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CH 6 Geo Class 10TH

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21 views5 pages

CH 6 Geo Class 10TH

Uploaded by

arunsharma2131977
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER-6 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

SHORT ANSWERS: -

Q1)What is manufacturing?
Answer: -Manufacturing is the process in which goods are produced in large quantities after
processing the various raw materials.
Q2)What are basic industries? Give an example.

Answer: -Basic industries are those which supply their raw materials to industries which
manufacture other goods. An example is the iron and steel industry which supplies steel to
the automobile industry.
Q3)Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement?

Answer: -The important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement are limestone,
silica, alumina and gypsum.
Q4)Name any three physical factors for the location of the industry.
Answer: -The three physical factors that affect location of industries are the following:
(a) Availability of raw-materials, (ii) Availability of labour, (iii) Climate.

Q5)Name any three human factors for the location of an industry.


Answer: -The three human inputs that control location of industries are the following:
(i) Available labour force.
(ii) Capital and transport facilities.
(iii) Government policies.

Q6)“Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand.” Explain.


Answer: After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Some industries are located
in and around the cities. Thus industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand. Cities
provide markets, services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and
financial advice, etc. to industries.

Q7)What are ‘agglomeration economies’ in the industrial context?


Answer: Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by
the urban centres known as ‘agglomeration economics’. Gradually, a large industrial
agglomeration or clustering takes place around an urban centre.

Q8)Why is iron and steel industry called the basic or key industry? Explain.
Answer:-1)Since all the other industries—heavy, medium and light, depend on it for their
machinery.

2)Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods.


3)Steel is needed for construction material, defence and medical equipments.
4)Steel is needed for telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods.
5)Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country’s
development.

LONG ANSWERS:-
Q1) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What
problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in
the production capacity?
Answer: -(i) Integrated Steel Plants are large plants which handle everything in
one complex – from putting together raw material to steelmaking, rolling and
shaping.
Mini Steel Plants are smaller, have electric furnaces, use mainly steel scrap and
sponge iron as inputs. They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well. They
produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications.
Problems of Steel Industry:
• High costs and limited availability of cooking coal.

• Lower productivity of labour.

• Irregular supply of power.

• Poor infrastructure.

Following are some recent developments that have led to a rise in the production
capacity:

• Liberalisation
• Foreign direct investments (FDI) with the efforts of private entrepreneurs.

• Improvement in the production process by the use of newer technologies.

2. How do industries pollute the environment?

Solution : Industries are responsible for four types of pollution – air, water, land
and noise pollution. Following are the various reasons:

• Air pollution is caused by the presence of a high proportion of undesirable


gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.

• Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and


effluents discharged into riversp.• Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot
water from factories and thermal plants are drained into rivers and ponds before
cooling.

• Wastes from nuclear plants cause cancer, birth defects and miscarriages.

• Dumping of wastes especially, glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents,


packaging, salts and other garbage renders the soil useless.

• Noise pollution is caused due to industrial and construction activities, factory


equipment, generators, electric saws, drills and other machinery.

3. Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by


industry?

Solution : The steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by


industry are :

• To control water pollution, industrial effluents need to be treated on all three


levels (primary, secondary and tertiary); the use of water for processing should
be minimised via reuse and recycling; rainwater can be harvested to meet water
requirements, and groundwater usage should be regulated by law.

• For the minimisation of air pollution, smokestacks should be fitted to factories


with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
Also, smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal.
• Noise pollution can be controlled by fitting generators with silencers,
redesigning machinery to reduce noise, and using earplugs and earphones
besides other noise absorbing material.

Q4)“Manufacturing industry is considered the backbone of economic


development of India.” Give reasons.

Answer: Importance of manufacturing industries for India:

A)It helps in modernizing agriculture, which is the base of our economy.

B)It reduces heavy dependence on agricultural income by providing jobs in non-


agricultural sectors.

C)Industrial development is necessary for eradication of poverty and


unemployment because people get jobs and generate more income.

D)Export of manufactured goods expands trade and brings in much needed


foreign exchange.

E)Industries bring riches faster to a nation because manufacturing changes raw


materials into finished goods of a higher value, so industrial development brings
prosperity to the country.

Q5) “Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other, but move hand
in hand.” Give arguments in favour of this statement.

Answer: -Agriculture and industry in India are inseparable or interdependent


on each other:

1. Agro-industries in India have boosted agriculture by raising its


productivity.
2. Industries depend on agriculture for their raw materials, e.g. cotton
textile industry.
3. Industries provide many agricultural inputs like irrigation pumps,
fertilisers, insecticides, PVC pipes, machines and tools etc. to the
farmers.
4. Manufacturing industries have assisted agriculturists to increase their
production and also made the production processes very efficient.
5. Development of different modes of transport by industrial sector has
not only helped farmers to obtain agricultural inputs but has also
helped them trade their products.

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