SURGICAL

INSTRUMENTS
 RETRACTORS
Used to hold an incision open, hold back tissues or other objects to maintain
a clear surgical field, or reach other structures.

Deaver Army-Navy Richardson Weitlaner

Used to hold back Used to gain Used to hold Self-retaining for
the abdominal wall exposure of back deep tissue exposing deep or
during abdominal or skin layers structures. smaller surgical
thoracic procedures. sites.
 SCISSORS
Used for cutting tissue, suture, or for dissection. Scissors can be straight or
curved, and may be used for cutting heavy or finer structures.

Mayo Straight Metzenbaum Mayo Curve

Used for cutting delicate tissue
Used for supplies used for cutting heavy
and for blunt dissection.
and materials. tissue.
 PICK-UP FORCEPS
Also known as nonlocking forceps, grasping forceps, thumb forceps, or pick-
ups. Used for grasping tissue or objects. Can be toothed (serrated) or
nontoothed at the tip.
Thumb Tissue Debakey Adson Bonney
Used to Used for fine Used for atraumic Used for Used for
manipulate and handling of tissue grasping handling holding thick
grasp delicate tissue and
during dissection. dense tissue. tissue.
and soft tissues. traction during
dissection.
 GRASPERS
Also called locking forceps, these are ratcheted instruments used to hold
tissue or objects, or provide hemostasis.

Mosquito Kelly Curved Kelly Straight Allis

A hemostat (clamp Occlude blood Used in clamping Hold or grasp
to stop bleeding) vessels, large vessels umbilical cord of tough tissues such
and holds suture o stop bleeding) and babies. as skin, breast and
in place. holds suture in place. uterus.
 GRASPERS
Babcock Ochsner Mixter
Hold soft tissues like Used to hold tissues like Used to grasp or hold soft
fallopian tube. when removing uterus. and hard to reach tissues
like removal of gallbladder.
NEEDLES AND SUTURE
Operative Needle Types
Sponge Tapered Needle Conventional
Used for hemostasis,
absorption of blood and
Needle is round and tapers to Cutting Needle
a simple point. Most Needle is triangular with sharp
fluids, protection, and
commonly used in softer edges, and one edge faces the
wound management. tissue such as intestine but inside of the curved needle.
may also be used in tougher Used for tougher tissues such
tissue such as muscle. as skin.
 TYPES OF BLADES
Used for initial incision and cutting tissue. Consists of a blade and a handle.
Surgeons often refer to the instrument by its blade number

#10 Blade #11 Blade #12 Blade #15 Blade

Used primarily for Used for making Used in removing Used for making
making large skin precise or sharply sutures, parotid and
finer incisions.
incisions. angled incisions. cleft plate surgeries
 TYPES OF HANDLE
Handle #3 Handle #7
It is the most common handle It is a long and slender handle with is
used in making incisions. useful in making incisions in deep and
tight spaces.
RULES OF
NINE FOR
BURNS
CAJAYON, SHAWI E ANN N.
CARI ASO, ELI ZA MAE N.
BSN 4 - FITZPATRICK
 BURNS
A burn is an injury to the skin or
other organic tissue primarily
caused by heat or due to radiation,
radioactivity, electricity, friction or
contact with chemicals.
TYPES OF BURNS SUPERFICIAL BURNS PARTIAL THICKNESS BURNS FULL THICKNESS BURNS

FIRST DEGREE SECOND DEGREE THIRD DEGREE

involves only the extends through through epidermis,
epidermis epidermis into dermis dermis into underlying
red, painful, tender, salmon pink, moist, structures
blanches under shiny, painful thick, dry, waxy,
pressure Can heal in 7 to 21 days leathery
Can heal in 7 days pearly gray or charred
black
RULES OF NINE
The Rule of Nines, also known as the
Wallace Rule of Nines, is a tool used by
trauma and emergency medicine providers
to assess the total body surface area
(TBSA) involved in burn patients.
Measurement of the initial burn surface
area is important in estimating fluid
resuscitation requirements since patients
with severe burns will have massive fluid
losses due to the removal of the skin
barrier.
Head and Neck: 9%
Anterior Arms: 9%
Posterior Arms: 9%
Chest: 9%
Upper back: 9%
Lowerback: 9%
Abdomen: 9%
Perineum: 1%
Anterior Legs: 18%
Posterior Legs: 18%
TOTAL: 100%
A 35 year old patient sustained second degree burns in
anterior upper torso, right arm, and in genitalia.
Step 1: Determine the given parts Head and Neck: 4.5%
Step 2: Put the right percentage Right Anterior Arm: 4.5%
Step 3: Calculate the TBSA Right Posterior Arm: 4.5%
percentage that it burns Perineum: 1%
TBSA = 4.5+9+1 = 14.5%
A 43 year old patient sustained second and third degree
burns in face, left anterior arm and anterior left leg.
Step 1: Determine the given parts
Step 2: Put the right percentage Head and Neck: 4.5%
Step 3: Calculate the TBSA Left Anterior Arm: 4.5%
percentage that it burns Left Anterior Leg: 9%
TBSA =4.5+4.5+9= 18%
A 29 year old patient sustained second degree burns anterior left
leg, right arm, lower back, and left anterior arm.
A 50 year old patient sustained second degree burns in upper
torso, his perineum, right arm, and right posterior leg.

A 23 years old female patient sustained third degree burns in

abdomen, upper extremities.

Joana sustained third degree burns in her perineum, lower

extremities and lower back.
A 29 year old patient sustained A 50 year old patient sustained
second degree burns anterior left second degree burns in upper torso,
leg, right arm, lower back, and left his perineum, right arm, and right
anterior arm. posterior leg.

Right Arm: 9%
Left Anterior Arm: 4.5% Head and Neck: 9%
Lower back: 9% Right Arm: 9%
Left Anterior Legs: 9% Perineum: 1%
Right Posterior Leg: 9%
TSBA = 9+4.5+9+9 = 31.5%
TBSA = 9+9+1+9 = 28%
A 23 years old female patient Joana sustained third degree burns
sustained third degree burns in in her perineum, lower extremities
abdomen, upper extremities. and lower back.

Lower back: 9%
Anterior Arms: 9%
Perineum: 1%
Posterior Arms: 9%
Anterior Legs: 18%
Abdomen: 9%
Posterior Legs: 18%
TBSA = 9+9+9 = 27%
TBSA = 9+1+18+18 = 46%
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