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Unit 1 Introduction

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WITH SOFTWARE APPLICATION

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27 views16 pages

Unit 1 Introduction

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WITH SOFTWARE APPLICATION

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20220025082
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UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION

Mathematics Department
XAVIER UNIVERSITY-ATENEO DE CAGAYAN
What is Statistics?
What is Statistics?

Statistics is a branch of Science


that deals with the collection,
organization, presentation, analysis
and interpretation of data.
What is the importance of Statistics in
business and economics?

■Statistics is an indispensable tool in


business and economics.
■ Statistics helps an economist understand
various business and economic problems
such as poverty and unemployment;
assessing relationship between different
economic variables; studying
trends/patterns of economic data; and
formulating appropriate economic policies.
Two Major Areas in Statistical
Analysis

Descriptive
Statistics
Inferential
Statistics
#1. Descriptive Statistics – comprise those
methods concerned with organizing, presenting,
summarizing, and analyzing a set of data without
drawing conclusions or inferences about a
population.

Ex. Tabular and Graphical Presentation; Numerical Description

Number Spelling Scores Statistics


of Mean 38.3
Brand of Cellphones Percen
Median 43
Cellphones sold tage
Mode 50
Samsung 8 40%
Range 35
Oppo 4 20% Minimum 15
Cherry
2 10% Maximum 50
Mobile
Sum 383
Huawei 6 30%
Count 50
Total 20 100%
Examples of Common Research
Questions that will require
Descriptive Statistics

1. What is the total monthly sales of books


at the XU Bookcenter?
2. What is the distribution of employees in a
shoe factory in terms age?
3. What are the common products sold
online?
4. How many of the call center agents are
college graduates?
#2. Inferential Statistics – comprise those
methods concerned with the analysis of
sample data leading to predictions or
inferences about the population.

Ex. Point and Interval Estimation, Prediction, Hypothesis Testing


Examples of Common Research
Questions that will require
Inferential Statistics
1. Is there a significant decrease in the weight
before and after enrolling in a Zumba class?
2. Is there a significant linear relationship between
weather temperature and sales of ice cream?
3. Is there a significant association between gender
and the choice of brand of shoes?
4. Is there a significant difference in the mean
lifespan between Oppo and Samsung cellphones?
Definition of terms
■ Population – a collection of
all units from which the data
are to be collected
■ Sample – a part or subset of
the population

 Parameter – a numerical
characteristic of the population

 Statistic – a numerical
characteristic of the sample
Classifications of data

1. Qualitative Data – are data for which no numerical


measure exists
- These are usually expressed in categories or kind.
- Ex. Car color, brand of laptop, gender of employees
2. Quantitative Data - are data that can be expressed in
numbers.
Types of Quantitative Data:
i. Discrete Quantitative Data – can be counted; thus can
assume value which is a whole number
Ex. Number of employees

ii. Continuous Quantitative Data – can be measured using


some units of measurements which may take some decimal
numbers
Ex. Weight of fish
Levels of Measurements

1. Nominal - consists of
named categories but no
implied ranking of
categories
(Ex. Brand of alcohol)

2. Ordinal – the categories of


a variable can be ranked
(Ex. Level of agreement: strongly agree,
agree, neutral, disagree, strongly
disagree)
3. Interval – contains the
property of identity, order, and
equality of scale but does not
possess the absolute zero
property (Ex. Temperature)

4. Ratio - contains the


property of identity, order,
equality of scale and the
absolute zero property
(Ex. weight)

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