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INFO 101 Chapter 12 - System Analysis and Design

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78 views25 pages

INFO 101 Chapter 12 - System Analysis and Design

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Hoa Kim
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 12

System Analysis and Design

INFO 101: Communication, Information and Society


Chapter 12

System Analysis and Design


Learning Objectives
1. Describe the six phases of the systems life cycle.
2. Identify information needs and formulate possible
solutions.
3. Analyze existing information systems and evaluate the
feasibility of alternative systems.
4. Identify, acquire, and test new system software and
hardware.
5. Switch from an existing information system to a new one
with minimal risk.
6. Perform system audits and periodic evaluations.
7. Describe prototyping and rapid applications development.

3
Introduction
• Most people in an
organization are involved
with an information system
of some kind.
• For the organization to
create and use the system
requires thought and effort.
• Need to be aware of the
relationship of an
organization’s chart to its
managerial structure.

4
System Analysis and Design, an Overview
• A system is defined as a
collection of activities and
elements organized to
accomplish a goal
• System Analysis and
Design.
• Six-phase problem-solving
procedure for examining and
improving an information
system.

• Access the text alternative for slide images.


• Figure 12-1
5
Phase 1: Preliminary Investigation
• The preliminary
investigation
determines the need for
a new information
system.
1. Define the problem.
2. Suggest alternative
solutions.
3. Prepare report.

6
Phase 2: Systems Analysis
• Data is collected about
the present system and
then analyzed to
determine the new
requirements
1. Gather data.
2. Analyze data.
3. Create summary.

7
Analyzing Data in Phase 2
• Top-down analysis method is used to identify the top-level components
of a complex system and each component is broken down into small
components making analysis easier
• Grid charts show the relationship between input and output documents.
• System flowcharts show the flow of input data to processing and finally
to output or distribution of information.
• Data flow diagrams show the data or information flow within an
information system.
• Automated design tools.
• Computer-aided software engineering tools (CASE).

• Documenting.
• Systems Analyst Report.

8
Data Analysis Tools – Grid Chart
• Show the relationship between input and output documents

• Access the text alternative for slide images.


9
Data Analysis Tools – System Flowchart
• System flowcharts show the flow of
input data to processing and finally
to output or distribution of
information.
• System flowchart is to the right
• System flowchart symbols are
below

• Access the text alternative for slide images.


10
Data Analysis Tools – Data Flow Diagram
• Show the data or information flow within an information system
• Data is traced from its origin through processing, storage, and
output
• Figure on left shows data flow symbols
• Diagram on right shows data flow diagram

• Access the text alternative for slide images.


11
Phase 3: Systems Design
• Three tasks
• Define the alternatives.
• Select the best system.
• Write a systems design
report.

• Evaluate systems according to:


• Economic feasibility asks is
a new system be
economical?
• Technical feasibility asks is
it technically possible?
• Operational feasibility asks
how it will be received by all
users.

12
Phase 4: Systems Development
• Three steps
1. Acquire the software.
2. Acquire the hardware.
3. Test the new system.

13
Phase 5: Systems Implementation
• Types of conversion
• Direct – out with the old
and in with the new.
• Parallel – old and new
systems operate side by
side until new system is
reliable.
• Pilot – new system is
tried by one section of the
organization, then
another, etc.
• Phased – new system is
introduced a little at a
time.

14
Phase 6: Systems Maintenance
• Systems maintenance is
an ongoing activity
• Two Parts.
1. Systems audit - system’s
performance is
compared to the original
design specs to
determine productivity.
2. Periodic evaluation – all
system’s should be
evaluated time to time.

15
Prototyping and Rapid Applications
Development
• Alternatives to the systems life cycle
• Prototyping - building a model of the new system for trial.
• Rapid applications development (RAD) – costly but development is short
and quality is better.

16
Careers in IT
• A systems analyst plans
and designs new systems,
follows the systems life
cycle
• Requires a Bachelor’s degree in
Computer Science or Information
Systems.
• Technical experience.
• Can expect to earn an annual
salary of $48,000 to $95,000.

17
A Look to the Future
• The Challenge of Keeping
Pace
• To stay competitive with today’s
fast business pace, new
technologies must be
incorporated.
• Increased use of RAD and
prototyping.
• Increased use of outside
consulting.

18
Open Ended Questions
1. What is a system? What are the six phases of the
systems life cycle? Why do corporations undergo this
process?
2. What are the tools used in the analysis phase? What is
top-down analysis? How is it used?
3. Describe each type of system conversion. Which is the
most commonly used?
4. What is system maintenance? When does it occur?
5. Explain prototyping and RAD. When might they be used
by corporations?

19
System Analysis and Design, an Overview
– Text Alternative
• Phase 1 preliminary investigation; phase 2 systems
analysis; phase 3 systems design; Phase 4 systems
development; phase 5 systems implementation phase 6
systems maintenance.

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• Return to parent-slide containing images.


21
Data Analysis Tools – Grid Chart – Text
Alternative
• Return to parent-slide containing images.

• "Rows represent input forms including time sheet,


telephone log, and travel log.Columns represent output
reports including client billing, personnel expense, and
support cost.Check marks are found in the intersection of
client billing with all rows, personnel expense with the time
sheet row, and support cost with the telephone log and
travel log rows."

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22
Data Analysis Tools – System Flowchart –
Text Alternative
• Return to parent-slide containing images.

• Time worked is a manual input that feeds into a process


named update time data.
The update time data process both impacts a creative
person's time file in off-line storage and also feeds into a
process named update time master.
The creative person's time file feeds into a process named
generate time for creative people which results in a
document named time for a creative person.
The update time master process impacts a time master file
in off-line storage which feeds into a process named
generate time for all creative people. This process results in
a document named time for creative person.

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23
Data Analysis Tools – Data Flow Diagram –
Text Alternative
• Return to parent-slide containing images.
• A client sends service request data to a process named
verify account.
The verify account process either: 1 sends request denied
data back to the client or 2 sends request accepted data to
a process named perform service.
The perform service process sends completed service data
to both: 1 a client database file and 2 a time and billing
database.
The client database file links client information data back to
the verify account process.
The time and billing database entity sends client data to a
second process named perform service. This perform
service process sends billed mail data back to the original
client.
• Return to parent-slide containing images.
24
Q&A Session
26

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