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Science
Quarter 4, Wk 4 - Module 4
Conservation of Linear Momentum

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Conservation of Linear
Lesson Momentum
1
What I Need to Know
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to infer that the total momentum
before and after collision is equal.

Specifically, after going through this module, you will be able to:
a. Describe the total momentum before and after collision in an isolated system.
b. Compare the total momentum before and after collision.

What’s New

What’s the Word

Objectives

Students will arrange the physics terms correctly.

1. OILLICSON -
2. DVSCEONER -
3. MUTNEMMO -
4. LEUQA -
5. TEMSYS -

These are the physics terms that you will need to know as you willlearn this lesson.

Situation 1
Imagine a 10-wheelers truck like collides with a small (hatchback) car which is not
moving. After they collide, the two vehicles stick together. Will their combined speed be greater
than, equal to, or less than the speed of the truck before the collision? Defend your answer.

What Is It
 Newton’s Third law of motion said that if an object exerts a force on the other, the other
object also exerts force towards it with equal magnitude. Suppose two balls with different masses
collide with each other. During collision, the two balls gain the same momentum but in opposite
direction. Since the balls have different masses, they will accelerate differently from Newton’s
second law of motion. In studying momentum of the two or more colliding objects, we will
consider a closed system or isolated system. It is considered a closed system if no one enters or
leaves in it hence; no external force is exerted on it like air resistance, friction and the like.

In all collisions, whether it is elastic or inelastic, momentum is known to be conserved.

This is because of the law of conservation of momentum.

The law of conservation of momentum states that:

when two objects in an isolated system collides, the total momentum of the objects before the
collision is equal to the total momentum of the objects after the collision.

Thus, in mathematical form:

p(before)=p(after)

( p = p’) (read as: p is equal to p prime)

If you have two objects in collision, you can rewrite the equation as:

Equation 1 m1v1+m2v2=m1v1′+m2v2′ (m1 is read as m sub 1)

Where:
m1= is the mass of object 1
m2= is the mass of object 2
v1 = is the velocity of object 1 before
v2 = is the velocity of object 2 collision
v1′= is the velocity of object 1 after
v2′ = is the velocity of object 2 collision
Note: Prime symbol (′) denotes that these are the velocities after the collision.

Sample Problem 1

A car with a 1000 kg mass moving at a velocity of 5 m/s to the left collides with a car with
the same mass moving at 10 m/s to the right. What is the velocity of the second car if the velocity
of the first car after the collision is 2 m/s to the right?

Step 1: Identify what is asked in the problem.

You are asked to determine the velocity of the second car after the collision.
Step 2: Identify the given in the problem

m1=1000kg m2=1000kg

v1=-5m/s v2=10m/s

v1′=2m/s

Step 3: Use the equation to solve for the unknown.

p(before)=p(after)

m1v1+m2v2=m1v1′+m2v2′ ; find v2′=?

(1,000kg)(-5m/s)+(1,000kg)(10m/s)=(1,000kg)(2m/s)+(1,000kg)v2′

-5,000kgm/s+ 10,000kgm/s = 2,000 kgm/s + (1,000 kg)v2′

5, 000 kgm/s - 2,000 kgm/s = (1, 000 kg) v2′

3, 000 kgm/s = (1, 000 kg) v2′

1, 000 kg 1, 000 kg

Step 4: Get the answer.

v2′ = 3 m/s Therefore, the velocity of the second car is 3 m/s to the right.

Sample Problem 2
A 1.0-kg glider traveling at 5.0 m/s on a level air track undergoes a head-on
collision with a 0.25-kg mass traveling toward it at 10.0 m/s. The two gliders stick in the
collision. What is the velocity of the combined gliders after the collision?

Step 1: Identify what is asked in the problem.

You are asked to determine the velocity of the combined gliders after the collision.

Step 2: Identify the given in the problem

m1=0.5kgm2=0.25kgv1=2.0m/sv2=−5.0m/s

Step 3: What is asked in the problem?

v' = ? (solve for the combine velocity of the two gliders after collision)

Step 4: Use the equation to snhbcxzolve for the unknown.

p(before)=p(after)
m1v1+m2v2=(m1+m2) v′ v’ is the combined velocity of the two gliders

(1.0 kg)(5.0m/s)+(0.25kg)(−10m/s)=(1.0 kg + 0.25kg)v′

5.0 kgm/s – 2.5 kgm/s = (1.25 kg) v’

2.5 kgm/s = (1.25 kg) v’

1.25 kg 1.25 kg

Step 4: Get the answer.

v′=2m/s

Therefore: the two gliders moved together 2 m/s towards the direction of motion of the
first glider.

Summary

 Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.

 It is a vector quantity and has a unit of kgm/s.
 The standard unit of mass is kg and the unit of velocity is m/s.
 The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of the two
objects before collision is equal to the total momentum of the same objects after
collision. Hence, momentum is always conserved.

Assessment: (Post-Test)

I. Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Choose the BEST answer. Write the letter
of your answers on the space provided before each number.
______1.)Which of the following statements describes momentum?
A. the product of body’s mass and velocity
B. the product of body’s mass and acceleration
C. the sum of body’s mass and velocity
 D.the sum of body’s mass and acceleration
______2.)Which of these is the standard unit of mass?
A. kg B. kgm/s C. m/s D. none of these
______ 3.) What type of quantity are momentum and velocity?
A. director C. scalar
B.reactor D. vector
______4.) What is the unit for momentum?
A. kgm/s C. kgm/s2
B.Nkg D. Nm/s
______ 5.) What word can best describe the total momentum in an isolated system?
A. conserved B. large C. lost D. low
______ 6.) What is the unit of velocity?
A. kg B. kgm/s C. m/s D. all of these
______ 7.) Calculate the momentum of a car, which has a mass of 1000 kg and moves
with a velocity of 20 m/s.
A. 500 kgm/s B. 10, 020 kgm/s C. 20000 kgm/s D. 99 980 kg m/s
______ 8.) The total momentum of two objects before collision is 50 kgm/s. What will
be their total momentum after collision?
A.50 kgm/s B. 175 kgm/s
C. 350 kgm/s D. not enough information
For nos. 9&10. Two 0.5 kg balls approach each other with the samespeed of 1.0 m/s.
______9.) What is the total momentum of the system before collision?
A. 0 B.0.50 kgm/s C. 1.0 kg m/s D.-1.0 kgm/s
______10.) If there is no external force actingon the system, what is the total momentum
of the system after collision?
A. 0 B.0.50 kgm/s C. 1.0 kg m/s D.-1.0 kgm/s
_____11.) Two billiard ballsapproach each other at equal speed. If they collide in a
perfectly elastic collision, what would be their velocities after collision?
A. zero
B. same in magnitude and direction
C.same in magnitude but opposite in direction
D.different in magnitude and opposite in direction
_____12.) Two objects with a total mass of 20 kg has an initial momentum of 100
kg∙m/s. If the masses stick together after the collision, what is the final velocity
of the masses?
A. 5 m/s B. 80 m/s C. 120 m/s D. 2, 000 m/s

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Key to Answers

What I Know-Pretest (p. iii)

1. Bluff
2. Bluff
3. Bluff
4. Bluff
5. Fact
6. D
7. B
8. D.
9. A
10. B
Assessment:Post-Test (p.10)
1. A
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. A
9. C
10. C
11. C
12. A
References
Aloian, Molly. Mixtures and Solutions. Crabtree Pub., 2008

Department of Education. EASE Module 4 Mixed Matter.

Ebbing, Darrell D., and Steven D. Gammon. General Chemistry. Cengage Learning,
2017.

Soult, Allison. “7.6: Colloids and Suspensions - Chemistry LibreTexts.” Chemistry

LibreTexts, Libretexts, 5 Aug. 2016
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kentucky/UK
%3A_CHE_103_-_Chemistry_for_Allied_Health_(Soult)/Chapters/
Chapter_7%3A_Solids%2C_Liquids%2C_and_Gases/
7.6%3A_Colloids_and_Suspensions.

Wijeysundera, Nihal E. “Properties of a Pure Substance.” Engineering

Thermodynamics with Worked Examples, June 2016, pp. 43–86.,
doi:10.1142/9789813148093_0002

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Telefax: (063) 221-6069
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