Regeneration of the lung and the development of lung mimicking

device.
Supervisor: Professor Dr Neil Shirtcliffe.
Abhinandan Sharma, 24337
Rhine Waal University of Applied Sciences.

Introduction Results
As we all know that the lung has low rate of cellular turnover during homeostasis, it has a extraordinary ● To illustrate this, it is tested that how it responds to E.coli bacteria. The bacteria entered into the
quality to regenerate cells after injury[1]. Any kind of disruptions in this process is the cause of major air channel on the lung side of the device and at the same time white blood cells flows through
lung diseases. With the understanding of the cell regeneration capacity of the lungs , we can develop the channel on the blood vessel side.
many therapies and lung mimicking devices.
● The lung cells detected the bacteria an with the help of porous membrane, activates the blood
The advances in identification of a new cell markers, the use of embryonic and induced stem cells and vessel cells, which initiates an immune response that ultimately triggers the white blood cells to
improvements in organoid cultures have increased the knowledge about the presence of potential stem move to the air chamber and destroy the bacteria.
cells in the lungs[2]. The case study of this topic is to review the latest development in the field of lung
mimic devices for the therapeutic applications in medical field. ● The act of breathing increases the nanoparticle absorption and this plays important role in rise to
the toxicity of these nanoparticles[4].
Lung Mimics

Present studies which focus on cell biology and tissue regulation are based on 2D cell culture models. Figure
These models have some benefits but have limitations when it wants to say about the in vivo cellular
microenvironment. Therefore, 3D cell-culture models were developed, which mimic a more realistic
tissue-and organ-specific micro-architecture, although some aspects, including tissue-tissue interfaces
and a mechanically active microenvironment are still missing. However, these models are very useful
in patient-specific disease models, drug-screening and as a source of cells for transplantation[3].

Lung on a chip

Lung on a chip seems to be some kind of device from science fiction movies, but in 21st century it is
possible to mimic lung in real life. Organs on a chip refers to a bioengineered devices that mimics
tissue properties and function in a well controlled environment. The device, which is about the size of a
rubber eraser, acts like a lung in a human body and is made using human lung and blood vessel cells.
Because the lung device is translucent, it provides a window into the inner-workings of the human lung
without having to invade a living body.
Example of a human breathing lung-on-a-chip microdevice. Lung-on-a-chip microfluidic device with compartmentalized
It has the potential to be a valuable tool for testing the effects of environmental toxins, absorption of microchannels to mimic a breathing lung. In brief, (a)indicates the creation of mechanical breathing movements causing mechanical stretch
aerosolized therapeutics, and the safety and efficacy of new drugs. Such a tool may help accelerate of the membrane, (b) shows the physiology of the normal breathing human lung, (c) and (d) show the assembly and etching of the
microdevice, and (e) visualizes the actual size of the device.
pharmaceutical development by reducing the reliance on current models, in which testing a single Source- http://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5986/1662
substance can cost more than $2 million[4].

The ability of the lung on a chip device is to predict absorption of airborne nanoparticles and mimic the
inflammatory response which is triggered by microbial pathogens,provides sufficient proof-of-principle
that organs on chips could replace many animal studies in the future.
Conclusion
These chips have main advantage that they can be manufactured for a very low cost, this will help in
accelerating the process for the scientific research. Also this do not include any testing on animals
which will put an end to the practice of breeding of test animals for medical research. These chips
have technical advantage, like they are easy to use, portable and can undergo mass production. It
Methods creates opportunities for future drug evaluation at a lower cost and an extremely higher speed. The
door is also open for the modeling of other pulmonary diseases by the way of the microchip
● The lung on a chip consist of 2 layers of living tissue, the lining of the lungs air sacs and blood techniques.
vessels that surround them across a porous, flexible boundary.

● Air is delivered to the lung lining cells, a rich culture medium flows in the capillary channel to
mimic blood and cyclic mechanism stretching mimics breathing.

● The device is created using a microfabrication strategy that uses clear rubbery materials.
References
1. Beers MF, Morrisey EE. The three R's of lung health and disease: repair,
● The inspiration comes from how the breathing works in human lung through the creation of
vacuum, when our chest expands, which sucks air into the lung and creates the air sac walls to remodeling, and regeneration. J Clin Investig. 2011;121:2065–73.
stretch.
2. Volckaert T, De Langhe S. Lung epithelial stem cells and their niches: Fgf10
● The use of vacuum is based on design principles from the nature to mimic in the micro takes center stage. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2014;7:8.
engineered system[4].
3. Kotton DN, Morrisey EE. Lung regeneration: mechanisms, applications and
emerging stem cell populations. Nat Med. 2014;20:822–32.

4. Living, breathing human lung-on-a-chip: A potential drug-testing alternative.

https://wyss.harvard.edu/living-breathing-human-lung-on-a-chip-a-potential-drug-testing-alterna
tive/ . Status-Online