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Dengue Lecture

Lecture about Dengue

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14 views

Dengue Lecture

Lecture about Dengue

Uploaded by

iamseksi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JESSA D.

SARABIA BSN 4-A

DENGUE LECTURE

WHAT IS DENGUE?
Dengue fever is an illness you can get from the bite of a mosquito carrying
one of four types of dengue virus (DENV). The virus is most commonly
found in tropical and subtropical regions, including Central and South
America, Africa, parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands.

WHO DOES DENGUE FEVER AFFECT?


Dengue is most commonly found in Central and South America, Africa, parts
of Asia and the Pacific Islands. A few parts of the U.S. also have dengue.
Those living in or traveling to these regions — more than half the people in
the world — are most at risk.
HOW COMMON IS DENGUE FEVER?
Research estimates that nearly 400 million people get infected with dengue
each year, but most (about 80%) have no symptoms.

SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES


Most dengue infections don’t cause symptoms. If you do have symptoms,
high fever (104°F/40°C) is typical, along with:
 Rash.
 Intense pain behind your eyes.
 Nausea or vomiting.
 Muscle, bone and joint pain.
Dengue fever symptoms start to appear four to 10 days after a mosquito bite
and can last three to seven days. About 1 in 20 people sick with dengue will
develop severe dengue after their initial symptoms begin to fade.
JESSA D. SARABIA BSN 4-A

Severe dengue is a medical emergency


that can be fatal. If you have dengue or
live in an area where dengue is common,
go to the nearest ER immediately if you
experience any of these symptoms:
 Stomach Pain
 Frequent vomiting.
 Throwing up or blood in your
poop (stool).
 Nose Bleed or bleeding gums.
 Extreme tiredness, restlessness or
irritability.

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS


Dengue fever is diagnosed with a blood
test. Your healthcare provider will take a
sample of blood through a vein and send
it to a lab to look for signs of dengue
virus. This may also identify which of the
four versions you have.

HOW TO MANAGE SYMPTOMS

 Keeping yourself hydrated by drinking plenty of water and fluids.


 Getting as much rest as possible.
 Treating pain with acetaminophen (like Tylenol®) only.
 Do not take ibuprofen like Advil®) or aspirin. This can increase your
risk of life-threatening internal bleeding.
JESSA D. SARABIA BSN 4-A

HOW TO PREVENT?
 Use EPA-registered insect repellents that contain 20% to 30% DEET.
 Cover exposed skin outdoors, especially at night when mosquitos are
more likely to be around.
 Remove standing water (buckets or barrels, bird baths, old tires that
may hold rainwater) and fill low spots where water can pool.
 Keep mosquitos outside of your home by repairing holes in screens
and keeping windows and doors closed if possible.
 Use mosquito netting at night in areas where dengue is common.
JESSA D. SARABIA BSN 4-A

ANAPHYLAXIS/ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

WHAT IS ANAPHYLAXIS?
Anaphylaxis causes the immune system to release a flood of chemicals that
can cause you to go into shock — blood pressure drops suddenly and the
airways narrow, blocking breathing. Signs and symptoms include a rapid,
weak pulse; a skin rash; and nausea and vomiting.

DIAGNOSIS
Your provider might ask you questions about previous allergic reactions,
including whether you've reacted to:
 Particular foods
 Medications
 Latex
 Insect stings
To help confirm the diagnosis:
 You might be given a blood test to measure the amount of a certain
enzyme (tryptase) that can be elevated up to three hours after
anaphylaxis
 You might be tested for allergies with skin tests or blood tests to help
determine your trigger
Many conditions have signs and symptoms similar to those of anaphylaxis.
Your provider might want to rule out other conditions.

TREATMENT
During an anaphylactic attack, you might receive cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) if you stop breathing or your heart stops beating. You
might also be given medications, including:
 Epinephrine (adrenaline) to reduce the body's allergic response
JESSA D. SARABIA BSN 4-A

 Oxygen, to help you breathe


 Intravenous (IV) antihistamines and cortisone to reduce
inflammation of the air passages and improve breathing
 A beta-agonist (such as albuterol) to relieve breathing symptoms

WHAT TO DO IN EMERGENCY?

If you're with someone who's having an allergic reaction and shows signs of
shock, act fast. Look for pale, cool and clammy skin; a weak, rapid pulse;
trouble breathing; confusion; and loss of consciousness. Do the following
immediately:
 Call 163 or emergency medical help.
 Use an epinephrine autoinjector, if available, by pressing it into the
person's thigh.
 Make sure the person is lying down and elevate the legs.
 Check the person's pulse and breathing and, if necessary, administer
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or other first-aid measures.

USING AN AUTOINJECTOR
Many people at risk of anaphylaxis carry an autoinjector. This device is a
combined syringe and concealed needle that injects a single dose of
medication when pressed against the thigh. Replace epinephrine before its
expiration date, or it might not work properly.
Using an autoinjector immediately can keep anaphylaxis from worsening and
could save your life. Be sure you know how to use the autoinjector. Also,
make sure the people closest to you know how to use it

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