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Maxima Minima

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Maxima Minima

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3 MAXIMA AND MINIMA 41.Maximum Value and Minimum Value ‘A function (x ») is said to have a maximum value at x= a, y= b. if/(@, 6)» f(a + h, b+ k) for small values of h and k, positive or negative. A function f(x, y) is said to have a minimum value at x= a, y= b. If f(a, 5) 0 and A <0, then f(x, y) is a maxima for this pair maximum value is f(t .91)- (i) If for a point (x1, 91), we have AC — B*> 0 and A > 0, then f(x,y) is a minimum for this pair minimum value is £1 ,¥1)- (ill) If AC — B? <0 for a point (x1, 1¥)is said to have a saddle point at (x1 . 1). (w) IFAC - B®=0 for some point (a, b), the case is doubtful. In this case, if f(a, 6) -f(a h, b+ K)> 0 for small values of hand k; positive or negative, then fis max. at (2, 6) 1) <0 for small values of h and k, positive or negative, then fis min. at (a, 6), p) does not keep the same sign for small values of h and &, then there is ‘yy, then there is neither max. nor minimum of (x, ») In this case SI Pan ee [ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES} minima of the function crRUM EI G MATHEM, My ' ac Example 1. Find stationary points and the maxima and Sx, y)=x ty 3 (ety) + 12 xy. Sol. Here f(x, =x +y°- 63 (x+y) + 12 xy step: 2= 63412 £3x7- 63+ cep os y PTU.29, S _3y? -63412x ay F a Step II. Let us solve 0 and PIL Letus solve == 0 and ie, 3x°-63+12y=0 and 3y°-63+12x-0 ee Pay21=0 and = y?+4x-21=0 Subtracting (2) from (1), we get, v-P+4y-4x=0 or (-y)@+y)-4@-y) De gtnes tae Sea’ or xt+y—4 eee 0) ee eed 4) | Also 7+4y—21=0 From (3) and (4), we get, pees #+4x-21=0 CS cay SGD or P—-8y+16+4y-21=0 pee or y—4y-S=0 from (3), y= 3,-7 eco yrsj-1 ‘ sti : From (5),x=—1,5 * four critical points are (3, 3), (- 7,~7), (-1, 5) and (5, ~ 1) é step A= 2 ar, pe 2 a, Ee, . a AC-~B*=36.xy—144 Step IV. At (3,3) AC-B’ = 36 (3) (3) 144= Bae ian 180>0 - -A=6(3)=18>0 ++ f(x,y) is minimum at (3, 3) and minimum value =. < minimum value = /(3, 3) 27427 63 (3 +3) + 12 (3) (3)=27 +27 378 + 108=-216 sya AND MINIMA At 2-2 AC-B*= 36 (-7)(—7)— 144= 1764— 144 = 1620>0 nso A=6(-7)=—42<0 ‘f(s, ) is maximum at (~7, ~7) and maximum value = f(—7, ~ 7) =CT +7963 7-7) 412-7) (7) =- 343 ~ 343 + 882 + 588 = 784 atch 5) AC-B*=36€ 1) (5)~ 144 =~ 180— 144 =—324 <0 at 1, 5),/(@, ») has neither maximum nor minimum, (-1, 5) isa saddle point. At,-D AC-B?=36 (5) 1)- 144 =~ 180-144 =—324 <0 at 1, 5), f(&, y) has neither maximum nor minimum, (5, 1) isa saddle point, ymple 2. Find the maximum and minimum values of x3 + y3 -3ax y. (P.T.U. 2017) ie, ?- ay=0 and y’—ax=0 From(1),ay=x or y= from (2), a Fas-8 or fa x=0 @x(°-a@)=0 > x=0, a tical pint are (0, 0) (a, a) in, aS be. ah ce ee 262 SPECTRUM ENGINE: SS At (a, a) AC-B?=36.a?-9 a’ =27a?>0 Also A=6a Two eases arise : Case I. If a> 0, then A= 6 a>0 f(x, ») has a minimum value at (a, a) and minimum value =/(a, a)= a? + a3 a =—a" Case Il. If a <0, then A=6a<0 f(x,y) has a maximum value at (a, a) and maximum value = f(a, a) =—a° Example 3. Discuss the extreme values of x? - y?-7.x744 y415 x-13. Sol. Here f(x,y)= x9 -y?-7x7 +4 y+15-13 Step-I. z. 3x? -14x-15, z =2yt4 Step-II. Let us solve z =Oand z =0 a Now ees 3x? -14x415=0 _ 144 J196=180 _ 144 16 6 6 oft and 570 7 -2944=0 = 2ymd wy critical points are (3, 2) ($3] a Sepa A =f ~or-tap SL =0,C= - Step-IV. At (3,2) A=6(3)~14= 18-14=4,B=0,C=-2 AC~ B? =(4)(-2)- (0)? =_8.<9 at (3,2), f (x, ») has neither maximum nor minimum By gos pt Pee) aethascas- 1 AC- B? =C4y 2)- 0) =8>0, Also A=-4<0 (9) maximum a (52) Be sy value= |=] —(2)2_7/ 5 S)iq3 = 125_4_ 175 a and max. 1 (3) Qy (3) s4anis(2 13 oy 4 9 +84 25-13 af 125 175 = 125-525+432 a2. ae, 27 ie) imple 4. Find the extreme values (if any) of the following function : f@& =P ¥ (1-x-y) Here fy) =" y (I-x-y)axv Poatyriey, pi. £38 -4r pasty, ee 2x y-21'y-3¥ 9 pil. Let us solve Zona L 0, ay ie, 3° ~-4x ¥—3¥ Y=0 (D) and 2x° y-2x*y-3x° 7 =0 , 2} From (1),x* y? (3-4x-3y)=0 From (2),x° y(2—2x-3y)=0 Solving these, we get, two points as (0, 0), 4) which are critical points. 23g ; 2 2. Ree B = Fy Oey bey ey needed at (0, 0). b=-P RAB RRR (neglecting 1* K+ A’ which is small as compared to i) not keep the same sign for all small values of h and k. tue at (0,0). —>0 “32 a 14a 2 2 2 ih » -Q-6L- ee )hasamax vat (4, 4) and_ max. value = pH (-$-3)-5 Example 5. Find the extreme value (if any) of the following functions : S@ y= ty -2¥ +4xy-2y Sol. Here f(x, y)=x'+y'-2x7 +4 xy-2? Step I. La ay 4544p, loa ‘Step IL. Let us solve Loma x. ie, x-x+y=0 and tx-y=0 Adding (1) and Q), P+»? =0 or y= A oynoe eee from(),7=x-x=0 or ¥-2x=0 Ree 20 BE 2 critical points are (0, 0), (V2,-y2 ), Cv2,y2) e aad eae! AC-BY= (123-4) (12 y*_4) 16 piv. At (0, 0) AC-B’= (0-4) (0~4)_16=9 at (0, 0), further investigation is needed. Consider /(a, 6)—f(a+h, b+k)= 700, 0)— Sh, b) =0-G'+M 27 +4hk-2k) AWB +2 +2 a hk=2 (h- be (+) which does not keep the same sign for all small values of f and k there is neither maximum nor minimum at (0, 0). At (V2,-V2) AC-B?=(12 x 2—4)(12 x 2-4)- 16 = 400-16 =384>0 0 A=12xX2-4=20>0 ‘£(,y)has a minimum value at (y2,-2) nd minimum value = (2)* +(—/2)4 -2(2)? +4(—2)(J2)-2(2)? =4+4-4-8-4=-8 AC -B?=(12 x 2-4) (12-2)-16=20>0 bo A= 12 x BirphenQO PDs vse #9) WG pte mis . value at (~¥2, V2) y J2)* + (2)* -2(— 2)? +4(-V2)( V2) -2( 2)? 8-4 ¢ § Sa Shih. = 9.0 values of 2 (x? ~y axe yt (P.T.U, 2016) +. (8) eepsnetnen Hence area of AABC is maximum when. ie, the ABC is an equilateral triangle. Pepe A mango bi ir volume of 32 cubic metres. Find the dimen pbs on, x(64—x')= x= 0,4 Now x= Odoes not give any finite value of y 64 x4, yale When ree critical point is (4, 4) Sis least when x=4,y=4 and. from(2), z= 454 dimensions of the box requiring least material are 4 metres, 4 metres and 2 metres. 2 2 2 tIfA, B, Care given in the statement, then we take r= 2, 5=2F ,- O'S ap aay’ oe imple 9. In a plane triangle ABC, find the maximum value of cos A cos B cos C. Since A, B, C are angles of a triangle “ A+B+C=% or C=2-(A+B) cos A cos B cos C = cos A cos B cos [7 -(A +B)] = ~cos A cos B cos (A + B) _Let /(A, B) =— cos A cos B cos (A +B) z “ag aa) cos B A. leos Acos (A+B) 7 IEERING MATH, | For extreme values, ie. cos Bsin(2A+B)=0 and cos A sin (A +2B)=0 But cos A, cos B ¥ 0 f cosA=0 ie A= a then cos B sin Ge +B)=0 Le. ~cosB sing. ie. sin2B=0 ie. B= ©, which isnot possible as A+B +c sin(2A+B)=0 and sin(A+2B)=0 2A+B=a and A+2B=a Solving these, we get, A= B= 4 2 2 Now r= £L ~2 05 8B cos (2A +B), 1= ZL 2.008 A c0s (A +28) oA B vette sae Sap 77 8it Asin (A +2B) + cos A cos (A + 2B) = cos (A + A +2B) =cos (2A +28) At 1 a 2 geceedi sn | soon (7 +28) os AF yax from (2), Beis. Eas 2d?y?12x7y? 2", B= f,, = 4d?xy-B8x5y-8xy° ~od*-12d*-204_ aa* <0 g 9 1 SESE ‘a? d? _ 6d*-2d4-12a4 . gee pegecenadinlad’ | | sdt iy 3h 9 —l2d*-sd*-sa*_—aa* 9 9 ne 4 ee atio'n = We <0. it on i aaa" y, SI CTRUM ENGINEERING MAt 272 THEN, scribes largest rectangular paralellopiped that can be Example 11. Find the volume of th in the el, CTU ay Sol. The equation of ellipsoid is 2 Be Eve ae ye Let V be volume of rectangular parallelopiped with edges 2 x, 2 y, 2.2 where x, y, 2 > 0. Then V =8xyz 2a. V2 = 64xty22? = 64x2y2e7{ 1-2-2 arb Veer ye a Be ty = 64 ae xy’ 2e? 1207 9 yw! SPECTRUM ENGINEERING MATHEM, Ni, up 7 274 Example 12. The sum of three po: they are equal ‘Sol. Let the three positive numbers be Ys 7 Given sum of numbers is constant ers is constant, Prove that their product is maximum i) ive num Let ,x +) +2 = (constant) Let product is P=xyz=xy (K-—Y) Let FO,y) = xy (k-x-y) es =y C1 + (k-x-y) Dy [k-2x-Y] Jy =x[y Cl) + (k-x-y) (I) =x [k-x-2 9] Forextreme values f, =0, f, =0 y(k-2x-y) =0 > eithery=0 or k-2x-y=0 Ga x(k-x-2y) =0 > either x=0 or k-x-2y=0 Now, 2xty-k=0 xt2y-k=0 (On solving @)and (3), we get x=, y 3 stationary points are (0, 0) and (¢ 4 ae Now hires, 5 = fy =k-2x-2y t= fy 2x res? =4xy—(k-2x-2y)? 10,0) eee * £G:,y)has no extreme value at (0, 0) 3) yay product is maximum when the numbers are equal. mple 13. Find point on the surface z* =x y + 1, nearest to origin. (P.1.U. 2016, 2017, 2018) ‘The equation of the surface is z?=xy +1 a) Let P(x, y, 2) be any point on surface (1) and origin be © (0, 0, 0) Let u=|0P|= x2 4y2 42? varyte Let f(y) = +y?+xy 41, where f(y) =? be ces x xf F arxty, Lory ty oy ath For Stationary points FoF fe E: axty =0 a 2ytx =0 ‘Adding (2) and (3), we get 3x+3y=0- xty=0 "Subtracting (4) from (2), we get x= 0. Subtracting (4) from (3), we get Y igi ouiey eee | : EXERCISE 3 (a) ; 1. Find points of extreme values, if any, of the function fdefined by f(x, y)=x +3.x+y3_ 2. Find extreme values of the function @ f& Mae + + dy Gf, ya — xy ty — Dy + 3x47 Pe Gil) FG, y) = 3x? + xy +P +? (iv) f@,y)=2x' = 32+ 9 ©) fleyy= x+y? 460412 (i) $0,9)= 3x? -y? +33 3. (a) Show that (0, 0) is the only critical point of the function f(x, y) = y? + x°y + x4 and that fh minima at that point, i (6) Find all the critical points of the function f(x, y) = x" + x y and examine for maxima, ing or neither. 4. (a) _ Find the extreme values of the following functions : on @ +8 46xy (i) 12° +8xy+y+8x 2 (6) Find the local maxima, local minima and saddle point, if any , ofthe function SGy) = 2xy-5x? -2y? 44x-4 5. Find extreme values of the following function @ fx,y)=(a-x-y) GO) fxy)=y +xy + act 6. Show that /(x, y) = (y= x)" + ( — 2)‘ has a minimum at (2, 2). Find the extreme values of the function sin x sin y sin (x+y) = S07 ; % ‘ & Iff@y,2)= Fa ayyag’ And the values of x, y, z for which f(x, y, 2) is maximum subjects condition xyz = 8, 9% Divide 24 into three parts so that continued product of first, square of second and cube of i may be maximum, 10, The temperature *T” at any point (x, y, 2) in space is 400 xyz*, Find the highest temperature ® surface of unit sphere x* + y? + z= 1, n (P-T.U. 201)) 11. Show that ifthe perimeter of triangle is constant its area is maximum, when triangle is equate 1. No extreme point 2. (i) Neither maxima nor minima at (0, 0) ; maximum value = lat (—1, —1) i) min, value 38 at (-#4 2 38 (7) At (0, 0), neither maxima nor minima; min, value = =! at cia AND MINIMA, =, (b) (0, 0)is saddle point Hs, (@) (@,Oissaddle point (6) (0, 0s sede point minimum value = ~ 4 af 27 \ : At (0, 0), no extrer : 5 Atl Mireme value ; at (a, 0) no extreme value; at (0, a) no extreme value; at [ 3 a i ‘max. ifa>0 and max. value = 27 and minima if <0 and min, value = ‘ 1 (iat, 0), point of minima ifa = )—~ | and min. value maxima at (4, 2, 1) , maximum temperature = 50 at ( |. Lagrange’s Method of Undetermined Multiplier (P-TU. 2017, 2018) Let f(x, y, 2) be a function of x, y, z which is to be examined for maximum or minimum value and let ‘variable be connected by the relation GO y,=0 Since f(x,y, 2) is to have a maximum or minimum value ay a ‘a 4, which f(x, y, 2) is Equations (1), (4), (5) and (6) give us the values of x, y, 2,4 for which f(x, y, z) is ™aximay | minimum. 5 " ed Multipli isadvantages of Largrange’s Method of undetermin Pliers 3.4, Advantages and disadvantag re a | Advantages : (1) The stationary values of f(x, y, z) can be determined from @ (x, F 0 F489 2, 128 <0, even without determining x,y, x explic cee, Ae uo 2 , even without Ys = explicitly omer aes! aA gy ~° a” a (2) This method can be extended for a function of any number of variables and subject to ay ‘number of constraints. Disadvantages ‘This Lagrange’s method does not put us in a position to find whether for stationary point, functions maximum or minimum. For we find d?F determining this fact, further investigations are needed, Fy ‘maximum value d?F <0 and for minimum value d2F > 0. This method is very trouble some. Note. We explain the method with the help of examples. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Example 1, Fi {hemaximum and minimum value of x+y subject othe condition 3.7 + 4.x +6y?= M Sol. Let f(x, y)=x? +)? The constraint is 32 +4xy+6 y= 140 Let FG =x +) +A 3x24 49+ 69? — 140) where Ais Lagrange’s multiplier. For extreme points, oF Fe TFA Gx +4y)=0 OF FT Av tA 4x + 12y)=0 ay »” (143A)x+2,y=0 2Ax+(146A)y=0 jis AND MINIMA since xand y are both non-zero 14327 Fo 24; Sena 2 (1+34)(1+62)~472=9 " 14? +9A+1=0 pe eRe my ae as ty 1 Ree e, Take 5 from (2),x=-2y from (1), 12)°-8y+6y*-140=0 > Ge ¥=4y=56 ¥+y¥=56+14=70 Take A=- — from (2), y=2.x ie from (I), 327+ 8x°+24x7=140 = ?=4 » F=4x7=16 ¥=40=16 P+y¥=16+4=20 Hence maximum value of x° + 7 is 70 and minimum value is 20. ample 2. Find the minimum value of x* + y* +z’ subject to the condition that x yz=a° ‘ (P.T.U. 2010, 2016) - Wehave to find minimum value of Sey,2=2% +9 +7 =O) -Q) O) For stationary values, From (3), we get From (4) 3 6 Whens?= =, from (5,y=-S> 2 yd sya y ay vad = x=+4 stationary points are (a, a), (—a, a) 3 Similarly when x* = —, stationary points are ( » Case I: At (a, a), A=8,B=4,C=8 AC - B= 64 — 16=48. Also A=8>0 (@,@)is point of minima bia a When x= a, y= a,2= aa min value = a" +d? + q?=3¢? Case Il: At(a, ~ a), A= 8, B= “AC ~B*=48>0, Also (@, ~ a) is point of minima, and z=— aq min value = @* + @? + q? = 3g? Case II: At (a, 4), A=8,B=—4,C=8 + AC~BI=64—16"48>0, Ayo A=g>0 (~ 4 a) is point of minima and z = i = GuVAciodAckucaee, ee pe AC ~ B64 ~ 16=48>0. Also A>0 a (4 ~ 2's sein point of minima and z= a and min value= @ +g? + g? = 3g? method ‘ i yolume that Can be inscribe acres CofMicients to show thatthe rectangular solid of acu (P-T.U. 2016, 2017) e volume of Fa ae eect aneult paallelopiped whose edges are 2.x,2y,2.2where x, y,z > 0. 7 we have to find the maximum value of =8xy Si ys (1) pe when x74)" +2 (2) ae %-+4-1| where 2 is Lagrange’s multiplier to eg termined. ¥ For extreme points, 2 R= 8yz +A. @) a 2 Fya8extd, (4) a F=8xy+d. 2Z=0 AS) a Multiplying (3) by x, (4), by y, (5) by z and adding, we get, Pangtaeed Mxyz+2A) +54 |=0 or Wxyz+2A(I)=0 [- of Q)] a a a re * A=-l2xyz B fiom (3), 8yz- AP? 9 2 Pl sew a re 4 282 SPECTRUM ENGINEERING MATHEW “6 ‘% | (ae)? HY? Ce” |, NS Oa dy de + a cde ce +a de dy) al. a a Differentiating (2), we get, rar ay+tael=0 ieee which is negative d 1p MINIMA, 5 gx +A(2x+B8y)=0 2ytABx+14y)=0 @) saxt2y(1+7¥) (ay oe xand,y are both non-zero ae ga 21474) 144 42 4a 147A 2 (It) (1+72)- 162 =0 777 +8A41-1602=0 * 977-84-1=0 _ 84 V6436 8410) 1 18 18 eo Take A= 1 , from), 201+ xt 8y=0 ng 2y from (2), 47-167 +7 =225 > -5)?=225 2 y'=-45, which is not possible. 1 Take A=-— ake A= from (3), 2 -t)x- foo ert 2 B Sy - = y= 2x5 2 Pateyes420=25 ow dF =Fyy (ds)? +2 Fry de d+ Byy (OY (1-4) (ay +16 (-4) ae dy+2 (-Z)or 2 a-26) >o = 2(1 +A) (ds)? + 162 de dy + 2.(1 +72) (HY way 1 awe ot-(4 ~ ap aeare 5 or G ich is positive definite. : ris minimum and minimum value of 7 i8 5: * required distance = 5. Er 284 a eee origin tothe surface Ix + my +7 1. Find the shortest distance from th Example Sot. Let (x, 2) be any point on t 0 the surface Ixtmytn Let Party te where is the distance of (0, 0,0) from Be Pa eta (Ix +my+nz-P) G2) Let Fy) For extreme values F,=2x+A/=0 Ro2ythm=0 F,=22+4n=0 From (3), (4), (5), we get, En P 4m? +n? low dP =EF,, (dry +2 EF, .dy de = 2 [(de) which is positive definite 4 Udo) + (hy? + (day ] + 0= 2 de) + (YF +P] ris minimum Putting all these values in 14141 PY coe Flaro+2) =1 > K=atbte 4a 9. Let A (x,y) be any point on (1) and B (x;, 1) be any point on (2) AB |= Yox=m)? 40-21)" <0) w=) ~G) (4) 286 SPECTRUM ENGINEERING MATH, K For extreme value, we have =2 (=x) + 24-0 =20-y+h =0 ‘| =-2(@-2x)+ ea” Ora = -20-y)+ Jrh=0 j 2|% 2/2 213 eg Eliminating A, between (5) and (6), we get 2@-x)-4(V-y)=0 > xm =20-N) Eliminating 22 between (7) and (8), we get 4 - Bi e-m)422Lo-y) =0 2 4 @-x)=90-¥) Dividing equation (10) by (9) we get From (9) x—2y =x, -2y, From (3) 2x+y =10 —2y, +20 On solving (11), we get aI sory ty, +10. 3 When andnn? =, from (12) we get x = 3. oe a ‘The distance between AB = aay (ut) fawn ast es When x1 = ae ~2, from (12) we get x= 2 la z = Y3649 = Ja5 = 35 pu 5 < WS shortest distance between the line and the ellipse = 5 mmple 8. Find the greatest and the least values that the function f (x, y) = x y' takes on the ellipse 2 y =1. z pee fle) =xy eee (2) 2 x i ‘llipse is and given ellipse is. 7 Largrange function is given by F (x, y)=xy +A Formaximum and minimum value, we have a Sf wytid. nae oF and & =x+Ay=0 oy Putting value of x? in (2), we get aoe i : et sihesas ta aptertents” ae xt2 : by @, 1), @- 1.2, Vand (-2,— 1) es of f(x») are given by 288 SPECTRUM ENGINEERING U Merny, ny imum value of x" y" 2” when x +y +2 > 4 ‘Example 9. Find the maxi Sol, Let v= ye Let Fn e)ax"y' 2 tA tytz— 4) where 4 = Lagrange’s Multiple For Extreme values, oF 1 yp m == Pras Buta=0 Fam perks Feat d=0 5 sample sol Lt a a From (1), a For Putting these values inx + y +2 =a, we get Hovtnepna = eee) a 2 =mua____am ees ap By using values of alli ley + | aa (pel e = ay? + ie de +221 ” [vatytena = det dytde=0 or d=“ (not @ le) a) ie 2) is maximised. * plano] DF» 10, Find the stationary values of x* + y? + 2 subject to ax?+ by? +02= | andIx+my+nz~0. ox ty +2 subjected to conditions ax?+ by +e7=1 a) 4 Ixt+my+nz=0 we cnsier FQ YW DEe +P FP +A (ax t by ter -1)+A (xt mytnz) gorexteme values, oF F =25+4@as)+iI=0 @) oF & m2y si @bytham=0 . i y ar a =22+d;Qez)tAn=0 a Multpling equations (3) by x, (4) by y, (5) by 2 and adding asy'+Z) +d (Qaxt+2 by +20z)+da (xt my+n2)=0 2u+2A (1) =0 Fara —H Beco) from (2), 2x [1+a(—-w]) =-Aol * x= a ee ¥* Fu-" 2(cu=1) gall these values in (2), weget AP dant ay Yau=1) * You) +sann th # 0(+2 Ifdy= 0» x= y= 27 0, which does not satisfies equation (1)) ary values of u. 0, gives station on SPECTRUM ENGINEERING MATH, a Example 11. Find the maximum and minimum distances of the point (3, 4, 12) from the sphere Payte= Sol. The given sphere isx?+)?+2"=1 Let P (x, , 2) be any point on the sphere. Given point is Q (3, 4, distance | PQ|=y(x-3)? +(7-4)? +6 Let fly.2) 2@-3)+2Ax=0 =0 2 20-4)+24y=0 =0 => 2-12)+24z=-0 a2 219 ‘Multiplying (3) by x, (4) by y, (5) by z and adding, we get 202+ +7)-6x-By—MMzt 2A ty +Z)=0 or 2-6x-B8y-24z+24=0 or 3xt4y+ 122-144 From (3), (4) and (5), ena rg ale TA TARA Putting these values of x, y, z in (6), we have 2 9 144 Tet teat iad 1th HANH 108 on LAS 218 z 2=12 or -14 “when A= 12, from (7), we get ann Danan ig A 14, from (7), we get Pate 4 * "075? Sens eee 13, 34 ie et two points A sus, We 8 Ge 4 "a iat af cnt, sam orminimum distance from the giver Point Q. eat A = — ce 3) (-4) +(2-8) an B = (343) 4)? 12? QB = oe (e4) 41243) =14 minimum distance is at point a{ 2 nies 12 By "maximum distance is at point B| ple 12. Use Lagrange’s metho M Se SPECTRUM ENGINEERING MATHEW, 292 2 Similarly from (4) and (2), we get 2 = Or #7 from (5), (6) and (7), we get 2 eto citherx=y=2 or w= === => wehave xty+z=1 when x=y=z, we get > 3x=1 ($44) is the stationary point. Also dF = Fy (dt) + Fy 4 Feeds)? + 2Pry dedy + 2Fy2 dydz + 2x de dx. = (ay? + 2(c)? + (aa)? + 2a z dey + 2px dye + 2m y de ce =x} +26(2) 4-20[ 3) 4e¢+206(5) ede =2( d+ dt ay>0 2. and the minimum value = (4) AG ie rit Fay, j (tials 69,2) minimum at ( a 3 YXERCISE 3 (D) 1. Let £:R° > R be defined as f(x, y,2)=xyz. Determine x, y,z for maximum of f where xy+2yz+2zx=108. | 2. Find the maximum or minimum value of x7 +) +2" where axtby+c2+2fyz+2gzxt2hxy=l. 3. Find the Minimum Value of 3? + y? +2? when @ xty+z=3a © (i) axtbytez=atbte (iii) xytyz+zx= 3a" ‘4, Prove that the volume of the greatest rectangular parallelopiped that can be inscribed i 2 2 2 i . Babe ellipsoid +25 +4 aoe Pita '5, Find the volume of the largest rectangular parallelopiped which can be inscribed in the 2 (9 ellipsoid = roel (ii) sphere P+? +22 =3 b6; Wh pene 72 beim ie fon be pa)? “tigers patton ta, 2 peewee 4 te oe : ery. 20112" ay MINIMA, 49 nearest to {Using Lagrange’s method of multiplier, find the point onthe plane 2.x = 3.9" 6=" the origin in R. Find the dimensions of R onl ectangular box open at top of maximum capacity Find the Maximum and Minimum distances from the origin to curv ry and whose surface is eseréxyt5y— 8-0. Se Poe nn 4 4S, where t Degas 2” x+y +2=1, Prove that stationary values of ware given by perce) c atb+e a+b+e at+b+e Bae on te mrfon fs = x2 +y? + 10 nearest to the plane x +2 ¥—= z are subject 0. the maximum value of w= x?.y4%z" when the variables * to the condition caxtbytcz—ptqtr. 0. a Beco 2 : : where 7 =*P4 ta subject to the conditions a ind the extreme values of ¢ Be 2, Ye Za latmytnza0- pee ca of x2 +)? +2 subject to the constraints the maximum and minimum values f mm and minimum values of 7° W where Pa Ger By + eZ, subject to the Alt my+nz=0- simum radii vectors of the as a Resi at 3 4 242 = L by the plane section of the surface xt by*cz=0. s of the section of ellipsoid sive ofthe seon ofthe sre axvi+byror =! SPECTRUM ENGINEERIN ANSWEKS Marae, =0 give the max. or min. value of u 3. (@_ minima at (a, a, a) and minimum value =3 @? (ii) minima at , . Pb +e a+b? +c? ar +b? +c 2 a +e yd ” (iti) minima at (a, a, a), (—a, — a, — a) and minimum value = 3 lie e s « —“eanicuns (i) Sciblomine 6 4|- 2, deg 8 4 B 414° fia’ 4 b- the 7 (6,346 8. (2,-3,6) 9. 12, 12,6 10. Minimum distance = 1,2? = yas maximum distance = 4, x” . rei Pr yay yr 12. Gut sige ee eee 2 a Pc (, aes? 16. pea + =0. This equation gives extreme values of °. 17. Maximum value = 10, minimum value = & 7 ie 0. This equation gives maximum and minimum valuesof” dig 0. This equation gives maximum and minimum values of * 0.. This equation gives maximum and minimum values of” = 0, This equation gives maximum and minimum values of

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