Numbers & Operations

Worksheets
Answer Key

By Maria Miller
Copyright 2006 - 2011 Taina Maria Miller.
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 Numbers & Operations Worksheets
Answer Key
Contents
Worksh. Ans. key Worksh. Ans. ke
Place Value page page Properties of Operations page page

Place Value ........................................................ 6 4 Order of Operations ........................................... 24 11

Counting Big Numbers ....................................... 7 4 The Four Operations .......................................... 25 11
Adding Big Numbers ........................................... 8 5 Order of Operations ............................................ 26 11
Subtracting Big Numbers .................................... 9 5 Addition and Subtraction .................................... 27 12
Place Value/Scientific Notation ........................... 10 5 Multiplication And Division .................................. 28 12
Dealing With Big Numbers .................................. 11 6 Four Operations Review .................................... 29 12
Exponents ........................................................... 30 12
Square Roots ...................................................... 31 13
Rounding/Comparing Order of Operations ............................................ 32 13
Distributive Property ........................................... 33 13
Distributive Property ........................................... 34 14
Rounding ............................................................ 12 6
Dividing a Sum or a Difference ........................... 35 14
Rounding ............................................................. 13 6
Properties of The Four Operations ..................... 36 14
Comparing ........................................................... 14 7
Properties of The Four Operations ..................... 37 15
Estimating .......................................................... 15 8

Word Problems
Calculations Including
All Operations Multiplication Word Problems ......................... 38 15
Money ............................................................. 39 15
Part of a Whole ............................................... 40 15
Addition Review ................................................. 16 8
Word Problems ............................................... 41 16
Subtraction Review ............................................ 17 8
Multiplication Review .......................................... 18 8
Division Review .................................................. 19 9 Review
Mental Math Patterns ......................................... 20 9
Mental Math ........................................................ 21 9
Review 1 ......................................................... 42 16
Mental Math Workout.......................................... 22 10
Review 2 ......................................................... 43 17
Proportional Patterns........................................... 23 10
Review ............................................................ 44 17

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Place Value, p. 6

1. The missing ones, from left to right, are: 2. a. 70,000 b. 9 million c. 20 billion d. 90 million
hundred billions, ten billions, ten millions, e. 200 million f. 30,000
hundred thousands, thousands, tens.
3. a. 40,020,700 b. 2,159,932,000
3 8 4,0 0 0,0 0 0,0 0 0 = 384 billions c. 53,000,150,000 d. 17,607,043
3 6,0 0 0,0 0 0 = 36 millions e. 430,390,839 f. 23,500,400,000
2 1 5,0 0 0 = 215 thousands 4. a. 230,394 b. 505,500,000 c. 4,000,604,000
2 0 7 = 207 d. 302,006,000 e. 5,205,000,000 f. 3,040,045

Counting Big Numbers, p. 7

1. a. b. c. d.
550,000 600,000 640,000 3,200,000
560,000 700,000 660,000 3,300,000
570,000 800,000 680,000 3,400,000
580,000 900,000 700,000 3,500,000
590,000 1,000,000 720,000 3,600,000
600,000 1,100,000 740,000 3,700,000
610,000 1,200,000 760,000 3,800,000
620,000 1,300,000 780,000 3,900,000
630,000 1,400,000 800,000 4,000,000
640,000 1,500,000 820,000 4,100,000
Each difference Each difference Each difference Each difference
is 10,000 is 100,000 is 20,000 is 100,000

2. a. b. c. d.
458,000,000 450,996,000 22,570,000 79,650,000
468,000,000 450,997,000 22,580,000 79,800,000
478,000,000 450,998,000 22,590,000 79,950,000
488,000,000 450,999,000 22,600,000 80,100,000
498,000,000 451,000,000 22,610,000 80,250,000
508,000,000 451,001,000 22,620,000 80,400,000
518,000,000 451,002,000 22,630,000 80,550,000
528,000,000 451,003,000 22,640,000 80,700,000
538,000,000 451,004,000 22,650,000 80,850,000
548,000,000 451,005,000 22,660,000 81,000,000
558,000,000 451,006,000 22,670,000 81,150,000
Each difference Each difference Each difference Each difference
is 10,000,000 is 1,000 is 10,000 is 150,000

3. Complete the addition path.

add 10,000 add a million
35,647,000 35,657,000 36,657,000
add 100 thousand
add 10 million add a thousand
46,758,000 36,758,000 36,757,000

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Adding Big Numbers, p. 8

1. a. 2,829,145,000 b. 25,746,000 4. a. 74 thousands OR 740 hundreds

c. 14,925,000,000 b. 374 millions OR 374,000 thousands
c. 374 billions OR 374,000 millions
2. a. 1,001,000,000 b. 24,000,000,000
c. 7,650,000 d. 7,045,250,000 5. a. 1,000 b. 1,000,000 c. 1,000,000,000
e. 66,045,000 f. 64,145,000,000 d. 7,000 e. 15,000 f. 4,500,000

3. Complete the addition path.

add 10,000 add a million
555,444,000 555,454,000 556,454,000

add 100 thousand

add 10 million add a thousand
566,555,000 556,555,000 556,554,000

Subtracting Big Numbers, p. 9

1. a. 70,712 b. 456,580,000 c. 10,670,000 2. c. 5,960,000; 5,996,000; 5,600,000

d. 391,100.66 (notice decimal point) d. 998,000,000; 980,000,000; 800,000,000
e. 1,986,774.7
4. a. x = 4,000,000 – 40,000 = 3,960,000
2. a. 900,000; 990,000; 999,000 b. x = 2,800,000 + 350,000 = 3,150,000
b. 6,500,000; 6,950,000; 6,995,000

3. Complete the path.

subtract 500,000 subtract a million
6,000,000 5,500,000 4,500,000

subtract 40 thousand
subtract six thousand subtract 10,000
4,444,000 4,450,000 4,460,000

Place Value/Scientific Notation, p. 10

1.
100 ones 105 hundred thousands
101 tens 106 millions
102 hundreds 107 ten millions
103 thousands 108 hundred millions
104 ten thousands 109 billions

2. a. 2 × 103 + 8 × 102 + 3 × 101 + 9 × 100 3 a. 80,507 b. 7,056,060 c. 7,170,000,000

b. 4 × 102 + 8 × 101 + 3 × 100 d. 604,512,000 e. 2,305,870,000
c. 1 × 104 + 5 × 102 + 4 × 101 4. a. thousands b. millions c. ones
d. 4 × 105 + 5 × 104 + 2 × 102 + 9 × 101 + 3 × 100 d. ten thousands e. ten billions f. tenths
e. 4 × 105 + 7 × 103 5. a. 999,000 b. 140,000 c. 8,900
f. 1 × 107 + 2 × 106 + 6 × 105 + 5 × 104 d. 287,783,622 e. 5,457,538
g. 5 × 108
h. 4 × 106 + 7 × 104 + 8 × 103 + 3 × 100

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Dealing With Big Numbers, p. 11

1. a. > b. < c. = d. > e. < f. < g. = h. < i. > 3 a. 1,600,000; 1,700,000; 1,800,000; 1,900,000;
2,000,000; 2,100,000
2. a. 109,000 8,000,000 108
b. 9 × 107 970,000,000 7 × 109 b. 724,988; 725,188; 725,388; 725,588;
c. 54,050 450,055 450,540 725,788; 725,988
d. 8 × 106 8,998,998 8,999,000
c. 16,300,000; 16,700,000; 17,100,000; 17,500,000;
e. 45,005 55,400 5 × 105 17,900,000; 18,300,000
f. 700,000 7 × 106 6 × 107
4.
Number 10,000 350,000 1,200,000 74,900 203,060 56,000,000
−1 9,999 349,999 1,199,999 74,899 203,059 55,999,999
− 10 9990 349,990 1,199,990 74,890 203,050 55,999,990
− 100 9900 349,900 1,199,900 74,800 202,960 55,999,900
− 1000 9,000 349,000 1,199,000 73,900 202,060 55,999,000

5. a. 1341109000 b. about 4.5 times bigger.

Rounding, p. 12

1. a. 8,060; 8,100; 8,000 2. a. 2,020,000; 2,000,000; 2,000,000;

b. 74,350; 74,400; 74,000 b. 38,800,000; 38,800,000; 39,000,000;
c. 82,710; 82,700; 83,000 c. 82,010,000; 82,000,000; 82,000,000
d. 46,080; 46,100; 46,000; d. 8,270,000; 8,300,000; 8,000,000;
e. 4,400; 4,400; 4,000 e. 291,040,000; 291,000,000; 291,000,000;
f. 127,070; 127,100; 127,000 f. 17,290,000; 17,300,000; 17,000,000
g. 240,190; 240,200; 240,000;
h. 70,530; 70,500; 71,000
3..

The range is: numbers from 56,500 to 57,499

4..

The range is: numbers from 125,000 to 134,999.

5.

Rounding, p. 13

1. Round to the nearest...

Number 10,987 357,893 781,284 39,038 259,949 1,455,397
...hundred 11,000 357,900 781,300 39,000 259,900 1,455,400
...thousand 11,000 358,000 781,000 39,000 260,000 1,455,000
...ten thousand 10,000 360,000 780,000 40,000 260,000 1,460,000

2. Round to the nearest...

Number 19,289,387 238,994,038 108,290,281 459,994,920 203,845,108

...hundred thousand 19,300,000 239,000,000 108,300,000 460,000,000 203,800,000
...million 19,000,000 239,000,000 108,000,000 460,000,000 204,000,000
...ten million 20,000,000 240,000,000 110,000,000 460,000,000 200,000,000

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Rounding 2, cont.

3. a. Estimation: 2,400 × 20,000 = 48,000,000. 4. a. 60,992

Exact: 46,211,456. Error 1,788,544. b. There are 128,000 people in Purpleville.
Of them, 67,000 are women, 61,000 men.
b. Estimation: 124,000 − 20 × 3,000 = 64,000 42,000 are under 18 and 6,000 are 65 or older.
Exact: 71,632. Error: 7,632 81,000 people are between 19 and 64 years of ages.
Half of the children 5 or under are enrolled
c. Estimation 920,000 ÷ 100 + 80,000 = 89,200.
in a nursery, preschool, or kindergarten,
Exact: 92,053
which makes 5,000 children.
Error: 2,853.
Two thirds of those 65 or older - 4,000 people -
d. Estimation 26,000 ÷ 500 = 52.
receive pension.
Exact: 53. Error: 1
About one twelfth of the Purpleville population
is on disability - 11,000 persons.

Comparing, p. 14

1. 7.8; 8.78; 8,700; 8,708; 8,788; 78,778; 2. a. < b. < c. > d. < e. < f. >
80,780; 80,877
3. Add.
N 802,155 82,009,709 55,548,399 34,999,999 2,089,999
N+1 802,156 82,009,710 55,548,400 35,000,000 2,090,000

M 802,155 82,900,000 7,900,001 60,900,034 538

M + 100,000 902,155 83,000,000 8,000,001 61,000,034 100,538
4. a. > b. < c. < d. < Country Population
China 1,306,313,800
5. How many more people does...
India 1,080,264,400
...USA have than Indonesia? 53,760,200 USA 295,734,100
...USA have than Russia? 152,313,800 Indonesia 241,973,900
...China have than USA? 1,010,579,700 Brazil 186,112,800
Pakistan 162,419,900
...China have than Japan? 1,178,896,600
Bangladesh 144,319,600
Russia 143,420,300
Nigeria 128,772,000
Japan 127,417,200

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Estimating, p. 15

1. a. Estimation; 4,000 + 5,000 = 9,000. 3. a. You can round the numbers to

Exact; 9,211. the nearest million for example:
b. Estimation; 74,000 − 13,000 = 61,000.
Exact; 61,518. Never married 59,913,370 60, 000,000
c. Estimation; 20 × 50 = 1,000. Exact; 988. Now married 120,231,273 120,000,000
d. Estimation; 1,300,000 + 390,000
= 1,690,000. Exact; 1,685,821. Separated 4,769,220 5,000,000
e. Estimation; 3,428,000 − 1,300,000 + Widowed 14,674,500 15,000,000
805,000 = 2,933,000. Exact; 2,937,677
Divorced 21,560,308 22,000,000
2. a. The two towns have approximately 425,000
people in all; and there are about 45,000
more people in Purpletown than in Bluetown.
b. There were about 3,400 live births in all; and
Seagull hospital had about 1,300 more births
than Sunshine hospital.
c. He earns about $4,000 monthly.
d. He drives about 5,000 each month.

b. 42,000,000 c. 102,000,000

Addition Review, p. 16

1. a. 4,132 b. 57,891 c. 78,369 b. 3,948 + x = 1,504 = 12,000. Again, subtract to find

d. 5535.6 e. 297.38 f. 47116.12 x. You can either add 3,948 and 1,504 first, or
subtract both of them.
2. a. 38, 91, 75 b. 95, 63, 85 c. 73, 210, 300 x = 12,000 – 3,948 – 1,504 = 6,548
d. 1,140, 7,800, 17,720 e. 1,100, 7,800, 210 c. Total length is 1 km 200 m + 700 m + 1 km 500 m +
900 m = 2 km 2300 m = 4 km 300 m
3. a. x + 1,056 = 2,370. Solve x by subtracting:
d. x + x + 200 = 560. So x + x must equal 360.
x = 2,370 – 1,056 = 1,314
x = 180.

Subtraction Review, p. 17

1. a. 145 b. 5,539 c. 2,401 3. a. 3,000; 3,000; 6,000 b. 610, 610, 710

d. 582.3 e. 177.91 f. 12,513
4. Addition 3,928 + 93,405 = x
2. a. 16, 15, 34 b. 27, 128, 53 c. 350, 350, 1,000 Subtraction: x – 3,928 = 93,450 or x – 93,450 = 3,928.
d. 1,000, 3,800, 253 e. 4,000, 660, 90 Add to solve. Solution: x = 97,378
Subtracting many numbers one at a time.....or subtracting a
sum? It won't matter; The answers are the same.

Multiplication Review, p. 18

1. a. 810, 24, 3,840, 470 b. 7,400, 10,000, 0, 800 3. a. x = 4 × 310 = 1240.

c. 5, 10, 70, 40. b. x = 400 ÷ 5 = 80.
c. 5 × 320 g + 7 × 240 g = 3280 g = 3 kg 280 g.
2. a. 280 b. 360 c. 372 d. 616 e. 5264 f. 2460 d. $20 - 17 × $0.89 = $4.87
g. 2169 h. 6408 i. 2430 j. 2530 k. 1248 l. 5490

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Division Review, p. 19

1. a. 11, 20, 9, 20 b. 500, 50, 7, 80 c. 11, 20, 8, 10. 3. a. 6, 9 b. 9. 90 c. 20, 10 d. 8, 100

2. a. 175 b. 112 c. 143 d. 465 4. a. x = 2 × 67 + 2 × 72 = 278
e. 42 f. 188 g. 73 h. 62 b. x = 847 ÷ 7 = 121.
c. 50 boxes. d. 17 boys.

Mental Math Patterns, p. 20

1. Make a number sequence by following the rule given.

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2n + 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

2. Make a number sequence by following the rule given.

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
100 × n − 50 50 150 250 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1,050 1,150

3. Make a number sequence by following the rule given.

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
n × n +10 11 14 19 26 35 46 59 74 91 110 131 154

4. a. 32; 64; 128; 256; 512; 1,024; 2,048

b. 9,100; 8,800; 8,500; 8,200; 7,900; 7,600; 7,300
c. 160; 80; 40; 20; 10; 5; 2-1/2
d. 34; 30; 40; 36; 46; 42; 52
5. Letter L Pattern: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27. These are just odd numbers.
Square numbers: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169. First number is 1 × 1,
second number is 2 × 2, third number is 3 × 3, and in general nth number is n × n.
Triangle Numbers: 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, 66, 78, 91. Each time, add one more than you
added last time. You start at 1. Add 2, get 3. Add 3, get 6. Add 4, get 10, etc.

Mental Math, p. 21

1. a. 1,000; 10,000; 100,000; 1,000,000; 3. With the top diagram:

10,000,000 4 × 120 + 240 = y and y − 4 × 120 = 240.
b. 190, 225, 260, 295, 330 Solution: y = 720.
c. 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 With the bottom one:
d. 894, 792, 690, 588, 486 240 − 4y = 120 and 4y + 120 = 240.
e. 162, 54, 18, 6, 2, 2/3 Solution: y = 30.
(each time divide by 3)
f. 33, 44, 32, 43, 31 4. a. 2,800 b. 60 c. 180 d. 740

2. a. 448, 750, 920 b. 584, 136, 93 5. a. 60; 72 b. 8; 50 c. 560; 40 d. 21; 200

c. 657, 380, 22,000
6. The rule is: subtract 35.
d. 310, 220, 45,000
e. 7,600; 22; 80
n 130 250 360 410 775 820 1,000
95 215 325 375 740 785 965

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Mental Math Workout, p. 22

1. a. 1.8 b. 6.03 c. 10.17 d. 363 5. a. 0.9 b. 0.37 c. 1 5/10 d. 30

e. 3,250 f. 46,700 g. 0.85 h. 93 i. 900 e. 115 f. 2/5 g. 5.4 h. 1.21 i. 7
2. a. 11 b. 11 c. 21 d. 11 e. 21 6. a. = b. = c. > d. < e. < f. <
3. k − p − s, k − (p + s), and k − s − p have the same value. 7. a. 0.6, 0.8, 0.9 b. 0.06, 0.23, 0.03
Also k − (p − s) and k − p + s do. c. 0.56, 2.12, 1.06 d. 0.13, 0.06, 0.034
3 1 3
4. a. 1 b. 4 c. 8 d. 5
5 2 10

2 2 6 3
4. e. f. 2 g. 4 h. 3
3 3 7 11

Proportional Patterns, p. 23

1. Jill can type 60 words per minute. Fill in the table.

minutes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
words 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
How many words can Jill type in half an hour? 1800 In 45 minutes? 2700 In one hour? 3600
2. Meredith walks 12 km in two hours. Fill in the table.
Time 1 min 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min 30 min 45 min 1h 2h 3h
Distance 1/10 km 1/2 km 1 km 1 1/2 km 2 km 3 km 4 1/2 km 6 km 12 km 18 km

3. Jason gets paid $72 for an 8-hour workday.

Time 1h 2h 3h 4h 6h 8h 16 h 24 h 32 h 35 h 40 h 50 h
Money $9.00 $18.00 $27.00 $36.00 $54.00 $72.00 $144.00 $216.00 $288.00 $315.00 $360.00 $450.00
How much does Jason earn monthly if he works 22 days in a month? $1584.00
4. Jeni's car can go 25 miles per 1 gallon of gas. Gas costs about $3 per gallon. Fill in the table.
Miles 25 50 100 125 150 200 300 400 500 600 800
Gas 1 gal. 2 gal. 4 gal. 5 gal. 6 gal. 8 gal. 12 gal. 16 gal. 20 gal. 24 gal. 32 gal.
Money $3.00 $6.00 $12.00 $15.00 $18.00 $24.00 $36.00 $48.00 $60.00 $72.00 $96.00
How far can Jeni drive with $120? 1000 miles How much does it cost her to drive 250 miles? $30.00

5. a. A machine fills 720 cans in 1 hour. b. Joe gets paid $45 for 5 hours.
Cans 60 120 180 360 720 Hours 1 2 3 4 5
Minutes 5 10 15 30 60 Dollars $9.00 $18.00 $27.00 $36.00 $45.00

c. Ten yards of fabric costs $40; how much do 6 yards d. If a boat takes 10 hours to travel 300 km, how long
cost? $24.00 does it take to travel 120 km? 4 hours

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Order of Operations, p. 24

1. a. 75; b. 400; c. 130; d. 1177; e. $203.30 6. a. 4,500 + 8,900

b. 98 − 45
2. a. 40; b. 30; c. 14 c. 45 ÷ 5
d. 80 × 20
3. a. 1632; b. 72,300;
e. (140 + 90) × 15
c. 0 d. 240;
f. (150 − 15) ÷ 3
4. a. < b. < c. = d. < e. > f. = g. 7 × (1200 ÷ 40)
h. 30 × 25 + 660 ÷ 11
5. a. 35 × 4 + 20 × 3 = 200; b. 8,000 − 250 × 4 = 7,000

The Four Operations, p. 25

1. a. 1,200 + 95 = 1,295 b. 30 + x = 120 c. x + 823 = 2,000

95 + 1,200 = 1,295 x + 30 = 120 823 + x = 2,000
1,295 – 95 = 1,200 120 – 30 = x 2,000 – x = 823
1,295 – 1,200 = 95 120 – x = 30 2,000 – 823 = x

2. a. 3 × 400 = 1,200 b. 30 × N = 150 c. N × 40 = 240

400 × 3 = 1,200 N × 30 = 150 40 × N = 240
1,200 ÷ 3 = 400 150 ÷ 30 = N 240 ÷ N = 40
1,200 ÷ 400 = 3 150 ÷ N = 30 240 ÷ 40 = N

3. a. a = 11,028 − 1,293 = 9735 4. a. x = 10 − 7 = 3; x = 100 − 34 = 66;

b. y = 45,392 − 2,803 = 42,589 x = 1,283 − 595 = 688
c. b = 250 − 130 − 50 = 70 b. x = 8 + 4 = 12; x = 20 + 130 = 150;
d. N = 728 ÷ 7 = 104 x = 2,938 + 4,083 = 7021
e. M = 252 ÷ 2 = 126 c. y = 5 × 3 = 15; y = 10 × 34 = 340;
f. N = 1000 ÷ 20 = 50 y = 16 × 93 = 1488

5. a. > b. > c. < d. < e. < f. >

Order of Operations, p. 26

1. a. 49 b. 64 c. 10,000 d. 243 4. e. 116 2/3 f. 240,000,000

e. 0.01 f. 146.41 g. 1
5. a. 3 × 3 + 3 = 12 3−3×3=0
2. a. 32 b. 343 c. 272 d. 25 e. 6,960,000 b. 3 − 3 + 3 = 3 (3 × 3 + 3) × 3 = 36
c. 3 ÷ 3 + 3 = 4 3×3−3−3=3
3. Order of Operations
1) parenthesis. 6. a. 1.31 b. 47.12 c. 79368.98 d. 49
2) Multiplication and Division e. 0.32072992700 or rounded to
3) Addition and Subtraction. 7 decimals 0.3207299 f. 0.95
4. a. 1,051 b. 800 c. 6,400 d. 1 7. a. 1 b. 2 2/3 c. 8 2/3

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Addition and Subtraction, p. 27

1. a. x + 120 = 180 and 180 – x = 120. x = 60. 4. a. 76 + x + 142 = 384. x = 384 – 76 – 142 = 166.
b. x – 120 = 180 and 120 + 180 = x. x = 300. b. x + x + 55 = 105. x = 25.
c. 12 kg + 15 kg + 27 kg + x = 56 kg. x = 2 kg.
2. a. Add to find x. 10, 71, 4532. d. x + 9380 + 3928 = 93,450.
b. Subtract to find x. 16, 281, 18,942 x = 93,450 – 9380 – 3928 = 80,142.
c. Subtract to find x. 17, 630, 17,587 e. Equation: T – 14 = 74. T = 88.
The temperature was before 88 degrees.
3. a. 14 + 18 + 7 = 7 + 18 + 14.
b. x + 198 = 445; x = 445 - 198 = 247.
c. 34 + 19 = 53; 53 – 19 = 34 and 53 – 34 = 19.

Multiplication and Division, p. 28

1. a. 6 × y = 96. y = 16. b. y ÷ 6 = 96. y = 576. 4. a. 56 ÷ 8 = 7. b. N = 450 ÷ 50 = 9.

c. 6 × y + 12 = 78. y = 11. d. 6 × 12 + y = 78. y = 6. c. N = 762 ÷ 6 = 127
2. a. 450 ÷ 30 = 15; 450 ÷ 30 = 15. 5. a. 4, 220, 67 b. 15, 1200, 435 c. 9, 40, 244
b. 520 ÷ 2 = N; 520 ÷ N = 2. N = 260.
c. 365 ÷ 5 = N; 365 ÷ N = 5. N = 73. 6. a. First do 298 - 142, then divide the result by 4.
In other words, x = (298 – 142) ÷ 4 = 39.
3. a. 7 × 30 = 210. b. N = 12 × 80 = 960. b. Similarly, first do 230 – 120, and
c. N = 28 × 73 = 2044. divide the result by 2. x = 55.

Four Operations Review, p. 29

1. a. 47 b. 798 c. 634 R 6 d. 22 R20 5. a. Anything where 0 is a factor goes. For example,

e. 0.61 f. 0.065 289 × 0, 8 × 78 × 0 and 5.29 × 0 × 0.23
2. a. 247.13 b. 96,280 c. 920.859 d. 790.11 b. For example 88 ÷ 8; 495 ÷ 45; 69.3 ÷ 6.3
3. a. 931 b. 267 c. For example 201 + 240 + 250 + 202 = 893.
4. a. 293 b. 8 c. 49

Exponents, p. 30
4. a. 1,600 b. 169 c. 360,000 sq. ft d. 361 sq. in.
1. a. 26 = 64 b. 85 = 32768 c. 182 = 324 e. 6,400 cm2
d. 104 = 10,000 e. 98 = 43,046,721 f. 113 = 1,331
5. a. 64 b. 1,000 c. 1,000,000 cu. in. d. 8000 cm3
2. a. 9 b. 100 e. 1331 cu. ft.
c. 1 d. 8
e. 64 f. 64 6. a. area 122 km2 = 144 km2.
g. 1,296 h. 225 b. volume 133 in3 = 2,197 cu. in.
i. 1,000,000 j. 0
k. 125 l. 1,000,000,000 c. volume 293 in3 = 24,389 cu. in.
d. area 2.142 m2 = 4.5796 m2 OR
area 2142 cm2 = 45,796 cm2
3.

a. b. c. d.
100 = 1 10 = 1 20 = 1 50 = 1
101 = 10 11 = 1 21 = 2 51 = 5
102 = 100 12 = 1 22 = 4 52 = 25
103 = 1,000 13 = 1 23 = 8 53 = 125
104 = 10,000 14 = 1 24 = 16 54 = 625
105 = 100,000 15 = 1 25 = 32 55 = 3,125
106 = 1,000,000 16 =1 26 = 64 56 = 15,625

12
Square Roots, p. 31

1. a. 3 cm b. 2 in c. 4 km d. 7 ft 4. a. 4 b. 10 c. 6 d. 5
2. a. 3 b. 10 c. 8 d. 6 e. 11 f. 2 5. a. 17.55 b. 7.89 c. 17.11
g. 0 h. 100 i. 12 j. 13 k. 20 l. 30 d. 19.68 e. 79.74 f. 0.71
m. 1 n. 5 o. 15 p. 40 q. 90 r. 1,000
6. area 6.25 cm2 b. perimeter 12.65 cm
3. a. 3.16 b. 4.47 c. 5.48 d. 22.36 e. 2.65 f. 1.41

Order of Operations, p. 32

3. a. 100 − (50 − 50) = 100

1) Solve what is inside parentheses. b. 200 ÷ (10 + 10) + 5 = 15
c. (50 + 50) × 4 − 10 = 390
2) Solve exponents and square roots.
4. a. 185 b. 1,001 c. 14,400 d. 170
3) Solve multiplication and division from left to right. e. 200 f. 3,150 g. 49 h. 40 i. 1
4) Solve addition and subtraction from left to right. 5. a. 20,000 − 7 × 500 = 16,500
b. 6 × 70 + 5 × 120 = 1,020
2. a. Order does matter. Answer 4.
2 × (24 ÷ 6) ÷ 2 is 4, and 2 × 24 ÷ (6 ÷ 2) is 16. 6. a. 27 + 53 + 104 = 10,253
b. 5 × 1003 − 2 × 105 =
b. Order does matter. Answer 4. 5,000,000 − 200,000 = 4,800,000
8 × 8 ÷ 4 ÷ 4 is 4, and so is 8 × (8 ÷ 4) ÷ 4,
but 8 × 8 ÷ (4 ÷ 4) is 64. 7. a. 2 × (3.2 + 5.3) = 17 b. (1,900 − 565) ÷ 5 = 267

c. Order does matter. Right answer 100. 8. 2,599 times. Actually, you will not
20 × 4 ÷ 4 ÷ 2 × 10 is 100, as is 20 × (4 ÷ 4) ÷ 2 × 10. hit zero but 4, and then you can't
But 20 × 4 ÷ 4 ÷ (2 × 10) is 1, subtract more.
and 20 × 4 ÷ (4 ÷ 2) × 10 is 400.

Distributive Property, p. 33

1. a. 6 × (7 + 30) = 222.
b. 5 × (120 − 12) = 540.
c. 9 × (40 + 11) = 459.
d. 7 × (3,000 − 200) = 19,600.
c.
2. a. 7 × 5 + 7 × 0.6 = 35 + 4.2 = 39.2
b. 6 × 200 − 6 × 10 = 1,200 − 60 = 1,140
c. 11 × 20 + 11 × 4 + 11× 0.3 =
220 + 44 + 3.3 = 267.3
d. 4 × 700 − 4 × 20 − 4 × 1 = 2,800 − 80 − 4 = 2,716 6. a. In the problem 7 × 86, you first multiply 7 × 6, and
then 7 × 80. Then you will add the tens from 7 × 6 to
3. a. 700 − 7 = 693. b. 600 − 12 = 588. the result of 7 × 80. So you multiply in parts, and
c. 500 + 20 = 520 d. 5,000 − 10 = 4,990 lastly add.
e. 4,000 − 4 = 3,996. f. 14,210
b. You first multiply 3 × 54, then 20 × 54, and lastly add.
4. b. 4 × 9 = 4 × 5 + 4 × 4.
c. 8 × 13 = 8 × 3 + 8 × 10. When doing 3 × 54, you first go 3 × 4, then 3 × 50,
and add the tens from 3 × 4 to the result of 3 × 50.
5. a. When doing 20 × 54, you first go 20 × 4, then 20 × 50,
and add the hundreds from 20 × 4 to the result
of 20 × 50.
b. So it is all multiplying in parts.

13
Distributive Property, p. 34

1. b. 7(8 + 5) = 7 × 8 + 7 × 5 c. 4(x + 5) = 4x + 4 × 5 5. a. 8 × (2 + 500) = 4016

b. 7 × (200 − 0.4) = 1397.2
2. a. 2(10 − 4) = 2 × 10 − 2 × 4 b. 3(x − 7) = 3x − 3 × 7 c. 4 × (100 − 20 + 5) = 340 d. 9(y + z)
c. 9(x − y) = 9x − 9y e. 7(a − b + c) f. 8(x + 8)
3. a. 6 × 7 + 6 × 0.2 b. 6x + 6 × 10 6. a. = 500 − 10 = 490
c. 2x + 2 × 5 d. 4 × 110 + 4 × 40 + 4 × 3 b. 8 × (1000 − 1) = 8000 − 8 = 7992
e. 8x − 8y f. 4 × 8 − 4w − 4z c. 4 × (20 + 0.5) = 80 + 2 = 82
g. y × 2 + y × z h. ab − ac + 4a i. 4t + 4r − 4s d. 8 × (21 + 0.4) = 168 + 3.2 = 171.2
e. 4 × ( 50 − 1) = 200 − 4 = 196
4. b. 5 × (x + y); 5x + 5y c. x × (12 + 4); 12x + 4x
f. 3 × (3000 + 20 + 8) = 9000 + 60 + 24 = 9084

Divide a Sum or a Difference, p. 35

1. a. 46 b. 48 c. 9 d. 19 e. 106
1 2 1
f. 18 g. 2,300 h. 54 i. 91 j. 11 ft 7 in 4. g. 2 kg g h. 3 gal 7 oz i. 19 lb 5 oz
k. 8 lb 3 oz l. 3 L 50 mL 2 5 2
4 1
2. a. 206 b. 203 c. 103 d. 201 e. 502 j. 9 ft 1 in k. 6 ft 1 in l. 16 gal 1 qt
5 3
3 4 3 11 5
3. a. 5 + 5 b. 12 + 12 + 12 5. a. 1/2 b. 3 c. 1/7 d. 1/3
11 5 64 20 250 −3 3 7
c. 8 − 8 d. 100 − 100 6. a. = 25 − =24
10 10 10
11 − 3 1 3 3
4 7 6
b. =2 − =1
4. a. 3 b. 4 c. 10 5 5 5 5
5 11 7
2 3 7
d. 7 e. 6 lb oz f. 1 ft in
5 4 10

Properties of the Four Operations 1, p. 36

1.
The order of addends does not matter.
→ The commutative property of addition.
Example: 56 + 9 = 9 + 56
Parentheses are not needed when three or
more numbers are added. → The associative property of addition
Example: (3 + 15) + 4 = 3 + (15 + 4) = 3 + 15 + 4

2. a. = the commutative property of multiplication. 6. a. 7 × 100 + 7 × 30 = 700 + 210 = 910.

b. ≠ b. 11 × 10 + 11 × 6 = 110 + 66 = 176.
c. = . The associative property of multiplication. c. 8 × 2 + 8 × 0.9 = 16 + 7.2 = 23.2
d. ≠ d. 4 × 900 + 4 × 60 + 4 × 3 = 3,600 + 240 + 12
= 3,852
3. No, it doesn't. 10 − 5 is not the same as 5 − 10. e. 7 × 3 + 7 × 0.5 + 7 × 0.08 = 21 + 3.5 + 0.56
And 1 ÷ 5 is not the same as 5 ÷ 1. = 25.06
f. 8 × 2,000 + 8 × 40 + 8 × 0.6 = 16,000 + 320 + 4.8
4. No, it doesn't. 10 − (5 − 4) is 9, but (10 − 5) − 4 is 1.
= 16,324.8
(60 ÷ 12) ÷ 4 is 1 1/4, but 60 ÷ (12 ÷ 4) is 20.
7. Distributive property is useful here, or
5. a. 4 × (50 + 550) = 4 × 600 = 2,400.
in other words, multiplying in parts.
b. 3 × (118 + 12) = 3 × 130 = 390.
a. 1,020; 1,208; 2,135 b. 4.8; 9.6; 16.1
c. 10 × (34 + 7 + 22) = 10 × 63 = 630.
c. 8,400; 4,832; 56 d. 16,328; 33; 17.1
d. 5 × (23 + 17) = 5 × 40 = 200.

14
Properties of The Four Operations 2, p. 37

1. a. Yes b. No c. Yes d. No 7. a. yes - because x − x is 0,

and adding zero to 45 is still 45.
2. a. commutative property of addition. b. yes. 30x + 40x is 30 x's and 40 x's - total of 70 x's.
c. commutative property of multiplication c. Not in general but it depends on what values
x and y get. If x = 2 and y = 3, then the
3. a. Yes; (4 + 7) + 3= 14; 4 + (7 + 3) = 14
expressions won't be equal. If x and y have
b. Yes; (10 + 7) − 3 = 14; 10 + (7 − 3) = 14
the same value, then they are equal.
c. No; (13 − 7) − 3 = 3; 13 − (7 − 3) = 9
d. Yes. Both expressions are zero.
4. associative property of addition e. Not in general. s ÷ 1 is s, and s ÷ s is 1.
f. Yes. In the expression 14(1)w you can multiply
5. 36 ÷ ( 18 ÷ 2) = 4. (36 ÷ 18) ÷ 2 = 1. 14 and 1 to get 14, so this expression is equal
to 14w. And in the expression 2w(7), you can
6. a. 0, 0, 0 b. 1, 1, 1 c. 0, 0, 0 d. 0, 0, 0 e. 1, 1, 1 multiply 2 and 7 to get 14, so this expression
is equal to 14w.
8. Does any of the properties of arithmetic state that 5 + 2 + 75 is equal to 75 + 5 + 2? No.
So how do we know it's true? For each step, provide the reasoning.
(5 + 2) + 75 This is our starting expression, since 5 + 2 + 75 means 5 + 2 is done first.
= 5 + (2 + 75) Reason: associative property of addition
= 5 + (75 + 2) Reason: commutative property of addition
= (5 + 75) + 2 Reason: associative property of addition
= (75 + 5) + 2 Reason: commutative property of addition

Multiplication Word Problems, p. 38

1. a. 12 × 6 + 7 × 10 c. 12 × 39 + 17 × 9 = 621
b. 42 × 7 + 36 d. 500 × 20 + 500 + 10 × 45 = 10,950 kg
c. 5,000 – 7 × 50 – 27 e. $100.00 – 5 × $4.58 – 7 × $2.83 = $57.29
f. 365 – 30 – 2 × 31 = 273
2. a. 5 × $1.99 + 7 × $1.28 = $18.91 g. 160 × $11.00 + 55 × $15.00 = $2,585.00
b. 8 × $1.25 + 8 × $1.64 + 8 × $0.79 = $29.44 h. (18 × 8) × $11.00 + 22 × $15.00 = $1,914.00

Money, p. 39
1 kg Mandarins $3.00
1. a. Estimate: $26.50 5 x Beans $4.50 1 kg Apples $2.00
b. $0.87 Milk 1/2 gal $2.00 3. a. 50 – 5 × $2.35
1 kg Grapes $7.00
c. $1.34 = $38.25
7 x Dog food $9.50 3 kg Bananas $3.60
d. $26.48 b. 25 ÷ 5 – $2.05
e. $0.02 Broccoli $2.00 = $2.95 Estimate:
Chicken $5.50 Total Bill $15.60
Toilet paper $3.00
4. a. $47.04 b. $0.25 + $0.15 = $0.40
2. a. $11.45 c. $168.00 d. $35.00
b. $13.98
c. $3.57;
d. Estimate: $15.60

Part of a Whole, p. 40
2. e.
1. a. 11; 22; b. 70; 140;
c. 40; 160; d. 200; 600; Color Part Amount
Blue 1/5 50
2. a. 9; b. 8/20; 7/20; c. 190 d. 12;
f. 15 hours; g. 12 cm; h. 40cm; Turquoise 1/10 25
i. $412.50; j. $743.00 White 1/2 125
Green 2/10 50

15
Word Problems, p. 41

1. a. Of each 2-meter piece, a 0.7-meter piece is left over.

There are 10 such pieces, so they would form a 7-meter piece.
b. For 10 pieces to be joined, there are 9 seams. So the material lost in the seams is 9 × 3 cm = 27 cm.
Instead of 7-meter piece, they form therefore a piece 6 m 73 cm long.
2. A car travels 54 miles per hour. Fill the table.

Miles 9 miles 18 miles 27 miles 54 miles 108 miles 135 miles 162 miles
Time 10 min 20 min 30 min 1 hour 2 hours 2 1/2 hours 3 hours

a. 486 miles b. about 10 hours c. 1/2 hour; 15 min; 7 1/2 min; 37 1/2 min d. 8:22 AM
3.

Serves (people) 6 12 18 24 30 42 48
butter 1/2 cup 1 cup 1 1/2 cups 2 cups 2 1/2 cups 3 1/2 cups 4 cups
sugar 1 cup 2 cups 3 cups 4 cups 5 cups 7 cups 8 cups
eggs 2 3 5 6 8 11 12
flour 1 1/2 cups 3 cups 4 1/2 cups 6 cups 7 1/2 cups 10 1/2 cups 12 cups

4. Double the amounts in the last column 5. c. A two-way trip takes 1 1/2 hours,
of the table: 8 cups butter, so all total the trips take 19 1/2 hours.
16 cups sugar, 24 eggs, 24 cups flour. 19.5 × $11.50 = $224.25.
5. a. 34 buses b. 569 / 43 = 13 R 10, so 6. If one apple weighs 1/4 kg, then the 36 apples in
they need 14 buses to fit all the people. a box weigh 9 kg. 2,350 ÷ 9 = 261.11... so they
Four buses need to make two trips, don't quite fit in 261 boxes. He needs 262 boxes.
and six buses one trip.

Review 1, p. 42

1. a. > ; b. > ; c. <; d. > 3. a. 900 km b. 1800 km c. 2,700 km

d. 450 km e. 4,050 km f. 4,950 km
2. a. x = 6; x = 1378; g. 7 hours h. 6 hours i. 6 1/2 hours
b. x = 21; x = 15,817
c. x = 45; x = 26,608; 4. See the table below.
d. M = 40; M = 84;
5. a. (200 − 30) ÷ 5 = A and 5 × A + 30 = 200. A = 34 kg.
e. N =550; N = 3,808;
b. 200 − 5 × 30 = A and 5 × 30 + A = 200. A = 50 kg.
f. x = 16; x = 56
The diagram on top right corner belongs to problem a.
4.
Time 15 min 30 min 1 hour 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours 5 hours
Area mown
1,250 2,500 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000
(square feet)

16
Review 2, p. 43

1. What do you notice?

The points fall on a line.

n 2n +1
0 1
1 3
2 5
3 7
4 9
5 11
6 13
7 15
8 17
9 19
10 21

2. a. $21.50 b. $0.35 c. $0.24

d. $2.04 e. $21.53 f. $0.03
3. a. 3 hr 22 min b. 4 hr 1 min
c. 149 days d. 7 years 2mos.
e. 10:25 f. 10 years old g. 3:35

Review, p. 44

1. a. (260 + 64) ÷ 3 = 108 e. Edith gives $115 to charity and $276 for taxes.
b. x ÷ 8 = 45. x = 8 × 45 = 360. After those, $989 is left.
c. x − 78 = 249. x = 327.
d. A × 14 = 5,208. A = 372. f. 75 crates.

2. a. 6 ft − 45 in = 720 in − 45 in = 675 in. g. The store bought each TV for $350, and sold
Dividing that by 5 we get 135 in, or 11 ft 3 in. them for $399.99 so the profit was $49.99 per TV.

b. $90 ÷ 8 = $11.25 3. a. 26 lb b. 7 kg 750 g

c. 9 m 22 cm d. 3858 in, or 321 ft 6 in.
c. One shirt costs $6.60. Five shirts cost $33. e. 750 mL f. 64 oz + 45 oz + 8 oz = 117 oz,
or 3 qt 21 oz, or 3 qt 1 pt 5 oz.
d. 15 m is 1500 cm. 1500 cm ÷ 28 = 53 R16,
so you can cover 53 books.
After covering them, 16 cm is left over.
If you use 30 cm per book, you can cover exactly
50 books and none is left over.

17