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Assignment 6

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CHE 312 – Assignment no.

6
Q.1) To cool a storehouse in the summer
without using a conven7onal air-condi7oning
system, the owner decided to hire an engineer to
design an alterna7ve system that would make use
of the water in the nearby lake. The engineer
decided to flow air through a thin smooth 10-cm-
diameter copper tube that is submerged in the
nearby lake. The water in the lake is typically
maintained at a constant temperature of 15°C and
a convec7on heat transfer coefficient of 1000 W/m2.K. If air (1 atm) enters the copper tube at
a mean temperature of 30°C with an average velocity of 2.5 m/s, determine the necessary
copper tube length so that the outlet mean temperature of the air is 20°C. (Ans. 6.74m)

Q.2) Hot air at 60°C leaving the furnace of a house


enters a 12-m-long sec7on of a sheet metal duct of
rectangular cross sec7on 20 cm x 20 cm at an average
velocity of 4 m/s. The thermal resistance of the duct is
negligible, and the outer surface of the duct, whose
emissivity is 0.3, is exposed to the cold air at 10°C in the
basement, with a convec7on heat transfer coefficient
of 10 W/m2K. Taking the walls of the basement to be at
10°C also, determine (a) the temperature at which the
hot air will leave the basement and (b) the rate of heat
loss from the hot air in the duct to the basement. (Ans: 45.1°C, 2622W). Hint: You will have three
equaBons in Q, Ts and Te that need to be solved simultaneously).

Q.3) A concentric annulus tube has


inner and outer diameters of 25 mm and
100 mm, respec7vely. Liquid water flows
at a mass flow rate of 0.05 kg/s through
the annulus with the inlet and outlet
mean temperatures of 20°C and 80°C,
respec7vely. The inner tube wall is maintained with a constant surface temperature of 120°C,
while the outer tube surface is insulated. Determine the length of the concentric annulus tube.
Assume flow is fully developed. (Ans. 38.5m)
Q.4) Show that the volume expansion coefficient of an ideal gas is β = 1/T, where T is the
absolute temperature.
Q.5) Consider the velocity and temperature profiles for air-flow in a tube with diameter of
50 cm can be expressed as u(r) = 0.05[1 - (r/R)2 ] and T(r) = 400 +80(r/R)2 -30(r/R)3 with units
in m/s and K, respec7vely. Determine the average velocity and mean temperature. Is it
possible to evaluate the value of the convec7ve heat transfer and heat flux to the cylinder?
Ans.(0.025m/s, 420K, Yes).

Q.6) An incandescent lightbulb is an inexpensive but highly


inefficient device that converts electrical energy into light.
It converts about 10 percent of the electrical energy it consumes
into light while conver7ng the remaining 90 percent into heat.
The glass bulb of the lamp heats up very quickly as a result of
absorbing all that heat and dissipa7ng it to the surroundings by
convec7on and radia7on. Consider an 8-cm-diameter 60-W
lightbulb in a room at 25°C. The emissivity of the glass is 0.9.
Assuming that 10 percent of the energy passes through the glass bulb as light with negligible
absorp7on and the rest of the energy is absorbed and dissipated by the bulb itself by natural
convec7on and radia7on, determine the equilibrium temperature of the glass bulb. Assume
the interior surfaces of the room to be at room temperature. (Ans: Approx. 170o C)

Q.7) In a plant that manufactures canned aerosol paints, the cans are temperature-tested
in water baths at 55°C before they are shipped to ensure that they withstand temperatures
up to 55°C during transporta7on and shelving (as shown in Fig.). The cans, moving on a
conveyor, enter the open hot water bath, which is 0.5 m
deep, 1 m wide, and 3.5 m long, and move slowly in the
hot water toward the other end. Some of the cans fail
the test and explode in the water bath. The water
container is made of sheet metal, and the en7re
container is at about the same temperature as the hot
water. The emissivity of the outer surface of the
container is 0.7. If the temperature of the surrounding
air and surfaces is 20°C, determine the rate of heat loss from the four side surfaces of the
container (disregard the top surface, which is open). The water is heated electrically by
resistance heaters, and the cost of electricity is INR 8.5/kWh. If the plant operates 24 h a day
365 days, determine the annual cost of the heat losses from the container for this facility.
(Ans. 1499W, INR 111600)

Q.8) Consider the above problem again. In order to reduce the hea7ng cost of the hot
water, it is proposed to insulate the side and bocom surfaces of the container with 5-cm-thick
fiberglass insula7on (k = 0.035 W/m·°C) and to wrap the insula7on with aluminum foil
(emissivity= 0.1) in order to minimize the heat loss by radia7on. An es7mate is obtained from
a local insula7on contractor, who proposes to do the insula7on job for INR. 35000, including
materials and labor. Would you support this proposal? How long will it take for the insula7on
to pay for itself from the energy it saves? (Ans. Yes. Around 4 months)
Q9.) A 0.2 m x 0.2 m street sign surface has an absorp7vity of 0.6 and
an emissivity of 0.7. Solar radia7on is incident on the street sign at a rate
of 200 W/m2 , and the surrounding quiescent air is at 25°C. Determine
the surface temperature of the street sign. Assume the film temperature
is 30°C. (Ans. 38.7°C)

Q.10) Consider a 3-m-high rectangular


enclosure consis7ng of two surfaces separated
by a 0.1-m air gap at 1 atm. If the surface
temperatures across the air gap are 30°C and –
10°C, determine the ra7o of the heat transfer
rate for the horizontal orienta7on (with hocer
surface at the bocom) to that for ver7cal
orienta7on. Use the correla7ons given in the
text book for the enclosures. Also, show that
the thermal resistance of a rectangular enclosure can be expressed as R = Lc /(Ak Nu), where
k is the thermal conduc7vity of the fluid in the enclosure. (Ans: 1.66)

Q.11) A 15-cm-diameter horizontal cylinder has a surface


temperature that is maintained at 120°C. Water at 40°C is
flowing across the cylinder with a velocity of 0.2 m/s. Determine
the Nusselt number if the water is flowing (a) upward and (b)
downward.

Q.12) A manufacturer makes absorber plates that


Solar radia*on 700 W/m2
are 1.2 m X 0.8 m in size for use in solar collectors.
The back side of the plate is heavily insulated, while
its front surface is coated with black chrome, which
has an absorp7vity of 0.87 for solar radia7on and an
emissivity of 0.09. Consider such a plate placed
horizontally outdoors in calm air at 25°C. Solar
radia7on is incident on the plate at a rate of 700
W/m2 . Taking the effec7ve sky temperature to be
10°C, determine the equilibrium temperature of the
absorber plate. (Ans: 115.6°C)

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