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Experiment 1 To 5

biology practical book

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Sean George
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75 views

Experiment 1 To 5

biology practical book

Uploaded by

Sean George
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 1 TO STUDY THE GERMINATION OF POLLEN GRAIN ON SLIDE

OBJECTIVE TO STUDY THE GERMINATION OF POLLEN GRAIN ON SLIDE


MATERIALS • Fresh seasonal flower (vinca, petunia)
REQUIRED • needles
• Slide
• Coverslip
• Sucrose solution
• Microscope
• Beakers
• dropper

PROCEDURE • Prepare a nutrient solution by dissolving 10g of sucrose in 100 ml of water.

OBSERVATION
DIAGRAM TO
BE DRAWN
ON THE LEFT
HAND SIDE

PRECAUTIONS

EXPERIMENT 2 TO STUDY FLOWER ADAPTATIONS POLLINATED BY WIND AND INSECTS


OBJECTIVE TO STUDY FLOWER ADAPTATIONS POLLINATED BY WIND AND INSECTS
MATERIALS Wind pollinated and insect pollinated flowers
REQUIRED

OBSERVATIONS
Anemophilous or wind pollinated flower (example: maize)
DIAGRAM TO BE DRAWN ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE
Entomophilous Flowers or Insect pollinated flowers
• Flowers are large, conspicuous and brightly coloured to attract the insects.
• The flowers produce sweet smell and have nectar glands.
• The stigma is rough and sticky due to mucilaginous secretion.
• They bear nectaries that produce nectar which is fed upon by insects.
• Most insect pollinated flowers have a landing platform.
• They have sticky pollens and sticky stigmas so that it easily stick to the feet of the insect.
• Some flowers provide safe place to insects for laying eggs. Example: Yucca
• Their pollens aggregate into sticky mass called pollinia.

DIAGRAM TO BE DRAWN ON THE LEFT HAND


EXPERIMENT 3 CONTROLLED POLLINATION

OBJECTIVE TO COMMENT ON THE EXERCISE OF CONTROLLED POLLINATION (EMSACULATION,BAGGING AND TAGGING FOR
ARTIFICIAL HYBRIDIZATION)
EMASCULATION:
IDENTIFICATION: FORCEPS OR SCISSORS METHOD OF EMASCULATION
COMMENTS:
• Select a flower in bud condition where antheses(The period during which a flower is fully open and
functional) has not occurred.
• Open the bud carefully and remove the stamens.
• Anthers are cut with the help of sterilized forceps or scissors.
• Mark this as female parent plant.

IDENTIFICATION: BAGGING AND TAGGING


COMMENTS:
• Cover the emasculated flower with a plastic bag to protect it from undesired pollen (Bagging).
• The bag should be held securely in place with a paper clip/ string/thread.
• Select the size of bag in accordance with the flower size.
• Bags must be transparent with minute pores.

• Bring into physical contact anthers of a desired male plant containing mature pollen grains with the stigmatic
surface of emasculated female flower.
• Use tweezers/brush if necessary to dust the stigmatic surface with pollen.
• Cover the pollinated flower again with the bag immediately.
• For identification, label the female parent (Tagging).
• Each pollinated flower should bear a label containing the name of the seed parent, the letter X (to signify a
cross), the name of the pollen parent, and the date on which the cross was effected.
EXPERIMENT 4 TO STUDY AND IDENTIFY THE TRANSVERSE SECTIONOF TESTIS AND
LONGITUDINAL SECTION OVARY THROUGH PERMANENT SLIDE

OBJECTIVE TO STUDY AND IDENTIFY THE TRANSVERSE SECTIONOF TESTIS AND LONGITUDINAL SECTION OVARY THROUGH
PERMANENT SLIDE
MATERIALS • Permanent slide of T.S of Testis
REQUIRED • Permanent slide of L.S of Ovary
• Microscope

PROCEDURE Fix the permanent slide under the microscope.


First observe it under the low power and then under high power.
OBSERVATIONS IDENTIFICATION: TRANSVERSE SECTION OF TESTIS (T.S of Testis)
: COMMENTS:
IDENTIFICATION: LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF OVARY (L.S of Ovary)
COMMENTS:
EXPERIMENT 5 TO PREPARE A TEMPORARY MOUNT OF THE GIVEN ROOT TIP TO
STUDY THE STAGES OF MITOSIS.

OBJECTIVE TO PREPARE A TEMPORARY MOUNT OF THE GIVEN ROOT TIP TO STUDY THE STAGES OF MITOSIS
MATERIALS
REQUIRED

PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
S
PRECAUTIONS:

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