Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

4.3 EXERCISE
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Using the properties of determinants in Exercise 1 to 6, evaluate:

x2 - x + 1 x - 1
Q1.
x+1 x+1

x2 - x + 1 x - 1
Sol. Let D =
x+1 x+1
C1  C1 – C2
x2 - 2x + 2 x - 1
=
0 x+1
= (x + 1) (x2 – 2x + 2) – 0
= x3 – 2x2 + 2x + x2 – 2x + 2 = x3 – x2 + 2

a+x y z
Q2. x a+y z
x y a+z
a+x y z
Sol. Let D = x a+y z
x y a+z
C1  C1 + C2 + C3
a+x+y+z y z 1 y z
= a + x + y + z a + y z = ( a + x + y + z) 1 a + y z
a+x+y+z y a+z 1 y a+z
(Taking a + x + y + z common)
R1  R1 - R2, R2  R2 - R3
0 -a 0
= ( a + x + y + z) 0 a -a
1 y a+z
Expanding along C1 = ( a + x + y + z) 1( a 2 - 0) = a2(a + x + y + z)

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

0 xy 2 xz 2
Q3. x2 y 0 yz 2
x 2 z zy 2 0
0 xy 2 xz 2
Sol. Let D = x 2 y 0 yz 2
x 2 z zy 2 0
Taking x2, y2 and z2 common from C1, C2 and C3 respectively
0 x x
= x 2 y 2 z 2 y 0 y
z z 0
Expanding along R1

2 2 2
È 0 y y y y 0 ˘
= x y z Í 0 -x +x ˙
ÍÎ z 0 z 0 z z ˙˚
2 2 2
= x y z ÎÈ- x(0 - yz) + x( yz - 0) ˚˘
= x2y2z2(xyz + xyz) = x2y2z2(2xyz) = 2x3y3z3
3x -x + y -x + z
Q4. x-y 3y z-y
x-z y-z 3z

3x -x + y -x + z
Sol. Let D = x - y 3y z- y
x- z y - z 3z
C1  C1 + C2 + C3

x + y + z -x + y -x + z
= x + y + z 3y z-y
x+y+z y-z 3z
Taking (x + y + z) common from C1
1 -x + y -x + z
= ( x + y + z ) 1 3y z-y
1 y-z 3z
R1  R1 – R2, R2  R2 – R3
0 - x - 2y - x + y
= ( x + y + z) 0 2 y + z - y - 2 z
1 y-z 3z

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

Expanding along C1
È - x - 2y - x + y ˘
= ( x + y + z) Í1 ˙
ÎÍ 2 y + z - y - 2 z ˙˚
= ( x + y + z) ÎÈ( - x - 2 y ) ( - y - 2 z) - (2 y + z) ( - x + y )˘˚
= (x + y + z) (xy + 2zx + 2y2 + 4yz + 2xy – 2y2 + zx – zy)
= (x + y + z) (3xy + 3zx + 3yz) = 3(x + y + z) (xy + yz + zx)
x+4 x x
Q5. x x+4 x
x x x+4

x+4 x x
Sol. Let D = x x+4 x
x x x+4
C1  C1 + C2 + C3
3x + 4 x x
= 3 x + 4 x + 4 x
3x + 4 x x+4
Taking (3x + 4) common from C1
1 x x
= ( 3 x + 4 ) 1 x + 4 x
1 x x+4

R1  R1 – R2, R2  R2 – R3
0 -4 0
= (3 x + 4) 0 4 -4
1 x x+4
Expanding along C1
È -4 0 ˘
= (3 x + 4) Í1 ˙ = (3x + 4) (16 – 0) = 16(3x + 4)
ÍÎ 4 - 4 ˙˚
a-b-c 2a 2a
Q6. 2b b-c-a 2b
2c 2c c-a-b
a-b-c 2a 2a
Sol. Let D = 2b b-c-a 2b
2c 2c c-a-b

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 Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

R1  R1 + R2 + R3

a + b + c a + b + c a+ b + c
= 2b b-c-a 2b
2c 2c c-a-b
Taking (a + b + c) common from R1
1 1 1
= ( a + b + c ) 2b b - c - a 2b
2c 2c c-a-b
C1  C1 – C2, C2  C2 – C3
0 0 1
= ( a + b + c ) b + c + a - (b + c + a) 2b
0 a+b+c c-a-b
Taking (b + c + a) from C1 and C2
0 0 1
= ( a + b + c )3 1 - 1 2b
0 1 c-a-b
Expanding along R1

3
È 1 -1 ˘ 3
= ( a + b + c ) Í1 ˙ = ( a + b + c) .
ÍÎ 0 1 ˙˚

Using the properties of determinants in Exercises 7 to 9, prove that:

y2 z2 yz y + z
Q7. z2 x2 zx z + x = 0
x2 y 2 xy x + y

y2 z2 yz y+z
2 2
Sol. L.H.S. = z x zx z+x
2 2
x y xy x + y
R1  xR1, R2  yR2, R3  zR3 and dividing the determinant
by xyz.
xy 2 z 2 xyz xy + zx
1
= yz 2 x 2 yzx yz + xy
xyz
zx 2 y 2 zxy zx + zy

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

Taking xyz common from C1 and C2

xyz ◊ xyz yz 1 xy + zx
= zx 1 yz + xy
xyz xy 1 zx + zy
3  C3 + C1
C
yz 1 xy + yz + zx
= xyz zx 1 xy + yz + zx
xy 1 xy + yz + zx
Taking (xy + yz + zx) common from C3
yz 1 1
= ( xyz) ( xy + yz + zx) zx 1 1
xy 1 1
yz 1 1
= ( xyz) ( xy + yz + zx) zx 1 1 =0
xy 1 1
[ C2 and C3 are identical]
L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.

y+z z y
Q8. z z+x x = 4 xyz
y x x+y
y+z z y
Sol. L.H.S. = z z+x x
y x x+y
C1  C1 –(C2 + C3)
0 z y

= - 2x z + x x
- 2x x x+y
Taking –2 common from C1

0 z y

= -2 x z + x x
x x x+y
R2  R2 – R3

0 z y
= -2 0 z -y
x x x+y

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

Expanding along C1
= - 2 ÈÎ x - zy - zy ˘˚ = – 2(– 2xyz) = 4xyz R.H.S.

L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Hence, proved.
a2 + 2a 2a + 1 1
Q9. 2 a + 1 a + 2 1 = ( a - 1)3
3 3 1
a2 + 2a 2a + 1 1
Sol. L.H.S. = 2a + 1 a + 2 1
3 3 1
R1  R1 – R2, R2  R2 – R3
a2 - 1 a - 1 0 ( a + 1) ( a - 1) a - 1 0
= = 2( a - 1) a-1 0
2a - 2 a - 1 0
3 3 1 3 3 1
Taking (a – 1) common from C1 and C2
a+1 1 0
= ( a - 1) ( a - 1) 2 1 0
3 3 1
Expanding along C3

2
È a+1 1˘
= ( a - 1) Í1 ˙
ÍÎ 2 1 ˙˚
= (a – 1)2 (a + 1 – 2) = (a – 1)2 (a – 1) = (a – 1)3 R.H.S.
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Hence, proved.
Q10. If A + B + C = 0, then prove that
1 cos C cos B
cos C 1 cos A = 0
cos B cos A 1

1 cos C cos B
Sol. L.H.S. = cos C 1 cos A
cos B cos A 1
Expanding along C1
1 cos A cos C cos B
= 1 - cos C
cos A 1 cos A 1
cos C cos B
+ cos B
1 cos A

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

= 1(1 – cos2 A) – cos C(cos C – cos A cos B)

+ cos B (cos A cos C – cos B)
= sin2 A – cos2 C + cos A cos B cos C
+ cos A cos B cos C – cos2 B
= sin2 A – cos2 B – cos2 C + 2 cos A cos B cos C
= – cos (A + B)  cos (A – B) – cos2 C + 2 cos A cos B cos C
[ sin2 A – cos2 B = – cos (A + B)  cos (A – B)]
= – cos (– C)  cos (A – B) + cos C (2 cos A cos B – cos C)
[ A + B + C = 0]
= – cos C(cos A cos B + sin A sin B)
+ cos C(2 cos A cos B – cos C)
= – cos C(cos A cos B + sin A sin B – 2 cos A cos B + cos C)
= – cos C(– cos A cos B + sin A sin B + cos C)
= cos C(cos A cos B – sin A sin B – cos C)
= cos C[cos(A + B) – cos C ]
= cos C[cos (– C) – cos C] [ A + B = – C]
= cos C[cos C – cos C] = cos C  0 = 0 R.H.S.
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Hence, proved.
Q11. If the coordinates of the vertices of an equilateral triangle with
sides of length ‘a‘ are (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3), then
2
x1 y1 1
3a 4
x2 y 2 1 = .
4
x3 y 3 1

Sol. Area of triangle whose vertices are (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3)
x y1 1
1 1
= x2 y2 1
2 x y3 1
3
2
x1 y1 1 x y1 1
Let D = 1 x y2 1 fi
1 1
D 2 = x2 y2 1
2 x2 y3 1 4 x y3 1
3 3
3 2
But area of equilateral triangle whose side is ‘a‘ = a
2
4
2 x1 y1 1
Ê 3 2ˆ 1
 ÁË a ˜ = x2 y2 1
4 ¯ 4
x3 y3 1

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

2 2
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
3 4 1 3 4 3
 a = x2 y2 1  x2 y2 1 = a ¥ 4 = a4
16 4 16 4
x3 y3 1 x3 y3 1
Hence, proved.
È 1 1 sin 3q ˘
Q12. Find the value of q satisfying - 4 3 cos 2q ˙ = 0 .
Í
Í ˙
ÎÍ 7 - 7 - 2 ˚˙
È 1 1 sin 3q ˘
Í - 4 3 cos 2q ˙
Sol. Let A= Í ˙ =0
ÎÍ 7 - 7 - 2 ˚˙
1 1 sin 3q
A = - 4 3 cos 2q = 0
7 -7 -2
C1  C1 – C2
0 1 sin 3q
 -7 3 cos 2q = 0
14 -7 -2
Taking 7 common from C1
0 1 sin 3q
 7 - 1 3 cos 2q = 0
2 -7 -2
0 1 sin 3q
 - 1 3 cos 2q = 0
2 -7 -2
Expanding along C1
1 sin 3q 1 sin 3q
 1 +2 =0
-7 -2 3 cos 2q
 –2 + 7 sin 3q + 2 (cos 2q – 3 sin 3q) = 0
 – 2 + 7 sin 3q + 2 cos 2q – 6 sin 3q = 0
 – 2 + 2 cos 2q + sin 3q = 0
 – 2 + 2 (1 – 2 sin2 q) + 3 sin q – 4 sin3 q = 0
 – 2 + 2 – 4 sin2 q + 3 sin q – 4 sin3 q = 0

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

 – 4 sin3 q – 4 sin2 q + 3 sin q = 0

 – sin q(4 sin2 q + 4 sin q – 3) = 0
sin q = 0 or 4 sin2 q + 4 sin q – 3 = 0
 q = np or 4 sin2 q + 6 sin q – 2 sin q – 3 = 0
when n  I
 2 sin q(2 sin q + 3) –1 (2 sin q + 3) = 0
 (2 sin q + 3) (2 sin q – 1) = 0
 2 sin q + 3 = 0 or 2 sin q – 1 = 0
-3 1
sin q = or sin q =
2 2
-3
sin q = is not possible as – 1  x  1
2
1 p p
\ sin q = fi sin q = sin fi q = np + ( - 1)n ◊
2 6 6
p
Hence, q = np or np + ( - 1)n
6
È4 - x 4 + x 4 + x˘
Q13. If Í 4 + x 4 - x 4 + x ˙ = 0, then find values of x.
Í ˙
ÎÍ 4 + x 4 + x 4 - x ˚˙
È4 - x 4 + x 4 + x˘
Í 4 - x 4 + x˙ = 0
Sol. Let A = Í4 + x ˙
ÍÎ 4 + x 4 + x 4 - x ˙˚
4-x 4+x 4+x
A = 4+x 4-x 4+x = 0
4+x 4+x 4-x

R1  R1 + R2 + R3

12 + x 12 + x 12 + x
 4+x 4-x 4+x = 0
4+x 4+x 4-x
Taking (12 + x) common from R1,
1 1 1
 (12 + x) 4 + x 4 - x 4 + x = 0
4+x 4+x 4-x
C1  C1 – C2, C2  C2 – C3

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

0 0 1
(12 + x ) 2 x − 2 x 4 + x = 0
0 2x 4 − x
Expanding along R1
È 2x - 2x ˘
 (12 + x) Í1 ◊ ˙ =0
ÍÎ 0 2 x ˙˚
(12 + x) (4x2 – 0) = 0  12 + x = 0 or 4x2 = 0
 x = – 12 or x = 0
Q14. If a1, a2, a3, …, ar are in G.P., then prove that the determinant
ar +1 ar + 5 ar + 9
ar + 7 ar +11 ar +15 is independent of r.
ar +11 ar +17 ar + 21
Sol. If a1, a2, a3, … ar be the terms of G.P., then
an = ARn–1
(where A is the first term and R is the common ratio of the G.P. )
 ar+1 = ARr+1–1 = ARr; ar+5 = ARr+5–1 = ARr+4
ar+9 = AR r + 9 -1 = AR r + 8 ; ar+7 = ARr+7–1 = ARr+6
ar+11 = ARr+11–1 = AR­r+10; ar+15 = ARr+15–1 = ARr+14
ar+17 = AR r +17 -1 = AR r +16 ; ar+21 = ARr+21–1 = ARr+20
 The determinant becomes
AR r AR r + 4 AR r + 8
r +6
AR AR r +10 AR r +14
AR r +10 AR r +16 AR r + 20


Taking ARr, ARr+6 and ARr+10 common from R1, R2 and R3
respectively.
1 R4 R8
r+6 r + 10
AR ⋅ AR
r
⋅ AR 1 R4 R8
1 R6 R 10
r+6 r + 10
= AR ⋅ AR ⋅ AR
r
0
[ R1 and R2 are identical rows]
= 0
Hence, the given determinant is independent of r.
Q15. Show that the points (a + 5, a – 4), (a – 2, a + 3) and (a, a) do not
lie on a straight line for any value of a.
Sol. If the given points lie on a straight line, then the area of the
triangle formed by joining the points pairwise is zero.

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

a+5 a-4 1
So, a-2 a+3 1
a a 1
R1  R1 – R2, R2  R2 – R3

7 -7 0
 -2 3 0
a a 1
Expanding along C3
7 -7
1◊ = 21 - 14 = 7 units
-2 3
As 7  0. Hence,, the three points do not lie on a straight line
for any value of a.
Q16. Show that the DABC is an isosceles triangle if the determinant
1 1 1
D= 1 + cos A 1 + cos B 1 + cos C = 0.
2 2 2
cos A + cos A cos B + cos B cos C + cos C
1 1 1
Sol. 1 + cos A 1 + cos B 1 + cos C =0
2 2 2
cos A + cos A cos B + cos B cos C + cos C
C1  C1 – C2, C2  C2 – C3

0 0 1
 cos A – cos B cos B – cos C 1 + cos C
=0
cos 2 A + cosA cos 2 B + cos B cos 2 C + cos C
– cos B – cos B – cos 2 C – cos C
2

0 0 1
 cos A – cos B cos B – cos C 1 + cos C
=0
cos 2 A - cos 2 B cos 2 B - cos 2 C cos 2 C + cos C
+ cos A – cos B + cos B – cos C
0 0 1
cos A - cos B cos B - cos C 1 + cos C
 =0
(cos A + cos B) ¥ (cos B + cos C) ¥
2
(cos A - cos B) (cos B - cos C) cos C + cos C
+(cos A – cos B) + (cos B + cos C)

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12


Taking (cos A – cos B) and (cos B – cos C) common from C1
and C2 respectively.
0 0 1
 (cos A - cos B) (cos B - cos C) 1 1 1 + cos C = 0
cos A + cos B + cos 2 C +
cos B + 1 cos C + 1 cos C
Expanding along R1
È 1 1 ˘
(cos A - cos B) (cos B - cos C) Í1 ˙=0
 Í cos A + cos B + ˙
ÍÎ cos B + 1 cos C + 1 ˚˙
È(cos B + cos C + 1) - ˘
 (cos A - cos B) (cos B - cos C) Í ˙=0
Î(cos A + cos B + 1) ˚
 (cos A - cos B) (cos B - cos C) ÈÎ cos B + cos C + 1 - cos A - cos B - 1˘˚ = 0
 (cos A – cos B) (cos B – cos C) (cos C – cos A) = 0
cos A – cos B = 0 or cos B – cos C = 0
or cos C – cos A = 0
 cos A = cos B or cos B = cos C or cos C = cos A
 A = C or B = C  A = B
Hence, DABC is an isosceles triangle.
È0 1 1˘ A 2 - 3I
Q17. Find A–1 if A = Í 1 0 1 ˙ and show that A -1 = .
Í1 1 0˙ 2
Î ˚
È0 1 1˘
Sol. Here, A = Í 1 0 1˙
Í ˙
ÍÎ 1 1 0 ˙˚
0 1 1 1 1 0
|A| = 0 -1 +1
1 0 1 0 1 1
= 0 – 1 (0 – 1) + 1 (1 – 0)
= 1 + 1 = 2  0 (non-singular matrix.)
Now, co-factors,
0 1 1 1 1 0
a
11 =
+ = - 1, a12 = - = 1, a13 = + =1
1 0 1 0 1 1

1 1 0 1 0 1
a21 = - = 1, a22 = + = - 1, a23 = - =1
1 0 1 0 1 1

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 Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

1 1 0 1 0 1
a31 = + = 1, a32 = - = 1, a33 = + = -1
0 1 1 1 1 0
È- 1 1 1˘ ¢ È - 1 1 1˘
Adj (A) = Í 1 -1 1˙ = Í 1 - 1 1˙
Í ˙ Í ˙
ÍÎ 1 1 - 1˙˚ ÍÎ 1 1 - 1˙˚
È- 1 1 1˘
1 1Í

 –1
A = Adj (A) = 1 -1 1˙
A 2Í ˙
ÍÎ 1 1 - 1˙˚
È0 1 1˘ È0 1 1˘
Í 0 1˙ Í 1 0 1˙
Now, A2 = A ◊ A = Í 1 ˙Í ˙
ÍÎ 1 1 0 ˙˚ ÍÎ 1 1 0 ˙˚
È0 + 1 + 1 0 + 0 + 1 0 + 1 + 0˘ È2 1 1˘
Í 1 + 0 + 1 1 + 0 + 0˙ = Í 1 2 1˙
= Í 0 + 0 + 1 ˙ Í ˙
ÍÎ 0 + 1 + 0 1 + 0 + 0 1 + 1 + 0 ˙˚ ÍÎ 1 1 2 ˚˙
È2 1 1˘
Í ˙
Hence, A2 = Í 1 2 1 ˙
ÍÎ 1 1 2 ˙˚
A 2 - 3I
Now, we have to prove that A–1 =
2
È2 1 1˘ È1 0 0˘
Í 1 2 1˙ - 3 Í0 1 0˙
Í ˙ Í ˙
ÎÍ 1 1 2 ˚˙ ÎÍ 0 0 1 ˚˙
R.H.S. =
2
È2 1 1˘ È3 0 0˘
Í 1 2 1˙ - Í0 3 0˙
Í ˙ Í ˙ È- 1 1 1˘
ÍÎ 1 1 2 ˙˚ ÍÎ 0 0 3 ˙˚ 1Í
= = Í 1 -1 1˙
2 2 ˙
Í
Î 1 1 - 1˚˙
= A–1 = L.H.S.
Hence, proved.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
È 1 2 0˘
Í ˙
Q18. If A = Í - 2 - 1 - 2 ˙ , find A–1. Using A–1, solve the system of
ÍÎ 0 - 1 1˙˚
linear equations x – 2y = 10, 2x – y – z = 8, –2y + z = 7.

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

Sol. Given that

È 1 2 0˘
Í - 2 - 1 - 2˙
A= Í ˙
ÍÎ 0 - 1 1˙˚
-1 - 2 -2 -2 È - 2 - 1˘
|A| = 1 -2 +0Í ˙
-1 1 0 1 Î 0 - 1˚
= 1(–1 – 2) – 2(–2 – 0) + 0
= – 3 + 4 = 1  0 (non-singular matrix.)
Now co-factors,
-1 - 2 -2 -2 - 2 -1
a11 = + = - 3, a12 = - = 2 , a13 = + =2
-1 1 0 1 0 -1
2 0 1 0 1 2
a21 = - = - 2, a22 = + = 1 , a23 = - =1
-1 1 0 1 0 -1
2 0 1 0 1 2
a31 = + = - 4, a32 = - = 2 , a33 = + =3
-1 - 2 -2 -2 - 2 -1

È - 3 2 2 ˘¢ È - 3 - 2 - 4 ˘
Adj (A) = Í - 2 1 1˙ = Í 2 1 2˙
Í ˙ Í ˙
ÍÎ - 4 2 3 ˙˚ ÍÎ 2 1 3 ˙˚

È - 3 - 2 - 4˘
1 1
 A–1 = Adj(A) = Í 2 1 2˙
A 1Í ˙
ÍÎ 2 1 3 ˙˚
È - 3 - 2 - 4˘
Í 2˙
 A–1 = Í 2 1
˙
ÍÎ 2 1 3 ˙˚

Now, the system of linear equations is given by x – 2y = 10,
2x – y – z = 8 and – 2y + z = 7, which is in the form of CX = D.
È1 -2 0˘ È x˘ È10 ˘
Í 2 - 1 - 1˙ Í y ˙ = Í 8 ˙
Í ˙Í ˙ Í ˙
ÍÎ 0 - 2 1˙˚ ÍÎ z ˙˚ ÍÎ 7 ˙˚
È1 -2 0˘ Èx˘ È10 ˘
where C = Í 2 - 1 - 1˙ , X = Í y ˙ and D = Í 8 ˙
Í ˙ Í ˙ Í ˙
ÍÎ 0 - 2 1˙˚ ÍÎ z ˙˚ ÍÎ 7 ˙˚

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

 (AT)–1 = (A–1)T
È 1 2 0˘
 CT = Í - 2 - 1 - 2 ˙ = A
Í 0 -1 1˙˚
Î
È x˘ È x ˘ È - 3 2 2 ˘ È10 ˘
Í y˙ –1 Í y ˙ Í - 2 1 1˙ Í 8 ˙
 Í ˙ = C D  Í ˙ = Í ˙Í ˙
ÍÎ z ˙˚ ÍÎ z ˙˚ ÍÎ - 4 2 3 ˙˚ ÍÎ 7 ˙˚
È x˘ È - 30 + 16 + 14 ˘ È x˘ È 0˘
Í y˙ Í - 20 + 8 + 7 ˙ Í ˙ Í ˙
 Í ˙ = Í ˙  Í y ˙ = Í - 5˙
ÍÎ z ˙˚ ÎÍ - 40 + 16 + 21˚˙ ÍÎ z ˙˚ ÍÎ - 3 ˙˚
Hence, x = 0, y = – 5 and z = – 3
Q19. Using matrix method, solve the system of equation
3x + 2y – 2z = 3, x + 2y + 3z = 6, 2x – y + z = 2.
Sol. Given that
3x + 2y – 2z = 3
x + 2y + 3z = 6
2x – y + z = 2
È3 2 - 2˘ È 3˘
Let A = Í1 2 3 ˙ and B = Í 6 ˙
Í 1˚˙ Í ˙
Î2 - 1 Î2˚
2 3 1 3 1 2
|A| = 3 -2 -2
-1 1 2 1 2 -1
= 3(2 + 3) – 2(1 – 6) – 2(– 1 – 4)
= 15 + 10 + 10 = 35  0 non-singular matrix
Now, co-factors,
2 3 1 3 1 2
a11 = + = 5, a12 = - = 5, a13 = + = -5
-1 1 2 1 2 -1
2 -2 3 -2 3 2
a21 = - = 0, a22 = + = 7, a23 = - 2 - 1 = 7
-1 1 2 1
2 -2 3 -2 3 2
a31 = + = 10, a32 = - = - 11, a33 = + =4
2 3 1 3 1 2

È 5 5 -5 ˘ ¢ È 5 0 10 ˘
Í ˙ Í 5 7 - 11˙
Adj (A) = Í 0 7 7˙ = Í ˙
ÍÎ10 - 11 4 ˙˚ ÍÎ - 5 7 4 ˙˚

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

È 5 0 10 ˘
1 1 Í
\ A–1 = Adj (A) = 5 7 - 11˙
A 35 Í ˙
ÍÎ - 5 7 4 ˙˚
Now, X = A–1B
È x˘ È 5 0 10 ˘ È 3 ˘ È 15 + 0 + 20 ˘ È 35 ˘
Í y˙ 1 Í ˙ Í ˙ 1 Í ˙ 1 Í ˙
\ Í ˙= 5 7 - 11 6 = 35
35 Í ˙ Í ˙ 35 Í 15 + 42 - 22 ˙ = 35 Í ˙
ÎÍ z ˚˙ ÍÎ - 5 7 4 ˙˚ ÍÎ 2 ˙˚ ÍÎ - 15 + 42 + 8 ˙˚ ÍÎ 35 ˚˙

È x˘ È1˘
Í y˙ Í1˙

Í ˙= Í ˙
ÍÎ z ˙˚ ÎÍ1˚˙
Hence, x = 1, y = 1 and z = 1.

È 2 2 - 4˘ È 1 - 1 0˘
Í 2 - 4 and B = Í 2
˙ 3 4 ˙ , then find BA and
Q20. If A = Í - 4 ˙ Í ˙
ÍÎ 2 - 1 5 ˙˚ ÍÎ 0 1 2 ˙˚
use this to solve the system of equations y + 2z = 7, x – y = 3 and
2x + 3y + 4z = 17.
È 2 2 - 4˘ È 1 - 1 0˘
Sol. We have, A = Í - 4 2 - 4 ˙ and B = Í 2 3 4˙
Í ˙ Í ˙
ÍÎ 2 - 1 5 ˙˚ ÍÎ 0 1 2 ˙˚
È 1 - 1 0˘ È 2 2 - 4˘
Í2 ˙
3 4 -4 Í 2 - 4˙
BA = Í ˙Í ˙
ÎÍ 0 1 2 ˚˙ ÎÍ 2 - 1 5 ˙˚

È 2+4+0 2-2+0 - 4 + 4 + 0˘
= 4 - 12 + 8 4 + 6 - 4 - 8 - 12 + 20 ˙
Í
Í ˙
ÍÎ 0 - 4 + 4 0 + 2 - 2 0 - 4 + 10 ˙˚

È6 0 0˘ È1 0 0˘
Í0 6 0˙ 6 Í0 1 0˙ = 6 I
= Í ˙ = Í ˙
ÍÎ 0 0 6 ˙˚ ÍÎ 0 0 1 ˙˚
È 2 2 - 4˘
1 1Í
 –1
B = A= -4 2 - 4˙
6 6Í ˙
ÍÎ 2 - 1 5 ˚˙

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

The given equations can be re-write as,

x – y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17 and y + 2z = 7
È1 - 1 0˘ È x˘ È3˘
Í2 3 4˙ Í y ˙ Í ˙
 Í ˙ Í ˙ = Í17 ˙
ÍÎ 0 1 2 ˙˚ ÍÎ z ˙˚ ÎÍ 7 ˚˙
-1
È x˘ È 1 - 1 0˘ È 3 ˘
Í y˙ Í
 Í ˙ = Í2 3 4 ˙ Í17 ˙
˙ Í ˙
ÍÎ z ˙˚ ÍÎ 0 1 2 ˙˚ ÍÎ 7 ˙˚
È 2 2 - 4˘ È 3 ˘
1Í
= -4 2 - 4 ˙ Í17 ˙
6Í ˙Í ˙
ÍÎ 2 - 1 5 ˙˚ ÍÎ 7 ˙˚
È 6 + 34 - 28 ˘ È 12 ˘ È 2 ˘
1Í ˙ 1Í ˙ Í ˙
= - 12 + 34 - 28 = -6 = -1
6Í ˙ 6Í ˙ Í ˙
ÍÎ 6 - 17 + 35 ˙˚ ÍÎ 24 ˙˚ ÍÎ 4 ˙˚
Hence, x = 2, y = – 1 and z = 4
Èa b c ˘
Q21. If a + b + c  0 and Í b c a ˙ = 0 , then prove that a = b = c.
Í c a b˙
Î ˚
Èa b c ˘
Sol. Given that: a + b + c  0 and Í b c a ˙ = 0
Í c a b˙
Î ˚
C1  C1 + C2 + C3

Èa + b + c b c˘
Í ˙
 Ía + b + c c a˙ = 0
ÍÎ a + b + c a b ˙˚

1 b c
 ( a + b + c) 1 c a = 0 (Taking a + b + c
1 a b common from C1)

1 b c
 a+b+c0  1 c a =0
1 a b
R1  R1 – R2 and R2  R2 – R3

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

0 b-c c-a
 0 c-a a-b = 0
1 a b
Expanding along C1
b-c c-a
 1 =0
c-a a-b
 (b – c) (a – b) – (c – a)2 = 0
 ab – – ac + bc – c2 – a2 + 2ac = 0
b2
 – a2 – b2 – c2 + ab + bc + ac = 0
 a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ac = 0
 2a + 2b2 + 2c2 – 2ab – 2bc – 2ac = 0
2

(Multiplying both sides by 2)

 (a2 + b2 – 2ab) + (b2 + c2 – 2bc) + (a2 + c2 – 2ac) = 0
 (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (a – c)2 = 0
It is only possible when (a – b)2 = (b – c)2 = (a – c)2 = 0
 a = b = c Hence, proved.
bc - a 2 ca - b2 ab - c 2
Q22. Prove that ca - b2 ab - c 2 bc - a 2 is divisible by a + b + c
ab - c 2 bc - a 2 ac - b2
and find the quotient.
bc - a 2 ca - b2 ab - c 2
2
Sol. Let D = ca - b ab - c 2 bc - a 2
ab - c 2 bc - a 2 ac - b2
C1  C1 + C2 + C3
ab + bc + ac - a 2 - b2 - c 2 ca - b2 ab - c 2
 ab + bc + ac - a 2 - b2 - c 2 ab - c 2 bc - a 2
ab + bc + ac - a 2 - b2 - c 2 bc - a 2 ac - b 2
Taking ab + bc + ac – a2 – b2 – c2 common from C1
1 ca - b2 ab - c 2
( ab + bc + ac - a 2 - b2 - c 2 ) 1 ab - c 2 bc - a 2
1 bc - a 2 ac - b2
R1  R1 – R2 and R2  R2 – R3

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

 ( ab + bc + ac - a 2 - b2 - c 2 )
0 ca - b2 - ab + c 2 ab - c 2 - bc + a 2
0 ab - c 2 - bc + a 2 bc - a 2 - ac + b2
1 bc - a2 ac - b2
 ( ab + bc + ac - a 2 - b2 - c 2 )
0 a(c - b) + (c + b) (c - b) b( a - c ) + ( a + c ) ( a - c )
0 b ( a - c ) + ( a + c ) ( a - c ) c( b - a ) + ( b + a ) ( b - a )
1 bc - a 2 ac - b2
 ( ab + bc + ac - a 2 - b2 - c 2 )
0 ( c - b) ( a + b + c ) ( a - c ) ( a + b + c )
0 ( a - c ) ( a + b + c ) ( b - a) ( a + b + c )
1 bc - a 2 ac - b2
 ( ab + bc + ac - a 2 - b2 - c 2 ) ( a + b + c ) ( a + b + c )
0 c-b a-c
0 a-c b-a
1 bc - a 2 ac - b2
 ( a + b + c )2 ( ab + bc + ac − a 2 − b 2 − c 2 )
0 c−b a−c
0 a−c b−a
1 bc − a 2 ac − b 2
Expanding along C1
2 2 2 2
È c-b a-c˘
 ( a + b + c ) ( ab + bc + ac - a - b - c ) Í1 ˙
ÎÍ a - c b - a ˙˚
 ( a + b + c )2 ( ab + bc + ac - a 2 - b2 - c 2 ) [(c - b) (b - a) - ( a - c )2 ]
 ( a + b + c)2 ( ab + bc + ac - a2 - b2 - c 2 ) (bc - ca - b2 + ab - a2 - c 2 + 2ac)
 ( a + b + c )2 ( ab + bc + ac - a 2 - b2 - c 2 ) ( ab + bc + ca - a 2 - b2 - c 2 )
 (a + b + c)2 (ab + bc + ac – a2 – b2 – c2)2
 (a + b + c) (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ac)2
Hence, the given determinant is divisible by a + b + c and the
quotient is
(a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ac)2
 (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ac) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ac)
 (a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ac)

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

 ( a 3 + b3 + c 3 - 3abc ) (2 a 2 + 2b2 + 2c 2 - 2 ab - 2bc - 2 ac )

1 3
 ( a + b3 + c 3 - 3abc) [( a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + ( a - c)2 ]
2
xa yb zc a b c
Q23. If x + y + z = 0, prove that yc za xb = xyz c a b
zb xc ya b c a
Sol. L.H.S.
xa yb zc
Let D = yc za xb
zb xc ya
Expanding along R1
za xb yc xb yc za
 xa - yb + zc
xc ya zb ya zb xc
 xa(yza2 – x2bc) – yb(y2ac – xzb2) + zc(xyc2 – z2ab)
 xyza3 – x3abc – y3abc + xyzb3 + xyzc3 – z3abc
 xyz(a3 + b3 + c3) – abc(x3 + y3 + z3)
 xyz(a3 + b3 + c3) – abc(3xyz)
[( x + y + z = 0) ( x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz)]
 xyz(a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc)
a b c
R.H.S. xyz c a b
b c a
R1  R1 + R2 + R3
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
 xyz c a b
b c a
1 1 1
 xyz( a + b + c ) c a b (Taking a + b + c common

b c a from R1)

C1  C1 – C2, C2  C2 – C3
0 0 1
 xyz( a + b + c ) c - a a - b b
b - c c- a a

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 Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

Expanding along R1
È c-a a-b˘
 xyz( a + b + c ) Í1 ˙
ÎÍ b - c c - a ˙˚
 xyz( a + b + c ) ÈÎ(c - a)2 - (b - c ) ( a - b) ˘˚
 xyz( a + b + c ) (c 2 + a 2 - 2ca - ab + b2 + ac - bc )
 xyz( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca )
 xyz(a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc)
[a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)]
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Hence, proved.
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (M.C.Q.)
Choose the correct answer from given four options in each of the
Exercises from 24 to 37.
2x 5 6 -2
Q24. If = , then the value of x is
8 x 7 3
(a) 3 (b) ± 3 (c) ± 6 (d) 6
Sol. Given that
2x 5 6 -2
 =
8 x 7 3
 2x2 – 40 = 18 + 14  2x2 = 32 + 40
 2x2 = 72  x2 = 36
\ x = ±6
Hence, the correct option is (c).
a-b b+c a
Q25. The value of determinant b - a c + a b is
c-a a+b c
(a) a3 + b3 + c3 (b) 3bc
(c) a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc (d) None of these
a- b b + c a
Sol. Here, we have b - a c + a b
c-a a+b c
C2  C2 + C3

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

a-b a+b+c a
 b-a a+b+c b
c-a a+b+c c
a-b 1 a
 ( a + b + c) b - a 1 b (Taking a + b + c common
c-a
1 c from C2)

R1  R1 – R2, R2  R2 – R3

2( a - b) 0 a - b
 (a + b + c) b-c 0 b-c
c-a 1 c
Taking (a – b) and (b – c) common from R1 and R2 respectively
2 0 1
 ( a + b + c ) ( a - b) ( b - c ) 1 0 1
c-a 1 c
Expanding along C2
È 2 1˘
 ( a + b + c ) ( a - b) ( b - c ) Í - 1 ˙
ÎÍ 1 1 ˚˙
 (a + b + c) (a – b) (b – c) (– 1)
 (a + b + c) (a – b) (c – b)
Hence, the correct option is (d).
Q26. The area of a triangle with vertices (– 3, 0), (3, 0) and (0, k) is
9 sq units. Then, the value of k will be
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) – 9 (d) 6
Sol. Area of triangle with vertices (x1 y1), (x2 y2) and (x3, y3) will be:

x1 y1 1 -3 0 1
1
D= 1 x y2 1  D= 3 0 1
2 x2 2
3 y3 1 0 k 1
1 È 0 1 3 1 3 0˘
 = Í- 3 -0 +1 ˙
2 ÎÍ k 1 0 1 0 k ˙˚
1
 = È-3 ( - k ) - 0 + 1 (3 k ) ˘˚
2Î
1 1
 = (3 k + 3 k ) fi (6 k ) = 3 k
2 2
3k = 9  k = 3

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

Hence, the correct option is (b).

b2 - ab b - c bc - ac
Q27. The determinant equals
ab - a 2 a - b b2 - ab
bc - ac c - a ab - a 2
(a) abc (b – c) (c – a) (a – b) (b) (b – c) (c – a) (a – b)
(c) (a + b + c) (b – c) (c – a) (a – b) (d) None of these
b2 - ab b - c bc - ac
Sol. Let D = ab - a 2 a - b b2 - ab
bc - ac c - a ab - a 2
b(b - a) b - c c(b - a)
= a(b - a) a - b b(b - a) (Taking (b – a) common
c(b - a) c - a a(b - a) from C1 and C3)

b b-c c
= (b - a)2 a a - b b
c c-a a
C1  C1 – C3
b-c b-c c
= ( a - b)2 a - b a - b b (C1 and C2 are
c -a c - a a identical columns.)
= (a – b)2  0
= 0
Hence, the correct option is (d).
sin x cos x cos x
Q28. The number of distinct real roots of cos x sin x cos x = 0
p p cos x cos x sin x
in the interval - £ x £ is
4 4
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 3
Sol. Given that
sin x cos x cos x
cos x sin x cos x = 0
cos x cos x sin x
C1  C1 + C2 + C3
2 cos x + sin x cos x cos x
 2 cos x + sin x sin x cos x = 0
2 cos x + sin x cos x sin x
Taking 2 cos x + sin x common from C1

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 Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

1 cos x cos x
 (2 cos x + sin x) 1 sin x cos x = 0
1 cos x sin x
R1  R1 – R2, R2  R2 – R3
0 cos x - sin x 0

 (2 cos x + sin x) 0 sin x - cos x cos x - sin x = 0
1 cos x sin x

È cos x - sin x 0 ˘
 (2 cos x + sin x) Í1 sin x - cos x cos x - sin x ˙
ÎÍ ˙˚
 2
(2 cos x + sin x) (cos x – sin x) = 0
2 cos x + sin x = 0 (cos x – sin x)2 = 0
2 + tan x = 0 cos x – sin x = 0
 tan x = – 2  tan x = 1
p p p
But - £x£  tan x = tan
4 4 4
p È-p p˘
 x= Œ ,
4 ÍÎ 4 4 ˙˚
So, x has no solution. So, it will have only one real
root.
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Q29. If A, B and C are angles of a triangle, then the determinant
-1 cos C cos B
cos C –1 cos A is equal to
cos B cos A -1
(a) 0 (b) – 1 (c) 1 (d) None of these
-1 cos C cos B
Sol. Let D = cos C -1 cos A
cos B cos A -1
C1  aC1 + bC2 + cC3
- a + b cos C + c cos B cos C cos B
 a cos C – b + c Cos A –1 cos A
a cos B + b cos A - C cos A -1

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

È From projection formula ˘

- a + a cos C cos B Í ˙
 -b + b -1 cos A Í a = b cos C + c cos B ˙
Í b = a cos C + c cos A ˙
- c + c cos A -1 Í ˙
ÎÍ c = b cos A + a cos B ˚˙
È 0 cos C cos B ˘
 Í ˙
Í0 -1 cos A ˙ = 0
ÍÎ 0 cos A - 1 ˙˚
Hence, the correct option is (a).

È cos t t 1 ˘ f (t )
Q30. Let f (t ) = Í 2 sin t t 2t ˙ , then lim 2 is equal to
Í sin t t t ˙ tÆ0 t
Î ˚
(a) 0 (b) – 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
È cos t t 1 ˘
Sol. We have f(t) = Í 2 sin t t 2t ˙
Í sin t t t ˙
Î ˚
Expanding along R1
t 2t 2 sin t 2t 2 sin t t
= cos t -t +1
t t sin t t sin t t
= cos t(t 2 - 2t 2 ) - t(2t sin t - 2t sin t ) + (2t sin t - t sin t )
= -t 2 cos t + t sin t
f (t ) - t 2 cos t + t sin t
\ =
t2 t2
f (t ) sin t
 = - cos t +
t 2 t
f (t ) sin t
 lim 2 = lim ( - cos t ) + lim =–1+1=0
t Æ0 t t Æ0 t Æ0 t
Hence, the correct option is (a).
Q31. The maximum value of
1 1 1
D= 1 1 + sin q 1 is (q is real number)
1 + cos q 1 1
1 3 2 3
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d)
2 2 4
1 1 1
Sol. Given that: D = 1 1 + sin q 1
1 + cos q 1 1

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

C1  C1 – C2, C2  C2 – C3
0 0 1
= - sin q sin q 1
cos q 0 1
Expanding along R1
- sin q sin q
= 1 = – sin q cos q
cos q 0
1 1
 = - ◊ 2 sin q cos q = - sin 2q
2 2
1 1
but maximum value of sin 2q = 1  - ◊ 1 =
2 2
Hence, the correct option is (a).
0 x-a x-b
Q32. If f ( x) = x + a 0 x - c , then
x+b x+c 0
(a) f (a) = 0 (b) f (b) = 0 (c) f (0) = 0 (d) f (1) = 0
0 x-a x-b
Sol. Given that: f (x) = x + a 0 x-c
x+b x+c 0
0 0 a-b
f (a) = 2a 0 a-c
a+b a+c 0
2a 0
Expanding along R1 = ( a - b)
a+b a+c
= (a – b) [2a(a + c)] = (a – b)  2a  (a + c)  0
0 b-a 0
f (b) = b + a 0 b-c
2b b + c 0
Expanding along R1
b+ a b - c
- ( b - a)
2b 0
= - (b - a) [( - 2b) (b - c )] = 2b(b – a) (b – c)  0
0 -a -b
f (0) = a 0 -c
b c 0

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

a -c a 0
Expanding along R1 = a -b
b 0 b c
= a(bc) – b(ac)= abc – abc = 0
Hence, the correct option is (c).
È 2 l - 3˘
Q33. If A = Í 0 2 5 ˙ , then A–1 exists if
Í1 1 3 ˙
Î ˚
(a) l = 2 (b) l  2 (c) l  – 2 (d) None of these
Sol. We have,
È 2 l - 3˘ 2 l -3
A = Í0 2 5 ˙  |A| = 0 2 5
Í1 1 3 ˙
Î ˚ 1 1 3
2 5 0 5 0 2
Expanding along R1 = 2 -l -3
1 3 1 3 1 1
= 2(6 – 5) – l (0 – 5) – 3(0 – 2)
= 2 + 5l + 6 = 8 + 5l
If A–1 exists then |A|  0
-8
 8 + 5l  0 so l 
5
Hence, the correct option is (d).
Q34. If A and B are invertible matrices, then which of the following
is not correct?
(a) adj A = |A|  A–1 (b) det (A)–1 = [det(A)]–1
–1
(c) (AB) = B A –1 –1 (d) (A + B)–1 = B–1 + A–1
Sol. If A and B are two invertible matrices then
(a) adj A = |A|  A–1 is correct
1
(b) det (A)–1 = [det(A)]–1 = is correct
det( A)
(c) Also, (AB)–1 = B–1A–1 is correct
1
(d) (A + B)-1 = ◊ adj (A + B)
A+B
\ (A + B)-1 π B -1 + A -1

Hence, the correct option is (d).
1+ x 1 1
Q35. If x, y, z are all different from zero an 1 1+ y 1 =0,
1 1 1+ z

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

then the value of x–1 + y–1 + z–1 is

(a) xyz (b) x–1y–1z–1 (c) – x – y – z (d) –1
Sol. Given that
1+ x 1 1
1 1+ y 1 =0
1 1 1+ z
Taking x, y and z common from R1, R2 and R3 respectively.
1 1 1
+1
x x x
 1 1 1
xyz +1 =0
y y y
1 1 1
+1
z z z
R1  R1 + R2 + R3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + +1 + + +1 + + +1
x y z x y z x y z
 1 1 1
xyz +1 =0
y y y
1 1 1
+1
z z z
1 1 1
Taking + + + 1 common from R1
x y z
1 1 1

 Ê1 1 1 ˆ 1 1 1
xyz Á + + + 1˜ +1 =0
Ëx y z ¯ y y y
1 1 1
+1
z z z
C1  C1 – C2, C2  C2 – C3
0 0 1
Ê1 1 1 ˆ 1
 xyz Á + + + 1˜ - 1 1 =0
Ëx y z ¯ y
1
0 -1 +1
z

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

Expanding along R1

Ê1 1 1 ˆ È -1 1˘
 xyz Á + + + 1˜ Í1 ˙ =0
Ëx y z ¯ ÍÎ 0 - 1 ˙˚

Ê1 1 1 ˆ
 xyz Á + + + 1˜ (1) = 0
Ëx y z ¯
1 1 1
 + + + 1 = 0 and xyz  0 (x  y  z  0)
x y z
\ x–1 + y–1 + z–1 = –1
Hence, the correct option is (d).
x x + y x + 2y
Q36. The value of the determinant x + 2 y x x + y is
x+y x + 2y x

(a) 9x2(x + y) (b) 9y2(x + y) (c) 3y2(x + y) (d) 7x2(x + y)

x x + y x + 2y
Sol. Let D = x + 2 y x x+y
x + y x + 2y x
C1  C1 + C2 + C3
3x + 3 y x + y x + 2 y
= 3x + 3 y x x+y
3x + 3 y x + 2 y x
1 x + y x + 2y
= (3 x + 3 y ) 1 x x+y
1 x + 2y x
[Taking (3x + 3y) common from C1]
R1  R1 – R2, R2  R2 – R3
0 y y
 3( x + y ) 0 - 2 y y
1 x + 2y x
Expanding along C1
È y y˘
 3( x + y ) Í1 ˙
ÎÍ - 2y y ˚˙

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 Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

 3(x + y) (y2 + 2y2)  3(x + y) (3y2)  9y2(x + y)

Hence, the correct option is (b).
Q37. There are two values of ‘a’ which makes determinant,
1 -2 5
D = 2 a - 1 = 86 , then sum of these numbers is
0 4 2a
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) – 4 (d) 9
1 -2 5
Sol. Given that, D = 2 a - 1 = 86
0 4 2a
Expanding along C1
a -1 -2 5 -2 5
1 -2 +0 = 86
4 2a 4 2a a -1
 (2a2 + 4) – 2(– 4a – 20) = 86
 2a2 + 4 + 8a + 40 = 86
 2a2 + 8a + 4 + 40 – 86 = 0
 2a2 + 8a – 42 = 0
 a2 + 4a – 21 = 0
 2
a + 7a – 3a – 21 = 0
 a(a + 7) – 3(a + 7) = 0
 (a – 3) (a + 7) = 0
\ a = 3, – 7
Required sum of the two numbers = 3 – 7 = – 4.
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Fill in the Blanks
Q38. If A is a matrix of order 3 × 3, then |3A| = _________ .
Sol. We know that for a matrix of order 3 × 3,
|KA| = K3 |A|
 3A = 33 A = 27 A
Q39. If A is invertible matrix of order 3 × 3, then |A–1| _________ .
Sol. We know that for an invertible matrix A of any order,
1 .
A -1 =
A

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

Q40. If x, y, z  R, then the value of determinant

(2 x + 2 - x )2 (2 x - 2 - x )2 1
x
-x 2 x -x 2
(3 + 3 ) (3 - 3 ) 1 is equal to _________ .
x -x 2 x -x 2
(4 + 4 ) (4 - 4 ) 1

(2 x + 2 - x )2 (2 x - 2 - x )2 1
Sol. We have, (3 + 3 ) x -x 2 x
(3 - 3 ) -x 2
1
x -x 2 x -x 2
(4 + 4 ) (4 - 4 ) 1
C1  C1 – C2

(2 x + 2 - x )2 - (2 x - 2 - x )2 (2 x - 2 - x )2 1
 x -x 2
(3 + 3 ) - (3 - 3 ) x -x 2 x
(3 - 3 ) -x 2
1
x -x 2 x -x 2 x -x 2
(4 + 4 ) - (4 - 4 ) (4 - 4 ) 1

4 ◊ 2x ◊ 2- x (2 x - 2 - x )2 1
 4◊3 ◊3x -x x
(3 - 3 ) -x 2
1 [applying
4 ◊ 4x ◊ 4- x (4 x -
4 - x )2 1 (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = 4ab]

4 (2 x - 2 - x )2 1
 4 (3 - 3 )x -x 2
1
4 (4 x - 4 - x )2 1
x -x 2
1 (2 - 2 ) 1
x -x 2
 4 1 (3 - 3 ) 1 (Taking 4 common from C1)
x -x 2
1 (4 - 4 ) 1
 40=0 ( C1 and C3 are identical columns)
2
0 cos q sin q
Q41. If cos 2q = 0, then cos q sin q 0 = _________ .
sin q 0 cos q
Sol. Given that: cos 2q = 0
p p
 cos 2q = cos  2q =
2 2
p
\ q=
4

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

The determinant can be written as

2
p p
2 1 1
0 cos sin 0
4 4 2 2
 p p  1 1
cos sin 0 0
4 4 2 2
p p 1 1
sin 0 cos 0
4 4 2 2
2
È 0 1 1˘ Ê 1 ˆ
 Í 1 ◊ 1 ◊ 1 1 1 0˙ Á Taking 2 common from ˜
Í 2 2 2 ˙ Á ˜
ÍÎ 1 0 1 ˙˚ Ë C1 , C 2 and C 3 ¯
Expanding along C1,
2 2
È 1 1 1 1 1 ˘ È 1 ˘
 Í -1 +1 ˙  Í -1(1) + 1(0 - 1) ˙
ÍÎ 2 2 0 1 1 0 ˙˚ Î2 2 ˚
2
È 1 ˘ 1 1
 Í -1 - 1 ˙  ◊ (4) =
Î2 2 ˚ 8 2
Q42. If A is a matrix of order 3 × 3, then (A2)–1 = _________ .
Sol. For any square matrix A, (A2)–1 = (A–1)2.
Q43. If A is a matrix of order 3 × 3, then the number of minors in the
determinants of A are _________ .
Sol. The order of a matrix is 3 × 3
 Total number of elements = 3 × 3 = 9
Hence, the number of minors in the determinant is 9.
Q44. The sum of the products of elements of any row with the
co-factors of corresponding elements is equal to _________ .
Sol. The sum of the products of elements of any row with the
co-factors of corresponding elements is equal to the value of
the determinant of the given matrix.
a11 a12 a13
Let D = a21 a22 a23
a31 a32 a33
Expanding along R1
a22 a23 a a23 a a22
a11 - a12 21 + a13 21
a32 a33 a31 a33 a31 a32
 a11M11 + a12M12 + a13M13

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

(where M11, M12 and M13 are the minors of the

corresponding elements)

x 3 7
Q45. If x = – 9 is a root of 2 x 2 = 0, then other two roots are
_________ . 7 6 x

x 3 7
Sol. We have, 2 x 2 = 0
7 6 x
Expanding along R1
x 2 2 2 2 x
 x -3 +7 =0
6 x 7 x 7 6
 x(x2 – 12) – 3(2x – 14) + 7(12 – 7x) = 0
 x3 – 12x –6x + 42 + 84 – 49x = 0
 x3 – 67x + 126 = 0 ...(1)
The roots of the equation may be the factors of 126 i.e., 2 × 7 × 9
9 is given the root of the determinant put x = 2 in eq. (1)
(2)3 – 67 × 2 + 126  8 – 134 + 126 = 0
Hence, x = 2 is the other root.
Now, put x = 7 in eq. (1)
(7)3 – 67(7) + 126  343 – 469 + 126 = 0
Hence, x = 7 is also the other root of the determinant.
0 xyz x - z
Q46. y - x 0 y - z = _________ .
z-x z-y 0
0 xyz x-z
Sol. Let D = y - x 0 y-z
z-x z-y 0
C1  C1 – C3
z - x xyz x - z
= z - x 0 y-z
z-x z-y 0
Taking (z – x) common from C1
1 xyz x - z
= ( z - x) 1 0 y-z
1 z-y 0

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 Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

R1  R1 – R2, R2  R2 – R3

0 xyz x - y
= ( z - x) 0 y - z y - z
1 z-y 0
Taking (y – z) common from R2
0 xyz x - y
= ( z - x) ( y - z) 0 1 1
Expanding along C 1 z - y 0
1

È xyz x - y ˘
= ( z - x) ( y - z) Í1 ˙
ÍÎ 1 1 ˙˚
= (z – x) (y – z) (xyz – x + y) = (y – z) (z – x) (y – x + xyz)
(1 + x)17 (1 + x)19 (1 + x)23
Q47. If f ( x) = (1 + x)23 (1 + x)29 (1 + x)34 = A + Bx + Cx 2 + 
(1 + x)41 (1 + x)43 (1 + x)47
then A = _________ .
Sol. Given that
(1 + x)17 (1 + x)19 (1 + x)23
(1 + x)23 (1 + x)29 (1 + x)34 = A + Bx + Cx 2 + 
(1 + x)41 (1 + x)43 (1 + x)47

Taking (1 + x)17, (1 + x)23 and (1 + x)41 common from R1, R2 and
R3 respectively

1 (1 + x)2 (1 + x)6
(1 + x)17 ◊ (1 + x)23 ◊ (1 + x)41 1 (1 + x)6 (1 + x)11
1 (1 + x)2 (1 + x)6

 (1 + x)17 ◊ (1 + x)23 ◊ (1 + x)41 ◊ 0 (R1 and R3 are identical)

 0 = A + Bx + +…Cx2
By comparing the like terms, we get A = 0.
State True or False for the statements of the following Exercises:
Q48. (A3)–1 = (A–1)3 , where A is a square matrix and |A|  0.
Sol. Since (AK)–1 = (A–1)K where K  N
So, (A3)–1 = (A–1)3 is true

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

1 -1
Q49. (aA)–1 = A , where a is any real number and A is a square
a
matrix.
Sol. If A is a non-singular square matrix, then for any non-zero
scalar ‘a‘, aA is invertible.
Ê1 ˆ 1
 ( aA) ◊ Á A -1 ˜ = a ◊ ◊ A ◊ A -1 = I
Ëa ¯ a
Ê 1 -1 ˆ
So, (aA) is inverse of Á A ˜
Ëa ¯
-1 1 -1
 ( aA) = A is true.
a
Q50. A - 1 π A - 1 , where A is a non-singular matrix.
Sol. False.
Since A - 1 = A - 1 for a non-singular matrix.
Q51. If A and B are matrices of order 3 and A = 5, B = 3 then
3AB = 27 × 5 × 3 = 405
Sol. True.
3AB = 33 AB = 27 A B = 27 × 5 × 3 È KA = K n A ˘
Î ˚
Q52. If the value of a third order determinant is 12, then the value
of the determinant formed by replacing each element by its
co-factor will be 144.
Sol. True.
Since A = 12
If A is a square matrix of order n
then Adj A = A n - 1
3-1
\ Adj A = A = A 2 = (12)2 = 144 [n = 3]
x+1 x+2 x+a
Q53. x + 2 x + 3 x + b = 0, where a, b, c are in A.P.
x+3 x+4 x+c
Sol. True.
x+1 x+2 x+a
Let D = +2 x+3 x+b
x
x+3 x+4 x+c
R2  2R2 – (R1 + R3)
x+1 x+2 x+a
= 0 0 2b - ( a + c )
x+3 x+4 x+c
a, b, c are in A.P.

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

\b–a=c–b  2b = a + c
x+1 x+2 x+a
= 0 0 0 =0
x+3 x+4 x+c
Q54. adj A = A 2 , where A is a square matrix of order two.
Sol. False.
Since adj A = A n - 1 where n is the order of the square
matrix.
sin A cos A sin A + cos B
Q55. The determinant sin B cos A sin B + cos B is equal to zero.
sin C cos A sin C + cos B
Sol. True.
sin A cos A sin A + cos B
Let D = sin B cos A sin B + cos B
sin C cos A sin C + cos B
Splitting up C3
sin A cos A sin A sin A cos A cos B
= sin B cos A sin B + sin B cos A cos B
sin C cos A sin C sin C cos A cos B
sin A cos A cos B
= 0 + sin B cos A cos B [ C1 and C3 are identical]
sin C cos A cos B
sin A 1 1
= cos A cos B sin B 1 1
sin C 1 1
[Taking cos A and cos B common from C2 and C3 respectively]
= cos A cos B (0) [ C2 and C3 are identical]
=0
x+a p+u l+ f
Q56. If the determinant y + b q + v m + g splits into exactly K
z+c r+w n+h
determinants of order 3, each element of which contains only
one term, then the value of K is 8.
Sol. True.
x+a p+u l+ f
Let D = y+b q+v m+g
z+c r+w n+h

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

Splitting up C1
x p+u l+ f a p+u l+ f
 y q+v m+g + b q+v m+g
z r+w n+h c r+w n+h
Splitting up C2 in both determinants
x p l+ f x u l+ f a p l+ f
 y q m+g + y v m+g + b q m+g
z r n+h z w n+h c r n+h
a u l+ f
+ b v m+g
c w n+h
Similarly by splitting C3 in each determinant, we will get 8
determinants.
a p x
Q57. Let D= b q y 16
c r z
p+x a+x a+p
then D1 = q + y b + y b + q = 32
r+z c+z c+r
Sol. True.
a p x
Given that: D = b q y = 16
c r z
p+x a+x a+p
L.H.S. D1 = q + y b + y b + q
r+z c+z c+r
C1  C1 + C2 + C3
2 p + 2 x + 2a a + x a + p
= 2q + 2 y + 2b b + y b + q
2r + 2 z + 2c c + z c + r
p+x+a a+x a+p
= 2 q + y + b b + y b + q [Taking 2 common
r+z+c c+z c+r from C1]

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Chapter 4 - Determinants NCERT Exemplar - Class 12

p a+x a+p
C1  C1 – C2 = 2 q b + y b + q
r c+z c+r
p a+x a
C3  C3 – C1 d = 2 q b+y b
r c+z c
Splitting up C2
p a a p x a p x a
= 2 q b b + 2 q y b = 2 (0) + 2 q y b
r c c r z c r z c
p x a a p x
= 2 q y b  2 b q y (C1  C3 and
r z c c r z C2  C3)

= 2 × 16 = 32
1 1 1
1
Q58. The maximum value of 1 (1 + sin q) 1 is .
2
Sol. True. 1 1 1 + cos q
1 1 1
Let D = 1 (1 + sin q) 1
1 1 1 + cos q
C1  C1 – C2, C2  C2 – C3
0 0 1
= - sin q sin q
1
0 - cos q 1 + cos q
Expanding along C3
- sin q sin q
= 1
= sin q cos q – 0 = sin q cos q
0 - cos q
1 1
= .2 sin q cos q = sin 2q

2 2
1
= ¥1 [Maximum value of sin 2q = 1]
2
1

=
2

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