure in expressing my gratification to our
Academic Director Mrs. Latha Maheshwari and Academic
Co-ordinators Mrs. Radhai Shanmugamand Mr. Nedumaran, for
assisting and guiding us for the completion of the work.
I wholeheartedly express my deep sense of indebtedness and
obligation to my teacher Mr. Deepakar P T., Department of Physics
for his motivation, guidance and constant encouragement for the
successful completion of the task.
I would also like to thank the management employees and trainees of
TIPS who have helped us in preparing this project by sharing the
required information.
I extend my sincere gratitude to all the faculty members of the
Physics Department for their support during my project work.
Finally, I would like to thank my family members for their
understanding and support throughout the process of completing the
project.

With regards
CONTENT
S.No Topic
1. Aim
2. Introduction
3. Properties of Diamagnetism
4. Materials Required
5. Procedure
6. Observation
7. Diagram
8. Conclusion
9. Salt effect on water
10. Magnetic Neutralization and salt
Water
11. Salt Water and Electromagnetism

12. Uses of Diamagnetism


13. Bibliography
AIM:
To study which is more diamagnetic,
salt water or tap water.
INTRODUCTION:
 The main constituent part in every material is
the atom and atom has electrons which are
continuously revolving around the positively
charged nuclei.

 Due to this motion of the electron around the


nuclei, a magnetic field is generated and this
property of the material is known as
Diamagnetism.

 The magnetic field developed is so weak that it


does not exhibit its effect externally.

 All the materials in the universe are


diamagnetic.

 When an external magnetic field applied to


the materials the orbital motion of electrons
changes and a small induced magnetic moment
establishes which is opposite to the direction
of the external magnetic field.
 Under the influence of strong external
magnetic field diamagnetic materials attract
towards the areas where the magnetic field is
weak. It is such a weak property of the
material that does not affect everyday life.

 Magnetic substances are divided into three


characteristics depending on their properties.

 They are diamagnetic substances,


paramagnetic substances and ferromagnetic
substances.
 The substances which when placed in an
external magnetizing field, get magnetized
feebly in a direction opposite to the
magnetizing field are called diamagnetic
substances.
 Diamagnetic substances get magnetized in a
direction opposite to the magnetizing field.
 Examples of a diamagnetic substance are
copper, silver, gold, bismuth, zinc, lead, glass,
marble, sodium chloride, water and gases such
as helium and argon.
DIAMAGNETIC PROPERTIES:

 In Diamagnetic materials, there are no atomic


dipoles since the resulting magnetic moment of
each atom is zero, that is because of the paired
electrons and these are repelled by a magnet.
 Because of this repulsion, the substances in it have
a propensity to shift from a strong to a weak
section of the external magnetic field in a non-
uniform field.
 Magnetization 'I', which is proportional to the field,
has a very low intensity and is also negative.
 These have a low and negative magnetic
susceptibility and the relative permeability is just
under unity.
 The magnetic dipole moment is tiny and polarized
in the opposite direction as the magnetic field 'H'.
 If a Diamagnetic liquid is placed in a watch glass
between two pole pieces that are very near to one
another, liquid collects on the sides and depression
appears in the centre, where the field is greatest.
 When a liquid is put on a watch glass placed over
two pole pieces that are sufficiently separated
apart, the liquid accumulates in the middle, where
the field is weakest.
 The source of diamagnetism is an induced dipole
moment created by a shift in the orbital motion of
electrons in atoms caused by the applied field.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
 Rubber
 Magnets
 Angel food pie tin
 Food colouring
 Timer
 Tape

ANGEL FOOD PIE TIN


PROCEDURE:
1) Gather the necessary materials (Rubber ducks
optional)
2) Place the magnets and the rubber in the angel food pie
tin with the rubber behind the magnets, with even amount
of space between the magnets.
3) Fill the angel food pie tin with 4 cups of tap water,
then wait for 30 seconds
4) After 30 seconds, put 3 drops of food colouring in the
water and mark spot with tape.
5) Immediately after putting the three drops in the water
start the timer.
6) As soon as the colour drops have gone all of the way
around to where they were originally put in, stop the
timer.
7) Record results and repeat steps 3 - 6 three times.
8) Fill the angel food pie tin with 4 cups of salt water and
then wait for 30 seconds.
9) After 30 seconds, put 3 drops of food colouring in the
water.
10) Immediately after putting the three drops in water
start the timer.
11) As soon as the colour has gone all of the way around
to where they were originally put in, stop the timer.
12) Repeat steps 8 - 11 three times.
13)Record and conclude your
results.
OBSERVATION:

Trial Magnets Magnets Electromagnets Electromagnets

1. 30+minutes 30+minutes 30+minutes 28+minutes

2. 30+minutes 30+minutes 30+minutes 27+minutes

Salt Tap Salt Tap Salt


Or
tap
DIAGRAM:

ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS

ADDING OF SALT IN WATER

DIAMAGNETIC WATER
CONCLUSION:
 Water is diamagnetic, which means that it exerts a
weak magnetic field, and repels other magnetic
fields.
 If a magnet is suspended over water, the water's
diamagnetism will repel the magnet.
 This weakens the magnet's effect on other objects.
 When salt is added to water, it weakens the water's
magnetic field further, so that it ceases to have any
significant effect on other magnetic fields.
 However, salt water conducts electricity better than
non-salt water, so magnets placed near it can cause
significant turbulence in the water.
SALT EFFECT ON WATER:
 The addition of salt lessens water's
diamagnetic properties.
 In addition, salt raises the freezing point and
lowers the boiling point of water.
 Salt also strengthens the water's ability to
conduct electricity.
 Due to these effects, magnets do not affect salt
water the same way that they do regular water.
MAGNET NEUTRALIZATION
& SALT WATER:
 Water's diamagnetism will neutralize the effect
of magnets on objects on or near the water.
 A magnet suspended or immersed in water
will lose some or all of its effect until removed
from the water.
 Salt water has less of an effect on magnets
placed near it than regular water because the
salt lowers the water's diamagnetism.
 A magnet placed near or in salt water will
continue to attract magnetic objects in the
water.
SALT WATER AND ELECTROMAGNETS:
 Salt water conducts electricity more
efficiently than fresh water, and its
conductive properties create a moving
magnetic field when an electromagnet is
placed nearby.
 Then, the salt water creates an opposing
magnetic field, causing turbulence (erratic
changes in pressure and flow velocity) in the
water.
 When a charged magnet comes into contact
with salt water, the ions flow through the
metal to become stabilized, resulting in the
electrical field.
USES OF DIAMAGNETISM:
 Because diamagnetism is the outflow of
magnetic fields within a material, big and
powerful Diamagnetic materials can be
levitated, or levitate magnets.
 In superconductors, the Diamagnetic response
results in zero internal magnetic fields.
 Perfect diamagnets are superconductors that
have a blue colour and expel all of their
external magnetic fields.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 https://sciencing.com/three-ways-polarity-water-
molecules-affect-behavior-water-10036437.html
 https://www.1000sciencefairprojects.com/
Physics/salt-water-vs-tap-water.php
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamagnetism
 https://www.apexmagnets.com/news-how-tos/how-
saltwater-affects-magnets/
 https://www.vedantu.com/iit-jee/diamagnetic-
materials

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