Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech គឺជាការសិកាទ ាទលើថ្នាក់ពាកយដែលបង្គុំចល

ូ គ្នាទែើមបីបទងកើតបានជាពាកយសមតី។

1. Noun នាម
2. Verb កិរិយាសព្ទ
3. Adverb គុណកិរិយា
4. Adjective គុណនាម
Parts of Speech
5. Pronoun សព្វនាម
6. Preposition ធ្នាក់
7. Conjunction ឈ្នាប់
8. Interjection ឧទានសព្ទ

I. Noun
Noun is a name of person, plant, place animal, thing and abstract.
នាមគឺជាទឈ្្ាោះរបស់មនុសសសតវវតថគរក
ុ ខជាតទីកដនែងនិងនាមអរូបបិយ។

Person: lawyer teacher king cameraman housewife

Plant: ivy pine palm cherry mushroom

Place: school home pagoda beach mountain

Animal: monkey panda dragon goat hippo

Thing: marker knife chair table computer

Abstract: aim hope ambition friendship idea

Kinds of noun ប្បទេទរបស់នាម

Proper Noun

Noun Uncountable Noun

Singular Noun
Common Noun Regular Pl Noun
Countable Noun
Plural Noun
Irregular Pl Noun
Proper Noun នាមអសាធ្ារណៈ
Proper Noun គឺជាទឈ្្ាោះជាក់លាក់របស់មនុសសសតវវតថន
គ ិងទីកដនែង។ទ ើយសរទសរទ្តើមទ ាយអកស័រធុំ។

Example: Cambodia Kong Kea Angkor Wat

Led Zep Café Phnom Penh Switzerland

Common Noun នាមសាធ្ារណៈ

Common Nounគឺជាទឈ្្ាោះទូទ ារបស់មនុសសសតវវតថគរក

ុ ខជាិិតនិងទីកដនែង។ទ យ
ើ សរទសរអកសរតូច។

Example: people bicycle desk

house computer town

Uncountable Noun នាមរាប់មិនបាន

Uncountable Noun គឺសុំទ ាទ ាទលើបរិមាណ ឧស្័នវតថគរាវនិង្នតន

់ុំ ិត។

Example: wood sand dirt

Gas glue anger

Countable Noun នាមរាប់បាន

Example: telephone house leader

table tomato card

Singular Noun នាមឯកវចនៈ

សុំទ ាទ ាទលើនាមដែលមានចុំនន
ួ មួយទ យ
ើ ជាទូទ ាទប្បើជាមួយ a an & one.

Example: one child a university an orange

an eye a book one window

Plural Noun នាមព្ ុវចនៈ

សុំទ ាទ ានាមដែលមានចុំនួនចាប់ព្ី២ទ ើងទ ា។

Example: two babies three monkey 10 keys

five dogs doors radios

Regular Plural Noun នាមដប្បប្បួល

ការដប្បប្បួលរបស់នាម

- Case 1: នាមភាគទប្ចើនប្គ្ាន់ដតបដនថម s។
- Case 2: នាមដែលបញ្ចប់ ch, sh , o, x, s, ss និង z ប្តូវបដនថម es។
- Case 3: នាមបញ្ចប់ទ ាយ Y ប្តូវបតូរ Y ទ ាជា i រួចបដនថម es។

- Case 4: នាមដែលបញ្ចប់ទ ាយ yទ ាដកបរ y ជា vowel ប្តូវបដនថម s។

- Case 5: នាមដែលបញ្ចប់ទ ាយ Vowel + Vowel ប្តូវបដនថម s។

- Case 6: នាមដែលបញ្ចប់ទ ាយ f/fe ប្តូវបតូរ f/fe ទ ាជា v រួចបដនថម es។

Irregular Plural Noun: នាមមិនដប្បប្បួល

Vowel a, e , i , o ,u
Irregular Plural Noun
Singular Noun Plural Noun
man men
woman women
child children
ox oxen
person people
foot feet
tooth teeth
mouse mice
sheep sheep
goose geese
fish fish
deer deer
louse lice
Pronoun សព្វនាម

A pronoun is a word which takes the place of noun in order to avoid repeating
the same noun.
សព្វនាមគឺជាពាកយដែលជុំនួសទ ាយនាមទែើមបីទជៀសវាងការនិយាយនាមទនាោះែដែល។

There are 7 types of Pronouns

1. Personal Pronoun
2. Possessive Pronoun
3. Reflexive Pronoun
Pronoun 4. Demonstrative Pronoun
5. Indefinite Pronoun
6. Interrogative Pronoun
7. Relative Pronoun

1. Personal Pronoun: សព្វនាមផ្ទាល់ខ្ែួន

Personal Pronoun, There are 2 Subject Pronoun and Object Pronoun.

Subject Pronoun មានមុខ្ងារជាប្បធ្ានកនគងប្បទយាគ។(ទែើម)

Object Pronoun គឺជាអនករងអុំទព្ើរព្ីសកម្ភាព្ទ យ

ើ វាឈរទ ាដកបរកិរិយាសព្ទនិងធ្នាក់។(ចុង)

Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun

I me
We us
You you
They them
He him
She her
It it

Example: Pheaktra leaves the class early because he is busy.

My unlce likes living at the beach, and he also likes living at the mountain too.

Your cat is there. It is playing outside.

Nita and Jingouy are eating. They will finish soon.

 2. Possessive Pronoun សព្វនាមកម្សិទធ

ព្ួកទយើងទរៀន Possessive Pronoun ទែើមបីជន

ុំ ួសន័យទ ាយគុណនាមកម្សទ
ិ ធទែើមបីទជៀសវាង្តល់
ព្ត៌មានែដែល។

Form: Possessive Adjective + Noun = Possessive Pronoun

Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun

My Mine
Your Yours
Our Ours
Their Theirs
His His
Her Hers
Its

Example: I lost my cell phone. I really love mine.

Whose book is this? It’s mine.

3. Reflexive Pronoun សព្វនាមចុំណាុំផ្ាែ ក

ិព្ួកទយើងទប្បើ Reflexive Pronoun ទ ាទព្ល Subject & Object ជាមនុសសដតមួយ។

Subject Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun

I Myself
We Ourselves
You Yourself/ Yourselves
They Themselves
He Himself
She Herself
It Itself

Example:

I can live by myself.

 4. Demonstrative Pronoun សព្វនាមចងអល
គ

We use Demonstrative Pronoun to point out thing.

ព្ួកទយើងទប្បើសព្វនាមចងអគលទែើមបីចងអល
គ អវីមយ
ួ ។

This is ទនោះគឺជា Short distance

These are ទាុំងទនោះគឺជា
That is ទនាោះគឺជា Long distance
Those are ទាុំងទនាោះគឺជា

Example: This is a car. These are my cars

That is a bird. Those are birds.

5. Indefinite Pronoun សព្វនាមមិនចាស់លាស់

សព្វនាមមិនចាស់លាស់គឺសុំទ ាទ ាទលើមនុសសវតថគឬទីកដនែងមិនចាស់លាស់

Always Singular Always Plural Singular & Plural

each anyone both none
every anybody many some
one anything other more
either no one several most
neither no body few any
another nothing fewer all
everyone someone
everybody somebody
everything something

Example: No one can treat her well like that nurse.

Someone is playing outside.

Both of them are good at English.

All animals are in the zoo.

 6. Interrogative Pronoun សព្វនាមសុំនួរ

We use interrogative pronoun to ask someone.

ព្ួកទយើងទប្បើសព្វនាមសុំណួរទែើមបីសួរនរណាមនាក់។

Interrogative Pronoun

Thing Thing & People People

What Which Who Whom Whose

- Which asks about choice.

- What asks about thing.
- Who asks about subject.
- Whom asks about object. (to, by, for, with)
- Whose asks about possessive.

Form: Interrogative Pro + Auxiliary V +………?

7. Relative Pronoun សព្វនាមទុំនាក់ទុំនង

We use Relative Pronoun to give more information about person thing and
situation.

ទយើងទប្បើ Relative Pronoun ទែើមបីប្បាប់ព្ត៌មានបដនថមទទៀតអុំព្ីមនុសសវតថគនិងសថានភាព្។

There are 5 Relative Pronoun

Subject Object Possessive

Who Whom Whose
Which Which
That

- We use who and whom for people.

- We use Which for thing.
- We use That for people and thing.
 Verb កិរយ
ិ ាសព្ទ

កិរិយាសព្ទគជ
ឺ ាពាកយដែលបងហាញអុំព្ស
ី កម្ភាព្ action និងសភាព្ state។

សកម្ភាព្គឺសុំទ ាទ ាទលើចលនាននរាងកាយ។ Physical Moment

Example: eat, drink, learn, listen, play, run, come, open, go etc…

សភាព្សុំទ ាទ ាទលើចលនាននការគិត។ Mental Moment

Example: admire, adore, appreciate, trust, desire, dislike, doubt, envy etc…..

Verb

Auxiliary Verb Semi- Auxiliary Verb Lexical Verb

Have to Active Verb Stative Verb

Modal Auxi V Primary Auxi V
Be going to

Be allowed to

Marginal Modal Be supposed to

Modal Verb Instrative Verb Linking Verb
V Be bound to/ sure to

Be likely to
Complete IV
Be set to
can Need do
Be due to Transitive Verb
could Dare be
Be able to
will Ought to have Incomplete IV
would Used to

shall Mono- transitive V

should

may Di-transitive V

might

must Complex Transitive V

 1. Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary Verb គឺជាកិរិយាសព្ទដែលមានមុខ្ងារសប្មាប់ជយ
ួ Lexical Verb ដែមទាុំងបងហាញទ ា

attitude aspect passive ែល់ main verb។

លកខណៈព្ិទសសរបស់ Main Verb

1. ប្តូវការ Bare Infinitive ដែលជា Main Verb ឈរទ ាព្ីទប្កាយវា ាច់ខាត។

2. ប្តូវទប្បើសប្មាប់ជួយ្តល់ attitude/ idea ែល់ Main Verb។
3. ជាកិរិយាសព្ទដែលមានមុខ្ងារជា Finite Verb ដតបុទណ្ាោះ។
4. ជាកិរិយាសព្ទដែលព្ុុំមាន Subject Verb Agreement ។
5. ជាកិរិយាប្គ្ាន់ដតដែមពាកយ not ទ ាព្ីទប្កាយវាទែើមបីទធវើ់ទ ាជាប្បទយាគបែិទសែ។

6. ជាកិរិយាសព្ទដែលប្គ្ាន់ដតទលើកវា ាក់ទ ាព្ីមុខ្ប្បធ្ានទែើមបីទធវវើ ាទ ាជាប្បទយាគបែិទសែឬសុំណួ

រ។ Interrogative

Example: I learn about Verb.

She shouldn’t kill the president.

Can I come in?

Does she dare to cheat during exam?

Where can we visit?

 2. Lexical Verb
Lexical Verb គឺជាកិរយ
ិ ាសព្ទដែលមានន័យចុំៗនិងចាស់លាស់ជាទូទ ាមានមុខ្ងារព្ីរយាង

គឺFinite Verb & Non-finite Verb។

The Features of Lexical Verb

1. មានមុខ្ងារជា Finite Verb និង Non- Finite Verb។

2. ប្តូវការកិរិយាសព្ទជុំនួយ do does did មកជួយវាទែើមបីបទងកត
ើ ទប្មង់បែិទសែនិងសុំណួរ។

3. បងហាញអុំព្ីសកម្ភាព្ action និងសភាព្ state។

4. ជាកិរិយាសព្ទដែលដតងដតប្តូវការអនកបប្ងប់ន័យ Complement និងអនកព្ប្ងីកន័យ Modifiers។

5. ជាកិរិយាសព្ទដែលមាន Grammartical Transformation ។

Example: She went to Karaoke last week.

Kanika dances on the floor.

We kill some kiwis.

Dare cried bitterly.

Adjective គុណនាម

An adjective is a word that is used to modify noun or pronoun.

គុណនាមគឺជាពាកយដែលប្តូវទប្បើសប្មាប់ព្ប្ងីកន័យទ ាយនាមឬសព្វនាម។

There are 5 types of Adjectives:

- Possessive adjective
- Demonstrative adjective
- Descriptive adjective Adjective
- Interrogative Adjective
- Quantity Adjective

1. Possessive Adjective គុណនាមកម្សិទធ

We use Possessive Adjective to show something belong to somebody.

ព្ួកទយើងទប្បើគុណនាមសិទធទែើមបីបងហាញអវម
ី ួយដែលជាកម្សទ
ិ ធរបស់នរណាមនាក់។

Possessive Adjective
My His
Your Her
Our It’s
Their

2. Demonstrative Adjective គុណនាមចងអគល

We use Demonstrative Adjective to point out noun.

ព្ួកទយើងទប្បើគុណនាមចងអគលទែើមបីចងអល
គ អវីមយ
ួ ។

This ទនោះគឺជា Short distance

These ទាុំងទនោះគឺជា
That ទនាោះគឺជា Long distance
Those ទាុំងទនាោះគឺជា

Example: This hat belongs to my father.

 3. Descriptive Adjective គុណនាមសទងខប

We use Descriptive Adjective to tell kind or quality of noun.

ព្ួកទយើងទប្បើគុណនាមសទងខបទែើមបីប្បាប់អព្
ុំ ីប្បទេទឬគុណសមបតតិនននាម។

- handsome teacher - cheap phone

- ugly duck - rich kid
- beautiful teacher - angry mom
- bad boy - crazy dog
- expensive car - clever president

Example: I love my own rule.

Where is your old house?

Are there any cute dogs?

I don’t like your personal computer.

4. Interrogative Adjective គុណនាមសុំណួរ

We use Interrogative Adjective to ask someone.

ព្ួកទយើងទប្បើគុណនាមសុំណួរទែើមបីសួរនរណាមនាក់។

There are 3 What, Which and Whose.

Example: What sneakers does she wear?

Whose phone do you use?

Which country are they from?

5. Quantity Adjective គុណនាមបរិមាណ

We use Quantity Adjective to tell how much or how many.

ព្ួកទយើងទប្បើគុណនាមបរិមាណទែើមបីប្បាប់អព្
ុំ ីតនមែបុន្ាននិងចុំនួនបន
ុ ្ាន។

one, two, a, an, some, any, much, many, a little,

a few, several, more, a lot, all, etc …….
Adverb គុណកិរយ
ិ ា

An adverb is word that is used to modify a verb adjective and adverb.

គុណកិរិយាគឺជាពាកយដែលទប្បើសប្មាប់ព្ប្ងីកន័យទ ាយកិរិយាសព្ទគណ
ុ នាមនិងគុណកិរយ
ិ ា។

There are 5 types of Adverbs:

- Frequency
- Time
An adverb of - Place
- Manner
- Degree

Example: Pheaktra sings “ She’s gone “ beautifully.

Kimlang is very gentle and kind.

Lysen thinks very carefully.

Adverb

Frequency always, usually, sometimes, often, occasionally, hardly ever, seldom

Time today, yesterday, tomorrow, now, soon, then……………

Place here, there, inside, outside, above, below, under………….

Manner badly, happily, sadly, slowly, quickly, well, fast………………..

Degree so, very, too, quite, really……………………..

Example: They usually get up at 7 am.

Do you study today?

He lives here.

You run very fast.

 1. Adverb of Frequency

2. Adverb of Time

tomorrow, tonight, yesterday, now, then, today, early, next day/ time / year,
later, soon, last day/ month/ year etc………………

Example: Tong went to the zoo last week.

Monea will present tomorrow.

I will talk to you later.

3. Adverb of Place

here, there, inside, outside, above, below, under, away, in, out, far, behind,
etc……

Example: Chivorn stays inside.

She sits under the tree.

Jingouy goes away.

 4. Adverb of Place

here, there, inside, outside, above, below, under, away, in, out, far, behind,
abroad etc……

Example: He stays inside.

Lisa reads a book under the tree.

They go away.

5. Adverb of Manner

badly, happily, sadly, slowly, quickly, well, fast, loudly, gently, carefully, etc

Example: Monea and Makara speak gently.

Sokrith does the exercise well.

Tong plays football happily.

6. Adverb of Degree

so, very, too, quite, really, almost, just, enough, extremely

…………………….

Example: I almost fall down.

Long is quite tall.

He eats too much.

She reads very fast.

Preposition ធ្នាក់

Preposition is a word that is used to link between the noun and pronoun in a
sentence.

ធ្នាក់គជ
ឺ ាពាកយដែលមានមុខ្ងារទែើមបីភជាប់រវាងនាមនិងសព្វនាមទ ាកនគងប្បទយាគ។

There are 2 types of Prepositions

- Simple Preposition
- Compound Preposition
1. Simple Preposition

about as but inside past

above before by into regarding

across behind to like through

after below during of towards

against beneath except on under

along beside for opposite upon

among between from outside with

around beyond in over without

2. Compound preposition

according to apart from in addition to next to out of

ahead of aside from in spite to an account of owing of

along with because of instead of on top of in spite to