HYPNOTIC

REMOTE VIEWING
EXPERIMENTAL
PROTOCOLS
by
C. Leigh Culver, Cl.H.

THIS DOCUMENT
IS
RESTRICTED AND CONFIDENTIAL

Ψ PsiQuest
 This Document is
RESTRICTED AND CONFIDENTIAL

ΨPsiQuest
This manuscript is a living document. It will be amended and updated as research dictates. The
reader of this document should be familiar with Coordinate Remote Viewing (CRV) theory and
procedure in order to better understand the theory and methodology here presented.

Hypnotic Remote Viewing Experimental Protocols

Copyright  1997 - 2003 C. Leigh Culver. All rights reserved.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1

A. Objective................................................................................................................1

B. General...................................................................................................................1

C. Background............................................................................................................3

D. References..............................................................................................................4

THEORY..................................................................................................................................6

A. Concept..................................................................................................................6

B. Levels of Consciousness.........................................................................................7

C. The Atavistic Hypnotic Model...............................................................................9

D. Hypnosis and Brain Dominance...........................................................................12

E. Hypnotic Remote Viewing Model........................................................................14

F. References.............................................................................................................16

SESSION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................18

A. Viewer Requirements...........................................................................................18

B. Monitor Requirements..........................................................................................21

C. HRV Site Requirements.......................................................................................21

D. References............................................................................................................21

STRUCTURE.........................................................................................................................23

A. Introduction..........................................................................................................23

B. Outline of HRV Stages.........................................................................................23

METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................................25

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 A. Stage I: Preparations and Pre-briefing.................................................................25

B. Stage II: Hypnotic Induction and “Deepening” Techniques................................26

C. Stage III: Consciousness Extension.....................................................................26

D. Stage IV: Target Engagement and Acquisition....................................................28

E. Stage V: Target Exploration and Reporting.........................................................28

F. Stage VI: Target Disengagement and Dehypnotization........................................31

G. Stage VII: Debriefing.....................................................................................…...32

H. Stage VIII: Final Report............................................................................…........32

I. References..................................................................................................….........33

SPECIAL SITUATIONS............................................................................................…..........34

A. Interaction With Persons, Entities and Beings......................................................34

B. Time-Line Paradox................................................................................................34

C. Remote Influencing................................................................................................35

POSSIBLE FACTORS EFFECTING HRV...................................….........................….........36

A. Environmental Factors...............................................................................….........36

B. Local Sidereal Time………………………………………………….…….……..36

C. Artificial Factors..........................................................................................…......37

D. Gender Factors..............................................................................................….....37

E. References...............................................................................................…...........38

GLOSSARY.............................................................................................................….............39

APPENDIX A. The Kappas Suggestibility Test........................................................…..........44

APPENDIX B. The Hypnotic-Induction Profile…………………………………….……….48

APPENDIX C. The PsiQuest Paranormal Experience Questionnaire.….................................53

iii
APPENDIX D. The Cognitive Interview............................................…..................................57

APPENDIX E. Traumatic Incident Debriefing............………………….................................61

iv
 HYPNOTIC REMOTE VIEWING
EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOLS
by
C. Leigh Culver

Copyright  1997-2003 C. Leigh Culver. All rights reserved.

RESTRICTED AND CONFIDENTIAL

Note: This manuscript is a living document. It will be amended and updated as research dictates.
The reader of this document should be familiar with coordinate remote viewing (CRV) theory and
procedure in order to better understand the theory and methodology here presented. All
references concerning coordinate remote viewing theory and methodology are from the Defense
Intelligence Agency's Coordinate Remote Viewing Manual, dated 1 May 1986.

INTRODUCTION

A. Objective

The objective of this document is to present to the reader information concerning the theory,
structure, and methodology of Hypnotic Remote Viewing (HRV).

B. General

The following definitions and descriptions are provided to acquaint the reader with remote
viewing phenomena and methodology in general; and hypnotic remote viewing theory and
methodology in particular.

1. Definitions

a. Hypnosis: Hypnosis is an overload of message units disorganizing the

inhibitory processes, triggering the fight or flight mechanism, and ultimately resulting in a
hypersuggestible state, providing access to the subconscious mind.

b. Remote Viewing (RV): Remote perception. The name of a method of

psychoenergetic perception. A term coined by SRI-International and defined as “the acquisition
and description, by mental means, of information blocked from ordinary perception by distance,
shielding, or time.” There are several remote viewing modalities.

c. Coordinate Remote Viewing (CRV): One of several methods of remote

perception. Coordinate remote viewing utilizes a particular method of target cueing, structure
and protocol to acquire and define a target.

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 d: Hypnotic Remote Viewing (HRV): A method of remote viewing that utilizes
hypnosis as part of its technique. The objective is otherwise the same as coordinate remote
viewing.

e. Bilocation: A state of consciousness in which the viewer is aware of being at

the viewer’s physical location and the remote viewing target location at the same time.

f. Remote Viewer: Often referred to in the text simply as “viewer,” the remote
viewer is a person who employs his/her mental faculties to perceive and obtain information to
which he/she has no other access and of which he/she has no previous knowledge concerning
persons, places, events, or objects separated from him/her by time, distance, or other intervening
obstacles.

g. Monitor: The individual who assists the viewer in a remote viewing session.
The monitor provides the target cues, observes the viewer to help insure he/she stays in proper
structure, records relevant session information, provides appropriate feedback when required, and
provides objective analytic support to the viewer as necessary. In the case of Hypnotic Remote
Viewing the monitor is a qualified hypnotist.

h. Target: The specific object of attention in a remote viewing session. Targets

may be people, locations, objects, events and/or ideas.

i. Data Signal: The theoretical signal that carries information about the target
site that is perceived through the central nervous system of the viewer.

j. Psi: Psychic functioning. Remote perception, psychokinesis, and telepathy

are forms of psi.

k. Remote Perception: The ability to perceive people, places, or things that are
otherwise blocked by ordinary perception. Remote viewing, extended awareness, and
clairvoyance are all terms describing remote perception.

l. Psychokinesis (PK): A form of psi functioning dealing with the interaction of

consciousness with matter, “mind-over-matter.” Also called telekinesis.

m. Telepathy: A form of psi function dealing with “mind to mind”

communication.

2. Descriptions

a. Coordinate Remote Viewing Session: In a coordinate remote viewing session

an individual or “viewer” attempts to acquire and describe by mental means alone information
about a designated target site. The viewer is not told what the site is that must be described but is
provided a cue or prompt which designates the site. The methodology utilizes the viewer’s ability
to contact the target via the impingement of the target data signal upon his or her central nervous
system. The viewer then works through a series of protocols that assists him/her in perceiving the
data through gradual degrees of decipherment.

b. Hypnotic Remote Viewing Session: In a hypnotic remote viewing session an

individual or “viewer” attempts to acquire and describe by mental means alone information about

2
a designated target site. Hypnosis is used to assist the viewer in acquiring a state of extended
awareness or bilocation whereby the target site may be perceived directly.

c. Session Dynamics: The viewer is placed in an altered state of consciousness

by the monitor via the hypnotic process. Upon achievement of the desired state the viewer is
tasked to perceive the target and gather pertinent information. Once the information desired has
been gathered the viewer is dehypnotized and brought out of the hypnotic state.

d. Post Session Dynamics: After the hypnotic session a debriefing period

follows during which the viewer and monitor discuss the results and clarify any details as
necessary. A report is then written and submitted to the tasking agency.

C. Background

Although the term hypnotism wasn’t coined until 1843 by James Braid, its practice is as old as
human tradition. Civilizations going as far back as the ancient Egyptians have left us with
records describing what appeared to be hypnosis (Kroger 1977). Hypnosis has played an
important part in the ritual and ceremony of many religions, as well as being principle in many
occurrences of miraculous healing, prophecy and divination.

Since early times it has been recognized that hypnotized subjects could produce various psychic
phenomena. Franz Anton Mesmer, one of the first individuals to scientifically study what was
then called “animal magnetism,” demonstrated that many hypnotized individuals were capable of
producing these phenomena. Mesmer, in his memoirs, wrote “At times somnambulists can
perceive the past and the future by means of the inner sense. Man, by his inner sense, is in touch
with the whole of nature and is always capable of feeling the concatenation of cause and effect”
(Mesmer in Edmunds 1961).

Mesmer wrote, “We possess an interior sense which is in connection with the universe, and which
might be considered as an extension of sight. We possess the faculty of sensing in the universal
harmony the connection between events and beings with our own conservation. This faculty we
have in common with the other animals, though we make less use of it--it is called instinct”
(Mesmer in Edmunds 1961).

Pierre Janet, the famous French psychologist, described the hypnotically induced phenomenon of
what was then called “traveling clairvoyance” (Edmunds 1961). Dr. Janet sent several
individuals on what he called “psychic excursions” where the individuals being tested were able
to perceive various locations remotely (Edmunds 1961). These cases were well documented by
several physicians of the time.

Though many early European hypnotists felt that hypnosis could facilitate psychic functioning
most mind explorers focused more on the psychological aspects of hypnosis. Many researchers
in Russia, Czechoslovakia, and other Eastern European countries, however, tried to elucidate the
workings of the psychic mind by using hypnosis (Ostrander and Schroeder 1970). Considerable
research and effort went into the study of hypnosis and its relationship to psi. Such things as
“eyeless sight,” telepathic hypnosis, and psi enhancement were the focus of the research
(Ostrander and Schroeder 1970).

Dr. Mylan Ryzl of Czechoslovakia discovered that creating a state of “super wakefulness” in
hypnotized subjects would increase their receptivity or ability to perceive targets hidden in a

3
nearby room or even perceive targets remotely (Ostrander and Schroeder 1970). Russian
researchers have documented such phenomena as well (Lee 1994). Some of the current Russian
research is investigating the possible correlation between remote viewing and geological
structures, geometric structures, and “sacred space” (Kaznacheev and Trofimov 1992).

A similar American study found that during hypnotically suggested out-of-body experiences
(OBEs) when geometric figures were presented to the body, but not to the "awareness,” the
subjects were able to correctly “guess” the identity of the figures beyond chance levels (Nash,
Lynn and Stanley, 1984).

Although there has been considerable research in the West concerning parapsychology, psi
functioning and hypnosis, it seems that less emphasis has been placed on hypnotic modalities.
This may be due in part to general Western attitudes concerning hypnosis and suggestibility.

In the days of the cold war there was a perceived information gap between the East and West
pertaining to psi function. Western intelligence agencies wondered if psi might be adaptable to
intelligence gathering as it was rumored to be used in the Soviet Union. This gap in knowledge
lead to the development of the remote viewing program employed by various United States
intelligence agencies. Their research, however, apparently did not utilize hypnosis as an adjunct
in remote perception to the same extent of that of their Soviet counterparts. There was psi
research in the early American RV program that did include hypnosis, however, this method was
not considered a viable or reliable method. At least this author has found no documentable
evidence of a continued remote perception program utilizing hypnosis in the American program
as a primary adjunct to this date.

Current research in Russia has been oriented toward finding approaches that increase the
reproducibility of parapsychological phenomena. Dr. Andrei Lee (1994), a Moscow
parapsychologist, has conducted comparative studies of active and passive stimulation methods
associated with reproducible psi phenomena. Among passive methods of stimulation, such as
hypnosis, yoga, and holotropic breathing, it was discovered that hypnosis presented the best
results (Lee 1994). It is interesting to note that among the active stimulation methods, impulsed
electromagnetic and acoustic fields presented the best results (Lee 1994).

In summary, since early human history hypnosis has been used to facilitate altered states of
consciousness in ceremony and religion. The history of hypnosis is filled with cases where
hypnotized individuals were able to effect a state of extended awareness and perform remote
viewing functions. More recently hypnosis has been used as an instrument of psi enhancement
and development. Numerous modern cases have been documented demonstrating the use of
hypnosis as an adjunct to facilitate remote perception; however, the bulk of this research seems
to have been performed in Eastern Europe.

D. References

1. Edmunds, S., 1961. Hypnotism and Psychic Phenomena, Hollywood: Wilshire Book
Company.

2. Kaznacheev, V. P. and Trofimov, A. V., 1992. Cosmic Consciousness of Humanity,

Tomsk: Elendis Press.

4
 3. Kroger W. S., 1977. Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Second Edition,
Philidelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company.

4. Lee, A. G., 1994. “Elaboration of Different Ways of the Control Upon States of
Consciousness,” Parapsychology and Psychophysics, Vol. 4, Moscow: The Leonid Vasilyev
Fund of Parapsychology.

5. Nash, M. R., Lynn, S. J. and Stanley, S. 1984. “The Direct Hypnotic Suggestion of
Altered Mind/Body Perception,” American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, Vol. 27, Roselle, The
American Societ of Clinical Hypnosis.

6. Ostrander, S. and Schroeder, L., 1970. Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain,
Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

5
 THEORY

A. Concept

1. Definitions

a. Matrix: Something which gives origin or form to a thing, or which serves to

enclose it.

b. Collective Unconscious: A transpersonal inherited portion of the unconscious

as postulated by Dr. Carl Jung. Consists of ancestral memories and archetypes.

c. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): The part of the nervous system that is
concerned with control of the involuntary bodily functions. It regulates the functions of glands,
adrenal medulla, smooth muscle tissue, and the heart. It is divided into the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems.

d. Ideomotor Response: A subconscious reaction directly from the central

nervous system. It occurs when the thought of a movement produces slight tension in the
muscles which would be used to carry out that movement, thus actually producing the imagined
movement without conscious or voluntary effort.

e. Objectification: The act of physically saying out loud and/or writing down
information. In coordinate remote viewing methodology, objectification serves several important
functions: recording of information derived from the signal line; re-input of information into the
system as necessary for further prompting; and expelling of non-signal line derived material that
might otherwise clutter the system and mask valid signal line data.

f. Movement Exercise: A procedure used during a remote viewing session,

whereby the viewer is directed to various locations relative to the target site. These movements
may include, but are not limited to, moving within, without, above, below or around the target
site.

2. Discussion

Coordinate remote viewing theory postulates the concept of a non-material “matrix” in which any
and all information about any being, place or thing within the physical and/or non-physical
universe may be perceived. The concept of the matrix has been compared to Dr. Carl Jung’s
“collective unconscious.” It is from this matrix that a target data signal may be perceived.
Coordinate remote viewing methodology utilizes the viewer’s ability to contact a target via the
impingement of the data signal upon the autonomic nervous system and its subsequent
objectification via ideomotor responses. Upon making contact with a target the viewer then
works through several stages of controlled decipherment of the target site until the desired
information is obtained.

Hypnotic remote viewing methodology employs the use of hypnosis to assist the viewer in
obtaining an extended spatial-temporal state of consciousness whereby it is possible to achieve
bilocation. Once bilocation is accomplished the viewer is then directed by the monitor to the
target via a series of movement exercises. The viewer does not rely upon the autonomic nervous

6
system to convey data that must be systematically deciphered. Instead the viewer directly
perceives the target site and reports back the desired information. After the session the viewer is
dehypnotized and a detailed report is produced.

B. Levels of Consciousness

1. Definitions

a. Atavistic: Reverting to or suggesting the characteristics of a remote ancestor

or primitive type.

b. Conscious: Perceiving, apprehending, or noticing with a degree of controlled

thought or observation; recognizing as existent, factual, or true. Recognizing as factual or
existent something external. Present especially to the senses. Involving rational power,
perception, and awareness. By definition, the “conscious” part of the human being is that portion
of the human consciousness which is linked most closely to and limited by the material world.

c. Subconscious: Existing in the mind but not immediately available to

consciousness; affecting thought, feeling, and behavior without entering awareness. The mental
activities just below the threshold of consciousness.

d. Critical Mind Area: The area of the mind that is part conscious and part
subconscious that critically filters and/or rejects information that it deems unknown or
detrimental.

e. Primitive Mind Area: The area of the mind where the fight or flight
(sympathetic) response is triggered via the autonomic nervous system.

f. Fight or Flight: The primitive survival instinct that triggers a response to

either protect oneself or escape a perceived danger or threat. The fight or flight response is
governed by the sympathetic nervous system.

g. Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): A large part of the autonomic nervous

system. It consists of ganglia, nerves and plexuses that supply the involuntary muscles. Most of
the nerves are motor, but some sensory. The sympathetic nervous system manages the fight or
flight mechanism when necessary.

2. Discussion

The theoretical HRV mind model presents a paradigm of human consciousness similar to that
suggested by Dr. John Kappas. The Kappasian model suggests that the mind may be divided into
several divisions of functioning awareness. These divisions are the conscious mind, critical mind,
subconscious mind, and primitive mind (Kappas 1987).

According to this model the conscious mind is the site of our “physical awareness.” The
conscious mind is the location of our logic, reasoning, analytic processes, and will power (Kappas
1987). The conscious mind retains the memory of events and feelings for approximately one and
one half hours and represents approximately 12 percent of our total mental capacity (Kappas
1987).

7
The critical mind is partly conscious and partly unconscious. The critical mind acts as a filter in
that it filters out knowns vs. unknowns. The critical mind rejects information that is deemed
detrimental to the well-being of the individual, or information that is in conflict with the
individual’s basic beliefs (Kappas 1987). The critical mind retains memory for approximately the
past twenty four hours (Kappas 1987).

The subconscious mind represents approximately 88 percent of our total mental capacity (Kappas
1987). The subconscious mind may be classified into two areas, the modern memory area and the
primitive mind area (Kappas 1987). The modern memory area contains memory from conception
to the present time. Primarily the modern memory area of the subconscious mind identifies and
associates information. For example we learn that an iron may be hot due to having once picked
up a hot iron. We identify iron and associate it with heat.

The primitive mind area contains our genetic memory, primitive dormant memory, as well as our
conditioned learning (Kappas 1987). The primitive mind area governs the fight or flight
mechanism of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. [This will be discussed
in greater detail in the section on The Atavistic Hypnotic Model.] This area of the mind typically
is accessed, regressed, or triggered only when threatened to the extreme (Kappas 1987). Such
atavistic responses occur outside of any conscious control as in the fight or flight response. An
example would be someone killing another out of extreme fear or rage without reason.

Remote viewing theory suggests that there is an area of the subconscious mind that is in contact
with another area of awareness that has come to be called the “matrix.” It would be logical to
surmise that the area of the subconscious mind that is responsible for such contact would be the
primitive mind area. The matrix is an area of awareness that appears to be vast and highly
structured. As stated previously, it has been described in terms that make it comparable to Dr.
Carl Jung’s collective unconscious. Jung relates in many of his writings the relationship between
the self and the collective unconscious. In writings about this relationship, he described the
various functions of the self, one function being intuition. Jung’s view was that intuition
provides information concerning “the atmosphere which surrounds all experience” (Fordham
1966). In remote viewing terms, the matrix, or perhaps collective unconscious, may be described
as an area of consciousness, that contains all information, every living thing, and every location
in both the physical and non-physical universe.

If remote viewing ability is referent to the area of primitive mind, then its function is most likely
a triggered sympathetic nervous response (fight or flight) of the autonomic nervous system.
There has been much speculation that remote viewing capability may have been a natural ability
of primitive humans. If this is so, then it is very likely that remote viewing is the result of a
primitive sympathetic response. The advantages of such a skill in a dangerous world are obvious.
The ability to perceive danger or to hunt would be greatly augmented by such a capacity.

A modern example of such an ability would be the uncanny skill that certain "point men" who
lead patrols into hostile territory during war time demonstrate. Point men tend to have a better
than average ability in avoiding ambushes and booby traps. The U. S. Army, during the Vietnam
war, gave extensive physical and psychological testing to several groups of individuals who were
said to have a better than average success rate as point men (Kress 1977). The Army's conclusion
was that "paranormal capabilities" were apparently the explanation for the point men's uncanny
abilities (Kress 1977).

8
There are also numerous cases where animals demonstrate what seems to be a similar psi ability.
An example would be a dog who was lost a hundred miles from home and who after several
weeks returned to it’s owner house. The hypothesis that remote viewing is a primal ability
suggests that it is a regressive state of consciousness. The implications of this theory will become
more apparent in the next two sections.

C. The Atavistic Hypnotic Model

1. Definitions

a. Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): The cranial sacral division of the

autonomic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system is the dominant system
governing moment to moment functioning and activity. It manages such functions as digestion
and reproduction, and also regulates the autonomic nervous system back to homeostasis after a
sympathetic response has ended.

b. Message Units: All of the input received by the brain from the environment,
the physical body, the conscious and subconscious minds. Message units have an impact upon
the critical mind.

2. Discussion

In order to better understand the concept supporting Hypnotic Remote Viewing (HRV), one must
first understand what hypnosis is. Hypnosis as we understand it today began in the 1950s.
Hypnosis, however, has been in use for a long time under various names. The first recorded use
of hypnosis goes back to the ancient Egyptian sleep temples where people went to be healed of
their illnesses (Kroger 1977). People would go to the temple to sleep while priests said prayers
over the sleeping patients. Since those days hypnosis has had a long and varied history. To
understand hypnosis and what creates the hypnotic state, one must take a look at primitive
humans, their development, and their means of survival (Kappas 1987).

As primitive animals evolved, natural instinct caused them to develop an increased ability for
either fight or flight. Some animals naturally developed increased strength and aggressiveness
(fight), whereas others developed increased sensory awareness, speed and agility (flight). When
certain animals were threatened and unable to run, fight or hide, they would retreat into a passive
apathetic state and play dead until the threat was over (Kappas, 1987, Meares, 1961). Several
modern day animals exhibit this particular trait. For example, the Hogg snake, rabbit, and
opossum are but a few. Animals that didn’t develop fight or flight traits didn’t survive. The fight
or flight instinct was very necessary for survival.

Initially, primitive humans relied totally on instinctual unconscious processes for survival. They
developed fight or flight traits similar to their animal neighbors, as well as, an increased ability to
think. These survival responses of fight or flight are sympathetic nervous system responses.

Sympathetic nervous system responses create very physical changes within the body to make it
possible for humans to either fight or escape when threatened by a perceived danger. Adrenaline
is released in large quantities in the body. The heart pumps faster. There is an increase in blood
pressure. Blood is shunted from the internal organs (e.g. digestive organs) to the muscles to assist
in either fighting, running, or both. The pupils dilate to better see the threat and/or environment

9
better. The individual sweats making him/herself more slippery and difficult to be grasped. The
muscles tighten in order to prepare for a blow. These responses assisted early humans in their
day-to-day survival.

Normally, human activity is dominated by the parasympathetic nervous system (feed and breed).
The parasympathetic nervous system is normally active when an individual is calm, relaxed, or
sleeping. This system monitors and controls such things as digestion and reproduction until a
perceived threat effects a response from the sympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic
and sympathetic nervous systems are essentially antagonists. The only time they function
together is during sexual activity. [Author's note: There is strong evidence of there being a
relationship between psi and sexuality. If this is the case, this may demonstrate another time
when the sympathetic and parasympathetic may work as agonists. Tantrik philosophy also
suggests similar data.]

Early humans did not possess inhibitory processes such as shame, guilt, morality, embarrassment,
obligation, or religious conditioning. Basically, they defecated and urinated without thought
wherever they happened to be located, had sex anywhere or with anyone whenever the urge
manifested, expressed aggression when threatened and, ran or hid whenever they could not fight a
more powerful enemy. Like many animals, primitive humans, when threatened to the extent that
fight or physical retreat was not possible, retreated into an phlegmatic, passive state in order to
appear dead until the predator left (Kappas 1987, Meares 1961).

Because of early humankind’s size and lack of natural weapons, they developed an ability to use
weapons and tools. They started to live and move in groups where it was safer. In order to
prevent detection when hiding, they limited their urination and defecation to certain areas. They
made clothing from skins for protection from the environment as well as for camouflage. With
time early humankind developed the first inhibitory processes of covering nakedness, grouping
with others for protection, and confining defecation and urination (Kappas 1987).

With the evolution of these inhibitory responses a greater level of consciousness came about, as
well as an increased responsibility to themselves and to others (Kappas 1987). Humans started to
move out of the primitive state of awareness and started to evolve a more conscious awareness.
Humanity’s subconscious processes then started to manage everything that was involuntary,
which included the inhibitory mechanisms (Kappas 1987). When threatened, the fight or flight
mechanism (sympathetic nervous system) would take control. When the threat was over the
parasympathetic nervous system regulated the system back to normal by suppressing the
sympathetic fight or flight reaction. As humans evolved and fight became less socially
acceptable, the parasympathetic nervous system began to suppress the primitive fight reaction,
allowing the flight reaction to become the more acceptable escape mechanism (Kappas 1987).

With the development of increased conscious awareness humans began to form anxieties due to
their inability to escape back into primitive mind. Humankind developed more of a critical mind.
The critical mind is an area of awareness that is partly conscious and partly unconscious. The
critical mind acts as a filter. It filters out knowns (pleasure) vs. unknowns (pain). To the critical
mind a known is a unit of information (message unit) that does not represent a threat, whereas an
unknown represents a threat (Kappas 1987). Whenever our human ancestors were faced with
information that was unknown, or known to be threatening, rather than use this new area of
consciousness, they would attempt to regress back to this atavistic state of consciousness (Kappas
1987). This same coping mechanism has remained with us to the present time although modern

10
mankind has more difficulty in escaping into this primitive state due to an ever expanding state of
consciousness.

It should be noted that this regression does not occur on the “behavioral” level, but rather at the
perceptual or “mental functioning” level (Meares 1961). It is not implied that primitive humans
lived in a constant state of hypnosis. Rather, that their higher functions retained the ability to
control these primitive functions to a greater or lesser degree (Meares 1961).

In the modern world, these primitive fight and flight responses manifest as anxiety (fight) and
depression (flight). The same mechanism that creates anxiety is the same one that creates the
hypnotic state (Kappas 1987). People who are in a high anxiety state will escape the anxiety by
regressing to a more primitive area of mind--or trance state (Kappas 1987). The same is true for
depression. It should be noted that during these states of consciousness individuals are more
suggestible to their environment.

At all times, humans are besieged with message units, or little bits of information that impact
upon the critical mind (Kappas 1987). Message units are received from the environment.
Constantly environmental message units from such things as television, radio, newspapers,
interaction with others, to name but a few, are being perceived. Message units are received from
the body. Hunger, tension, pleasure and pain are but a few of the message units that are received
by the critical mind from the body. The conscious mind is constantly sending message units as
well. The conscious mind handles our logic, reasoning and will power, and it is constantly
making decisions that have an impact upon the critical mind (Kappas 1987). The subconscious
mind receives and holds all of the information from our genetic, social, and religious backgrounds
(Kappas 1987). These subconscious mental processes also have a great impact upon the critical
mind.

In essence, the critical mind can only handle a limited number of message units at one time.
Whenever it is confronted with too many message units from the above areas that are
“unknowns,” or that are perceived as threatening, the primitive mode of fight or flight may be
initiated via the involuntary (autonomic) nervous system (Kappas 1987). Then the individual
may find him/herself in an anxious or depressive hypersuggestible state of consciousness (Kappas
1987).

Hypnosis uses the same mechanism, however, in a more positive, controlled manner (Kappas
1987). A person who has never been hypnotized may come to an unfamiliar environment to be
hypnotized such as the hypnotist’s office. The person may be wondering what it is like to be
hypnotized, or if he/she can even be hypnotized. He/she may have some unconscious fears about
hypnosis or a fear of loss of control. The hypnotist may present the individual with physical
sensation messages relating to various parts of the body, perhaps feeling heavy, light, or relaxed.
The hypnotist may be using language that is confusing to the conscious mind of the individual
making it difficult for him/her to digest what is being said. The message units before long create
an increased anxiety that eventually leads to the escape process known as hypnosis (Kappas
1987). Having thus escaped, the mind loses some of it’s critical ability and becomes more
suggestible to positive suggestion.

In summary, anxiety, depression, and hypnosis are regressive primitive mental states of
consciousness (Kappas 1987). These states are produced by autonomic responses of the
sympathetic nervous system as a result of an overload of message units impacting upon the

11
critical mind. They are the same except that: hypnosis is a controlled pleasurable state; whereas,
anxiety (or depression) is a worried, fearful, uncontrolled state (Kappas 1987).

D. Hypnosis and Brain Dominance

1. Definitions

a. Emotional Suggestibility: A suggestible behavior characterized by a high

degree of responsiveness to inferred suggestion affecting the emotions and a restriction of
physical body responses; usually associated with hypnoidal depth. Emotional suggestibility is a
left brain dominant behavior.

b. Physical Suggestibility: A suggestible behavior characterized by a high

degree of responsiveness to suggestions affecting the body, and a restriction of emotional
responses; usually associated with cataleptic stages or deeper. Physical suggestibility is a right
brain dominant behavior.

c. Natural Somnambulist: A suggestible behavior characterized by an equal

degree of responsiveness to both emotional and physical suggestions. [See Somnambulism
below.]
d. Hypnoidal: A light stage of hypnosis, usually associated with emotional
suggestibility; also used to refer to the transitional state of consciousness between the state of
wake and sleep.

e. Catalepsy: A medium depth of hypnosis, between hypnoidal and

somnambulism.

f. Somnambulism: The deepest stage of hypnosis, where the subject may

respond with amnesia, anesthesia, negative and positive hallucinations, and complete control of
the senses. This type of subject usually has 50 percent emotional and 50 percent physical
suggestibility.

g. Dissociation: The loss of feeling in different areas of the body while in the
hypnotic state; being more aware of mind than of body.

2. Discussion

Resent research demonstrates that brain dominance plays an important role in hypnosis and
hypnotic behavior. The Kappasian model of hypnosis views hypnosis as a behavior rather than a
technique. This model suggest three primary forms of hypnotic suggestibility and behavior based
upon brain dominance (Kappas 1987). Each of these behavioral types responds in a very specific
manner while in the hypnotic state. These behavioral types are: emotional suggestibility,
physical suggestibility and natural somnambulism (Kappas 1987).

Suggestibility may be simply defined as an individual’s hypnotic personality (Kappas 1987).

Another way to view suggestibility is that suggestibility is an individual’s mode of learning. An
individual’s suggestibility is determined by all of the conditioning and experiences of his or her
life. Usually life experiences between the time of birth to ages six to eight have the most impact
in forming one’s suggestibility (Kappas 1987). It is, however, beyond the scope of this document

12
to describe all aspects of these personality types. Instead the focus will be on hypnotic response
and behavior.

The physical suggestible, or right brain dominant person, will respond to any direct, literal
suggestion affecting the body, but will not respond to suggestions affecting his or her emotional
behavior (Kappas 1987). The physical suggestible person can demonstrate cataleptic as well as
somnambulistic traits. A physically suggestible individual tends to be more kinesthetic oriented
and experience more pronounced ego sensations in the body. These persons also tend to be more
visual oriented.

The emotional suggestible, or left brain dominant, person responds to suggestions that affect his
or her emotional behavior, but will not respond to suggestions affecting the physical body
(Kappas 1987). This type of subject doesn’t respond well to direct suggestions, but rather to
inferred suggestions. These individuals tend to stay in lighter stages of hypnosis. Most
emotional suggestible individuals generally exhibit hypnoidal traits, although, some will exhibit
cataleptic and sometimes somnambulistic traits. Emotional suggestible persons tend to be more
auditory in their orientation.

An individual who is a natural somnambulist will respond to physical and emotional suggestions
equally (Kappas 1987). Behaviorally they demonstrate the deeper somnambulistic states of
hypnosis. Such phenomena as positive and negative hallucination, amnesia, time distortion, and
anesthesia are possible with somnambulistic persons (Kappas 1987, Kroger 1977). Historically it
has been somnambulistic persons who have demonstrated such psychic phenomena as “traveling
clairvoyance” and “eyeless sight” (Edmunds 1961). Somnambulism seems to be necessary to
create the degree of dissociation needed to effect bilocation for hypnotic remote viewing. This
author’s research validates this hypothesis.

Individuals may be tested via the Kappasian Suggestibility Test [See Appendix A] to ascertain
brain dominance. It should be noted that no individual is totally left or right brain dominant.
Dominance is a matter of degree. That is a person will have both left and right brain traits,
however, one trait will generally be dominant. It is interesting to note that individuals who are
natural somnambulists tend to be 50 percent emotional suggestible and 50 percent physical
suggestible (Kappas 1987). This may suggest a “whole brain” phenomenon. About seven
percent of the American population are naturally somnambulistic. It is possible, however, to
increase or decrease the degree of somnambulism in most persons.

Previous remote viewing research has suggested that right brain dominant individuals perform
CRV better than their left brain dominant counterparts. Current Russian research has
demonstrated that when hypnosis was directed toward lowering the tonus of the left hemisphere
with simultaneous activation of the right hemisphere, that the results of extra sensory perception
tests increased from 50 to 73 percent (Bragina and Dobrokhotova 1988). Thus far HRV research
demonstrates that somnambulism is apparently necessary to create the required degree of
dissociation for extended awareness or bilocation. To confirm this premise further research is
needed.

13
E. Hypnotic Remote Viewing Model

1. Definitions

a. The System: The term as used in this document refers to all of the integrative
elements of the viewer. This includes all of the biological, mental, physical and metaphysical
elements of the viewer that assist or enable him/her to accomplish and function as a remote
viewer.

b. Inclemencies: Personal considerations, such as illness, physical discomfort, or

emotional stress, that might degrade or even preclude psychic functioning.

c. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): An hysterical neurosis in which the

personality becomes dissociated into two or more distinct but complex and socially and
behaviorally integrated parts each of which becomes dominant and controls behavior from time to
time to the exclusion of the others. This condition was previously labeled Multiple Personality
Disorder (MPD).

d. Noise: The effect of the various types of overlay, inclemencies, etc. that
serves to obscure or confuse the viewer's reception and accurate decoding of the signal line.

e. Objectify: To present as an object, especially of sight, touch, or other physical

sense; to make objective; to externalize.

2. Discussion

The model for hypnotic remote viewing is based upon the supposition that remote viewing, as
well as hypnosis, are atavistic states of consciousness that are governed by the primitive mind
area of the subconscious, and that these states are triggered by a sympathetic response of the
autonomic nervous system. Being that hypnosis and remote viewing may be activated by the
same mechanism it seems likely that hypnosis should present a viable adjunct as a remote
viewing procedure.

In Stage I of CRV methodology the viewer objectifies any inclemencies before attempting to
make contact with a target. Inclemencies are personal considerations that might preclude psi
functioning. Examples would be bodily sensations such as itching or pain, external noise,
persistent thoughts or anything that the viewer regards as a distraction. Generally such
considerations are called “noise.” When such noise distracts the viewer he or she objectifies the
distraction by verbally declaring it or by writing it down. This serves the purpose of
acknowledging and expelling from the system any information that would otherwise block or
interfere with the signal.

Previous CRV research suggests that the only inclemencies that will “cause the system to totally
not function” are hunger and a pressing need to eliminate bodily wastes. Both of these functions
are managed by the parasympathetic nervous system. As stated previously, the parasympathetic
nervous system has a suppressing effect on the sympathetic nervous system. This adds further
credence to the theory that remote viewing may be a sympathetic nervous system mechanism.

It was previously explained that the sympathetic nervous system, via the flight or flight response,
can create an altered state of consciousness or trance state. There are numerous cases reported in

14
which individuals who have experienced severe psychological trauma describe a feeling of
dissociation so severe that the individual feels like he or she has left the body or perhaps
bilocated. One may hypothesize that the most profound fight or flight response is bilocation
itself--the ultimate escape. In the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Doctors Scherl and
Sutherland (1970) describe a case in point. In this article a rape survivor describes: “I left my
body at that point. I was over next to my bed, watching this happen . . . I dissociated from the
helplessness. I was standing next to me and there was just this shell on the bed . . . There was just
a feeling of flatness. I was just there. When I repicture the room, I don’t picture it from the bed.
I picture it from the side of the bed. That’s where I was watching from.” Conventional
psychology labels this phenomenon in terms of a psychological perspective rather than a
parapsychological one. It is interesting to note that frequently trauma survivors, who have
experienced this type of dissociation, are able to describe aspects of their environment that would
have been difficult, if not impossible, to view from their actual physical location.

It is possible that brain dominance plays a role in such phenomena. When an individual is
completely powerless, and any form of resistance is futile, the system of self-defense shuts down
entirely. The individual escapes from the situation not by physical action but rather by altering
his or her state of consciousness. Traumatic events can serve as powerful activators of trance
states (Herman 1992). Studies have demonstrated that although people vary in their ability to
enter into hypnotic states due to brain dominance, trance is a normal property of human
consciousness (Herman 1992). In a severe trauma situation a right brain dominant person might
react with an increased fight response. A left brain dominant person may become “paralyzed”
and unable to respond to the situation; whereas a somnambulist might conceivably bilocate to
escape the situation. This is all conjecture; however, there is much psychiatric and psychological
evidence to suggest such possibilities.

Data from a recent study presented at the 1994 annual American Psychological Association
meeting suggests that 12% of the population reports an out-of-body experience (OBE) sometime
in their lives (Csoli, Ramsay and Spanos 1994). The study found that these experiences “can
occur under stress or deep relaxation; not while driving a car” (Csoli, Ramsay and Spanos 1994).
This same study found that the OBE-experiencing people had “higher levels of anxiety,
psychosomatic symptoms, and panic attacks” (Csoli, Ramsay and Spanos 1994).

Many individuals who suffer from various dissociative disorders at times demonstrate various
psychic phenomena. This has been particularly noted in cases of Dissociative Identity Disorder
(Ross 1989). As a rule individuals who exhibit DID behavior are somnambulists who have a
great capacity for trance (Ross 1989, Spanos 1996). It should be pointed out that these
individuals who suffer from DID generally have had a history of traumatic abuse (Ross 1989,
Spanos 1996). They’ve adapted to their situations by creating alter personalities that
compartmentalize the trauma in order to deal with their situation--a very adaptive form of escape
mechanism. Dr. Barbara Brown (1980) states, “One of the miracles of our evolving mind may, in
fact, be its ability to partition itself into sophisticated, logical, seemingly autonomous unitary bits
of consciousness.” There seems to be a correlation between dissociation, multiplicity and psi
function.

Dr. Andrei Lee (1992) has performed studies showing that psi abilities such as psychokinesis may
be associated with certain psychiatric disorders. Dr. Lee (1992) has observed a 30 to 40 percent
increase in psi ability among certain psychiatric patients during their acute phases.

15
Doctors Dobronravova and Lebedeva (1988) have shown a correlation between enhanced psi
functioning and individual profiles of functional asymmetry. For example they presented a
correlation between “premonition phenomena” and the “phenomenon of vision broadening” and a
particular combination of motor and sensory asymmetries such as left/right-handedness,
asymmetry in hearing, vision and tactile perceptions. These two researchers have also
documented the fact that “individuals who have experienced a serious trauma will often later
demonstrate psi abilities” (Dobronravova and Lebedeva 1992).

Remote viewing uses hidden mechanisms of the unconscious to carry out its function, and these
mechanisms seem to be refferent to the sympathetic nervous system. Hypnosis, thus far, seems to
be the best way of activating these unconscious mechanisms as it uses similar sympathetic
nervous system pathways. Hypnosis illustrates an ability to manipulate consciousness
intentionally (Brown 1980). By using hypnosis the viewer can be placed into a deep trance state
to facilitate awareness extension or bilocation. Once in this state the viewer may be directed to
the target site and he or she may describe any of the various aspects of the target site. The viewer
may move about the target site as well as interact with any beings that may be present. The
viewer when in this state is non-referent to space and time and may freely view the past, present
or future. Hypnotic remote viewing offers a dynamic methodology for parapsychological
exploration. The structure and methodology of HRV will be discussed in the succeeding sections
of this document.

F. References

1. American Psychiatric Association, 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Disorders, Fourth Edition, Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.

2. Bragina N. N. and Dobrokhotova, T. A., 1988. Functional Asymmetries of Man,

Second Edition, Moscow: Medicina.

3. Brown, B. B., 1980. Supermind: The Ultimate Energy, New York: Bantam Books.

4. Csoli, K, Ramsay, J. T. and Spanos, N. P., 1994, August. “Psychological Correlates

of the Out-of-Body Experiences--a Reexamination,” Los Angelos: American Psychological
Association.

5. Dobronravova, I. S. and Lebedeva, N. N., 1992. “Organization of EEG Rhythms at

Special States of Consciousness,” Parapsychology in the U.S.S.R., Vol. 1, Moscow: The Leonid
Vasilyev Fund of Parapsychology.

6. Fordham, F., 1966. An Introduction to Jung’s Psychology, Third Edition, New York:
Penguin Books.

7. Herman, J. L., 1992. Trauma and Recovery, New York: Basic Books.

8. Kappas, J. G., 1987. Professional Hypnotism Manual, Revised Edition, Van Nuys:
Panorama Publishing Company.

9. Kress, Kenneth A., 1977. "Parapsychology in Intelligence: A personal Review and

Conclusions," Washington D. C.: Central Intelligence Agency. (Declassified 1994.)

16
 10. Kroger W. S., 1977. Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Second Edition,
Philidelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company.

11. Lee, A. G., 1992. “Extrasensory Phenomena in the Psychiatric Clinic,”

Parapsychology in the U.S.S.R., Vol. 1, Moscow: The Leonid Vasilyev Fund of Parapsychology.

12. Meares, A., 1961. A System of Medical Hypnosis, Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders

Company.

13. Ross, C. A., 1989. Multiple Personality Disorder, New York: John Wiley & Sons.

14. Scherl, D. J. and Sutherland, S., 1970. “Patterns of Response Among Victims of
Rape,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 40, New York: American Orthopsychiatric
Association.

15. Spanos, N. P., 1996. Multiple Identities & False Memories, Washington, D. C.:
American Psychological Association

16. Strelchenko, A. B. and Zvonikov, V. M., 1993. “Purposeful Differentiated Hypnotic

Treatment as a Method for the Activation of Hidden Abilities in Man,” Parapsychology and
Psychophysics, Vol. 3, Moscow: The Leonid Vasilyev Fund of Parapsychology.

17. Thomas, C. L., 1989. Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, Sixteenth Edition,
Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.

17
 SESSION REQUIREMENTS

A. Viewer Requirements

1. Altered States of Consciousness

Previously it was suggested that the best viewer candidates for HRV are somnambulistic persons
with an increased capacity for hypnotic trance. These individuals have historically demonstrated
the necessary degree of dissociation to achieve a state of extended consciousness known as
bilocation (Edmunds 1961). It should be emphasized that when the term dissociation is used in
this document it is referent to altered states of consciousness rather than psychological pathology.

Traditionally psychologists and psychiatrists have focused their studies on abnormal human
behavior. When an individual demonstrates a mental activity or behavior that is isolated from the
norms of society, and it is seen as having no features in it that are valuable to that society, then
that behavior is labeled as mental disease. Conversely when a similar mind state that is just as
isolated from society is viewed as having redeeming and enlightening insights then that behavior
may be labeled as philosophical or mystical. Mystical states are so called due to their usually
being associated with spirituality and/or religion. There are, however, many experiences in daily
life that approximate mystical experiences (Brown 1980).

In Western society an individual who has the ability to dissociate to a very high degree could be
labeled as having Dissociative Identity Disorder, however, in another society this same individual
might be labeled as a shaman or a priest. It is a matter of socio-cultural perspective. It may
simply be a matter of whether the individual’s ability to dissociate is adaptive or maladaptive in a
socio-cultural sense. Previously it was alluded that many individuals diagnosed as having various
psychiatric disorders often demonstrate psi ability (Lee 1992, Ross 1989). It has also been
pointed out that the same mechanisms that create anxiety and depression are the same ones that
create the altered state of consciousness known as hypnosis (Kappas 1987). There may only be a
fine line that separates the psychotic from the psychic or mystic. The ability of mind to slip into
different dissociative states of consciousness seems to be a normal human behavior (Brown
1980).

According to Dr. Brown (1980) a mystical dissociative state may be characterized by “(1) a
dissociation of thought from both the emotions and sensations; (2) a total focus of attention and
all mental operations on quite special kinds of thoughts; (3) insights and enlightenments that do
not usually occur in most states of mind and consciousness activity; and (4) the subsequent
usefulness of the insights, certainly to the individual, and often to much society.” This is not
unlike the end results of the hypnotherapeutic process.

To ascertain a viewer candidates ability and capacity for deep trance states, there are several
written tests that may be administered. One test that has already been previously mentioned is the
Kappas Suggestibility Test [See Appendix A]. This test will assist in determining one’s brain
dominance as well as testing one’s suggestibility to hypnosis. It has already been suggested that a
natural somnambulist will often present a “50/50” score. Another such test is the Hypnotic Index
Profile (HIP). The HIP is designed to provide a scale for determining hypnotic behavior and
depth (Spiegel and Spiegel 1978). It may prove useful in determining who might make good
candidates for HRV [See Appendix B]. A test that may help in determining psi ability is the
PsiQuest Paranormal Experience Questionnaire [See Appendix C]. There are also hypnotic tests

18
such as testing for positive and negative hallucinations, amnesia, catalepsy, etc. Such phenomena
are consistent with somnambulistic behavior.

An issue that needs mentioning is the fact that individuals who are naturally somnambulistic tend
to be more suggestible to their environment. This means that these persons will generally
experience stress in their daily lives to a higher degree than the rest of the population. This is
something that can be dealt with via the hypnotherapeutic process, however, further discussion on
hypnotherapy is beyond the scope of this document.

Though much has been written in resent years on psychological disorders, hypnosis, meditation,
and altered states of consciousness, little seems to have been achieved in terms of discovering
whether or not these states have a common mechanism. There is much need for additional
research in this area. This author suspects that further research will lead to the discovery of new
strategies for reproducing altered states of consciousness that can be used for the enhancement of
psi functioning in general and remote viewing in particular.

2. Psychological Preparedness

a. Definitions

1. Traumatic Incident Debriefing (TID): A debriefing method aimed at

assisting individuals who have experienced recent traumatic stress in the process of psychological
ventilation. Also called Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD).

2. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): An anxiety disorder

characterized by the onset of stress symptoms following a psychologically traumatic event that is
generally outside the range of normal human experience and which would evoke significant
symptoms of distress in most people.

b. Discussion

Probably the most important characteristic for the viewer is psychological preparedness. The
individual should be psychologically stable and prepared for the experiences of extended
consciousness and/or bilocation. In the military remote viewing program often times viewers that
previously had near death experiences (NDEs) and/or out of body experiences (OOBEs) were
selected from the ranks and inducted into the remote viewing program (Morehouse 1996,
McMoneagle 1997). It is likely that some of these individuals were not properly prepared for
their psi experiences and had difficulty integrating these experiences into their daily lives. Major
David Morehouse (1996) describes his ordeal with such experiences in his book Psychic Warrior.

Western science and psychology have traditionally regarded parapsychological phenomena

and/or behavior as being abnormal. It seems quite likely that many individuals are often
diagnosed as exhibiting various psychiatric disorders, when in fact, they are experiencing
parapsychological phenomena to which they have had difficulty in integrating and/or
understanding.

It is useful to compare Eastern spiritual practices (yoga) with remote viewing practices in terms of
psychological outcome. Morehouse (1996) speaks very candidly about his psychological
disposition after his near death experience and experiences with remote viewing. Nothing in
Morehouse’s life had prepared him for what he was to eventually encounter as a remote viewer,

19
and he paid a psychological price for it. In Eastern practices, for example, kundalini yoga, the
practitioner spends years in preparation for his/her eventual experience with higher
consciousness. However, even with lengthy preparation, some individuals still have difficulty
integrating the experience into their lives. Gopi Krishna (1970), a master yogi, and author of
Kundalini: The Evolutionary Energy in Man, relates his experience with higher consciousness.
He recounts that even with 17 years of preparation he experienced “schizophrenia-like behavior”
for several years after his eventual experience with samahdi or higher consciousness.

Western spirituality, philosophy, and science in many ways does not prepare the individual for
expanding the boundaries of our “agreed upon reality.” Should any viewer encounter difficulty
with his/her bilocation experiences then psychological support should be made available. In and
of itself, this author’s research with controlled bilocation, has presented no viewer psychological
difficulties; however, what the viewer perceives may present difficulties. For example, one may
through remote viewing, witness an event where someone was hurt or killed. Such an event may
be traumatic to the viewer. Psychological difficulties, however, will be minimized if a good post
session Traumatic Incident Debriefing (TID) program is in place. TID is a structured debriefing
process that allows an individual, who has experienced recent traumatic stress, to ventilate his/her
feelings about the traumatic event (Schmuckler 1990). Such debriefing procedures greatly reduce
any future possibility of experiencing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms
(Schmuckler 1990). [This will be discussed in greater detail in a later section.] Any viewer who
is having difficulty integrating his or her HRV experiences should be evaluated as to whether or
not continued HRV practice is warranted.

Initially, a viewer may experience emotion or other interaction with a target, but as the viewer
becomes more experienced, it becomes more easily managed. It is not unlike those individuals
who work in the area of public safety. Paramedics, firefighters and police officers often deal with
persons and situations that are traumatic. Overtime, and with increased experience, they better
manage their emotions and feelings.

The real psychological effect has ultimately to do with personal stability. Any individual who
participates in HRV or any other remote viewing modality will soon learn that it does work, and
that true psychic functioning is occurring. The only true danger in remote viewing performance
is that it will change ones view of reality. Simply put--some people are ready and can deal with
that, while others can not.

It should be noted that various meditative practices have been found to be useful to many remote
viewers. Such practices may go along way in preparing the individual for his or her experiences
in extended consciousness.

3. Other Factors

One trait said to have been important for a viewer candidate in the original military remote
viewing program was the character trait of “risk taking.” A person who has a sense of adventure
and who is open minded concerning the nature of reality will probably make the best viewer
candidate for HRV. Individuals who have backgrounds where a keen sense of observation is
essential (e.g., photoanalyst, police officer, etc.) will probably be more descriptive in relating
pertinent target site details.

B. Monitor Requirements

20
The monitor plays an important role in the HRV process. He or she guides the viewer into the
hypnotic state, aides the viewer in acquiring the bilocation state, directs the viewer to the target
location, directs any movement exercises, records the session, and watches for any psychological
stress in the viewer. Post session the monitor debriefs the viewer and assists with formulating the
final report.

The Monitor should be familiar with remote viewing procedure and methodology especially as it
pertains to HRV. He or she should be a well trained hypnotist, or ideally, hypnotherapist. It is
also advisable that the HRV monitor be trained in Traumatic Incident Debriefing in order to assist
the viewer in the psychological ventilation process should it be necessary post session. The
monitor should be competent in these areas in order to handle any crisis during the session,
although, this is a rare occurrence.

C. HRV Site Requirements

The location of the HRV session should be a room that is quiet and without distraction. Ideally,
the room will be an HRV dedicated room that is furnished with a recliner for the viewer, as well
as a table and chair for the monitor. The lighting of the room should be controlled via a dimmer
switch. Audio and/or video recording equipment should be present in order to properly record
the session. There should be lined paper, clipboard, pens, and/or pencils for the monitor so that
he or she may take notes. There should also be unlined paper, clipboard, pens, and/or pencils for
the viewer should he or she need to write, draw, or objectify any relevant data. Modeling clay or
“play dough” should also be available to assist the viewer in any further objectification of
relevant information.

D. References

1. American Psychiatric Association, 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Disorders, Fourth Edition, Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.

2. Brown, B. B., 1980. Supermind: The Ultimate Energy, New York: Bantam Books.

3. Edmunds, S., 1961. Hypnotism and Psychic Phenomena, Hollywood: Wilshire Book
Company.

4. Schmuckler, E., 1990. Traumatic Incident Debriefing Training Manual, Forsyth:

Georgia Public Safety Training Center.

5. Kappas, J. G., 1987. Professional Hypnotism Manual, Revised Edition, Van Nuys:
Panorama Publishing Company.

6. Krishna, G., 1970. Kundalini: The Evolutionary Energy, Berkeley: Shambala

Publications.

7. Lee, A. G., 1992. “Extrasensory Phenomena in the Psychiatric Clinic,”

Parapsychology in the U.S.S.R., Vol. 1, Moscow: The Leonid Vasilyev Fund of Parapsychology.

21
 8. McMoneagle, J., 1997. Mind Trek, Revised Edition, Charlottesville: Hampton Roads
Publishing Company, Inc.

9. Morehouse, D., 1996. Psychic Warrior, New York: St. Martin’s Press.

10. Ross, C. A., 1989. Multiple Personality Disorder, New York: John Wiley & Sons.

11. Spiegel H. and D. Spiegel, 1978, Trance and Treatment, Washington, D. C.:
American Psychiatric Press.

22
 STRUCTURE

A. Introduction

Structurally HRV is divided into eight separate stages. Each stage is a logical progression from
one phase into another. These stages have no relationship or application to any other form of
remote viewing methodology. The following outline is a very brief presentation of the HRV
stages. [A more detailed examination will follow in the succeeding section.]

B. Outline of HRV Stages

1. Stage I: Preparations and Pre-briefing

The viewer is prepared and presented with elementary target information to later assist in target
acquisition. Any inclemencies are also dealt with at this stage.

2. Stage II: Hypnotic Induction and “Deepening”

The Hypnotic state is induced in the viewer and the state is deepened.

3. Stage III: Consciousness Extension

The monitor assists the viewer in achieving a state of extended consciousness or bilocation.

4. Stage IV: Target Engagement and Acquisition

The viewer is directed to the target, the viewer engages the target, and target acquisition is
accomplished.

5. Stage V: Target Exploration and Reporting

The target site is systematically explored via movement exercises and various techniques. Any
special procedures are also performed during this stage.

6. Stage VI: Target Disengagement and Dehypnotization

The viewer disengages from the target. The viewer is then dehypnotized and brought out of the
hypnotic state.

7. Stage VII: Debriefing

A standard debriefing follows whereby target details/data are discussed by the viewer and
monitor. Should the target present any traumatic or psychological issues then these issues are
dealt with at this stage.

23
 8. Stage VIII: Final Report

Based on the information obtained from the session, a final report is produced which will be
presented to the tasking agency. Along with viewer data, the monitor will add comments
pertaining to any insight that he or she may have obtained during the session.

24
 METHODOLOGY

A. Stage I: Preparations and Pre-briefing

1. Inclemencies

As per CRV protocol, prior to any HRV procedures, any viewer inclemencies must be dealt with.
Inclemencies were previously described as being personal considerations that might preclude psi
functioning. Bodily sensations such as itching or pain, external noise, persistent thoughts or
anything that the viewer regards as a distraction is an inclemency. The viewer deals with such
distractions by objectifying the inclemency by declaring it verbally and/or by writing it down.
This serves the purpose of acknowledging and expelling from the system any information that
could otherwise interfere with the viewer’s mental state. The only inclemencies that can not be
properly handled via objectification are hunger and the pressing need to eliminate bodily wastes.

2. Pre-briefing

a. Definitions

1. Front-Loaded: When the target is known to the viewer or when the

viewer has any prior knowledge of the target. The opposite targeting method is “blind” targeting
where the viewer has no prior information what-so-ever concerning the target.

2. Blind-Targeting: When the target is unknown to the viewer. Usually

randomly generated numbers or letters are assigned the target as coordinates. The viewer only
has these coordinates to reference the target with.

3. Analytic Overlay (AOL): Subjective interpretation of signal line data,

which may or may not be relevant to the site; the analytic response of the viewer’s mind to signal
line input.

b. Discussion

Once inclemencies have been properly dealt with the viewer is then briefed and front-loaded with
target information. Only enough information is presented to the viewer in order for him/her to
later accomplish target acquisition. CRV is a perceptual decipherment methodology, whereas,
HRV is a direct perceptual methodology. In CRV methodology a target may be given to the
viewer blind in order to prevent any preconceived ideas, assumptions or deductions (analytic
overlay) to interfere with target data. In HRV, blind targeting appears unnecessary due to the
viewer operating in a state of extended consciousness where there is non-interference from the
conscious and critical mind. There is no analytic overlay because target information is not being
received and processed through the viewer’s system as in CRV methodology.

Experimentally blind targeting has been attempted in HRV. Each time the viewer was given
randomly generated target numbers representing a given target location, the viewer was unable to
acquire the target. However, when the viewer was given just enough information as a mode of
connectivity to the target, the viewer was able to acquire the target. [Target acquisition will be
discussed in a succeeding section.]

25
During this briefing any other matters that are relevant are discussed in order for the monitor to
assess the viewer’s preparedness for HRV. After the pre-briefing the hypnotic induction stage
begins.

B. Stage II: Hypnotic Induction and “Deepening” Techniques

There are numerous methods for hypnotic induction and deepening. This author uses
methodology consistent with the Kappasian model. The particular induction method is
determinant upon the viewer’s brain dominance and personality type. It is beyond the scope of
this document, however, to elaborate further on the technique of hypnotic induction and
deepening. If the reader is unfamiliar with hypnotic induction and technique, then he or she is
advised to seek out competent instruction. Should the reader be familiar with hypnosis and wish
further information on the author’s methodology then he or she is directed to read the
Professional Hypnotism Manual by John G. Kappas, Ph.D.

C. Stage III: Consciousness Extension

1. Definitions

a. Age Regression: A hypnotic technique whereby an individual is directed to

remember or revivify experiences of the past. This is a common technique in forensic
(investigative) hypnosis.

b. Pre-birth Regression: A hypnotic regression technique where it is theoretically

possible to have a subject remember apparent experiences prior to his/her present lifetime. These
memories may include “past life” memories.

c. Anchoring: Any stimulus that triggers a set of internal responses and/or

actions. Virtually synonomous with post-hypnotic suggestion.

d. Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP): A communication model that refers to

the common process human beings use for encoding, transferring, and modifying behavior.

e. Post-hypnotic Suggestion: A suggestion given to be carried out after the

subject has awakened from the hypnotic state. Virtually synonomous with anchoring.

2. Discussion

The most crucial component of HRV is the alteration of the viewer’s state of consciousness from
that of a deep hypnotic state to that of a state of awareness that is non-referent to space and time.
Dr. Mylan Ryzal, the Czechoslovakian parapsychologist, described this as a state of “super
wakefulness” (Ostrander and Schroeder 1970). The goal is to assist the viewer in acquiring a
bilocated state of awareness by which he or she is capable of moving anywhere through space
and/or time.

This author’s method for doing this was discovered inadvertently several years ago in the 1980s.
During that time the author was doing considerable research on pre-birth regression. It was then
discovered that some individuals when moved into a “pre-birth” state of awareness were able to

26
perform various psi phenomena, including bilocation. It should be noted that the author is using
the term pre-birth to denote the memory/experience between “lifetimes,” particularly the “last
lifetime” and the “present lifetime.” When in this state of consciousness, the subjects of the
research could be directed to move from one location to another, perceive, and describe events,
people, and objects that were at these respective locations.

3. Methodology

The viewer is placed into a deep somnambulistic state of hypnosis. Once the monitor is confident
that the viewer is in the required state, the viewer is then systematically age regressed. This
process is guided by bringing up only pleasant memories as the viewer is moved backwards. This
process continues until the viewer has been regressed to about age two to four.

At this point, the viewer is then directed to move backwards to a “memory before this lifetime.”
The viewer may bring up a “past life” memory at this point. Should this happen the viewer is
directed to move forward and locate a memory between his or her past life and the present one.
What the monitor actually wants is for the viewer to bring up a memory or an awareness of being
between lifetimes. When in this state many viewers report feeling like they are “floating in an
area of light” and often describe the feeling of being “connected with everything.” Some viewers
relate feeling like they are “moving through a tunnel.” These accounts are not unlike those
related by persons who have experienced near death experiences.

This state may be likened to the concept of a forth dimensional (4-D) person becoming aware of a
sixth dimensional (6-D) universe. Human beings are normally aware of a 4-D universe of three
dimensions of space and one dimension of time. A remote viewer, seemingly, is able to become
aware of, and operate within, a 6-D universe of four dimensions of space and two dimensions of
time. An individual operating in a 6-D state of consciousness would appear as “all knowing and
all seeing” to an individual in a 4-D universe (Bordon 1996).

Individuals who are somnambulistic have a tendency to not only remember past experiences, but
to relive them complete with all of the mental and emotional content. That is they have the
capacity to re-manifest a past state of consciousness that was experienced at that time. Herein lies
the key to this particular method of HRV. When the somnambulistic viewer is moved into this 6-
D-like state of consciousness, he or she will not only remember what the state was like, but will
re-manifest the state in present time complete with an omniscient-like extended awareness!

Once the viewer is in this state of consciousness, the state is anchored using Neuro-Linguistic
Programming (NLP) methodology. Once the state has been anchored, a post-hypnotic suggestion
may be given as a trigger mechanism to more rapidly facilitate state modality in the future.

A viewer, having previously experienced this state, will achieve it with much more ease in the
next session; especially, if the state has been anchored and reinforced via a post-hypnotic
suggestion. In subsequent sessions it will only be necessary for the viewer to be placed in the
hypnotic state and then the trigger mechanism be activated by the monitor, in which case, the
viewer will facilitate the state.

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 4. Testing Viewer Consciousness State

Once the viewer is in this state of extended awareness, or bilocation, the monitor may want to test
the viewer’s state of consciousness by tasking the viewer on a verifiable target that provides
immediate feedback. This procedure will have the added benefit of acting as a barometer for
determining viewer readiness as well as assist in identifying any unascertained factors that may
effect session outcome. Having tested the viewer’s state of consciousness via a verifiable target,
the process of target acquisition may begin.

D. Stage IV: Target Engagement and Acquisition

1. General

The viewer has already been front-loaded as far as targeting information. At this stage he or she
is now directed to “locate and acquire the target.” Once target acquisition has been accomplished
this is affirmed by the viewer, either verbally, or via ideomotor responses.

It has already been stated that blind targeting is unnecessary. In fact, this author’s research has
demonstrated that blind targeting just doesn’t seem to work in HRV for reasons already
discussed. Generally, when the viewer is asked to “locate and acquire the target,” he or she
simply does so without difficulty. There, however, have been problems with targeting. Often
times when targets are of a similar nature, concept, context, or design, the viewer may go to a
similar-type target location that he or she is naturally drawn to. This tends to occur with targets
that are somewhat “abstract” in nature. Another phenomenon of HRV is that the viewer may
arrive at the correct target location, but at the wrong time period. This, however, may be
corrected via a movement exercise [see Movement below].

2. Viewer Limitations

It seems that for certain types of targeting, the viewer must possess a foundation education and/or
understanding concerning the target to be viewed in order to locate and/or acquire the target.
This suggests that it may be reasonable for viewers to specialize as much as possible in terms of
what type of targets they are employed to view. This may also be true in terms of viewer
descriptions of the target. The better the viewer understands the target that he or she is
investigating, the better the resulting data will be.

E. Stage V: Target Exploration and Reporting

1. General

a. Definitions

1. Abreaction: A process of where unconscious thoughts, feelings, and

emotions are brought to consciousness and physically experienced.

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 b. Discussion

Once the viewer has arrived at the target location, he or she, via the guidance and direction of the
monitor, starts to systematically explore the target and acquire whatever information or details
that are there available. In HRV the viewer is in very intimate contact with the target. The
viewer experiences the site almost to the same degree as if he/she were physically present, but
with some major differences. The viewer, in the bilocated state is considerably more free to
explore the site than if he/she were physically present. This means that a viewer can experience a
great deal more of what is occurring at the target location. Such experiences may be so dynamic
as to the cause a viewer abreaction. That is the viewer may physically react to the situation while
reclining in the viewer chair in the HRV room. The monitor, at the start of the session, should
strongly suggest to the viewer that he or she remain very emotionally detached from what is
being viewed. The viewer should be directed to simply observe unless further interaction is
judged appropriate by the monitor. The viewer may be directed to move and explore the
environment of the target site.

1. Movement

a. Definitions

There are two modes of viewer movement exercises in HRV. They are defined as follows:

1. Spatial Movement: The movement of the viewer through space.

2. Temporal Movement: The movement of the viewer through time.

b. Spatial Movement Exercises

Once at the designated location, the viewer will have the capability to move freely about the
target area. To obtain a greater awareness, or perspective, the monitor may direct the viewer to
move about the space of the target site. The viewer may be asked to observe the location from
above, below, or virtually an other angle of sight. The viewer may be directed to move through
solid objects in order it discern the contents therein. Such movement may be at the direction of
the monitor or at the discretion the viewer. Session dynamics will determine the preferred
modality.

c. Temporal Movement Exercises

Viewer movement is not restricted to the immediate target location. As already stated, sometimes
the viewer will arrive at the target at a nonspecified time (usually the “present”). The viewer may
then be directed to move forward or backward through time in order to better access the target
temporally.

There are many instances where temporal movement is necessary, even though, the viewer
originally arrived at the correct time and place. Sometimes when viewing specific objects, etc., it
may be necessary to shift to a different time in order to learn more concerning the origin of the
objects, etc. There are too many situations where temporal movement is desired, or necessary, to
be able to describe them all in this manual. A simple way to facilitate temporal movement is for
the monitor to simply suggest to the viewer that when he/she (the monitor) “counts from three to

29
one,” the viewer will then move to the desired time. Sometimes it is prudent for the viewer to
“intuitively” locate and move to the proper time as the he/she deems appropriate.

2. Special Procedures

There are several special procedures that may be performed by the viewer. Two are of particular
importance. They are the ability to access the mind and then communicate with others (people,
entities, beings, etc.), and the ability of the viewer to merge his/her consciousness with an
inanimate object thereby discerning its nature and/or purpose.

a. The “Mind Meld” Procedure

Research demonstrates the ease with which viewers are able to communicate with “others” while
viewing. “Others” as meant in this document includes people, beings, and entities. These others
may include people at the target location, as well as any other beings that may be present or
“passing by.” This communication is of the nature of telepathy or “mind to mind”
communication. It should be noted that this communication is not referent to space and time. In
other words, a viewer can communicate with someone, even though, the viewer is observing or
operating in another time period. This method of communication has come to be known as
“mind melding.” This capability, of course, raises several ethical issues. The primary question
that may be raised is, “When does communication become unwelcome intrusion?” The answer,
however, will not be found here in this manual. The individual viewers and monitors will have to
define their own boundaries--each drawing his or her own conclusions concerning ethical issues.

The mind meld procedure is easy to accomplish. When another person (or entity, or being) is
encountered, all the viewer has to do is merge his/her consciousness with that of the other person
and simply talk to them or ask them, “What is going on, what are you doing, etc.?” The viewer
will then receive the answer. When this is done with human persons they are not usually aware
of the viewer and they seem to answer on a subconscious level. When this procedure is used on
other types of beings--sometimes they are very aware of the communication. [This will be
discussed more is Special Situations.]

b. The “Mind Probe” Procedure

The discernment of inanimate objects is not too different from the mind meld procedure. This
method is called the “mind probe” procedure. The viewer simply merges his/her consciousness
with the object and asks “what is the nature of this object, etc.?” The viewer will immediately
know the answer. This procedure is very valuable when coming across devices, machinery or
apparatus of unknown origin. The viewer can trace the origins of such objects. Another example
of use would be determining whether or not a known device is working correctly. The reader
will, no doubt, think of many other useful applications for this procedure.

c. Drawing and Modeling Procedures

Sometimes during HRV sessions, it is useful for the viewer to draw, write, or sketch out details
that are relevant to the target. Pens, colored pencils, and paper should be available for this
purpose. The viewer is simply asked to draw or sketch the desired article, and/or write down or
duplicate any words or script viewed. The viewer’s drawing/writing will in no way effect his or
her state of consciousness, or session dynamics.

30
This same process may also be applied to modeling. By using clay or “play dough” the viewer
may make a three dimensional representation of a desired article or object. Of course, modeling
clay or “play dough” should be made available for this purpose. In CRV, modeling is part of the
decipherment process; in HRV, modeling it is for replication.

d. Acoustical Duplication Procedures

Sometimes the viewer will hear languages that are not of his or her native language. Even though
the viewer could do a mind meld procedure to discern what is being said, it is sometimes useful
for the viewer to duplicate the sound as best as possible to be recorded. Such recordings may
then be taken to a linguist for further analysis.

3. Breaks

Breaks are mechanisms that allow the viewer to temporarily disengage from the target and allow
the system to be “put on hold” allowing for the opportunity to deal with any inclemencies or
make any system adjustments. A break may be called for anytime that the viewer and/or monitor
judges it necessary. Breaks, as they are used in HRV, are similar to those used in CRV, however,
they tend to be used less often. It has already been stated that the viewer generally has very
intimate contact with the contact. Target intimacy can produce situations where it is necessary to
temporarily break or disengage from the target. There are several types of breaks that have
special relevance to HRV. They are:

a. Detachment Break: Whenever a viewer becomes to involved or nondetached

from the action or activity at the target site, a detachment break may be called. The break is
called and the viewer is given time and/or further post-hypnotic suggestions for detachment.
Once done the viewer may again engage the target and continue the session.

b. Emotional Impact Break: Anytime a viewer is “emotionally impacted” by the

viewing of a target that presents action/activity that is psychologically traumatic an emotional
impact break is called. An example might be the viewing of a crashing airliner or some other
situation that presents emotionally trying experiences. Depending upon the circumstances the
viewer may or may not continue with target engagement post break. Depending upon the session
dynamics an undeterminant amount of time may be necessary before reattempting target follow
up.

c. Abreaction Break: Anytime a viewer experiences any type of abreaction for

any reason at all a break may be called.

If at any point in time the viewer or monitor deem it necessary, a break may be called for. A
break may last for several minutes up to several days. If the break is extensive, say more than
fifteen to twenty minutes, the viewer should objectify “resume” on his/her log along with the time
(or date if appropriate) once the session resumes and the target is re-engaged.

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F. Stage VI: Target Disengagement and Dehypnotization

After the target has been satisfactorily explored, or once it has been determined to end the
session, the viewer must disengage from the target. This means that the viewer must leave the
target location and return his/her awareness to the present physical location of the HRV room.
This is accomplished hypnotically with the assistance of the monitor. It is very important for the
viewer to completely disengage and break contact with the target. This will eliminate any later
intrusive contact of the target with the viewer’s subconscious mind. It is possible, however, that
memories and details of the session may continue to ventilate through dreams for several days.
This ventilation process is a normal function of the mind.

Once target contact has been broken, the viewer is then re-integrated back into “physical
consciousness.” In other words, the viewer is “brought back to this room, to this time, etc.” This
may be facilitated by a previously given hypnotic-suggestion that is used as a trigger mechanism.
Upon re-integration, the viewer may be dehypnotized and brought out of the hypnotic state per
hypnotic methodology.

G. Stage VII: Debriefing

1. Definitions

a. Cognitive Interview (CI): A structured interview technique that assists in the

retrieval of more accurate memory.

2. Standard Debriefing

After the HRV session a debriefing period follows. The debriefing period should last roughly
three times the period of time spent in the actual HRV session. During the debriefing period the
viewer and monitor discuss the session. It is during the debriefing that, oftentimes, the “finer”
details are presented. As the viewer and monitor discuss the session, the viewer will often
remember more information than what was reported in session. It is useful for the monitor to use
a structured interviewing procedure during the debriefing such as the cognitive interview [See
Appendix D]. The cognitive interview technique can assist the viewer in the retrieval of more
accurate memory, information, and detail (Culver 1994). The cognitive interview has become
the standard interview method among many police and investigative agencies across North
America.

3. Traumatic Incident Debriefing (TID)

Traumatic Incident Debriefing (TID) is a structured debriefing designed to let individuals, who
have experienced recent traumatic stress, ventilate their feelings and emotions related to the
traumatic event. All individuals who get caught in a traumatic incident are likely to experience
stress, and for some the stress may become extreme at times. Traumatic stress is usually highest
shortly after a traumatic incident, and then tapers off with time. When a Traumatic Incident
Debriefing is initiated shortly after a traumatic event, or situation, the possibility for Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder or similar symptomology is greatly diminished. [See Appendix E.]

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H. Stage VIII: Final Report

1. Definitions

a. Tasking Agency: The individual(s) or group requesting a remote viewing

session.

2. Discussion

Once the session is over and the debriefing has been accomplished both the viewer and monitor
write up a complete session report. This report should include whatever log details, drawings,
etc. that are relevant to the session. This report is then submitted to an analyst. Assuming that
several viewers have been tasked on the same target, the analyst will then compare the current
report with the others and an analysis will be made. This end product will then be submitted to
the tasking agency who requested the initial research.

I. References

1. Bordon, A. R. B., 1996. “MMI Equivalence in 4-D and 6-D Orthogonal Space-times:
Toward a Theoretical Framework for an Experimental Approach to the Study of Psi Effects as
Manifestations in Webbed, Field-like Consciousness Essence-Node Units, Congregates, and
Aggregates in the 4-D Referent Orthogon,” Dallas: The American Association of Remote
Viewers, Inc.

2. Culver, C. Leigh, 1994. "The Cognitive Interview: A Non-hypnosis Memory Retrieval

Technique for the UFO Researcher," UFO ENCOUNTERS, Vol. 2, No. 1., Norcross: Aztec
Publishing.

3. Ostrander, S. and Schroeder, L., 1970. Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain,
Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

33
 SPECIAL SITUATIONS

A. Interaction with Persons, Beings, or Entities at the Target Site

It was stated earlier that a viewer can communicate and/or interact with persons, beings or entities
at the target location. This interaction sometimes creates the possibility for what might be termed
“special situations.” As a remote viewer it doesn’t take long to realize that there is much more to
“reality” than most people are aware, and that within this great reality, there are many types of
life forms. Some of these life forms are human and some are not. There are viewing
circumstances that sometimes place the viewer in situations where communication with non-
humans is likely.

One type of being that one may encounter is the so called “alien” or “extra-biological entity
(EBE).” Many remote viewers have described encountering these beings over the years,
especially, when viewers wished to view possible “alien abduction” cases. Viewers using
methods other than HRV have described being “blocked” by these beings to the extent that the
viewer was unable to view what was going on at the target location. This author’s personal
experience and research with HRV, have demonstrated that these beings seem unable to block the
HRV viewer. Several situations have arisen where HRV viewers have targeted EBE craft. While
on board these beings have attempted to “mentally” remove HRV viewers from their craft to no
avail. Each time the viewer was in complete control of the situation and was able to move about
the target location, to the displeasure to the EBEs. This author will point out, however, that these
situations have never been “pushed” to the point of true confrontation. The EBE’s “mental”
abilities seems largely technologically enhanced. Realistically, we do not know the total
capability of these beings in such situations so care should be taken when dealing with them.

Another type of being that a viewer may encounter is what might be described as “spiritual” or
“angelic” beings. These beings have never presented a threat to the viewer and often times just
seem to observe viewer activities with detached interest. At other times these beings seem very
interested in the viewer on a personal “spiritual” level.

Sometimes viewers may encounter recently disincarnate humans at target locations where
accident or tragedy have occurred. An example would be a viewer targeting a crashed airliner
where considerable sudden death has occurred. Sometimes these disincarnate persons are aware
of the viewer; sometimes they are not. Oftentimes these beings are in a temporarily confused-
like state for a short time after such an event. This author’s experience and research have
demonstrated no difficulties with contact such beings, though, the viewer may experience
emotionally the grief associated with viewing such an event.

Quite easily a manual could be written on “viewer contact with other beings.” It is not the
intention of this document to be such a manual. It is this author’s opinion that viewer contact
with “others” should be governed by caution.

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B. Time-Line Paradox

With the ability of temporal movement comes the question, “Is it possible, by moving through
time, to effect the outcome of a given situation?” Quantum mechanical theory suggests that the
answer may be “Yes.” Very simply stated the theory suggests that an observer can not separate
himself/herself from the events that are being observed (Wolf 1988). This theory also implies
that ones observations may even shape or determine what actually takes place (Wolf 1988).

This author’s research demonstrates that this may be possible--at least, on a personal level. The
author has gone to the “past” to view a particular situation in the author’s life. Viewing this
“past” situation provided the author with considerable insight that effected his “present” situation.
Several controlled experiments performed by the author have also demonstrated that a viewer
may be sent back to observe a past event and in doing so have his or her presence felt by
individuals who were at that target location. Also the individuals who felt the viewer’s presence
can carry that memory to the present time.

Obviously there is much to reflect upon with such possibilities, including moral and ethical issues
to be considered. In order to minimize viewer effect upon any give situation it might be prudent
to adopt a philosophy or ethic similar to that of “leave no trace” low impact backpacking or
hiking. The viewer should attempt to have no impact upon whatever is being viewed. It seems
highly possible for the viewer to influence the outcome of a given situation.

C. Remote Influencing

Using HRV methodology remote influencing can be accomplished. The concept of “remote
influencing” covers everything from psychokinesis to influencing the thoughts of another being.
Due to the fact that this methodology is one that may be easily misused, the author will not
provide any additional information on this topic.

D. References

1. Wolf, F. W., 1988. Parallel Universes: The Search for Other Worlds, New York:
Simon and Schuster.

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 POSSIBLE FACTORS EFFECTING HRV

A. Environmental Factors

Folklore abounds with stories and tales of how the moon and the stars effect human
consciousness. Indeed, the word “lunatic” has it origins in the observations of human behavior as
related to lunar cycles. Earth changes such as volcanoes and earthquakes seem to be predictable
by certain individuals and animals. We know that homing pigeons navigate long distances by
being sensitive to the Earth’s magnetic field. There is evidence that such factors may play an
important role in psi functioning. Early CRV research suggests that extremely low frequency
(ELF) electromagnetic radiation, changes in the Earth’s geomagnetic field, “sunspots” and solar
activity all have a major effect on remote viewing. Such environmental factors may degrade the
viewer’s system to the extent of non-functioning. There is some evidence that psi function is
enhanced by screening electrical fields with Faraday cages (Tart 1988). There is also evidence
that psi function is improved during periods when the geomagnetic field is relatively quiescent
(Spottiswoode 1993).

Research performed by Dr. Dean Radin of the Consciousness Division of the Harry Reid Center
for Environmental Studies of the University of Las Vegas seems to present similar data (Radin
1997). Radin’s work focused on mind-over-machine interaction (psychokinesis). Radin cross-
referenced a casino’s daily data for its table games (i.e. poker, blackjack, craps, slots, and keno)
for the period of 1991 to 1994. He also cross-referenced specific daily environmental factors for
that same time period. He predicted, apparently with success, that payouts would increase around
the full of the moon, and when the geomagnetic field was “quiet.”

Russian psi research suggests similar data. Recent experiments with two hundred and twenty
“extrasensors” in Russia suggest that certain months seem better for psi functioning (Harauzov
1997). Maximum psi sensitivity was said to have peaked during the months of March, May, and
October (Harauzov 1997). It was thought that this may be due to fluctuations in the Earth’s
geomagnetic field or possible solar activity (Harauzov 1997).

B. Local Sidereal Time

Recent research by Spottiswoode (1997), of the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, suggest that psi
function is enhanced by more than a factor of four in a rather narrow window that rises and falls
near 13:30 hours Local Sidereal Time (LST).

Sidereal Time is literally "star time." It is the basic time interval of the Earth's rotation with
respect to the stars. This interval is very close to 24 hours, but not quite--a sidereal day is only
about 23 hours and 56 minutes long. Local Sidereal Time (LST) is a way of measuring "star time"
locally.

Spottiswoode (1997) initially gathered data on 1468 published trials concerning anomalous
cognition. To his surprise, he found that whatever the effect being measured was, it more than
tripled when the Local Sidereal Time (LST) was near 13:30 hours.

Spottiswoode (1997) again collected another 1015 trials from different experiments as a
validation set. The peak of his validation set occurred at the same time. Putting the two together,

36
the data seem to tell us that anomalous cognition is more than four times as effective in a rather
narrow window that rises and falls near 13:30 hours LST.

C. Artificial Factors

Active methods of influencing the brain in order to increase psi performance have been studied in
both the United States and in Russia. Early American remote viewers have described using
acoustical binaural beat rhythms coupled with bilateral photo-optic stimulation (McMoneagle
1997, Schnabal 1997). Part of this research was carried out at the Monroe Institute. Several
remote viewers have stated that the use of such devices shortened the time period normally
required to get into the proper state of consciousness prior to remote viewing (McMoneagle 1997,
Schnabal 1997, Brown 1996). Though much has been alluded to by these and other individuals,
this author has found no scientific data concerning such research published in the United States.

Similar research has been carried out in Russia. The Russian parapsychologist, Dr. Andrei Lee
(1997) submits that the use of penetrating physical fields (i.e. magnetic, electromagnetic, and
acoustic) on the brain can increase psi ability. In this research acoustic and electromagnetic fields
saw the best results. The effectiveness on extrasensory perception grew from 50 +/-6% to 79 +/-
9% (Lee 1997). If the brain is forced through the “peripheral sensory system” (visual and
acoustic analyzers, and skin receptors) then extrasensory perception grows from 50 +/-6% to 85
+/- 10% (Lee 1997).

Michael Houghton (1985) presents in his book, Mega Brain, several devices that may assist
persons in achieving altered states of consciousness. Such devices may have a role in HRV.
The area of artificial psi enhancement appears promising and warrants additional research.

D. Gender Factors

Research at the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) lab suggests that gender may
be a factor in psi functioning. Doctors Robert Jahn and Brenda Dunne (1987) of PEAR
performed research on human consciousness/machine interaction (psychokinesis). When tracking
gender statistics significant differences were noted (Jahn and Dunne 1987). It was discovered
that “men achieved results closer to their intentions, but the effects were smaller than those
achieved by women” (Jahn and Dunne 1987).

The same research also examined the results of pairing individuals together to determine what
their combined efforts would produce. The results demonstrated that when couples of the same
sex were paired together there were no measurable results; however, when couples of the
opposite sex were paired, “statistically larger results” were achieved (Jahn and Dunne 1987).
Also, when couples of the opposite sex were paired who were personally involved, the results
were yet larger (Jahn and Dunne 1987).

Although the above research dealt largely with psychokinesis, it is possible that gender factors
may play a similar role in remote viewing. It would be interesting to compare the results of
remote viewing experiments between same sex monitor/viewer teams versus opposite sex
monitor/viewer teams.

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E. References

1. Brown, C., 1996. Cosmic Voyage, New York: Dutton/Penguin Books.

2. Harauzov, K. N., 1997. “The Experimental Discovery of Background Problems in

Extrasensory Prediction,” Parapsychology and Psychophysics, Vol. 7, Moscow: The Leonid
Vasilyev Fund of Parapsychology.

3. Houghton, M., 1986. Mega Brain, New York: Ballantine Books.

4. Jahn, R. and Dunne, B., 1987. Margins of Reality, San Diego: Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich.

5. Lee, A. G., 1997. “Comparison of Different Ways of the Control Upon the Human
Brain With the Aim to Reveal ESP Abilities,” Parapsychology and Psychophysics, Vol. 7,
Moscow: The Leonid Vasilyev Fund of Parapsychology.

6. McMoneagle, J., 1997. Mind Trek, Revised Edition, Charlottesville: Hampton Roads
Publishing Company, Inc.

7. Radin, D., 1997. The Conscious Universe, The Scientific truth of Psychic Phenomena,
San Francisco: Harper Edge.

8. Schnabal, J., 1997. Remote Viewers, New York: Dell Publishing.

9. Spottiswoode, S. J. P., 1993. “Effect of Ambient Magnetic Field Fluctuations on

Performance in a Free Response Anomalous Cognition Task: A Pilot Study,” Proceedings of the
36th Annual Convention of the Parapsychological Association.

10. Spottiswoode, S. J. P., 1997. “Apparent Association Between Effect Size in Free
Response Anomalous Cognition Experiments and Local Sidereal Time,” Palo Alto: Cognitive
Sciences Laboratory.

11. Tart, C. T., 1988. “Effects of electrical shielding on GESP performance,” Journal of
the American Society for Psychical Research, Vol. 82, New York: American Society for
Psychical Research.

38
 GLOSSARY

Abreaction: A process of where unconscious thoughts, feelings, or emotions are brought to

consciousness and physically experienced.

Abreaction Break: Anytime a viewer experiences any type of abreaction for any reason at all a
break may be called.

Age Regression: A hypnotic technique whereby an individual is directed to remember or revivify

experiences of the past. This is a common technique in forensic hypnosis.

Analytic Overlay (AOL): Subjective interpretation of signal line data, which may or may not be
relevant to the site; the analytic response of the viewer’s mind to signal line input.

Anchoring: Any stimulus that triggers a set of internal responses and/or actions. Virtually
synonomous with post-hypnotic suggestion.

Atavistic: Reverting to or suggesting the characteristics of a remote ancestor or primitive type.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): The part of the nervous system that is concerned with
control of the involuntary bodily functions. It regulates the functions of glands, adrenal medulla,
smooth muscle tissue, and the heart. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems.

Blind-Targeting: When the target is unknown to the viewer. Usually randomly generated
numbers or letters are assigned the target. The viewer only has these numbers/letters to reference
the target with.

Bilocation: A state of consciousness in which the viewer is aware of being at the viewer’s
physical location, and the remote viewing target location at the same time.

Catalepsy: A medium depth of hypnosis, between hypnoidal and somnambulism.

Cognitive Interview (CI): A structured interview technique that assists in the retrieval of more
accurate memory.

Collective Unconscious: A transpersonal inherited portion of the unconscious as postulated by

Dr. Carl Jung. Consists of ancestral memories and archetypes.

Conscious: Perceiving apprehending, or noticing with a degree of controlled thought or

observation; recognizing as existent, factual, or true. Recognizing as factual or existent
something external. Present especially to the senses. Involving rational power, perception, and
awareness. By definition, the “conscious” part of the human being is that portion of the human
consciousness which is linked most closely to and limited by the material world.

39
Coordinate Remote Viewing: One of several methods of remote perception. Coordinate remote
viewing utilizes a particular method of target cueing, structure and protocols to acquire and
define a target.

Critical Mind Area: The area of the mind that is part conscious and part subconscious that
critically filters and/or rejects information that it deems unknown or detrimental.

Data Signal: The theoretical signal that carries information about the target site that is perceived
through the central nervous system of the viewer.

Detachment Break: Whenever a viewer becomes to involved or nondetached from the action or
activity at the target site, a detachment break may be called.

Dissociation: The loss of feeling in different areas of the body while in the hypnotic state; being
more aware of mind than of body.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): An hysterical neurosis in which the personality becomes
dissociated into two or more distinct but complex and socially and behaviorally integrated parts
each of which becomes dominant and controls behavior from time to time to the exclusion of the
others. This condition was previously labeled Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD).

Emotional Impact Break: Anytime a viewer is emotional impacted by the viewing of a target that
presents action/activity that is psychologically traumatic an emotional impact break is called.

Emotional Suggestibility: A suggestible behavior characterized by a high degree of

responsiveness to inferred suggestion affecting the emotions and a restriction of physical body
responses; usually associated with hypnoidal depth. Emotional suggestibility is a left brain
dominant behavior.

Fight or Flight: The primitive survival instinct that triggers a response to either to protect oneself
or escape a perceived danger or threat. The fight or flight response is governed by the
sympathetic nervous system.

Front-Loaded: When the target is known to the viewer or when the viewer has any prior
knowledge of the target. The opposite targeting method is “blind” targeting where the viewer has
no prior information what-so-ever concerning the target.

Hypnoidal: A light stage of hypnosis, usually associated with emotional suggestibility; also used
to refer to the state of consciousness which is passed through in the transitional from sleep to
waking, and vice versa.

Hypnosis: Hypnosis is an overload of message units disorganizing the inhibitory processes,

triggering the fight or flight mechanism, and ultimately resulting in a hypersuggestible state,
providing access to the subconscious mind.

Hypnotic Remote Viewing (HRV): A method of remote viewing that utilizes hypnosis as part of
its technique. The objective is otherwise the same.

Ideomotor Response: A subconscious reaction directly from the central nervous system. It
occurs when the thought of a movement produces slight tension in the muscles which would be

40
used to carry out that movement, thus actually producing the imagined movement without
conscious or voluntary effort.

Inclemencies: Personal considerations, such as illness, physical discomfort, or emotional stress,

that might degrade or even preclude psychic functioning.

Matrix: Something which gives origin or form to a thing, or which serves to enclose it.

Message Units: All of the input received by the brain from the environment, the physical body,
the conscious and subconscious minds. Message units have an impact upon the critical mind.

Monitor: The individual who assists the viewer in a remote viewing session. The monitor
provides the target cues, observes the viewer to help insure he/she stays in proper structure,
records relevant session information, provides appropriate feedback when required, and provides
objective analytic support to the viewer as necessary. In the case of Hypnotic Remote Viewing
the monitor is a qualified hypnotist.

Movement Exercise: A procedure used during a remote viewing session, whereby the viewer is
directed to various locations relative to the target site. These movements may include, but are not
limited to, moving within, without, above or around the target site.

Natural Somnambulist: A suggestible behavior characterized by an equal degree of

responsiveness to both emotional and physical suggestions. [See Somnambulism below.]

Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP): A communication model that refers to the common

process human beings use for encoding, transferring, and modifying behavior.

Noise: The effect of the various types of overlay, inclemencies, etc. that serves to obscure or
confuse the viewer’s reception and accurate decoding of the signal line.

Objectification: The act of physically saying out loud and writing down information. In
coordinate remote viewing methodology, objectification serves several important functions:
recording of information derived from the signal line; re-input of information into the system as
necessary for further prompting; and expelling of non-signal line derived material that might
otherwise clutter the system and mask valid signal line data.

Objectify: To present as an object, especially of sight, touch, or other physical sense; to make
objective; to externalize.

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): The cranial sacral division of the autonomic nervous
system. The parasympathetic nervous system is the dominant system governing moment to
moment functioning and activity. It manages such functions as digestion and reproduction, and
also regulates the autonomic nervous system back to homeostasis after a sympathetic response is
over.

Physical Suggestibility: A suggestible behavior characterized by a high degree of responsiveness

to suggestions affecting the body, and a restriction of emotional responses; usually associated
with cataleptic stages or deeper. Physical suggestibility is a right brain dominant behavior.

41
Post-hypnotic Suggestion: A suggestion given to be carried out after the subject has awakened
from the hypnotic state. Virtually synonomous with anchoring.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): An anxiety disorder characterized by the onset of stress
symptoms following a psychologically traumatic event that is generally outside the range of
normal human experience and which would evoke significant symptoms of distress in most
people.

Pre-birth Regression: A hypnotic regression technique where it is theoretically possible to have a

subject remember possible experiences prior to his/her present lifetime. These memories may
include “past life” memories.

Primitive Mind Area: The area of the mind where the fight or flight (sympathetic) response is
triggered via the autonomic nervous system.

Psi: Psychic functioning. Remote perception, psychokinesis, and telepathy are forms of psi.

Psychokinesis (PK): A form of psi functioning dealing with the interaction of consciousness with
matter, “mind-over-matter.” Also called telekinesis.

Remote Perception: The ability to perceive people, places, or things that are otherwise blocked
by ordinary perception. Remote viewing, extended awareness, and clairvoyance are all terms
describing remote perception.

Remote Viewing (RV): Remote Perception. The name of a method of psychoenergetic

perception. term coined by SRI-International and defined as “the acquisition and description, by
mental means, of information blocked from ordinary perception by distance, shielding, or time.”
There are several remote viewing modalities.

Remote Viewer: Often referred to in the text simply as “viewer,” the remote viewer is a person
who employs his/her mental faculties to perceive and obtain information to which he/she has no
other access and of which he/she has no previous knowledge concerning persons, places, events,
or objects separated from him by time, distance, or other intervening obstacles.

Somnambulism: The deepest stage of hypnosis, where the subject responds with amnesia,
anesthesia, negative and positive hallucinations, and complete control of the senses. This type of
subject usually has 50 percent emotional and 50 percent physical suggestibility.

Spatial Movement Exercises: Movement of the viewer through space.

Subconscious: Existing in the mind but not immediately available to consciousness; affecting
thought, feeling, and behavior without entering awareness. The mental activities just below the
threshold of consciousness.

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): A large part of the autonomic nervous system. It consists
of ganglia, nerves and plexuses that supply the involuntary muscles. Most of the nerves are
motor, but some sensory. The sympathetic nervous system manages the fight or flight
mechanism when necessary.

Tasking Agency: The individual(s) or group requesting the HRV session.

42
Target: The specific object of attention in a remote viewing session. Targets may be people,
locations, objects, events and/or ideas.

Telepathy: A form of psi function dealing with “mind to mind” communication.

Temporal Movement Exercises: Movement of the viewer through time.

The System: The term as used in this document refers to all of the integrative elements of the
viewer. This includes all of the biological, mental, physical and metaphysical elements of the
viewer that assist or enable the viewer to accomplish and function as a remote reviewer.

Traumatic Incident Debriefing (TID): A debriefing method aimed at assisting individuals who
have experienced recent traumatic stress in the process of psychological ventilation. Also called
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD).

43
 APPENDIX A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING

AND SCORING
KAPPAS SUGGESTIBILITY QUESTIONNAIRES

A. Instructions

1. Answer all of the questions in terms of “most of the time.”

2. Count the number of yes answers on questionnaire #1. Give yourself five points
for each YES answer to questions 3-18 and ten points for each YES answer to
questions 1 and 2.

3. Do the same for Questionnaire #2.

4. Add the scores together to obtain the combined score.

5. Locate your combined score on the top horizontal line of the graph.

6. Locate the number that corresponds to your score for Questionnaire #1 on the
far left vertical column of the graph.

7. Draw a horizontal line across the page from the #1 score; then draw a vertical line
down from the combined score.

8. The number in the box where the two lines intersect is the adjusted percentile score
for Questionnaire #1. It indicates your percentage of physical suggestibility.

9. Subtract that score from 100 to determine your percentage of emotional suggestibility.

B. References

1. Kappas, J. G., 1987. Professional Hypnotism Manual, Revised Edition, Van Nuys:
Panorama Publishing Company.

44
NAME: __________________________________________ SCORE: _____________________________

SUGGESTIBILITY QUESTIONNAIRE #1 CIRCLE ONE

1. Have you ever walked in your sleep during your adult life? YES NO

2. As a teenager, did you feel comfortable expressing your feelings to one

or both of your parents? YES NO

3. Do you have a tendency to look directly into a person's eyes and/or

move closely to them when discussing an interesting subject? YES NO

4. Do you feel that most people you first meet are uncritical of your appearance? YES NO

5. In a group situation with people you have first met, would you feel
comfortable drawing attention to yourself by initiating a conversation? YES NO

6. Do you feel comfortable holding hands or hugging someone you are in a

relationship with in front of other people? YES NO

7. When someone talks about feeling warm physically, do you begin to feel
warm also? YES NO

8. Do you occasionally have a tendency to tune out when someone is talking to you
because you are anxious to come up with your side of it, and at times not even
hear what the other person said? YES NO

9. Do you feel that you learn and comprehend better by seeing and/or
reading than by hearing? YES NO

10. In a new class lecture situation do you usually feel comfortable asking
questions in front of the group? YES NO

11. When expressing your ideas, do you find it important to relate all the details
leading up to the subject so the other person can understand it completely? YES NO

12. Do you enjoy relating to children? YES NO

13. Do you find it easy to be at ease and comfortable with your body move-
ments, even when faced with unfamiliar people and circumstances? YES NO

14. Do you prefer reading fiction rather than non-fiction? YES NO

15. If you were to imagine sucking on a sour, bitter, juicy, yellow lemon,
would your mouth water? YES NO

16. If you feel that you deserve to be complimented for something well done, do you
feel comfortable if the compliment is given to you in front of other people? YES NO

17. Do you feel that you are a good conversationalist? YES NO

18. Do you feel comfortable when complimentary attention is drawn to

your physical body or appearance? YES NO

45
 SUGGESTIBILITY QUESTIONNAIRE #2 CIRCLE ONE

1. Have you ever awakened in the middle of the night and felt that you could
not move your body and/or talk? YES NO

2. As a child did you feel that you were more affected by the tone of voice of your
parents than by what they actually said? YES NO

3. If someone you are associated with talks about a fear that you also have experienced,
do you have a tendency to have an apprehensive or fearful feeling also? YES NO

4. If you are involved in an argument with someone, after the argument is over,
do you have a tendency to dwell on what you could have or should have said? YES NO

5. Do you have a tendency to occasionally tune out or void out when someone
is talking to you and not even hear what was said because your mind drifts to
something totally unrelated? YES NO

6. Do you sometimes desire to be complimented for a job well done, but feel
embarrassed or uncomfortable when complimented? YES NO

7. Do you often have a fear or dread of not being able to carry on a conversation
with someone you just met? YES NO

8. Do you feel self-conscious when attention is drawn to your physical body or

appearance? YES NO

9. If you have your choice, would you rather avoid being around children most of
the time? YES NO

10. Do you feel that you are not relaxed or loose in body movements especially
when faced with unfamiliar people or circumstances? YES NO

11. Do you prefer reading non-fiction rather than fiction? YES NO

12. If someone describes a very bitter taste, do you have difficulty experiencing
the physical feeling of it? YES NO

13. Do you generally feel that you see yourself less favorably than others see you? YES NO

14. Do you tend to feel awkward or self-conscious initiating touch (holding hands,
kissing, etc.) with someone you are in a relationship with in front of other people? YES NO

15. In a new class lecture situation, do you usually feel uncomfortable asking questions
in front of the group even though you may desire further explanation? YES NO

16. Do you feel uneasy if someone you have just met looks you directly in the eyes
when talking to you, especially if the conversation is about you? YES NO

17. In a group situation with people you have just met, would you feel uncomfortable
drawing attention to yourself by initiating a conversation? YES NO

18. If you are in a relationship or are very close to someone, do you find it difficult
or embarrassing to verbalize your love for them? YES NO

46
47
 APPENDIX B.

INTRODUCTION TO THE HYPNOTIC-INDUCTION PROFILE

© 1978 Herbert and David Spiegel

The Hypnotic Induction Profile was developed to provide a useful measure in the clinical
setting. It evolved out of a need for a rapid induction and testing procedure which could be
easily integrated into the clinical diagnostic interview, so that trance capacity might then be
quickly employed in treatment.

The HIP postulates that hypnosis is a subtle perceptual alteration involving a capacity for
attentive, responsive concentration which is inherent in the person and which can be tapped
by the examiner. A rapid procedure, the HIP takes five to ten minutes to administer. It is both
a procedure for trance induction and a disciplined measure of hypnotic capacity standardized
on a patient population in a clinical setting.

The HIP assesses a single trance experience as it flows through the phases of entering,
experiencing, and exiting. The test also establishes a structure for this sequence. The specific
point in time at which the shift from customary awareness into trance takes place varies from
person to person. However, the trance experience is punctuated, tapped, and divided into
phases by the ten individual items lettered A through L on the HIP score sheet (Figure 3-1).
Six of these items (D, G, H, I, J, L) are used for rating the subject's trance capacity and for
scoring the HIP according to the induction or profile-scoring method. Item D is the sum of
items B and C. The remaining four items (A, E, F, K) round out the clinical picture and
establish the procedures for entering and exiting trance and for subsequent self-reporting.
Scoring these four items is optional, since they are not part of the HIP summary scores.

This technique induces the subject to enter the hypnotic trance quickly under observed,
specified conditions, and then to shift out of trance on signal. At the same time, the HIP
teaches the subject to use his own cueing system for entering and exiting trance. Thus, as the
examiner observes and measures trance capacity, the subject can learn to identify the trance
experience in order to initiate and use it independently (self-hypnosis) in the service of
relevant goals.

The trance experience can be divided into four phases for measurement (see Table 3-1). The
first is a pretrance or preinduction phase which lasts until eye closure. The second is the
induction or entering phase in which instructions are given for the individual to shift into
formal hypnosis. The shift may take place in response to the examiner's directions and, as part
of this induction ceremony, instructions are given for induction responsivity. The induction
ceremony and- formal trance are terminated with the opening of the eyes, but hypnotic trance
persists and the third phase begins. Phase three is a postinduction or postceremonial phase in
which the person may actually experience five responses to the instructions given as part of
the ceremony: dissociation, signaled arm levitation, control differential, cut-off, and float. It is
important to note that what are often called posthypnotic phenomena actually represent the
experience of hypnosis. "Posthypnotic" is a traditional label which can be confusing. A more
appropriate label may be "postceremonial" or "postinduction."

Item J (cut-off) of phase three is the exiting procedure. Although the subject is out of formal
trance and his eyes are already open, this period of postceremonial trance response must be
terminated by the examiner touching the subject's elbow. A fourth postexperiential, nontrance
phase is comprised of self-reports by the subject.

48
Measurements of up-gaze (Item A), the eye-roll sign (Items B, C, and D), and instructed arm
levitation (Item E) supply an evaluation of inherent potential or capacity for success in
initiating and sustaining the trance experience. They also comprise the induction procedure.
Actual success in maintaining the trance experience, once it has been effected through
specific

Figure 3-1

instructions, is tapped by dissociation (Item G), signaled arm levitation (Item H), control
differential (Item I), cut-off (Item J), and float (Item L). These five measurements, taken
together, rate the degree to which the subject can attentively focus: they comprise the
induction score (see Table 3-2 ).

The profile score is a statement of the relationship between a person's potential for trance and
his ability to experience and maintain it.

49
 Table 3-1

The Items of the HIP Induction Scale

Dissociation - "Spontaneous," uninstructed. Score positive (1 or 2) if subject reports that the arm used
in the preparatory levitation task feels "less a part" of the body than the other arm, or if that hand feels
"less connected to the wrist" than the other hand.

Signaled Arm Levitation (Lev) - Score positive if, on the instructed signal, the arm rises to upright
position. Positive scores vary from 1-4, depending on the number of verbal reinforcements necessary.

Control Differential (CD) - "Spontaneous," uninstructed. Score positive (1 or 2) if subject feels less
control over the arm used in the Lev item. The examiner's questions do not indicate which arm is
expected to be less controllable.

Cut-Off - Score positive (I or 2) if, on instructed signal, subject reports normal sensation and control
returning to arm used in Lev item.

Float - Score positive (I or 2) if subject reports having felt the instructed floating sensation during the
administration of the Lev item.
Table 3-2

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

The HIP is best described as an objectively scorable, interpersonal hypnotic interaction which
also serves as an induction technique. In order to obtain results comparable to the
standardization data, momentum or rhythm must be established and maintained during the
interaction; there should be no long silences or pauses during test administration, nor should

50
the pace be so rapid that the subject does not have a chance to attend to his experience. If
administered correctly, the test requires five to ten minutes.

The HIP requires of the operator a degree of expertise and familiarity with the test which is
not required by other tests of hypnotizability. The examiner himself is the instrument, and if
he is not finely tuned the HIP will not be valid. Persons new to the HIP should not expect to
be able to master the technique immediately. They should be aware that several, perhaps
many, practice administrations are a requisite to valid clinical or experimental application.

These qualities of the HIP have been preserved because the test is primarily a clinical
instrument and was developed in the course of clinical practice. In the clinical setting,
especially during the initial encounter in which the HIP is usually used, rapport must be
encouraged and nurtured. Although the HIP items and even the wording of the test (insofar as
this is possible) should be the same in each case, the particular responses of the subject must
be acknowledged and woven into the fabric of the interchange.

In the following two sections the administration and scoring of the HIP are presented. Read
the instructions given by the examiner for a single HIP item, and then the accompanying
directions. To learn what it is the hypnotist observes and scores at this point, look up the item
in the following section on scoring. When the connections are clear between the
administration of the test and the behaviors and experiences to be observed, read the
administration section from beginning to end without interruption. With the concurrent
scoring by the examiner in mind, this uninterrupted reading should begin to communicate a
sense of the rhythm of administration.

The physical setting can enhance the psychological one. Shifting into a state of peak
responsiveness is in a sense "shifting gears" and the physical arrangement may reflect this.
For example, during an initial clinical interview, the clinician may be seated in his customary
place across the desk from the patient (or subject), or in an armchair across the room. But at
the time of induction the clinician shifts his position, moving to another seat slightly forward
and to the left of the patient. During the induction procedure he should be close enough to
establish comfortable physical contact with the patient. After completing the procedure, the
examiner may return to his customary seat if he wishes.

Throughout these instructions it is presumed that the subject's left hand will levitate. If the
examiner sits to the right of the subject, right should be substituted for left in the examiner's
instructions to the subject. In general, the subject should be seated comfortably, with a place
to rest his arms and legs. Some testers find that the use of a footstool enhances the initial
floating sensation which many subjects experience during hypnosis. If an armchair is not
available, have the subject sit next to a table, placing his arms on the table, legs relaxed, and
feet fiat on the floor. Or ask the subject to imagine that his elbow is resting on an imaginary
air cushion.

Until the examiner is comfortable with the procedure, he may find it helpful to keep the book
open to the How to Administer section and next to the scoring form. Since this is an
interpersonal interaction, eye-to-eye contact helps sustain the subject's attention even though
the examiner may be referring to the instruction manual.

[Authors Note: For further information on use and scoring of the HIP the reader should refer
to Trance and Treatment.]

51
 REFERENCES

1. Spiegel H., Spiegel D., 1978. Trance and Treatment, Washington D.C.: American
Psychiatric Press, Inc.

52
 APPENDIX C.

Name:_________________________________ Date:____________________

Ψ
PSI/Paranormal Experience Questionnaire

Circle One
01. Do you feel that you have PSI/psychic abilities? Yes No

02. Have you ever had any kind of supernatural experience? Yes No

03. Have you ever had any extrasensory perception experience such as:

A. Mental telepathy? Yes No

B. Seeing the future while awake? Yes No

C. Moving objects with your mind? Yes No

D. Seeing the future in dreams? Yes No

E. Deja vu (the feeling that what is happening to you has happened before)? Yes No

F. Out of body experience? Yes No

G. Near death experience? Yes No

04. Have you ever felt you were possessed by a:

A. Demon? Yes No

B. Dead person? Yes No

C. Living person? Yes No

D. Some other power or force? Yes No

05. Have you ever had contact with:

A. Ghosts? Yes No

B. Poltergeists (Causes noises or objects to move around)? Yes No

C. Spirits of any kind? Yes No

D. Extraterrestrials/Aliens? Yes No

06. Have you ever felt you know something about past lives or incarnations of yours? Yes No

53
07. Have you ever studied occult, metaphysical, mystical, or parapsychological subjects? Yes No

08. Were you raised in a house hold with strict/rigid religious beliefs? Yes No

09. Do you now have strong religious/spiritual beliefs? Yes No

10. Have you ever had treatment for an emotional problem or mental disorder? Yes No

11. Have you ever had a period of depressed mood lasting at least two weeks in which you
lost interest or pleasure in all or almost all usual activities and past times and felt depressed,
blue hopeless, low, down in the dumps or irritable? Yes No

12. Have you ever experienced the following:

A. Voices arguing in your head? Yes No

B. Voices commenting on your actions? Yes No

C. Having your feelings made or controlled by someone or something outside of you? Yes No

D. Having your thoughts made or controlled by someone or something outside of you? Yes No

E. Having your actions made or controlled by someone or something outside of you? Yes No

F. Thinking thoughts which seemed to be someone else’s? Yes No

G. Hearing your thoughts out loud? Yes No

H. Influences from outside you playing on or affecting your body such as some external
force or power? Yes No

13. If you answered yes to any of number 12---did the experience occur under the influence of
alcohol or drugs? Yes No

14. If you answered yes to any of number 12---did the experience occur during any depressive
episode? Yes No

15. Have you ever walked in your sleep? Yes No

16. Have you ever had a trance-like episode where you stare off into space, lose awareness
of what is going on around you and loose track of time? Yes No

17. Did you have any imaginary playmates as a child? Yes No

18. If you answered yes to number 17---how old were you when they stopped? __________

19. Have you ever noticed that things are missing from your personal possessions or where
you live? Yes No

20. Have you ever noticed that there are things present where you live, and you don’t know
where they come from or how they got there? Yes No

21. Have you ever noticed that your handwriting changes drastically or that there are things
around in handwriting you don’t recognize? Yes No

22. Do you ever have blank spells or periods of missing time that you can’t remember? Yes No

54
23. Have you ever found yourself coming into an unfamiliar place, wide awake, not sure how
you got there, and not sure what was happening for the past while? Yes No

24. Do you ever have memories come back to you all of a sudden, in a flood or like flashbacks? Yes No

25. Do you ever have long periods when you feel unreal, as if in a dream, or as if you’re not
really there? Yes No

26. Have you ever heard voices talking to you sometimes or talking inside your head? Yes No

27. Do you ever speak about yourself as “we” or “us”? Yes No

28. Do you ever feel that there is another person or persons inside you? Yes No

29. If you answered yes to number 28---does the person or persons have a name? Yes No

30. If you answered yes to number 28---does this person or persons ever come out and control
your body? Yes No

31. Have you ever experienced feeling uncertain about your identity, which may include
problems with self-image, self-awareness, sexual identity or career choice? e.g. Because
you feel uncertain about who you are, you may try to imitate different people in an attempt
to discover which identity fits best for you. Yes No

32. Have you ever experienced chronic feeling of emptiness or boredom? Yes No

33. Do you feel uncomfortable being alone? e.g. Frantic efforts to avoid being alone, depressed
when alone? Yes No

34. Have you ever felt like there are two or more very different personalities within yourself,
each of which is dominant at a particular time? Yes No

35. Have you ever experienced sudden inability to recall important personal information
or events that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness? Yes No

36. Have you ever been hypnotized? e.g. As by a therapists or stage hypnotist. Yes No

37. If you answered yes to number 36--did you experience amnesia after the hypnosis session? Yes No

38. If you answered yes to number 36---did the hypnotist tell you that “you were a deep
hypnotic subject?” Yes No

39. If you answered yes to number 36---did you enjoy the hypnotic state? Yes No

40. If you answered yes to number 39---did you find yourself trying to put yourself back into the
hypnotic state at a later time to duplicate the feeling that you experienced during hypnosis? Yes No

41. Would you be willing to work very hard at developing PSI/psychic abilities? Yes No

42. If you answered yes to number 41---are you willing to train and discipline your mind? Yes No

43. Do you feel like you have a purpose or a mission to accomplish during your lifetime? Yes No

44. If you answered yes to number 43---do you have any fears that you feel can hold
you back from accomplishing this purpose? Yes No

55
45. Please write down your favorite COLOR in the space below.

46. Please write down four words/adjectives describing why this color is your favorite color.

1.

2.

3.

4.

47. Please write down you favorite ANIMAL in the space below.

48. Please write down four words/adjectives describing why this animal is your favorite animal.

1.

2.

3.

4.

49. Please write down you favorite BODY OF WATER in the space below. It might simply be a lake, river,
ocean or it may a particular lake, river, ocean, etc.

50. Please write down four words/adjectives describing why this body of water is your favorite.

1.

2.

3.

4.

51. Now imagine that you are in a completely WHITE ROOM with no doors or windows. Everything inside is
completely white. White walls, white ceiling, white floor. Now write down four feelings that you would
have if you were in such a room. How would you feel or what does being there remind you of?

1.

2.

3.

4.

56
 APPENDIX D.

(Reprinted from UFO Encounters, Vol. 2 , No. 1, Norcross: Aztec Publishing, 1994.)

THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW:

A Non-hypnosis Memory Retrieval Technique For The UFO Researcher

by C. Leigh Culver, Cl.H.

If you are a UFO researcher you may have been asked to investigate a possible UFO sighting.
Perhaps you drove out to the site and interviewed several witnesses that saw a UFO land on their
property. Did you get all of the information available from the witnesses report? Did you know
that there is an interview technique that enhances memory recall and that significantly increases
the amount of accurate information available from a witness? Well, there is such a technique, and
it's called the cognitive interview. The cognitive interview was developed by researchers who
wanted a non-hypnotic memory retrieval technique that would enhance the completeness and
accuracy of eyewitness reports. The method is easy to learn and upon completion of reading this
article you will be able to conduct a cognitive interview.

Since the 1950's hypnosis has been used by law enforcement investigators in this country for the
retrieval and enhancement of eyewitness memory. Information is the most important element in a
criminal investigation. The ability of investigators to obtain accurate and useful information from
witnesses and/or victims of crimes is crucial to making and prosecuting criminal cases. Often an
eyewitness will tend to focus on the victim, or on a weapon and important details will become
lost and not remembered. Standard interviewing techniques have not always been found to be
effective in obtaining reliable testimony. Because of this the techniques of investigative or
forensic hypnosis are often employed.

Hypnosis has been found to be a very useful tool for memory retrieval both in studies and in the
courtroom. Forensic hypnosis, however, occasionally has legal problems due to the concept of
tampering with the evidence, i.e. the witnesses or victim's mind. Because of this other memory
retrieval techniques have been explored, and out of this research the cognitive interview
technique was developed. This technique is a valuable tool for law enforcement investigators and
it can be an equally valuable tool for the UFO researcher. Unlike hypnosis, the technique can be
easily learned and it doesn't require a great deal of training.

The cognitive interview technique was developed in 1984 by Martin Reiser, Ed.D., Director of
Behavioral Science Services for the Los Angeles Police Department along with other researchers
from the UCLA Department of Psychology. In 1985, the National Institute of Justice published
in the December issue of Research In Brief the results of the UCLA study.

The results showed that the cognitive interview and hypnosis elicited significantly more correct
information than the standard interview. The study, also demonstrated that there was no
significant increase in incorrect information. Tables 1 and 2 will help illustrate the results of the
UCLA study.

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TABLE 1. FACTS RECALLED IN THREE TYPES OF INTERVIEWS

TYPE OF INTERVIEW COGNITIVE HYPNOSIS STANDARD

Number Correct 41.15 38.00 29.40

Number Incorrect 7.30 5.90 6.10

TABLE 2. RECALL OF THE 20 MOST CRITICAL FACTS

TYPE OF INTERVIEW COGNITIVE HYPNOSIS STANDARD

Number Correct 12.0 12.3 9.2

Number Incorrect 1.1 1.7 1.4

As you can see the results were very positive. In all, there were 5 different experiments
conducted, and it was found that the cognitive interview and hypnosis had very similar results;
however, standard interviewing techniques were found to be less effective.

The cognitive interview shifts the focus to how people remember. The more elements a memory
retrieval aid has in common with the memory of the event, the more effective the aid is. Memory
has several access routes, so information that is not accessible with one retrieval cue may be
accessible with a different one.

The cognitive interview utilizes four general methods and several specific methods of cueing
memory. The first two methods attempt to increase the overlap of elements between retrieval
cues and stored memory. The last two methods attempt to increase the amount of retrieval access
routes.

The basic techniques of the cognitive interview are (1) reconstruct the circumstances, (2) report
everything, (3) recall the events in a different order, and (4) change perspectives. The method is
systematic and the order of the techniques are important. During the interview start with 1, then
2, then 3, and then 4.

RECONSTRUCT THE CIRCUMSTANCES

In this method the researcher instructs the witness to reconstruct the circumstances of the event in
general. The witness presents a narrative from beginning to end. This will give a general over
view of the incident. Never have the witness start with the event itself, but with ordinary events
that occurred before the incident in question. What was the witness saying, doing, feeling, seeing
just before the incident? An example might be, "I got up this morning and made breakfast. After
breakfast I decided to walk my dog, so 'Lad,' my dog and I went out to the field. That's when I
saw the UFO sitting behind the trees . . ."

REPORT EVERYTHING

The researcher explains that some people hold back information because they feel that it was not
important. Ask the witness not to edit anything, even things that they feel that are not very
important. As the witness presents the narrative encourage reinstatement of everything

58
happening, for example, the weather, time of day, all surrounding properties, lighting, near by
people, everything. Focus on each change of context and then focus on the feeling yielding
information at each point. Use the present tense, "What do you see? What is your immediate
reaction?" "Is there anything about the feeling?"

RECALL THE EVENTS IN A DIFFERENT ORDER

Explain to the witness that it is natural for one to go through the incident from beginning to end,
however, you would like him or her to start at the end and go back to the beginning. You might
start with something that impressed the witness most and then move forward or backward.

Make use of the witnesses change in context. Break up streams of activities, then back up.
"What is going on before the door of the UFO opens?" "Describe everything about the scene."
Then repeat, "Is there anything else that you remember?" "Of what you have told me, what
stands out?" Go on to the next scene and repeat the process.

This method is good at finding out lies, too. Lies are created and are in a logical order. Having
the witness start at various stages confuses that order. As the truth is a matter of recall, not
creation, the order of repeating can actually aid in the memory process.

CHANGE PERSPECTIVE

Have the witness attempt to recall the incident from another perspective, perhaps in the role of
another individual who had significance in the event, or from a different location relevant to the
event. "If you were standing where your dog was located what would you have seen?" The
witness might reply, "I wouldn't have seen the emblem on the alien's uniform."

Having the witness mentally change perspectives while recalling an incident enhances the
completeness of the report. Often a witness has a variety of perspectives on the incident, but most
people will report what they remember from only one perspective.

During the narrative phase of the investigation the researcher might use specific techniques to
obtain more detailed information. For example:

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

"Does the individual remind you of anyone that you know; a friend, a movie star?" "Try to think
of why." "Was there anything unusual about the individuals clothing or appearance?" When
asking for facial descriptions get trait descriptions and go from there. "Is it a pleasant face?"
"What makes it pleasant?"

NAMES

Have the witness use the technique of going through the alphabet. "How many syllables did the
name have?" "What letter did the name start with?"

NUMBERS

"Were numbers involved?" "Was it a high number or a low number?" "Were letters used along
with the numbers?" "Were there colors involved?"

59
 SPEECH CHARACTERISTICS

"Was the voice rough? Pleasant?" "Was there any kind of accent?" "Does the voice remind you
of anyone?" "If the voice reminds you of someone, why?"

CONVERSATION

"Think about what was said . . . was there any unusual words or phrases?" "What was your
reaction to what was said?" Have the witness describe the tone of voice. Was the voice excited,
threatening, young?

Some practical hints are to take your witness interview notebook and write on the inside cover
methods 1 through 4. Number 1, reconstruct the circumstances, number 2, report everything, and
so on. During the interview starting with number 1, title your notes. Then go to 2, then to 3, and
then to 4. Don't skip around even if the witness seems repetitious. Remember, that the cognitive
interview is systematic and that the order is important. Make certain that questioning stays non-
leading and non-directional, and that questioning deals only with what is related by the witness.
For multiple witnesses do the same techniques, but keep the witnesses separate. At the end of the
interview, review your notes and then write your report.

As a researcher you have probably been using many of these techniques already, however, you
will discover that you can greatly increase the amount of accurate information using all of the
above methods. My personal research has demonstrated the value of the cognitive interview
technique. I have found that the technique doesn't work as well when there is a complete mental
block in memory as is common in the abduction phenomenon. Hypnotic memory retrieval
techniques are best used in these cases. In the next issue of UFO Encounters you will find a
profile on investigative hypnosis.

REFERENCES

1. Reiser, Martin, 1980. Handbook of Investigative Hypnosis, Los Angeles: LEHI

Publishing Company.

2. Geiselman, R. Edward and Fisher, Ronald P., 1985. "Interviewing Victims and
Witnesses of Crime," National Institute of Justice - Research In Brief, Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Department of Justice.

3. Orne, Martin T., Dinges, David F. and Orne, Emily C., 1984. "The Forensic Use of
Hypnosis," National Institute of Justice - Research In Brief, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department
of Justice.

4. "The Cognitive Interview," 1985. Law Enforcement Training and Information

Network, Los Angeles: L.E. Net Video.

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 APPENDIX E.

TRAUMATIC INCIDENT DEBRIEFING

Traumatic Incident Debriefing (TID), also termed Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), is a
structured (usually group) meeting that emphasizes the ventilation of emotions and other
reactions to a traumatic event. TIDs are essentially discussions of a traumatic event in
confidential meetings. TID sessions are not considered psychotherapy, nor are they
psychological treatment (Schmuckler 1990). It should here be pointed out that TID sessions are
not enough for the severely affected individual. TID sessions, instead, are discussions designed
to put stressful situations into perspective (Schmuckler 1990). The two major goals of
debriefings are to reduce the impact of the traumatic event and to accelerate the normal recovery
of the individual(s) who are suffering through normal but painful reactions to abnormal events
(Mitchell & Bray 1990).

TIDs have many benefits including: (1) they provide a chance to ventilate repressed feelings; (2)
they enhance team cohesiveness; and (3) they are considered a good stress prevention method
(Mitchell & Bray 1990.)

ASSESSING THE NEED FOR A DEBRIEFING

Generally a traumatic event is considered an extraordinary event that is overwhelming for the
individual. The individual who has experienced a traumatic event has experienced a loss--primarily
in the form of shattered assumptions. The individual's view of his or her immortality, vulnerability
and perspective of the world as being "good" are all shattered.

The core experiences of psychological trauma are disempowerment and disconnection from others.
Dr. Judith Herman (1992) states in her excellent book, Trauma and Recovery, the following:

"Traumatized people feel utterly abandoned, utterly alone, cast out of the human and divine systems
of care and protection that sustain life. Thereafter, a sense of alienation, of disconnection, pervades
every relationship, from the most intimate familial bonds to the most abstract affiliations of
community and religion."

There are a number of symptomatic criteria which may suggest the need for a debriefing. Dr.
Eugene Schmuckler (1990) outlines the following traumatic stress symptoms:

1. Mental 2. Emotional 3. Physical

Confusion Fear Nausea
Memory Loss Anxiety Fatigue
Problems w/Decisions Grief Twitches & Tremors
Problems w/Priorities Depression Sweating (Profuse)
Problems w/Attention Span Hopelessness Chills
Problems w/Calculation Helplessness Dizziness
Anger Diarrhea
Feeling Numb Headaches
Feeling Overwhelmed Rapid Breathing
Feeling Lost Rapid Heartbeat
Feeling Abandoned
Feeling Isolated

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4. Behavioral
Social Withdrawal
Silence
Hyperactivity
Aggressive Humor
Erratic/Irrational Acts
Muffled Hearing
Fixed Gaze
Easily Startled

A debriefing should be carried out if stress symptoms appear severe, persists beyond three weeks
duration, or by request.

TRAUMATIC INCIDENT DEBRIEFING FORMAT

Dr. Eugene Schmuckler (1990) recommends the following TID format:

1. Location

The location should be a neutral and comfortable. All beepers, radios, telephones, etc. should be
turned off. If possible do not have equipment of this type brought into the room. The debriefing
should in no way be interrupted. There are usually two members on a debriefing team for a group
session. One debriefer may suffice for a session comprised of one or two individuals. The
seating should be of a circular nature with the two debriefers sitting opposite each other.

2. Introductions and Clarification

Introduce yourselves and briefly explain why you are there. One member of the debriefing team
will be the primary group facilitator while the other debriefer observes the group process. The
chief debriefer, starts the introductions with all parties involved introducing themselves, as well
as, briefly describing why they are there. Ask for introductions by first name--omit rank or title.

3. Establish Guidelines

Assure confidentiality about that which will be discussed. Indicate your desire to help. Give
permission for persons to momentarily leave the room, if necessary, but state that their presence is
important. If an individual who appears distressed should leave, it is important for a peer support
person to follow to make certain that all is well.

4. Ask For Detailed Facts - "Their Stories"

Ask the group members enough detailed questions so that each tells his or her unique story about
what happened--what was seen or heard. Those that were initially silent should later be given the
opportunity to also tell their stories. In this way the group can develop cohesiveness. More
importantly, it allows for any gaps which may exist to be filled in by the experiencers.

5. Ask For Discussion of the Incident

Ask group members to discuss their ideas if they have not already done so, about what or why
this happened, and how they were effected.

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6. Ask For Feelings About the Incident

Ask group members to talk about their feelings in more detail, even if they have already started to
do so. The debriefer may ask, "What feelings have you heard expressed by members of this
group?" Or - "Some of you may want to talk about some of the changes you have experienced in
yourselves since this happened." This may stimulate open discussion about feelings, physical
reactions, sleeplessness, nightmares, angry outbursts, problems with relationships, startle
reactions, crying spells, etc. While this is happening, one member of the debriefing team should
be the group facilitator while the other looks out for specific group members who are quiet or
very distraught. If so, these individuals can be given special help.

7. Normalize the Group's Reactions

Members of the group need to hear that their reactions are normal. This point is very important.
Commit to memory this phrase--"What you are experiencing is a normal response by a normal
person to an abnormal situation."

8. Establish Closure and a Summary of What Happened

One of the debriefs then provides a summary of what happened during the debriefing session. It
is a good idea to "hang out" for awhile--generally someone will come up to you secretly or
privately.

SUMMARY

In summary, Traumatic Incident Debriefing is a process whereby an individual or group is

provided the opportunity to ventilate repressed emotional or stress reactions thereby preventing
further traumatic stress symptoms. Traumatic Incident Debriefing does have it's limitations
however. Individuals who are experiencing extremely severe or persistent traumatic stress
symptoms should be referred to a trained trauma counselor.

REFERENCES

1. Herman, Judith L., 1992. Trauma and Recovery, New York: Basic Books, Harper
Collins Publishers.

2. Mitchell, J., Bray, G. 1990. Emergency Services Stress, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice
Hall, Inc.

3. Schmuckler, E. 1990. Traumatic Incident Debriefing Training Manual, Forsyth:

Georgia Public Safety Training Center.

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