Senior High School

Core Subject

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Defining Sampling Distribution
of the Sample Mean for
Normal Population

SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_and_Probability_Module7
Statistics and Probability
Crafting-Resources-for-Accessible-and-Flexible-Teaching (CRAFT)
Quarter 3 – Module 7: Defining Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean for
Normal Population
First Edition, 2023
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Sara Z. Duterte
Undersecretary: Gina O. Gonong

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Johnwell B. Balbag

Editors: Karen Jane C. Maniego
Ronnel C. Tolentino
Reviewers: Anthony M. Yadao
James C. Verdadero
Ronnel C. Tolentino
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Telefax: (077) 771-0960
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 Senior High School

Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Defining Sampling Distribution
of the Sample Mean for Normal
Distribution

MELC: Defines the sampling distribution of the sample

mean for normal population when the variance is: (a)
known; (b) unknown (M11/12SP-IIIe-1)

Prepared by:

JOHNWELL B. BALBAG
SHS Teacher II
Pasaleng National High School
Introductory Message
This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson with ease.
This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson. This will
show you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the
end of this module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for all activities and tests. We trust that you will be honest
in using them.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
Likewise, read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the sampling distribution of the sample mean for normal population when
variance is known and unknown. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is intended for the lesson defining Sampling Distribution of the
Sample Mean for Normal Population

After going through this module, you are expected to define sampling
distribution of the sample mean for normal population when variance is known and
unknown.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following notations is used for the standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean?
A. Σ B. 𝜇 C. 𝜎𝑋̅ D. 𝜇𝑋̅

2. This distribution is used to estimate population parameters when the

population variance is unknown, and the sample size is less than 30.
A. t-distribution
B. z-distribution
C. Chi-square distribution
D. Pearson Correlation Coefficient

3. Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the standard deviation of

the sampling distribution of the sample mean when the population standard
deviation is unknown?
𝜎 𝑥̅ − 𝜇
A. 𝜎𝑋̅ = C. 𝑧 = 𝜎
√𝑛
√𝑛
𝑠 𝑥̅ − 𝜇
B. 𝑠𝑋̅ = D. 𝑡 = 𝑠
√𝑛
√𝑛

1 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module7
 4. Mr. Andres administered a Mathematics Achievement Test to a random 45
graduating SHS students. In this example, the mean and standard deviation
are 95 and 11. The population parameters are μ=89 and σ=8. What example
of the sampling distribution of the sample mean for the normal population
portrays the situation?
A. Variance is known.
B. Variance is unknown.
C. Standard deviation is large.
D. Standard deviation is small.

5. Given μ=15, σ=5, 𝑋̅=12.8 and n=100. This is an example of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean for a normal population when the population
variance is _______.
A. known C. small
B. large D. unknown

Defining Sampling
Lesson
Distribution of the Sample
1
Mean for Normal Population

This module was designed and written for you to learn the definition of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean for the normal population when the
variance is known and unknown. This serves as a tool for statisticians or any
interesting group who wants to test the sample mean using statistical formulas and
to make a rightful decision in the future.

What’s In

Let’s have a review first. Find out if you are ready to learn the next lesson by
answering the activity.
Matt is conducting a survey on Senior High School students who are active on
environmental activities on their community. Given a population consisting of the
following measurements 2, 3, 7, 8, and 11. Suppose that samples of size 2 are drawn
from the population.

2 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module7
 1. Compute for the:
a. population mean.
b. population variance.
2. Compute for the:
a. means of the sampling distribution of sample mean.
b. variance of the sampling distribution of sample mean.

What is New

Activity: Knows Mo Na
Instruction: Read and analyze the following situations. Determine whether the
following statements have a known or unknown population variance. Also identify
the formula to be used to estimate the standard error of the mean by writing the
symbol 𝜎𝑥̅̅, when the population variance is known and the symbol 𝑠𝑥̅̅ when the
population variance is unknown. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Situation Answer Standard Error

Formula
1. A finite population composed
of six items whose values are 2,
4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. Samples of 3
items are drawn at random
without replacement.

2. Given 𝜇 = 18, 𝑠 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = 21

3. The general weighted average

(GWA) of the Grade 11 applicants
for admission in QSHS over the
past 6 years has been
consistently 𝜇 = 92.78. This year
a sample data of the applicant’s
GWA are 98, 89, 92, 95, 96, 90,
91, 92, 97 and 93.

4. IQ scores are normally

distributed with standard
deviation 𝜎 = 15 points. Lester
wishes to determine the mean IQ
of all students in Pag-asa
National High School by taking a
random sample of 20 students.

3 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module7
 5. Because of Inclusive
Education, learners with Special
Needs are also part of the normal
students. Consider a population
of the PWD learners consisting of
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Samples of size
2 are drawn from this
population.

What is It

Based on the previous activity, you learned from the situations presented that
by analysis, you can easily find out if the given problem provides the value of the
population variance or if the population variance is unknown.

Distribution of the Sample Mean for Normal Population

1. Population variance 𝜎2 is Known

The population has a mean μ and variance of 𝜎2, the distribution of the
sample mean is (at least approximately) normal and standard error of the
mean
𝜎
𝜎𝑋̅ =
√𝑛
where:

σ = population standard deviation

𝑛 = sample size.

To determine the probability of a certain event, we can use the 𝑧 − 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

by transforming the mean of the sample data to an approximately normal variable 𝑧.
𝑥̅̅ − 𝜇
𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛
This distribution is best applied for large sample sizes, say 𝑛 ≥ 30.

4 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module7
 2. Population variance 𝜎2 is Unknown

The standard error of the mean becomes

𝑠
𝑠𝑋̅ =
√𝑛

where:

𝑠 = point-estimate of 𝜎 (population standard deviation) or the

sample standard deviation

𝑛 = sample size

To estimate the population parameters, we can use the 𝑡 − 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

by using the formula
𝑥̅̅ − 𝜇
𝑡= 𝑠
√𝑛
Remember that as n the sample size is very large, the standard
deviation 𝑠 is almost indistinguishable from the population standard deviation
𝜎 and therefore 𝑡 and 𝑧 distributions are essentially identical. Remember that
we use the 𝑡 − 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 for small sample size, say 𝑛 < 30.

What’s More

Instruction: Read and analyze the following situations and supply the values of the
following variables. On the third column, write known on the space provided if the
situation gives or can compute the value of the variance, otherwise write unknown.
Also identify the formula to be used to estimate the standard error of the mean by
writing the symbols 𝜎𝑥̅̅, when the population variance is known and 𝑠𝑥̅̅ when the
population variance is unknown.

Standard Error
Situation Given Answer
Formula
1. Given the population
mean of 10, and a sample n = _________
standard deviation of 2 in 𝜇 = _________
a sample size of 120. 𝑠 = __________
2. A population consisting of
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. N = __________
Samples of size 3 are n = __________
drawn from this
population.

5 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module7
 3. Consider a population
consisting of 15, 2, 12, 4, N = __________
5, 8, 6, 9 and 17. Samples n = __________
of size 5 are drawn from
this population.

4. Given the population

mean of 89, and a sample n = _________
standard deviation 4 in a 𝜇 = _________
sample size of 65. 𝑠 = _________

5. The mean height of the

students at Pag–asa n = _________
National High School is 𝜇 = _________
170.16 cm. To find out if 𝑋̅ = _________
the statement is true, a s = _________
sample of 15 students is
taken from the
population. The mean of
the sample is 171.14 cm
with a standard deviation
of 3.23 cm.

What I have Learned

Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What formula is used to determine the standard error of the mean when the
population variance is unknown?

2. What necessary formula should be used to find the mean of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean when the population variance is known?

3. What is the test variate used when the population variance is unknown and
when the population variance is known?

6 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module7
 What I Can Do

Activity: I Can Do It
Directions: Read and analyze the following situations. Determine whether the
following statements have a known or unknown population variance. Also identify
the formula to be used to estimate the standard error of the mean by writing the
symbol 𝜎𝑥̅̅, when the population variance is known and the symbol 𝑠𝑥̅̅ when the
population variance is unknown. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Situation Answer Standard Error

Formula

1. A random of 𝑛 = 70 measurements are

obtained from a population with a
mean of 156 and a standard deviation
of 23.

2. Given population mean of 200, a

sample of 25 has a standard deviation
of 3.

3. A population has a mean of 85 and a

standard deviation of 6. A random
sample of 22 measurements is drawn
from this population.

4. A manufacturer of nylon synthetic

fibers for fishing line, claims that the
mean tensile strength of their product
is 30 lb. of a 20 meter-line. To test the
claim of the manufacturer, a sample of
25, the 20- meter line was tested and
found to have a mean weight of 32 lb.
and a standard deviation of .78 lb.

5. The weights of female SHS students

are normally distributed with a mean
of 45kg. Twenty samples consisting of
10 students are drawn from the
population and found to have a mean
of 46 kg and a standard deviation of
1.24kg. 232 3. A random of 𝑛 = 70
measurements are obtained from a
population with a mean of 156 and a
standard deviation of 23.

7 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module7
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following notations is used for the standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean?
A. 𝜎 B. 𝜇 C. 𝜎𝑋̅ D. 𝜇𝑋̅

2. This distribution is used to estimate population parameters when the

population variance is unknown, and the sample size is less than 30.
A. t-distribution
B. z-distribution
C. Chi-square distribution
D. Pearson Correlation Coefficient

3. Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the standard deviation of

the sampling distribution of the sample mean when the population standard
deviation is unknown?
𝜎 𝑥̅ − 𝜇
A. 𝜎𝑋̅ = 𝑛 C. 𝑧 = 𝜎
√
𝑠
B. 𝑠𝑋̅ = √𝑛
𝑥̅ − 𝜇
√𝑛 D. 𝑡 = 𝑠
√𝑛

4. Mr. Andres administered a Mathematics Achievement Test to a random 45

graduating SHS students. In this example, the mean and standard deviation
are 95 and 11. The population parameters are μ=89 and σ=8. What example
of the sampling distribution of the sample mean for the normal population
portrays the situation?
A. Variance is known.
B. Variance is unknown.
C. Standard deviation is large.
D. Standard deviation is small.

5. Given μ=15, σ=5, 𝑋̅=12.8 and n=100. This is an example of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean for a normal population when the population
variance is _______.
A. known C. small
B. large D. unknown

8 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module7
 Additional Activities

Directions: Determine whether the following statements has a known or unknown

population variance and write your answer on the second column. Also identify the
formula to be used to estimate the standard error of the mean by writing the symbol
𝜎𝑥̅̅, when the population variance is known and the symbol 𝑠𝑥̅̅ when the population
variance is unknown.

Standard
Situation Answer Error
Formula
1. A random sample of 100 school heads were
administered a Management Skills Test. The
sample mean and the variance were 81 and
26.98. In the standardization test, the mean was
79 and the standard deviation was 7.

2. Joel administered a mathematics achievement

test to a random sample of 40 Grade 10 students.
In this sample, he obtained the mean and
variance to 89 and 81 respectively. The
population mean is 85.
3. Given the following values: 𝑋̅ = 110, 𝑠 = 6, 𝑛 = 16,
μ = 102, and σ = 7.

9 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module7
SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module7 10
What is New Additional Activities
What I Know
Answer Standard Answer Standard
1. C
Error Error
2. B
Formula Formula
3. B 𝜎 𝜎
Known =
𝜎𝑋̅ 1. Known =
𝜎𝑋̅
4. A √𝑛 √𝑛
5. A Unknown 𝑠 2. 𝑠
𝑠𝑋̅ = 𝑠𝑋̅ =
√𝑛 Unknown √𝑛
Assessment 𝑠 𝜎
Unknown 𝑠𝑋̅ = 3. Known 𝜎𝑋̅ =
√𝑛
1. C √𝑛
𝜎
2. A Known 𝜎𝑋̅ =
√𝑛
3. B 𝜎
Known 𝜎𝑋̅ =
4. A √𝑛
5. A
What I Can Do
What I Have Learned Answer Standard
Students answer may Error
vary. Formula
𝜎
Known =
𝜎𝑋̅
√𝑛
Unknown 𝑠
𝑠𝑋̅ =
√𝑛
𝜎
Known 𝜎𝑋̅ =
√𝑛
Unknown 𝑠
𝑠𝑋̅ =
√𝑛
Unknown 𝑠
𝑠𝑋̅ =
√𝑛
Answer Key
References
Alonzo, George (2017). Statistics and Probability for Senior High School, Makati City:
Salinlahi Publishing House.
Belecina, Rene R., Elisa S. Baccay, and Efren B. Mateo (2016). Statistics and
Probability, Manila: Rex Book Store Inc.
Orines, Fernando B. (2003). Advanced Algebra Trigonometry and Statistics. Quezon
City: JTW Corporation. 2003.
Pineda, Hermenegildo R. (2020). Statistics and Probability ADM Quarter 3–Module 19:
Defining Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean for Normal Population.
Region IV-A Calabarzon: Department of Education.

11 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module7
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