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PRESTEL
2 2 Y 2 < 2 4 ¢ 2 2 2
\Y
 The Story of Emoji

Gavin Lucas

Munich : London -: New York

 CONTENTS
@ (isi Speaking in Pictures

Pi) Paving the Way

@ ¢ &* Emoji: Born in Japan Jeff Blagdon

YL@OS* Inspired by Emoji

ARK OS aoe Designer Characters

aeo Further Reading

Picture Credits

aao Acknowledgements

aoe Author Biography

las ss BJ B/E 2S) € =
SPEAKING IN PICTURES
Mankind’s earliest and most ancient
writing systems were based on
pictures. Now, it seems we've come
full circle and are again embracing
imagery and symbols in our written
(now typed) messages.
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846 Apple emoji from Apple's iOS 8.

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THE EVOLUTION OF THE phonetics, focusing on the sounds particular words or speech sounds,
DINGBAT of the spoken word rather than such as the universal symbol for
referencing physical objects to recycling €) in our everyday
Long before written language was communicate ideas. communications — thanks largely to
developed, humans drew pictures a set of internationally recognized
and created symbols to communicate Now, some 40,000 years since the symbols called emoji.
and record narratives. From crude earliest known cave paintings, we
paintings in caves to carved and exchange information using different If you use Twitter or send text
painted hieroglyphics and rebuses languages and alphabets, aided by messages, it’s highly likely that
(picture puzzles) on ancient home computers and mobile phones. you've used, or been sent, emoji. You
monuments and artefacts, drawn We can talk to or send text messages might even have received and sent
imagery — both figurative and to anyone anywhere on the planet. messages composed entirely of emo}i
symbolic — has long played a vital However, despite the sophistication — they’re the characters such as
role in the development of human of our written language systems, heart symbols @ & or smiley faces
civilization. The very first writing millions of us are still harnessing © that denote a whole range of
systems were buiit around characters the potency of symbols, pictograms emotions (from happy @, confused
and glyphs designed to visually (images or icons, such as the heart ©, sad @, fearful & and anxious@
reference what they represented. It symbol @, that convey meaning through to angry @@ and really angry
was the ancient Greeks who first through pictorial resemblance to the @). They also come in the form of
successfully abandoned visual cues physical objects they represent) and icons depicting foodstuffs @, animals
altogether as they developed an ideograms (written characters that B, office equipment gee, rain clouds
abstract form of writing that favoured symbolize ideas without indicating , flowers * and hundreds more.
Meee
/ IY XKRXXEL — v= ii Cm = E © O > & OBD™GxrePpase
AtTLOp#OViIe#UOX = arb) DOXx<4)OS We awS@ecrxOrOO
SE A EEK
SKK KOA DOSS SDDO@ mu ©OOOYJ#*NOKO:
KPEKY OBO’SS Oo (t>7AURRPOOLIE OKV OOK QOx
Se KY SK EEO SFM IS EQasa& tweed SA xOP Oe I
IK heok OK HE K x Hk ir 0 O-eMho@*nNexKOO DROP OS > 1X
KOS KOK KX @®eo5*+28YWVY Me ¥+D0Q€eD04V
KK OK ke ETO es XHLHKI Mp Qo RRALNEDHN
TOVCHOOO2QOO4 YQ POe Oa 4 KOABQOVRALN
& ADOKDOX<GOl{2OO aOn SVHINBO SOT LEDSA SIO
= Der QGOOOKOO!) BVEIX+e eR kaTY <BR AY Yyo®
DO*® ODO HAV>~> be @*%ererdrOO
You can access emoji characters system the following year, emo}! (crude rights-free illustrations that
through the keyboard on your smart- became a global phenomenon. used to come packaged with word-
phone and intersperse your typed processing programmes such as
communications with tiny images. That said, the idea of special, non- Microsoft Word) with that of the
letter characters that can be dingbat. Emoji were the first
The word ‘emoji’ comes from the interspersed with type was nothing collection of symbols and icons to
Japanese words for ‘picture’ (e) and new when emoji emerged. Anyone be widely usable using the keyboards
‘character’ (moji). The core set of who has used a home computer in of mobile communication devices.
emoji characters that has found its the last 20 years will probably have
way into the digital communication come across typefaces Zapf Dingbats Just as there are thousands of digital
devices of millions of people around or Wingdings and realized that they typefaces in use around the world
the world in recent years was first can integrate symbols and picto- today, so there are a huge variety
conceived of specifically for a mobile- grams Into bodies of text by of non-letter (often called ‘symbol’
phone provider in Japan in the late accessing these specialist ‘dingbat’ or ‘pi’) fonts, which roughly fall into
1990s. However, when 722 emoji fonts using their keyboard. Emoji are two distinct categories: those which
characters were included in version themselves a kind of dingbat — allow the user to create patterns
6.0 of Unicode (the computer industry non-alphabetical characters or and ornament, and those which
standard for encoding and displaying glyphs that can be typed. However, provide handy symbols, illustrations
most of the world’s writing systems) emoji aren't restricted to single- and graphic tools for use in specific
in 2010, and Apple subsequently colour icons in the same way that circumstances. Long before emoji
incorporated an easily accessed emoji dingbat characters are. It’s as if arrived on our smartphones, if you
keyboard in its i0S5 iPhone operating emoji fuse the concept of clip art needed a picture of a party balloon p

Goo He
Various characters
from Zapf Dingbats
Fleurons, or ‘printers’
flowers’.
$F (8 &
and Wingdings.

COR
SD SHEP reg
eho BMD O& & won
§2 GP C© oo a NE ae Seo
Cl eee

or the symbol for Mastercard @, commercially useful, so printers 20th century, says Paul Barnes of
well, you could find a dedicated and publishers (usually the same type foundry Commercial Type, the
symbol font for that. There’s even a person) started to use title pages at production of ornamental type
dingbat font that features dozens of the front of the book to display this characters went into decline. ‘For
record-label logos. Handy. information. These needed to look foundries selling type for hand
attractive to customers visiting their composition, lornament] was of huge
While the notion of gathering such shop, so a decorative woodcut with importance for the jobbing printers
marks and devices into typefaces a frame in which to print the title, they sold to, he explains, ‘whereas
has gained popularity in the digital author’s name and printer/publisher with machine composition primarily
age, the use of typeset ornaments was introduced. It was attractive to for books, magazines, et cetera, it
(also known as ‘fleurons’ or ‘printers’ look at as well, giving the essential wasn't so important. Ornament was
flowers’) is as old as printing itself. information about the book. Some increasingly out of fashion in the
As retired professor of Old and Middle printers used a bar with a geometric 20th century and the skills of using
English and author Peter J. Lucas design so that several pieces could ornament were dying out. It wasn’t
explains: ‘At the beginning of the era be set together to create a frame’ just a design skill but a composition
of printed books in Europe at the end skill and, with less and less hand-
of the 15th and beginning of the 16th For as long as typesetting was done setting, there was less and less time
century, books followed manuscript by hand, ornamentation in typesetting for ornament.
tradition and had a colophon at the was hugely popular and served to
end which stated the name of the help identify publications as being by This didn’t mean the end of
printer and usually the date and place particular publishers. But with the non-alphabetical or numerical
of publication. This was not very advent of machine typesetting in the characters. Instead, the emphasis
 Spread from an old
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switched from the ornamental to the early 1940s and since digitized by symbols created as fonts. A recent
practical as printers used graphic Andreu Balius [this was a dedicated catalogue from Monotype, one of the
elements for, as self-confessed type system of lines and other shapes world’s oldest, largest and most highly
obsessive Erik Spiekermann explains, created specifically for combining regarded type libraries and providers
a variety of tasks that, ‘can today be to form type or illustration, inspired of typography and related technol-
done using other graphic tools, like by the efforts of Catalan printers ogies, devotes some 34 pages to pi
the criss-cross pattern under a during the Spanish Civil War to and symbol typefaces encompassing
signature field or the black marks create modernist illustrations using everything from species of fish, signs
invalidating a carbon copy (remember whatever pieces of metal they had of the zodiac and foodstuffs to road
those?). These had to be composed to hand]. Futura, created in 1927, signs, dinosaurs, facial expressions
from bits of metal and the typographic had its own “typosignals”, with arrows, and decorative borders.
duodecimal system with its 1, 2,3, 4 squares, triangles, circles and other
and 6 dividers was the perfect way bits that could be combined into While many dingbats have a practical
to work out multiples and endless typographic illustrations’ use (the foundry Linotype’s Warning
combinations of these elements into Pi, for example, is a collection of
whole pages, strips or frames. Even When technology shifted again and hazard warnings for signage use),
complete typefaces could be made digital type came into being, printers others appear to have been created
up from graphic elements, like Super and designers were able to draw ona just for kicks: the dingbat is where
Veloz, created by Joan Trochut in the huge variety of specially designed type designers let their hair down.

Gee =e
 SuhAUAurSn?SP Se
aonce the most charming and the
hy

most dangerous diversion that the

typographer can find; charming
OeP
because ofits power to add beauty
to the strict simplicity of type;
dangerous because all matters of
fe decoration call upon the utmost
Wo discretion and sense of fitness for
their effective use. There are also
many ways of beautifying a page.
"ONE:
Before and during the early days
eS of printing illuminators carried
> . . . . .

over their arts into the printed

FY page, and since then woodcuts,
P
intaglio engraving & lithography
have all been used. But it is a
question whether any method can
DE
“> be so happily combined with
type as can ‘“‘printer’s flowers”’
which have been in use since the
Ds sixteenth century. These small
decorative units—the smaller and
simpler the better for use in
Oe combination—have the immense

Fa
A page from Frederic
Warde’s book Printers’

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Tae
Fas
CELSO NORE NORSTNSEE=IA
US
TIS]TS
Ornaments Applied

SOOO YZkes
ke
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to the Composition of
Decorative Borders,
Panels, and Patterns,
published in 1928 by
the Lanston Monotype
Corporation, Ltd.

is OOO
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as facial expressions, gesturing
and intonation that are present In
aNARBOMAL 3 Ss = g a) = S 3D
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face-to-face communication but

AAWHAMAAAS missing from textual exchanges. A
text message that reads ‘you're an
SMe X77 SOA 6S
aD BE
AD pay7} o
idiot’ is blunt and could be taken as

x®¥v A eOmmi® an insult. Add a®@, and the tone Is

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completely different.
KE®@OOQOBOAd EB
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GB BB
EB
ED
nanogast Ge + Another
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key to the popularity of emoji
ed Ss3
lies in their simplicity. However,
Examples of Linotype’s Warning Pi. Characters from Rian Hughes’ Box Office version 7.0 of the Unicode Standard
dingbat font. became available in the summer
of 2014 and it included the addition
They can even be a forum to do good, Making things simpler is, of course, of approximately 250 new emo}!
as the Font Aid series of collaborative a much wider trend in digital (though most of them were lifted
typefaces sold for charity communication. As we type from well-known dingbat fonts
demonstrates. messages using our mobile phones Wingdings and Webdings). And in
and tablets, we've been creating early 2015, Apple introduced the
Dingbats have also benefited from the linguistic shorthand for commonly ability to choose from a range of
demand for bespoke typefaces. Just used expressions such as LOL (laugh ‘ethnically diverse’ skin tones when
as companies want to commission out loud) and OMG (oh my God). using the hand symbols and some
and own unique corporate typefaces, Emoji have emerged as a fun visual of the face character emoji. This
some require their own sets of unique shorthand for a huge range of human complicates using these particular
symbols and icons. Prolific type emotions thanks to the many different emoji somewhat — not least because
designer Rian Hughes was originally versions of the yellow ‘smiley’ face it makes you really think about skin
commissioned by Radio Times as well as a wide variety of day-to- tone (there are five to choose from)
magazine to create his Box Office day objects, actions and activities. unless you simply choose the yellow
dingbat font for its TV and film Visual shorthand transcends written default. But realistically drawn yellow
listings. For the commercial release language in a way that textual hands look very weird. And surely the
available from his site, it has been shorthand simply can't. tiny image of two hands raised as if
augmented with an extended to receive a double high-five sent by
international set of icons covering a The power of emoji, and the key to text means ‘well done’ not ‘here is an
broader range of uses. ‘Dingbat fonts their growing number of users, lies in accurate representation of my hands.
are especially useful in situations how they allow textual messages to There is a danger that the larger the
like Radio Times’ listings because be combined with visual symbols that set of emoji becomes, or the more
they flow with the text box and are allude to the sender’s frame of mind complicated the ideas represented,
easily editable, says Hughes. ‘It’s at the time of sending, very simply the less intuitive they will be to use.
much simpler to choose a glyph from denoting whether they’re happy, sad, There are, however, new ways of
a font than find and insert an EPS angry, annoyed or tired. Emoji can, accessing and utilizing emoji that look
vector file’ to some extent, make up for the lack to address issues around ease of use
of visual conversational cues such as character sets expand. The global
 find the right emoji, but simply choose them in text messages have more
from a selection of word-relevant active sex lives than those that
emoji at any one time. don't. Dr Helen Fisher, a biological
10:13 AM anthropologist at Rutgers University
Jenny The idea of sending images embedded in New Jersey who led the study, told
in our text communications has TIME magazine, ‘It turns out that
clearly taken hold, but is it just a 94% of emoji users had sex in 2014
@ today!
ua0. oe
Any C2) ?
passing fad? It seems unlikely.
Combining word and image in digital
compared to 31% of singles who did
not. Her study even found that people
text messaging is too powerful a who have more sex tend to use emoji
AwesonE THATS .
communicative tool for us to more. Fisher’s study (which polled
abandon it anytime soon. On the 5,675 singles whose demographics
J

contrary, emoji and other illustrated were representative of the national

or graphic devices are fast becoming population, according to the U.S.
as important to the millions of Census) maintains that this held
people that use them tn their typed true across both men and women in
communications as the letters their twenties, thirties and forties.
and words they use — not simply
because they’re fun, cool or ‘Emoji users don’t just have more sex,
on-trend, but because they allow they go on more dates and they are
us to inflect added layers of humour, two times more likely to want to get
emotion and meaning into concise married, Fisher says. ‘62% of emoj|
textual messages. users want to get married compared
to 30% of people who never used an
Vyvyan Evans, a linguistics emoji. It seems that emoji make our
professor at Bangor University in short-form digital communications
Wales, suggests that emoji are the more powerful and, apparently,
fastest-growing form of language improve our love lives. Thanks, emoji!
of all time. His research suggests
The LINE app has an auto-suggest function that 72 per cent of people between
that suggests stickers and emoji as you type. the ages of 18 and 25 find it easier
to express their emotions if they
mobile messaging platform LINE use emoji. Furthermore, 50 per cent
(which has become known for its of the people in this age group
emoji and ‘stickers’) has developed believe that emoji enable them to
a nifty ‘auto suggest’ feature into its be better communicators.
messaging application that sees
suggested emoji pop up in response According to a rather different study
to certain words being typed — a kind by dating website match.com
of emoji equivalent of predictive text. published in early 2015, the emotional
This means that users don't have to expression facilitated by the use of Apple's range of ‘ethnically diverse’ skin tone

trawl through vast character sets to emoji means that people who use emoji choices was released in 2015.

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different contributors for Font Aid, a series of
collaborative typefaces that were sold to raise
money for charitable causes.

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 A comparison of
emoji characters on
different operating
systems: Apple,
Twitter, Microsoft,
Samsung, LG, Mozilla,
Google and EmojiOne
(open source).

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Apple Twitter Microsoft Samsung LG Mozilla Google EmojiOne

(open source)

1@
 LOST IN TRANSLATION social media app Instagram. However, Then there are simple cases of
if a text is being sent to someone mistaken identity. Apple users tend
Emoji were developed in Japan and reading it on a Windows device, the to think of the grinning face with
so, perhaps inevitably, the standard meaning might well be lost because smiling eyes emoji & as a grimace,
set includes various cultural a Microsoft aubergine emoji @ is and so tend to use it in that context.
references that don't quite translate considerably less suggestive. This is possibly because the
into Western ideology. Add to this the dedicated grimacing emoji @ is
fact that there are no hard and fast Additionally, there are some so similar.
rules regarding emoji interpretation — commonly used Apple emoji symbols
and that different brands are creating that have different meanings or can There’s also some confusion as to
their own proprietary emoji character be more or less potent depending on whether gl, symbolizes someone
sets, which all look slightly different different cultural points of view. For praying or a high five. Staying with
— and it becomes clear that there’s example, not many Westerners are hand gestures, Is(}j the symbol to
plenty of room for emoji-caused likely to use the & emoji, or realize choose if you’re suggesting that high
miscommunication. that in Japan it means ‘well done’ or praise is in order or is it to be used
‘you did very well’ when you want to receive a textual
The intended meaning of a particular two-handed high five?
emoji can become confused across Outside of Japan, it’s unlikely that
different operating systems because people would use the tengu mask The great thing about emoji is that
emoji look different depending on emoji @ to denote big-headedness or there is no wrong or right way to use
the OS or application used. The many conceit, though that’s invariably what them. This is why they’re so much
people who associate the use of it is used to represent. In Western fun, but also why there's plenty of
emoji with their Apple phones think culture, we’re more likely to assume room for misinterpretation. Despite
of emoji as looking a certain way. that the big-nosed, red-faced guy with the cross-platform issues, It’s
However, Microsoft, Google and the impressive eyebrows represents possible to communicate almost any
Twitter are among many companies anger and so are more likely to use it short message just using emo}!
that have commissioned their own in that context. without recourse to alphabet-based
emoji sets to give them a particular language at all - something no other
proprietary look and feel. Apple, for Another emoji regularly misconstrued dingbat or symbol font has really
example, put a smiley face on its pile by Westerners is the sleepy face emoji attempted to achieve, apart from a
of poo emoji @%. Google waived this €. It has a sad expression and what number of symbol fonts devoted to
jolly touch in favour of pushing the looks like a teardrop under the right sign language. There are even emoji-
stinky aspect by including a couple eye, so Westerners tend to use it as a only social networks where you
of buzzing flies @. crying emoji. But the droplet actually message in emoji characters. Whether
emanates from the nose area of the these become as popular as, Say,
Another potentially easily mis- face, because in Japanese anime the Twitter remains to be seen.
construed emoji across platforms is device of a snot bubble emerging from
the aubergine (or eggplant) emoji . one nostril shows that a character is
The Apple version has been used asleep — in a similar way to how
widely to indicate sexual attraction, Western cartoons might have the
for fairly obvious reasons, and letters ‘zzz’ emanating from a sleeping
because of that it is the only emoji character to suggest snoring.
that can’t be hashtagged on the
es GBA
PAVING THE WAY
Emoji weren't designed out of the blue.
They were preceded by numerous
cultural and literary phenomena and
reference points, from the ‘original
smiley’, to various attempts to
introduce expressive punctuation and
beyond, to kaomoji and ASC! art.
pPPPP
The interrobang
combines a question
mark and an
exclamation mark,
but hasn't gained
widespread usage. The percontation
point, a reversed
question mark, was
devised (and used) by
English printer Henry
& Denham in the late
16th century.

® The irony mark, an The ironieteken,

inverted exclamation designed by Bas
mark, as proposed Jacobs of type
by John Wilkins in foundry Underware.
his 1668 work
An Essay towards @
a Real Character
and a Philosophical
Language.

ww] American typographer

Choz Cunningham's
@ snark mark
— com-
prised of a full stop
followed bya tilde.

This is the love

point, one of several
punctuation marks
proposed by French
author Hervé Bazin
o) in his 1966 book
Plumons UOiseau.

Gee we
EXPRESSIVE PUNCTUATION Speckter was by no means the first mark that share the same point and
to propose a new typographic symbol form a heart shape — a device that
Now that the use of emoji and that could suggest tone of voice. could be used in messages of
emoticons to succinctly express Back in 1580, English printer Henry affection, not unlike the hearts
mood in typed messages is wide- Denham proposed (and used for available in the original emoji
spread, it seems astonishing that several years) a percontation point, character set.
the English language only really has or reversed question mark, to clearly
two commonly used punctuation mark rhetorical or ironic questions According to the exhaustive research
characters that denote expression that require no answer. of Keith Houston, author of Shady
or intonation. The question mark Characters: The Secret Life of
and exclamation mark, of course, In his 1668 work An Essay towards a Punctuation, Symbols and Other
are indispensable, but other similar Real Character and a Philosophical Typographical Marks (2013), American
functional glyphs that have been Language, another Englishman, the typographer Choz Cunningham is the
proposed simply haven't caught on clergyman and natural philosopher man responsible for the snark mark,
in popular use. There's the brilliantly John Wilkins (brother-in-law of Oliver a full stop followed by a tilde that
named interrobang —? —- acombi- Cromwell, no less), proposed that Cunningham proposed should be
nation of question mark and irony should be punctuated with an used to denote sarcasm. While this
exclamation mark that can be used inverted exclamation mark. In 2007 mark, like all the others listed above,
to punctuate rhetorical statements Dutch typographer Bas Jacobs of has failed to gain traction, it is formed
such as ‘Say what!?’ or ‘You’re telling type foundry Underware designed a by using two typographical glyphs
me you've never had a cheeseburger!?’ new irony mark called the /ronieteken. readily available in standard alpha-
It was devised by advertising man It also took the exclamation mark as betical fonts; you simply combine
Martin K. Speckter in 1962 in an a starting point, but kept it the usual them to create a new meaning. In
article written for TYPEtalks Magazine. way up and gave it a zigzag shape. other words, no new character needs
The interrobang featured in the Unfortunately, if two ironieteken are to be designed and introduced. It is
American Type Founders’ 1966 metal placed side by side, they look a little this concept that forms the basis
type Americana, and also as a key on like the Nazi SS logo — which might, for emoticons.
Remington Rand’s 1968 typewriters. on a psychological level, go some way
Although it’s not widely used, there towards explaining why they haven't
are no fewer than four variations of caught on.
the interrobang in Microsoft’s
Wingdings 2 typeface and it also French author Hervé Bazin proposed
appears in Lucida Grande, the default not one but a number of punctuation
font for many user interface elements marks in his book Plumons UOjseau
of Apple’s operating systems from (1966), including the love point, a
2001 to 2014. backwards and a forwards question

P:)¥T@
<:-) :-7 (=e :-X ~

ae (@ @) <|-)
of) <I-(
:-V *<:-)

:-V (8-0 Oo
O°.
Oe

*:0)

0!0

O |-)
8 :-l
 First published in
an “Coy
1648, Robert Herrick’s
poem ‘To Fortune’
Teare me totatters;> yet Hebe
Patient in my neceffitie,
features one of the Lauigh at my {craps of cloaths,and fhun
ne Me, asafear'dinfetion: => 9
earliest examples of Yet fearre-cr
nd Garlick chives not ( ow-like I'le walk, as one,
a printed emoticon For favours here to warme me, Neglecting thy derifion.
(albeit an uninten- Andnotbyfiretoharmeme. Aa
For gladding
fomy hearth here, To Anthea.
tional one). _ Withinoffenfivemirthhere;
That whilethe Waffaile Bowlehere Cc e4inthea, know thon this,
_ With North-down Ale dothtroule here, NL Love at no timeidleis :
No fillable doth fallhere, Let’s be doing, though we play
To marre the mirth at all here. Bat at puth-pin (half the day : )
Ch ains of fweet bents let us make,
For which, 6 Chinney-keepers!
_ (dare not call ye Sweepers) Captive one, or both, to take :
In which bondage we willlie,
SolongasTamable © Soules transfufing thus, and die, ~
To keep acovuntrey-table, i
Great be my fare, or {mall cheere,
Tie eat and drinkup all here. Cruelties.
Deniail in women no difeartning tomen, oh Ero commanded ; but withdrew his eyes ;
N From the beholding Death,: and cruelties. ef
i
. ,
Omen, although they nore fogoodly makeit, |
Their fathion ts, but co fayno,totakeit.. | Perfeverance.
noe 94
HGS os
S302
thou begun an a&? ne*re then give ore: -
man defpatres to do what's done before.
OY Ove 4 maintain’dby wealth;when allis{pent,
Aduerfity then breeds the difcontent,
Pia
To Fortune. g othe)
a ) ie V' » The how, where, when,
Umble me down, andIwill fit teal eS _ Thefe are the Children I have left ;
Uponmy tuines({miling yet?) _ Adopted fome ; none got
by th
Bip %: But all are toucht (like lawful)
sep the ere
’ aad
he d no Verfe illegitimat

EMOTICONS emoticon is the smiley face repre- in his poem ‘To Fortune, published
sented by a colon, dash and closed in 1648:
An emoticon (a composite of the bracket :-) known simply as the
words ‘emotion’ and ‘icon’) is a com- smiley emoticon. There can be no Tumble me down, and | will sit
bination of typographic characters doubt that the smiling yellow-face Upon my ruins, (smiling yet :)
hat look like a face when viewed side- emoji characters took inspiration from
ways. All emoticons are comprised the way emoticons were previously ‘Lest it be an aberration in the edition
of combinations of readily available being used in typed messages. | own, wrote Stahl in a blog post on
and familiar typographic marks and 13 April 2014, ‘l checked it against the
symbols, and are used to imply tone When or where the smiley emoticon new, authoritative two-volume edition
ina text or typed message where was first used is something of a of Herrick’s work edited by Tom Cain
body language, facial expressions or mystery. Poetry fan Levi Stahl and Ruth Connolly (Oxford University
vocal intonation aren't able to denote blogged in 2014 about his discovery Press, 2013). The emoticon is there.
the tenor of the communication. The of a possible emoticon used by Herrick’s poetry is rich in wit, he
most common and recognizable 17th-century poet Robert Herrick continues, ‘so it is not entirely out of

?:)*¥2e@ GBB
 g \ A New York Times transcript of an
ay Abraham Lincoln speech included
this accidental emoticon.

the bounds of possibility that this is brackets. A further two also contain
something more than a punctuational the word ‘laughter’, but neither
oddity’ includes an emoticon. Furthermore,
the final audience reaction note in
Although the context of the word the speech contains what looks to
‘smiling’ in this particular verse does be a punctuation typo, as a quote
perhaps suggest that Herrick (or the ends not with a quotation mark and
typesetter of his book) had used an a full stop, but with two commas
emoticon, Stahl failed to mention followed by a single quotation mark:
the various other incidences of ‘[cries of “No, no-go on,,]’. Type-
similar punctuation constructs setting inconsistency and punctuative
littered throughout Herrick’s collec- error appear to be the most likely
tion Hesperides (published in 1648), explanation for the supposed
including the one that appears in emoticon here.
the very next poem, ‘To Anthea’,
shown in the right-hand image on Less than 20 years after Lincoln’s
the previous page. Look at more speech transcript, in 1881 four
17th-century texts and it becomes vertical emoticons that covered the
clear that Herrick’s emoticon was emotions joy, melancholy, indiffer-
nothing more than coincidental. ence and astonishment were
published by Puck magazine in its
A New York Times transcript of an 30 March edition under the headline
Abraham Lincoln speech published ‘typographical art’. Here, we see
in 1862 contains a similar punctu- combinations of punctuation marks,
ation construct used next to the word full stops, parentheses and dashes
‘laughter’, which has led to specu- combined to create simple faces
lation that it should be read like an showing different emotions. They
emoticon. The transcript features the were accompanied by the presumably
phrase ‘(applause and laughter ;)’ tongue-in-cheek message, ‘We wish
as one of 14 instances of the crowd’s it to be distinctly understood that the
reactions to the speech that are letterpress department of this paper
included in brackets in the transcript. is not going to be trampled on by any
tyranical [sic] crowd of artists ...
There does seem to be an inconsis-
tency in these transcribed crowd However, perhaps the best-docu-
reactions: of the 14 included, two mented early and deliberate use of
appear in round parentheses, while emoticons in digital communications
the other 12 appear in square is by Scott Fahlman, a computer
 |
i _ able
, man such facilities gladly.”
“ But say she refuses to marry ?””
PUCK.
you to bring suit. They always give a| jewelry. The jailer has my life insurance policy.
T leave the court a poor but a free man.”
%
END OF THE WORLD,
“Say, what is there in this talk about Old
65

* k
“There is no precedent for a woman refus- The feminine character is everything that is Mother what-you-call-her, the conjugation of
ing to marry, in the law.” true, loyal, loving, noble and sincere. The the planets, and the world comin’ to an end
' At this point Mr. Ryan left to get his dinner, woman waited. They were married. Children this year?” asked a grizzled old ’4ger, stopping
and Mr. Burke indicated to the jailer his desire blessed their union, and now play sometimes Prof. Legate as he was twning the corner of
to take a lease of his cell (with privilege of with the gan which is waiting for Ryan in the G and Union streets with a big telescope under
_ renewal) and to fit it up on the installment hall. But the lawyer’s clerk has moved to his left arm. “Do you think the old world is
plan. Ohio, and has the people of the United States going to pass in her checks 2”
The next day Mr, Ryan made application at for a client just now. Mr. Burke says that the “Well,” said the Professor, “we certainly
one of the higher courts for a mandamus com- day that case is called up for trial in the Court have had, during the last year, some remark-
pelling the jailer to show cause why he should of Appeals, he will send Clerk Perrin a card able movements in the principal planets.”
not release Fortunatus. of which this is a copy: “ Anything liable to bust loose very soon ?””
“Tam going,” said Ryan, “to make this a “Before long. Let me see—at 9 o'clock on
| Test Case.” the night of April 21, Saturn will be in con-
Burke said he was sorry to hear it.
Me. and Mrs, Fartunatus Burke, junction with the sun,”
The jailer got five days to file answer, then Sv “Good for a starter. What next ?”
an extension of twenty, two postponements of “At 7 o'clock next morning Saturn and
| ten days each, and three privileges to “amend” Jupiter will be in conjunction.”
his reply, with three days along with each one, “Bully! That's business.”
“At g o'clock that morning Jupiter will
Meanwhile Mr, Burke languished in jail. Ryan
came to see him, spoke hopefully, and said: (Gbak dom't you forget it.) come into conjunction with the sun,”
“‘We must move slowly but surely. I will “Hurrah! All getting in their work on the
make the jailer pay the costs. This is some Ernesy Harvier. sun, I can see old Sol beginning to get shaky
satisfaction.” on his pins. What next?”
At the end of seven weeks the jailer filed his “On the second of May Venus comes into
answer, which was: 7 TYPOGRAPHICAL ART. conjunction with the sun.”
“ Demurrer to the complaint, as it is defect- “Glory! The old gal gets in her lick on
We wish it to be distinctly understood that the letter-
ive. Redress in equity is a suit against com- press department of this paper is not going to be trampled the sun, too. It's gettin’ hot now. Hit him
mitting magistrate. I am only his agent.”’ on by any tyranical crowd of artists in existence. We again, old gal!”
Mr. Burke was cast for $413.75 costs. mean to let the public see that we can Jay out, in owrown “On the 11th of May Neptune will be in
Mr, Ryan, however, continued to make it a typographical line, all the cartoonists that ever walked. conjunction with the sun,”
For fear of startling the public we will give only a small ““Tiptop; old Nep and all of ’em goin’
*‘ test case.” He carried it from one court to specimen of the artistic achievements within our grasp,
another; he took it from -the general term to by way of a first instalment. The following are from square at the sun, like so many butting billy
the special term; he wrote and filed 320 pages Studies in Passions and Emotions. No copyright. goats, I'll live to seeit yet. Who goes at him
of manuscript; he furnished bonds to the next ?” "
amount of $20,000, the arts of a Choate in
rea) aca nisin son “ray io “On the 14th of May Mercury comes into
law, a Fox in eloquence, and a Macchiavelli in
.
ht —
° —
om
°
8 conjunction, with the sun, and Uranus will be
we strategy, he employed unstintingly, At the at right angles,”
Joy. Melancholy. Indifference. Astonishment. ‘My what will be at right angles?”
end ofa year and a half he got the case to the
Court of Appeals, in Albany, and it was put
** Uranus,”
“The h--1! Then I'll be in the grand bust
“ peremptorily ’’ on the calendar for June 16th,
1386, With this cheering information he return- A NUISANCE AND ITS REMEDY. up, sure, Is that all ?””
“Those will be the principal occurrences.”
ed to poor Burke, who still languished in jail, — Virginia ( Ne.) Enterprise.
“Well,” said B.,‘‘what has all this thing cost?”
“Nothing! I brought it i forma pauperts. “Ts the Oilymargarine all out ?” asked farmer
Constructively, you are a tramp. That will Traddles of his wife at the breakfast table the
appear On the record if you are discharged. other morning. ‘‘ Yes,” replied the good wo-
“If?” said Burke. ‘Is it not all settled?” man; ‘John, the hired man, took the lastlump
“A decision,” said Ryan, will be handed yesterday to grease the axles of the cart.”
down from the Bench in Albany within five ** Well, John is getting altogether too econom-
years.” ical,” petulantly exclaimed Mr, Traddles. “He
Mr. Burke said nothing. He arose from thinks common tar is too good for axle grease.”
his bench, took off his coat, and inquired of —Norristnen Herald.
Quirites what was the way he came in, Mr. New Haven people will remember the big
Ryan told him, whale that passed through this city on a couple
“Tt is the shortest way for you out,’’ said of flat cars a few weeks ago. Well, it is on ex-
Fortunatus fiercely. ‘‘Jailer,” he said, “ take hibition in Cincinnati, and one of the wicked
me before the judge.” papers of that city suggests that some one take
Ryan retired discreetly, and Mr. Burke was the character of Jonah and give a Sunday-
led into court and placed before the bar. school entertainment.—Mw Haven Register,
His Honor.— What do you want P” Presipent Cuase, of Haverford College,
Burke.—‘ I wish to plead guilty.” says the Bible has 120,000 errors which the
His Honor.—“ Of what offense?” new revision will make straight. Considering
Burke.— Murder.” how our forefathers were handicapped, it is a
His Honor.—“ Murder!” wonder how any of them figured out their eter-
Burxe.— Murder in the first degree.” nal peace.— Somerville Journal,
Hus Honor.—* What is your defence ?” ‘Tue Parisian Jardin Mabille is to be closed,
Burke.— Insanity.” We were going over to Paris in company with
His Honor said: three deacons to study the art works in the
“Burke, the point is well taken. A man Louyre, but we have given up the idea —Bos-
charged with murder who pleads insanity is fon Post,
always acquitted. There isno use holding you.
I discharge you. You are free.” AND ABILITY.
Burke.— Don’t you want bail ?” Hop Bitters so freely advertised in all papers, secular
His Honor. —‘‘It is useless. There is not and religious, are having a Jarge sale, and aré supplant-
the faintest possibility of a murderer with such
Early examples a defence being condemned, Why didn’t you ing all other medicines, There is no denying the yirtues
of the Hop plant, and the proprictors of these Bitters
enter this plea before ?”
of emoticons In Mr. Burke did not answer, , have shown great shrewdness and ability in compounding
But he took from his pocket two crisp five a Nitters, whose virtues are so palpable to every one’s
an 1881 issue of dollar bills, and handed one to the judge and observations.—Laxaminer and Chronicle.
one to his clerk, FINE SILK HATS, §3.20; worth 85.00 DERBIES,
Puck magazine. “ Ryan,” he said, “ Ha my bank-book and | Tue MAniy Kick, $1.90; worth $3.00, 15 New Church Street, Up Stairs.

Pi)* =e G
 Computer scientist
19-Sep-82 11:44 Scott E Fahlman cee ) Scott Fahlman

From: Scott E Fahlman <Fahlman at Cmu-20c> believes he invented

the emoticon in this
1982 online bulletin
I propose that the following character sequence for board post.
joke markers:

in

Read it sideways. Actually, it is probably more

economical to mark things that are NOT jokes, given
current trends. For this, use

scientist at Carnegie Mellon While Fahlman believes that he cations for the first time in the New
University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. invented this glyph and the ‘turn York Times on 28 January 1990 and
On an online bulletin board on your head to one side’ principle was added to the Oxford English
19 September 1982, Fahlman pro- independently, he doesn't doubt that Dictionary in its print edition of
posed that the character sequence others have used such typographical June 2001.
:-) should be used to denote joke devices in a similar way. ‘Some
messages. ‘Read it sideways, he people have told me that the :-) or :) Of course, the use of emoticons in
wrote. Actually, it is probably more convention was used by teletype written communication has had its
economical to mark things that are operators in the old days, he says. critics over the years. Journalist
NOT jokes, given current trends. For ‘Maybe so. Others have written to Neal Stephenson’s piece in The New
this, use :-(’ tell me that their father or uncle or Republic’s edition of 13 September
they themselves used to type these 1993 described the smiley face
‘This convention caught on quickly symbols, or something close to them, emoticon as ‘the written equivalent
around Carnegie Mellon, Fahlman in private letters (or, in one case, of the Vegas rimshot’ (a typographic
recalls on his website, ‘and soon on punch cards) long before 1982. ‘boom-tish’ to signify a joke); in other
spread to other universities and | haven't (yet) seen any hard evidence words, the very nadir of linguistic
research labs via the primitive of this, but | have no reason to sophistication.
computer networks of the day. Some doubt their accounts. It’s a simple
CMU alumni who had moved on to and obvious idea after all, and the In the same year in which
other places continued to read our independent invention of this idea Stephenson's derogatory article was
boards as a way of keeping in touch by multiple people would not be published, the use of emoticons in
with their old community. implausible’ Meanwhile, the term the Western world became more
‘emoticon appeared in print publi- and more established. Californian
 The cover of David
Sanderson's emoticon
dictionary, published
in 1997.

Over 650, compiled by David Sanderson,

computer book publisher O’Reilly &

Associates published a 93-page
emoticon dictionary entitled Smileys,
compiled by David Sanderson. The
cover of this book shows a grid of
nine emoticons arranged as If printed
on yellow button badges. The direct
line of influence of emoticons on
emoji couldn't be clearer. At around the “Noah Webster of Smileys”
the same time, James Marshall, a
graduate astronomy student at the
University of Maryland, began
compiling an online emoticon
dictionary, which is still online and
now has thousands of entries.

OReilly & Associates, Inc.

?:)¥2@ @G
is
ar
 (% 5 *)
(=A..42)
(a5) Teee?

KAOMOJI AND ASCII ART and ‘character’ (moji) — can be quite text. ‘ASCII art’ is the term given to
complex and can even be made up graphic designs and illustrations
Around the time that emoticons were of more than one line of text to build created using lines of text typed
coming into popular use In the West, up an ASCll-art-style image. In using (usually) a monospaced, fixed-
Eastern cultures were developing Japan, this is referred to as either width font.
their own version. In the late 1980s Shift JIS art (Shift JIS is a superset
users of Japan’s ASCllnet online of ASCII intended for Japanese Japanese kaomoji can be as simple
bulletin board network developed usage) or AA, standing for ‘ASCII as just two characters — “* — or
emoticons that could be read without art’. ASCII (American Standard made up of many more:
having to tilt your head. Code for Information Interchange) Ny ay ee
is a character-encoding scheme Because of the increased number of
As with Western emoticons, faces based on the English alphabet that available Eastern characters, there is
are created using combinations of encodes 128 specified characters great potential for stylistic creativity,
typographic characters and into 7-bit binary integers to allow which has led to a vast number of
symbols. However, Japanese kaomoji communication equipment and other different kaomoji.
— from the words for ‘face’ (kao) devices to process and represent
 me : :
ae 6 a)
a MP itiscc Se
ODA cir cs: . HHH :|
PA cscs Me ew
esc circ cg Metis see A
IO retort: enc ae A
ee ; : sis

fil reer
ee 4

fom Eetee wag

aeeae ; ny ree|
Igeen
AA
Ee
| V/ w~=- fii! rt\, °c.

| eel alee S : 3 . t) i j
Pri re ao “se Pai oasis eluents '
vi \ ome Te ee oe ee peg Oba
ae | See eer tal head BR \I
| ie | te Y fer
orien
ioe seseerece
ee Dearsriot a"
: || A aren / ue ee Pes s ia ie erie eras

| a So eee
ea a pt ee ie a
| MY a OER BEesmercer geared =
NPD eee | eee peesery
 Harvey Ball with his
now-iconic yellow
smiley face design.

THE ORIGINAL ‘SMILEY’ desk cards and posters which would Murray Spain, on the other hand,
be distributed and displayed inter- were more enterprising, designing
The original ‘smiley’ — a yellow circle nally within the company. The idea and selling products in the US
with two black elliptical dots for eyes was that employees would ‘Have a sporting the smiley logo along with
and asmiling mouth — was designed happy day’ and smile more when the phrase ‘Have a happy day’, which
by American commercial illustrator using the phone and performing other soon changed to ‘Have a nice day.
Harvey Ball in 1963. He was com- tasks. The button badges became
missioned to create the graphic super popular: by 1971 over 50 million lt was a Frenchman, Franklin Loufrani,
device when the State Mutual Life of them had been sold and the smiley who successfully (and cannily) regis-
Assurance Company of Worcester, was dubbed an international icon. tered the image of a round yellow
Massachusetts, purchased and circle with black dots for eyes and
merged with the Guarantee Mutual However, neither Ball nor State a smiling mouth as a trademark in
Company of Ohio. After the merger, Mutual registered the design asa 1971; he did this after he had started
employee morale was low and Ball trademark and so have never made a to use It in the newspaper France
was tasked (for the princely sum penny from its success outside of its Soir to head a column of good news
of $45) with creating a smiling face original purpose within the company. that aimed to make readers smile. His
that could appear on button badges, Philadelphian brothers Bernard and son Nicolas now runs the company,
The original
‘smiley’ designed
by Harvey Ball.

which licenses the use of the smiley

to other companies. Sales of products
with a SmileyWorld licence purport
to be in the region of millions of
dollars every year. The company even AND SPREA D H A P P I N E S :
has its own Smiley London store, yy
UOlyoe s gages
ae Ono Bele
from which it sells various smiley- BY MMMEY PROLUETONS 1997 ARS
adorned products.

In 1999 Harvey Ball set up the World

Smile Corporation to pursue smiley ‘| Want You to Smile’

licensing opportunities (primarily in poster designed by

the US), determining that all after-tax Harvey Ball, 1997.
profits generated would be given to
charities. Now called the Harvey Ball
World Smile Foundation, the non-
profit organization’s remit is to raise

?:)¥Te@ CEB
money for and awareness of small,
grassroots Charitable efforts. It
receives funding from donations and
from licensing the smiley image. The
foundation is also the major sponsor
of World Smile Day on the first Friday
of October each year.

In the UK, the happy yellow face has

been associated with psychedelic
culture and in particular with the
anarchist and free festival cam-
paigner and organizer Bill ‘Ubi’ Dwyer.
Dwyer helped organize the Windsor
Free Festival (1972-4) and utilized
the smiley as a kind of personal
logo, which he sported on his hat
and clothes and even his letterhead.

The smiley face is also strongly

associated with electronic dance
music culture, particularly with acid
house, rave culture and the ‘second
summer of love’ in the late 1980s. A
yellow smiley face appeared on the
cover of Bomb the Bass’s 1987 single
‘Beat Dis. The design, complete with a
red splat, referenced the bloodstained
smiley badge that features on the
cover and in the opening pages of
Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons’
Watchmen series of comics, first
published in 1986 by DC Comics.

Fashion designer Jeremy Scott arrives at the

2014 MTV Video Music Awards wearing an outfit
created in collaboration with SmileyWorld.

Gea we
‘World Smile Day’ poster, 1999.

of kindness_
helpone person SMILE!
olka World ‘Smile Corp. www. worldsmile, com Tpoie worldsmileday, com
ae “Signature Smiley” and World Smile Dassare trademarks and servicemarks of World Smile Corporation =

Pos= Ges Ga)

Bill ‘Ubi’ Dwyer, an early smiley face enthusiast.

Beat Dis, 12" single by Bomb the Bass,

Mister-Ron Records, 1987. The record sleeve’s
design paid homage to the cover of DC Comics’
Watchmen issue 1, published in 1986,
which featured a bloodstained yellow smiley
button badge.
EMOJI: BORN IN JAPAN
The story of how emoji came into
being, initially as a strategy by one
enterprising mobile network service
provider, and evolved to become a
global communications phenomenon.
Gol He
Japanese mobile POCKET BELL
service provider
Docomo’s Pocket Bell
pager, a must-have
gadget for teens
across the country
in 1995.

The inclusion of emoji on Apple’s favoured it to inject a new level of

iPhone software In 2011 undoubtedly sentiment (and cuteness) into the
helped them on their way to becom- millions of messages they were key-
ing an International phenomenon. ing into telephones every day. But
However, emoji were originally con- when new versions of the Pocket Bell
ceived in Japan in the late 1990s abandoned the heart symbol in favour
and rolled out in February 1999 bya of more business-friendly features
telecommunications service provider like kanji and Latin alphabet support,
looking to make Internet use on the teenagers that made up Docomo’s
mobile phones and pagers more core customer base had no problem
engaging and intuitive. leaving the network for upstart
competitor Tokyo Telemessage. By
In 1995, pagers were hugely popular the time Docomo realized it had
with teenagers in Japan. NTT Docomo, misjudged the demand for business-
one of the country’s largest mobile focused pagers (and the power of
service providers, had created the the teenage market), it was badly in
Pocket Bell pager device that was need of a new killer app that could
seen as the must-have gadget of the re-engage teenage customers.
time. This was not so much because
of its aesthetic appeal, but because In the wider context of digital
Docomo had added a heart symbol communications in the mid-1990s,
that allowed the school kids that Windows 95 had just launched and
1995 1998 1999 2005

Heart symbol NTT Docomo’s NTT Docomo Japan's top

included on NTT i-mode team visit release Its three mobile
Docomo’s Pocket San Francisco original set of networks map
Bell pager to check out 176 emoji incoming signals
AT&T's Pocketnet to their own
mobile phone character sets

email was taking off in Japan along- cation — being able to stay in closer Shigetaka Kurita — visited San
side its pager boom. But people in touch with people much more easily — Francisco in 1998 to check out AT&I’s
Japan, for the most part, were having was being offset by an accompanying Pocket Net.
a hard time getting used to these new increase in miscommunication.
methods of communication. In Pocket Net was the first service In
Japanese culture, personal letters are At the time, Docomo had a research the world to provide amenities like
traditionally long and verbose, full of and development team working on email and weather forecasts over a
seasonal greetings and honorific i-mode, a project that would become mobile (cellular) network. Using
expressions that convey the sender’s the world’s first widespread mobile AT&T's new cellular digital packet
goodwill to the recipient. The shorter, Internet platform, combining features data (CDPD) service, it was capable
more casual nature of email was at like weather forecasts, entertainment of transfer speeds of 19.2Kbps
odds with this tradition. Furthermore, reservations, news and email. i-mode (these days, average transfer speeds
familiar, longer-form letters gave would eventually prove so popular are around 10Mbps — around 500
people important contextual that it would completely engulf the times more impressive). Hardware
information in the same way that country, giving Japan’s mobile Internet specs at the time were also poor, and
face-to-face interactions and phone a 10-year lead internationally. devices were simply not capable of
conversations allow for facial However, back in the mid-1990s, the displaying images. So, while Pocket
expressions and vocal intonation to i-mode team needed ideas. In order Net conveyed weather-related news,
play an important part of conveying to take a look at other work already forecasts like ‘cloudy’ and ‘sunny’
meaning. The absence of all of these being done on mobile Internet were just spelled out in text. The lack
cues in emails and texts meant that applications, the team — which of visual cues made the service
the promise of digital communi- included a young employee named more difficult to use than it ought to

e
oGe #
2010 2011 2012
se
Emoji encoded
into Unicode
Emoji keyboard
included in
Japanese service ‘a
provider AU
Apple's iOS 5 redesigns its
iPhone software primary group of
emoji characters
to look more like
the original
Docomo designs

have been, and Kurita and his team Fujitsu, all large companies that different symbols. People draw
recognized that AT&1’s mobile had design resources to throw at the expressions like the person with the
experience would benefit greatly from problem. However, he was surprised bead of sweat, you know, or like when
some extra characters and icons to to find that they didn’t immediately someone gets an idea and they have
show contextual information. share his zeal for the project. ‘They the light bulb. So there were a lot of
were like, “please, you design cases where | used those as a kind of
Kurita started to wonder if it could them.” They had a lot of reasons — hint’ From kanji, he took the ability to
be beneficial to show simple faces these were the first devices that express abstract ideas like ‘secret’
that would help denote tone in textual supported i-mode, they didn’t have and ‘love’ in a single character.
messages. ‘We had already had the the resources, that kind of thing, he
experience with the heart symbol, so explains. Faced with few options, In order to display the glyphs, Docomo
we knew it was possible, he recalls. Kurita gathered his team, and got to decided to exploit an unused region
ASCII art and kaomoji were already work with no small ambition: he of the Shift JIS Japanese character
around at the time, but they were aimed to create a complete set of encoding scheme. Each 2-byte code
time-consuming to enter on a mobile 176 12-by-12-pixel characters that would correspond to a unique image,
phone, since they were composed of could cover the entire breadth of all of which would come loaded on
multiple characters. Kurita was human emotion. Docomo mobile phones like any
looking for a simpler solution. Not other typographic character. Users
being a designer himself (he was an For inspiration, Kurita looked to would then be able to add them to
economics major), Kurita’s plan was to different elements of his childhood, their messages by selecting them
draft some ideas to show to manu- including manga and kanji. ‘In from a grid inside the mail app.
facturers like Sharp, Panasonic and Japanese comics, there are a lot of Docomo wasn't only targeting email

oii GGE
 1580s
1/00s
1880s
1960s
:) 1980s
with emoji — the easily accessible
images were also designed to let
content providers dress up their
i-mode websites. Companies Zagat
and Pia were some of the first to

1990s provide content for Docomo’s experi-

mental new service, entitling them to
a special perk: their logos were part
of the original set of emoji installed

2000s
on the company’s phones (although
they were removed after the first
contract expired, a year or two later).

2014
With only a 12-by-12 grid to play with,
Kurita had to be economical with the
use of space in his designs, and the
resulting characters were exceedingly
simple. For example, the original

2015 grinning face has a rectangular

mouth and upside-down V's for eyes.
In many ways, his original emoji look
very different from the glossy yellow
smileys that people outside Japan

GGG ae
 “+”
now associate with the word. They device you were looking at, even if sent from one carrier wouldn't
look like a hybrid of emoticons and one Docomo user sent a message display on its competitors’ phones.
early 8-bit computer game graphics. to another: It wasn't until 2005 that the three
main mobile networks in Japan
While Kurita always envisioned This consistency, however, didn’t began to map the incoming signals
emoji as symbols — something last long. Docomo wasn't able to get to their own character sets. Finally,
closer to letters that wouldn't feel a copyright on its emoji designs in 2012, in an overdue step toward
out of place if you slipped them into (‘they’re only 12 blocks by 12 blocks, standardization, AU decided to
a sentence — he had thought that the company was told), which meant redesign its primary group of
the manufacturers who suggested that Japanese competitors AU characters to look more like the
he design emoji himself would be and J-Phone (which would later original Docomo designs — an effort
able to add some finishing touches, become SoftBank) could have simply that Kurita was involved in. But even
turning them into something more piggybacked on Docomo’s success so, there are still multiple sets of
professional. ‘But every single one when they launched their own emoji. characters in the wild depending on
just took what we had and imple- Instead, they both decided to do your carrier and phone. Docomo’s
mented it the way it was, he says. their own thing, adding more (and expanded set numbers around 250,
‘Then again, the good thing about more detailed) images, along with not counting animated characters.
that was that everyone’s emoji were animation, in an effort to lock in Some devices display more than 800.
identical. If each manufacturer had customers. What could have been
added its own originality to the a single, uniform set of characters By 2010 emoji had been adopted
characters, the emoji would have used by different service providers into Unicode. Their various
been all mixed up and inconsistent became a jumble of different implementations had become
depending what manufacturer’s proprietary approaches, and emoji fractured, with lots of companies
 Andy Murray @andy_murray - Apr 11

SeeTTcRe@etean Sd RAO
BIMO#away || SB7 SEiw
2 2 22
YTMWOc VS YM OCG
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14K 29K
Tennis champion Andy Murray summed up his
wedding in this emoji-only tweet in 2015.

having developed their own pro- Instagram and Tumblr. Today you see all of its hand symbols and some of
prietary emoji sets. Although Japan's them everywhere, from the texts you the available face emoji; and a Vulcan
carriers don't have a standard single get from your mum, to advertising salute Wy has even been added to
set of characters, this hasn't stopped campaigns for global brands such Apple’s emoji character set for the
emoji from catching on overseas. as Coca-Cola and IKEA, and beyond benefit of Star Trek fans. Emoji are
Apple’s iPhone supported a variant of to projects and memes. New York- clearly more than just a passing fad;
SoftBank’s emoji set beginning with based artist Fred Benenson’s Emoji they really are conquering the world.
the iOS 2.2 update, at least in Japan. Dick project, an emojified version
But with the release of iOS 5 in late of Herman Melville’s classic novel,
2011, emoji made their real inter- was added to America’s Library of
national debut. And while the smileys Congress collection in 2013. In 2015
found in communication software Australia’s Foreign Minister Julie
packages such as Google Talk or Bishop responded to an interview
Skype have all been designed inde- with Buzzfeed entirely in emoji Jeff
FZ Blagdon reported for The
pendently of Apple’s emoji, there’s no (she even pulled an ‘angry face’ in Verge between 2011 and 2013, after
doubt that they are all part of the response to a particular question earning a Master's Degree in Applied
same cultural phenomenon. during a TV interview); international Economics from Doshisha University
tennis star Andy Murray summarized in Kyoto. Having spent nearly a decade
As people found out how to enable his wedding in an emoji-only post studying and working in Japan, he
the characters on their phones, little on Twitter (which has been retweeted has relocated to New York, where he
pictures of guardsmen and winking over 14,000 times); Apple launched spends his time bicycling, taking
faces with stuck-out tongues started ‘ethnically diverse’ emoji by adding photos and ineptly trying to program
sprouting up all over Twitter, the option of different skin tones to in Haskell.

41@
 aot a,

“ s
os

Some of Shigetaka
Kurita’s original emoji
characters have been
recreated here, each
drawn ina 12-by-12
grid of pixels.
INTERVIEW WITH You were working on the i-mode Also, Pocket Net seemed to be written
SHIGETAKA KURITA, development team in 1998 when you in a language that was similar to
THE INVENTOR OF EMOJI took a research trip to San Francisco what would become HDML (Handheld
to check out AT&T’s Pocket Net. Device Markup Language), and | felt
What did you learn from that trip? that the interface was unintuitive.
Text is the basis for displaying

¥
When | looked at AT&T’s Pocket Net, information, so | felt that the system
the thing | was most interested in should be like a tree. In that way | had
was how to display content on a cell the same idea as Pocket Net, but
phone. In 1997 the screens were | recall the way they did it being very
incredibly small, and also black-and- difficult to use because the functions
white, so you weren't able to show for making a selection and advancing,

a
images. | went to San Francisco with and returning to the previous screen,
the intention of learning how to show were split between two buttons.
information like weather forecasts | was a‘game kid’ that grew up with
and news on these terrible displays, Nintendo, so | believed that the
and about the kinds of interfaces easiest interface model to understand
needed to show it in a way that was and use would be a D-pad and two
easy to understand. buttons for select and cancel. You
could say that through getting a
| felt that the way Pocket Net showed chance to use Pocket Net’s interface
text like ‘fine’ for clear weather and we were given an anti-pattern that
‘rain’ for rain wasn’t intuitive. Instead, let us come up with the i-mode inter-
| thought they should use things like face. As for the OS itself, there wasn’t
@ for clear weather and 4 for rain, anything in particular that caught
like weather forecasts do on TV. Up my interest.
until then | had been thinking that
emoji would be used for showing What made the deepest impression
emotions, like the heart, but | was on me during the trip was being
made to realize that since we couldn't able to email Japan while | was riding
show full images on these devices, the cable car in San Francisco. Up
emoji would be necessary for provid- until that point, ‘email meant sitting
ing rich informational content to down, at home, on the computer. So
users as well. being able to stand on the cable car
and send and receive messages on
a mobile device felt really liberating.

¥
The love heart was one of the first What other visual cues inspired and Were there any emoji characters you
symbols to appear on a pager informed the original emoji created originally that didn’t make
besides type characters. In a way, characters you created for Docomo? it to your final selection?
that was the first emojji.
The two things that served as my The poo emoji. When | first designed
In 1995 the only two symbols the inspiration were manpu and it at Docomo it was deemed to be
Pocket Bell was able to display were pictograms. Manpu are special ‘unsuitable for Docomo from the
a phone and a heart. The phone icon symbolic expressions used in manga perspective of public morals and
was used when you wanted someone — for example, the droplet-shaped decency’, and so initially went un-
to call you back, but the heart was a ‘sweat’ mark used on someone's released, but because KDDI adopted
symbol that you used to express face to indicate things like anxiety it, it’s now part of the standard set
emotion. So | definitely agree that the or embarrassment, the wavy ‘steam’ of emo}i.
heart was the first emoji. lines above someone's head for
indicating rage, or the light bulb for
sigh
3
showing a flash of inspiration. | used
them as a reference because they
were simple expressions, as well as
having the ability to express a wide
range of feelings and situations, and
were becoming shared knowledge
for a lot of people through manga.
Pictograms are a kind of information
design used in things like public guide
maps. They're something that anyone
can understand with a single glance
and served as a reference for the
information-type emoji we came up
with. In particular, I’m talking about
the pictograms that were created
for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics to allow
visitors from abroad to navigate
facilities like washrooms. It really
makes me proud that emoji were
inspired by manga, pictograms and
things from Japan, and now they're
being used all around the world.

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Can you explain the design process? prioritized them according to their even number of pixels. There was
usefulness and how frequently they no way to centre an image, since a
| presented my idea to develop might be used. Finally, we narrowed dot would end up one square to the
emoji to the head of planning for what | had down to 200 ideas. As for right or left of the box’s centre.
i-mode (who was also my boss), Mari who did what, it was only me coming
Matsunaga, who approved the plan. up with these ideas and giving them | asked him to revise the pixel
| took care of the planning, while two priorities, but Ms Matsunaga, the designs that he came up with a few
others handled the development and other team members and | all decided times, brushing them up before
negotiation with handset makers, what to include in the final release. the emoji were finally completed.
so the emoji development team was Afterward, members of the
made up of three people in total. As for the emoji designs, | made a development team produced a
lt was decided that the first version few samples myself, colouring in the specification that we would have
of i-mode would use 12-by-12-pixel squares on sheets of graph paper. handset makers implement, giving
characters, so that was our first Simple ones, like the shining sun, the birth to emoji.
constraint. Our staff considered how emoji for rain and the smiley face.
to actually implement emoji, deciding There were also a number of emoji While this was going on, the legal
to use the free region in the Shift JIS where | didn’t come up with the pixel department was meeting to secure
character encoding space. A few of arrangement, but | drew pictures and a patent for emoji, but the view at
the free blocks were reserved for produced guide documents in order the time was that with a size of 12
the kanji introduced in the third and to show the designers what we by 12 pixels, no matter who drew
fourth standards of Shift JIS, so with- wanted. When | think about those the subject-matter, it would end up
out a reserved region of our own, we ideas now, one that | think | did a good looking essentially the same, so it
figured we could safely use enough of job on is coming up with the golf flag would be difficult to assert a claim
the free space in Shift JIS for about for the ‘location information’ emoji. to the designs. Because of that, until
200 characters. This became our This was before Google's pin icon or the number of pixels in emoji went
second constraint. That left us with anything. | also think | did a good job up, they were free of copyright. | think
the actual work of coming up with 200 of coming up with the original designs emoji spread through Japan as a
emoji and producing the 12-by-12- for the emotion emoji. There were result, which ended up being a plus.
pixel icons. Our original assumption always multiple heart emoji right from
was that there would be three main the beginning, because | recognized Incidentally,
the total time that
uses for emoji: expressing emotions, the special importance of the heart passed between initial planning and
mainly for messaging (the heart, for early on. completion was about one month.
example); displaying content (such
as the weather or the news); and The person who came up with the
general-purpose functions for the actual pixel designs, the architect
platform (such as user ID and pass- Jun Aoki, was introduced to me by
word, an emoji meaning ‘free’ and the Ms Matsunaga. What led me to ask
i-mode logo). him was the fact that he had
designed pictograms for buildings
| started by listing, as comprehensively before. The most difficult part of
as possible, all the emoji that | could designing the emoji was the lack of
expect to be used on the service, then expressivity in the 12-by-12 grid’s

GGG e
How does it make you feel to know Why did you recently work with Are emoji here to stay?
that emoji are now used all over Japanese mobile phone brand au
the world? by KDDI to create a set of symbols Emoji are a communication tool, so
more like your original emoji? they will likely continue to change
At the time, | wasn’t considering as a result of their surrounding
emoji being used outside Japan at In Japan the three major mobile environment. Of course, | don’t think
all. Part of me thinks the reason carriers are Docomo, KDDI and that emoji will ever disappear.
they caught on might be precisely Softbank, and each one pretty much
because they came from Japan, adopted its own version of emoji. They
where we're Surrounded by kanji — each believed that emoji were a killer
its own kind of pictogram — along service for their users, and as a result,
with hiragana, katakana and the Latin the number and design of characters
alphabet. Emoji have permeated in each of their sets came to differ
throughout the world, enabled by quite a lot. When emoji were adopted
the spread of smartphones and their into Unicode in 2010, the Unicode
adoption into Unicode, and they Consortium took a comprehensive
have become an important element approach and added all three carriers’
of digital text communication. Digital emoji. Because of this, it was able to
text is different from speaking maintain compatibility between each
face-to-face or over the phone, or company’s emoji, but only for those
writing letters even, in that it makes characters that they all had In
it difficult to express emotional common, and because each carrier
information. And because of con- had a different number of characters
fusing input methods and the very it meant that there wasn’t complete
nature of texting in a mobile setting, interoperability for everything.
messages tend to be short. Emoji
become necessary for making that Because of that, Docomo and KDDI
kind of communication go more decided to consolidate their emoji in
smoothly. | consider them the newest 2012. They normalized not only the
form of written language in a world types of characters, but their designs
born of digital text communication. as well, deciding to go with Docomo-
style emoji across the board. For that
reason, they asked me to oversee a
new uniform design for the project,
since | had produced the original
designs for Docomo.

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INSPIRED BY EMOJI
Here, we take a look at projects that
have been inspired by emoji, from
visual art and fashion design to
advertising campaigns.
EMOJIIRL.LOL. with friends and fellow creatives
Art project revolving around emoji — we're all
Liza Nelson obsessed with analysing what they
mean and which ones represent
Emoji IRL.LOL. is a project by Los us, which | think is a new favourite
Angeles-based artist Liza Nelson, pastime for eight-year-olds to
who has selected a number of classic 30-somethings with smartphones
Apple emoji and recreated them everywhere. | decided to pay homage
photographically or sculpturally. ‘I did to the individual characters that
this project because | felt like the hold the most meaning for me and,
tiny 20-by-20-pixel images most of as ridiculous as that sounds
us are using every single day deserved (because they are essentially little
to be examined more closely, explains cartoons), emoji have become an
Nelson. incredibly significant part of our
culture and our language. My project
She continues, ‘We seriously think and is both a mockery and a tribute to
speak in emoji now, and it hit me one the individual characters that have
day that we take this new form of become so much more to our
communication for granted. We think culture than tiny pictures on an
texting back and forth for hours with iPhone screen.
tiny pictures of poop and floppy disks
and tongues is normal, like we've been
doing this forever. And the crazy thing
is, we truly are expressing incredibly
real and raw emotions with these
things. Over the past year or two I’ve
had hundreds of “deep” conversations

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EMOJI.INK Tokyo-based illustrator, pixel artist
Illustrations and art director Takakura Kazuki
Takakura Kazuki heard about emoji.ink through a
friend and started to play around
Emoji.ink is a simple but fun online with it, posting his resulting illustra-
app created by Vince McKelvie that tions on his Instagram account. ‘It
allows visitors to the site to create reminded me of Nintendo’s Mario
images using Apple’s standard emoji Paint video game for the SNES
set. When a user arrives on the console and completely blew my
site, their browser window displays mind, he says. ‘Emoji originated in
all of the emoji in rows that fill the Japan so | thought it would be inter-
screen. Clicking on one, adjusting esting to draw Japanese cultural
its size using a slider scale and motifs and characters using them.
clicking and dragging allows the Typically, it takes Kazuki between
user to ‘draw’ anything by leaving a two and five hours to complete one
trail of the selected emoji character. of these emoji.ink illustrations, which
are shown on the following spreads.

size

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pp. 64-69: Illustrations created
by Takakura Kazuki using the
emoji.ink web app, which allows
users to draw by dragging emoji
across a computer screen.
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POO EMOJI LIGHT WING crowdfund new ideas into existence
FRANKLIN SHOES & in just a matter of weeks. These
BUTTON-UP SHIRT high-top sneakers were successfully
Footwear and apparel funded on 7 November 2014 and are
Betabrand made of lightweight Tyvek — a super-
strength, paper-like material that’s
Under normal circumstances, poo both water-resistant and breath-
on your shoe is not fun. But San able. We'd like to hope the soles are
Francisco-based company Betabrand suitably poo resistant.
has changed that with these jolly
poo emoji sneakers. Betabrand Is Betabrand also produced a cotton
an online clothing community that poo emoji button-up shirt that was
designs, manufactures and releases funded in February 2015 — a good
new products nonstop. Its selling one to style out a hangover in.
point is that its fans co-design and

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SYMPHONIEORCHESTER seasonally changing editorial content. ‘In emoji, we found a way to adda
Annual publication of the Bavarian Since BRSO tries to present a fresh certain playful youthfulness to the
Radio Symphony Orchestra view of the orchestra with each issue design without having to give up or
Bureau Mirko Borsche (featuring a variety of contributors), compromise the strictness of the
the design differs from year to year newspaper design theme, says the
Munich-based design studio Bureau and is always a close collaboration. studio’s Lukas Rudig about the
Mirko Borsche has worked with the project. ‘Since this design embraces
Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra The concept behind the 2015-16 the idea of a young generation
(BRSO) since 2010, when it designed annuals content was to give teen- “taking over” an established medium,
the orchestra’s visual identity. As agers a space to air their impressions another rather illustrative layer of
well as creating posters for the BRSO, on the work of the BRSO. With the the book shows the alleged opposite:
the studio art directs an annual editorial content written by estab- the orchestra’s communication in
publication for them which contains lished journalists, Mirko Borsche social media and open discussions
concert and event dates and other wanted the design of the publication by fans and critics alike’
relevant information as well as to mimic classic newspaper layouts.

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 Sofia Osanna Schiler horen Tiere, Dirigent hort Krieg

terling«, so interpretiert Kristof Fried-

»Im Radi hore ich

»Ich war etwas
»Far mich ist es wichtig, dass ich
mich in den Dienst der Musik stelle rich treffend. Becindruckend ist, dass
und dass das auch so bei der Jury an- die Kinder ganz andere Dinge mit der
komme. Mir geht es nicht um irgendet- Musik in Verbindung bringen als viele
ne Hierarchie innerhalb des Orchesters.
entweder die »#ktuellen Erwachsene. Daniel Harding, der Diri-

*berrascht, die
Mir geht ¢s um die Musik. Sie steht fir gent, ist zwar einverstanden mit der In-
mich im Vordergrund«, yerrat ein Kan- terpretation, doch hort er statt Tieren
didat. Ein anderer betont: alch méchte
eine gute Balance zwischen technischer Hits oder, wenn ich in der Wildnis Trommeln und Krieg.
Bemerkenswert ist auch ein Menuett,
das von den Schilern erlernt wurde

Musiker und
Stabilicat und musikalischem Ausdruck
finden. SchlieBlich muss es mir gelin-
gen, die Herzen des Publikums zu er-
reichen und zu gewinnen. Und in die-
mich entspannen will, und zur Veranschaulichung des dritten
Satzes im beengten Raum zwischen den
Musikern und Instrumenten vorgefihrt

Klassik. Damit stofe

wird.Genau das ist der Hauptaspekt der

den Dirigenten
sem besonderen Fall ist das Publikum
das auferst kritische Orchester.« »Echtzeit«; Die Aufbereitung von Mu-
sik yon Kindern far Kinder, wodurch

ich aber bei meiner

sich diese angesprochener fihlen als
HART UND beispielsweise von ihrer Lehrkraft.
WILLKURLICH?

bei der
Zum Abschluss der Moderation,
Um kurz nach halb zwolf Uhr sind alle nach der das eigentliche Konzert erst
Kandidaten aufgetreten, und die erste
Runde wurde beendet. Nun spielt sich Familie auf taube ©h- beginnt, wird es noch einmal beson-
ders interessant. Von den Schilern aus-
gewahlte Fragen stellen sie nun nachei-

Generalprobe
~ natirlich hinter yerschlossenen Turen
— folgendes Szenario ab: Die Stimm-
gruppe berat sich und gibt eine Emp-
fehlung ab. Daraufhin diskutiert das ge-
ren — die wollen dann, nander dem Dirigenten des Orchesters,
Daniel Harding, den sie erst bei dieser
Gelegenheit kennenlernen. Trotz seiner

dass ich wieder zu den

samte Orchester unter der Leitung Position als weltweit gefragter Dirigent

in ganz nor-
seines Vorstandes, der das Wort erteilt, ist er den Schilern gegentber offen
und stimmtschlieflich ab. Die Namen und es entwickelt sich cin interessantes

Hits umschalte.« .......

der Kandidaten, die es in die zweite Gesprach. So spricht er zum Beispiel
Runde geschafft haben, werden verkiin- von einem Unglick, bei dem er wegen
det. Das Prozedere der ersten Runde schlechten Befindens cin Konzert ab-

maler Freieit-
wiederholt sich. Als Wahlstiick konnen brechen musste.»Vermutlich haben sie
die Kandidaten entweder Schumanns nicht das, yersucht Marije Grevink et Zeit als sicben Minuten. Mic all den mir irgendetwas ins Essen gemischt, da-
oder Dyotaks Cellokonzert vortragen. was Unsagbares in Worte zu fassen. negativen Aspekten, dic ein Probespiel mit sie schnell zum Fussballgucken
In der dritten Runde gibt es nach »Die Cellogruppe hat empfohlen, an mit sich bringt, ist der Musiker auch konntens, scherzt er und erklart die

kleidung auf
den Vortragen der Kandidaten, die den dieser Stelle aufzuhoren, und dasselbe als Orchestermitglied konfrontiert. Hauptaufgabe des Dirigenten, die viele
Ansprichen des Orchesters standge- Gefuhl, dieselbe Meinung hatte auch »Probespiele sind gerecht, denn auch gar nicht genau kennen; er ist praktisch
halten haben, cine geheime Abstim- das Orchester. Die Begeisterung war im Konzert muss ich in einem Augen- cin Interpret und zeigt dem Orchester
mung der Jury. Ist die absolute Mehr- einfach nicht da. Anerkennung fir die blick — und sei er noch so kurz — mei- mit seiner Gestik, welche Gefuhle aus-
heit fir einen der Kandidaten gegeben, Leistung, die war da, aber die ganz gro- ne Leistung auf den Punkt bringens, gedrackt werden sollen.

der Buhne zu
geht ein Musiker als Sieger aus dem Be Begeisterung hat gefehlt.« urteilt ein Kandidat mit hochgezoge- Als das Konzert nach einer guten
Probespiel hervor, und die Stelle kann So hart und willkirlich dieses Aus- nen Schultern und etwas Widerwillen Stunde endet, ernten sowohl die Mode-
besetzt werden. Heute jedoch hat es wahlverfahren auch scheint, ist es den- in seinem Blick. In der Kantine ist das ratoren als auch die Musiker und der
keiner der Kandidaten geschafft. Be- noch nicht allzu weit hergeholt. Damit »Schluss« des Orchestervorstandes fast Dirigent tosenden Applaus. Ein Beweis

sehen.«_._
reits nach der ersten Runde wird das das Konzert fir das Publikum zum verhallt. Der Zauber des Probespiels fiir die gute Umsetzung der Idee, dass
Probespiel abgebrochen. »Heute hat Klangerlebnis wird, hat der Musiker lést sich an einem gewohnlichen yor- Schiiler Gleichaltrigen die Musik auf
das gewisse Etwas gefehlt. Das Heraus- auch nur eine einzige Chance, abzulie- weihnachtlichen Montag um zwolf einzigartige Weise naherbringen, und
stechen, der Funke, der Zauber war fern, haufig in noch sehr viel kiirzerer Uhr wieder auf. gy sie damit begeistern kénnen. A

AAT.
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 IKEA EMOJI
Promotional emoji set
Thanks for last night
IKEA BV. Nederland

"
Global homeware company IKEA
created a proprietary set of emoji
for its customers. Developed by
creative agency Lemz and released
by the brand’s Netherlands head
office in early 2015, the IKEA emot-
icons were made available in an app
that embeds a special keyboard which
iPhone users can access and use in
the same way as standard emoji.

The icons, illustrated by Sue Doeksen,

allow people to communicate about
homeware. A press release that
accompanied the launch of the app
revealed the findings of a study by
TNS Nipo (a Dutch survey agency)
which showed that clutter at home
causes tension ina third of all Dutch
households. At the core of the project
was the idea that emoji enable text
messages to be understood more
easily while also allowing for a higher
level of fun and humour. Therefore,
the theory goes, the IKEA emoticons
might enable a cheery, rather than
stressful, conversation about clutter
IKEA.nl/emoticons and storage solutions at home. The
set includes over 100 icons, some of
which are easily recognized as IKEA
objects — from the brand’s blue
shopping bags to its famous Swedish
meatballs and even specific items of
furniture such as its FROSTA plywood
stools and BILLY bookshelves.

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CINDY SHERMAN-ICON of various facial expressions from one the project to include ‘ever more
Art project face, says Hong. ‘We don't always complex, nuanced and disturbing
Hyo Ju Hong want to convey that we're blindly emotions. Watch this space/face.
happy, crying with laughter or
Inspired by the many faces (and facial horizontally-lipped and nonplussed.
expressions) of American artist Cindy Sometimes, we need something a
Sherman, who often appears in little more subtle, more human than
various guises in her own images, Hyo emoticons and emoji. Hong’s solution
Ju Hong created her own art project, to this problem was to create a series
entitled Cindy Sherman-icon. of images of Sherman's face, each
one displaying a different facial
‘| found a connection between her expression. While Hong initially made
self-portraits and emoticons in terms 20 of the icons, she plans to extend
POLITICONS
Political emoji set
+rehabstudio

Creative digital agency +rehabstudio,

which has offices in London, New
York and Belfast, created an emoji
series called Politicons as a way of
encouraging greater political dis-
cussion and, ultimately, voter turnout
for the UK’s 2015 General Election.
The politicized characters in the set
included faces of the main party
leaders, a fist bump emoji with the
word ‘vote’ appearing on the knuckles,
a strong arm emoji holding the word
‘tax’, and a passport being held by a
hand in a spectrum of skin tones.

The studio was inspired to Initiate

the project following an |psos Mori
poll revealing that 34 per cent of
18-24-year-olds said that reading
something on social media was likely

POLITICONS
to influence their vote — second only
to the TV debates.
When your opinion is serious but your chat isn’t,
‘Hacking emoji seemed like an say what you feel with a POLITICON.
obvious, fun and irreverent way to
Click any POLITICON to download and start sharing.
help get young people talking
about the election and sharing their
thoughts with mates or the wider
public, explains the studio's strategy
partner, Tom Le Bree. ‘Whatever their
stance, they can help articulate it
with a Politicon.

GGG He
Whatever your stance Coming soon to
say it witha Messenger!
POLITICON

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BENEFIT
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 WHO’S REALLY CHATTING
ONLINE WITH YOUR CHILD?
Ad campaign
Rosapark

Innocence en Danger is a non-profit

organization that rallies against all
forms of child abuse. Working with
a VFX company, Parisian ad agency
Rosapark transformed three emoji
faces into ‘real’ men (to frightening
effect) for an ad campaign published
in early 2014 and designed to high-
light the potential danger of online
chatting. Each of the campaign's three
executions was accompanied by the
line, ‘Who's really chatting online with
your child?’

Who's really chatting online

with your child ?

igaeecaecr>
> DANGER”™
innocenceendanger.org

Ss
aK Sa Gad) Ha
Who's really chatting online
with your child ?

fonocenceendanger.org
Who's really chatting online
with your child ?

Sx GUe
#ENDANGEREDEMOJI The campaign kicked off with a people a simple way to donate is key.
Fundraising campaign tweet published on the official By using one of the world’s biggest
WWF (World Wide Fund For Nature) @WWFE Twitter account that showed social platforms to highlight endan-
all 17 Endangered Emoji. To take gered species, we're hoping to raise
On 12 May 2015, WWF launched an part in the campaign, Twitter users vital funds for their conservation as
well as raising awareness globally
:
emoji-based fundraising campaign were encouraged to retweet the
to help support the organization's image. For every Endangered Emoji
work to protect endangered species the user tweeted, WWF added the
and their habitats. The campaign, local currency equivalent of €0.10
developed with WWF’s UK ad agency, to a voluntary monthly donation.
Wieden + Kennedy, and technical At the end of each month, users
partner Cohaesus, was based on the received a Summary of their Endan-
discovery that 17 characters in gered Emoji use and could then
Twitter’s standard emo}! character choose how much to donate.
set represented endangered species.
The idea for the activity was to trans- Adrian Cockle, Digital Innovation
late the popularity of these characters Manager at WWE International, said,
into donations. ‘When it comes to fundraising, giving

How it works | Go to main WWF website

MPN
Retweet to start #2

AMET eat)
| 17 emoji animals are endangered. Help them by donating €0.10
/£0.10
for every one you tweet. Retweet to sign up and start.

RS me QC MC) BSH op
AMwSe
ea AOAAG
~ WWF@ VW Follow
er

We're using #EndangeredEmoji to save real animals from extinction. Please retweet to sign up and help.
pic.twitter.com/hX1p1GEDZ9
8:38 AM - 12 May 2015
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CSS THE EMOJI ART & DESIGN Fahad AlHunaif, Mike Burakoff, Zoé
616
SHOW Burnett and more. The work in the
Exhibition show was inspired by both pop and
Forced Meme Productions & Eyebeam visual culture — from appropriating
Art + Technology Center, New York City and inserting emoji into the art
history canon through to hypnotic
076 Presented by Forced Meme moving images and emoji photo apps
Productions, Eyebeam and GroupMe, — as well as exploring translation
3942 the Emoji Art & Design Show took difficulties and the desire for a wider
1216
place at Eyebeam’s gallery space in range of emoji characters. A special
New York in December 2013. The emoji edition of Womanzine, edited by
group show featured artworks created Mercedes Kraus, was also produced
in arange of mediums, from digital in conjunction with the exhibition,
2612
prints to sculptures, video and per- and included essays, poetry, art and
got formance art. Contributing artists other emoji-inspired musings.
included Fred Benenson, Liza Nelson,

Emojilracker, created by Matthew Rothenberg,

catalogues real-time emoji use on Twitter.
The nearest two framed artworks are untitled pieces by Ibon Mainar.
 Emojified: R. Kelly’s Trapped in the
Closet, Chapters 1, 2, & 4
ZOE MENDELSON
swallowed spit.” Emoji are absurd, too (because their set
of symbols is so random), and | figured, why not translate
the absurd into the absurd? Everything about the pairing
seemed well-suited—from the characters’ high-running
emotions to the involvement of a cop to the significance
The Great Lord Kells’ masterpiece hip-hop opera Trapped of cherries. Trapped in the Closet begged for emojification.
in the Closet is my favorite piece of art ever created in any
medium. It walks that incredibly thin line between serious
and joking so well that most people really can’t make the The translation should be read both as an image and
call. That’s sheer genius. | love the absurdity in it, the as a text—at times it requires translation left to right,
drama in his voice as he sings, “I! cloooosed my mouth and and at others it presents the story as an image.

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Womanzine, a publication penned only by

people who identify as women, created a
special emoji edition for the exhibition (the
cover is shown to the left). The spread above
showeases a translation of R. Kelly’s ‘Trapped
in the Closet’ by Zoe Mendelson.

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BFF LAPEL PIN
Apparel
Valley Cruise Press

Based in Los Angeles, Valley Cruise

Press is an art and design-focused
label specializing in limited edition
zines, art objects, accessories and
apparel. Its one-inch-high enamel
BFF Lapel Pin pays homage to the
emoji. ‘Certain emoji mean different
things to different people, says
VCP’s Ted Feighan, ‘but the dancing
twin girls emoji almost universally
represents friendship. We made
these pins as a sort of modern-day
“friendship bracelet” to be shared
between friends.’

Bea Le
EMOJI PINS
Apparel
Pintrill

Brooklyn-based company Pintrill,

co-founded in April 2014 by Jordan
Roschwalb, Doni Gitlin and Andrew
Yung, specializes in enamel pins and
has produced not one but a whole
series of high-quality emoji pins.
The company has lovingly made pins
of the fist bump emoji, hand clap
emoji, prayer hands emoji, thumbs-
up emoji and, rather brilliantly, the
smiling poo emoji.
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Emoji Passcode by Intelligent EMOJI PASSCODE Intelligent Environments says that
Environments is the world’s first Banking app Emoji Passcode is mathematically
emoji security technology. Intelligent Environments more secure than a four-digit code as
it has 480 times more permutations
UK-based company Intelligent (a whopping 35 million, in fact), and
Environments has been responsible that hackers are less likely to
for such financial technology inno- identify common formulae in the
vations as the first online credit- way that they’re able to for numerical
card solution, the first online wallet passcodes, such as birthdays or
in the UK and, in 2013, the world’s anniversaries. Furthermore, the
first smartwatch banking app. company suggests that humans are
more likely to remember pictures
In 2015 it introduced Emoji Passcode, than words or numbers, and that as
an application that allows users to much as 64 per cent of a youthful
log in to their banks using a PIN demographic of millennials regularly
made up of four emoji characters communicate only using emoji — one
(selected from a set of 44), rather of the key reasons they decided to
than via a traditional numerical PIN. reinvent the passcode for a new
Emoji Passcode has been integrated generation by developing the world’s
into the company’s Android digital first emoji security technology.
banking app.
2015 NCAA TOURNAMENT \a = ;

Emoji set for the Washington Post ae)

Julia Heffernan Alabama-
BYU Birmingham Belmont Villanova

To drum up excitement among its

readers during the ‘March Madness of
the 2015 National Collegiate Athletic
Association (NCAA) Tournament, the
Washington Post commissioned a
set of 88 college basketball team Albany Boise St.
mascot emoji characters. Illustrated
by Julia Heffernan, the team mascots
appeared in a mid-March edition
of the newspaper and also on its
website, with an invitation to readers
to see who would win the tourna- Arizona Buffalo West Virginia
ment — based purely on which team’s
emoji was the favourite ... All good
clean fun. Fans could also download
their favourite emoji and text it to
friends or, in some cases, use it as
their Twitter or Facebook avatar.
Northern lowa Arkansas Butler Wichita St.

Baylor Wisconsin

North Dakota
Northeastern Wyoming
St.

Robert Morris Xavier Utah Providence

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Cincinnati oe
Carolina Washington

lowa St. Hampton Harvard Indiana lowa Kansas

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Texas Southern SMU St. Johns UC Irvine
Austin

North Florida Georgetown Georgia Georgia State Wofford Valparaiso

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Purdue Kentucky Lafayette Louisville
3
EMOJI-NATION unsurprisingly, Edvard Munch's The
Art project Scream was paired with the emoji.
Nastya Nudnik
In Emoji-nation Part 2, Nudnik
Kiev-based artist and art director overlaid a series of Edward Hopper
Nastya Nudnik has produced a paintings with speech-bubble status
number of self-initiated series of graphics familiar from various social
Emoji-nation art projects, which media platforms, making the viewer
she has posted on her Behance feed question how we think about images
to wide acclaim. Each of these series and people based on the kinds of
of images sees her select a number information regularly shared and
of famous figurative artworks and pored over on social media.
overlay them with emoji, digital
speech bubbles, messages and pop-
up windows familiar from various
online apps and operating systems.

Nudnik’s first series showed four

iconic paintings next to emoji she
thought looked like the characters
depicted in each one. Perhaps

) CO’ BEB
Ue nd
watching?
INTROJI things she found difficult to say in Some of the meanings conveyed by
Art project words. ‘| love text messages but the initial set of 23 introji include
Rebecca Evie Lynch miss the reassurance of visual and ‘happy in my bubble’, ‘need help
physical cues like smiles and hugs, getting out of my bubble’ ‘shhh,
As an introvert, British curator and she explains, ‘so emoji give a little bit computer time’, ‘time with pets’, ‘TV
artist Rebecca Evie Lynch wished of context to messages. | hope my binge’ and ‘crowd anxiety’.
there were emoji to convey when she introji do the same, but in a way that
needed some alone time. She set reflects more complex aspects of
about designing a set of ‘introji’ human interaction.
characters that could express the
EMOJI SPECTRUM
Interactive art installation
F AMT icipation
Callum Copley

London-based artist and designer

Callum Copley created the Emoji
Spectrum as an outcome of an earlier
project entitled The Short Range
vigilance
Future Forecasting Study. |n an essay
Copley wrote to accompany the
installation, he draws comparisons
between emoji and the Isotype
pictograms designed in the 1930s
by Gerd Arntz and Otto Neurath. He nget
explains further that the standard ae
emoji set of yellow faces don’t seem
to represent a number of emotions
named on psychologist Robert
Plutchik’s emotion wheel diagram.
For example, Copley believes that
there are no emoji for aggressiveness,
contempt, remorse, disapproval or
submission. Furthermore, Copley
argues that written language Is in
danger of being polluted and
corrupted by the use of and reliance
on ‘these melodramatic symbols’.

The piece explores how digitally

mediated communication is changing
the way we feel. ‘By plotting emoji
against Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotion,
it is possible to visualize the short-
comings of the icons at expressing the
full range of human emotion, Copley
explains. ‘This installation invited the
public to reassess the inaccuracies
of such a communication method
and explore the ambiguity of these
pictograms that make up an ever This interactive art installation aims to
growing proportion of our language’ highlight the way emoji fail to represent the
full range of human emotion.
 3/@
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 EMOJISTUFF.COM To further prove its love of Apple’s
Emoji-themed merchandise proprietary emoji, emojistuff.icom has
Richard Trautmann created a Google Chrome extension
entitled Emoji Input which allows
OK, so you love emoji. But do you users to view and Input Apple-style
love them enough to cuddle one? emoji in a text input field on any
Emojistuff.com sells a range of website, including Twitter and Gmail.
13-inch plush emoji character pillows Emojistuff.com’s Richard Trautmann
that enable buyers to do just that! explains:
For those not quite ready to purchase
a smiley cushion, you can also get ‘My emoji story began when | received
emoji-adorned one-inch pin badges the @ emoji from my sister on my
and simply select the most appro- iPhone. At that time, you had to either
priate one to wear, depending on how jailbreak your phone or download
you feel that day. some special app in order to enable
the option to choose the emoji

GOO we
keyboard. Years went by and my statuses et cetera. When the popu- giving one to a friend and them loving
friends and | used a lot of emoji. We larity of emoji started to explode, | it. | think emoji bring happiness and
made whole sentences and told decided to publish my extension and good vibes by their very nature, and
stories with emoji. We'd create elab- it took off! When it reached 30,000 that there’s something extra special
orate emoji art to make fun of each users, friends started asking if | was and happy about holding the physical
other. We each had a specific emoji making money from it. | figured if | emoji in your hands, or cuddling it,
that the rest of the group would use charged 99 cents for my extension, I'd after you've seen it so many times on
in place of our name. be lucky to keep 300 users. It wasn't ascreen.
worth $300 to me; I'd rather have
Besides using emoji on my phone, 30,000 users! What | did know is that
| wanted to use them on my computer. | had a bunch of people that loved
I'm a web developer and nothing yet emoji. So | created emojistuff.com to
existed that would help me, so | built start selling emoji-themed products.
a Chrome Extension for myself. It lets
you see emoji in websites and also | enjoy thinking about people around
pick emoji to use in tweets, messages, the world receiving my products, or
EMOTICOKE suffix was available, and EJE Puerto
Ad campaign Rico thought that was the best fit
Coca-Cola/EJE Puerto Rico as it could potentially stand for ‘we
smile. The idea behind this activity
For a highly unusual brand campaign, was to offer the various smiley-face
advertising agency EJE Puerto Rico domain names as prizes to people
registered URLs for every emoji who engaged with the campaign.
character that conveys happiness.
Entering any of the smiley-face URLs ‘The vast majority of our audience
(which appeared in traditional media, now visits our website via a mobile
including huge outdoor billboards) device, explains Alejandro Gomez,
into a mobile web browser, along president of Coca-Cola Puerto Rico.
with the .ws suffix, led people directly ‘And since emoji have become a
to a landing page on Coca-Cola’s kind of second language for Coke’s
Puerto Rico website addressed as younger consumers, we felt this
emoticoke.com. was a great opportunity to connect
on a deeper level with our most
At the time the campaign was important demographic.
launched, emoji weren't accepted on
more heavily used domains such as
.com, .net and .org — but Samoa’s .ws

i 68 Geu
seleye

||
;
7. €

| www.facebook.com/carlos.rivera

) [email protected]

|
|
|
 ition
Coca-Cola Puerto Rico launched a compet
that gave Coke drinkers a chance to win smiley-
face emoji URLs.

? 68x GBB
 LINE MESSAGING APP typed. This means users don't have
Communication network to trawl through every single emoji
LINE to find the one they need at any
given moment.
In the wake of the 2011 tsunami
that struck Japan, more than 18,000 Another innovative contribution to
people had been confirmed dead and the culture of incorporating graphics
most of Japan’s telephone systems into text messages introduced by
had been destroyed. With the net- the company is its LINE Creators
works down, many people had no Market initiative, which essentially
way of calling friends and relations functions like an AppStore for sticker
to find out if they were safe. Out of developers. Launched in April 2014,
this disaster, LINE was born: a global it allows illustrators and designers
mobile messaging platform created to upload and sell their own stickers.
to allow people to connect over WiFi, LINE users can buy and use the -
even if their network was down. sticker sets, which are proving
almost unbelievably popular. Accord-
Now, LINE has hundreds of millions ing to figures from LINE, in the first
of users worldwide and has become six months of the existence of their
well known for its stickers and emoji Creator’s Market, over 270,000
as well as for providing mobile gaming creators hailing from 145 different
and a feature that allows users to countries had registered with the
text and call each other from their service. As well as independent
smartphones through their web data designers, famous entertainers,
plan. Rather like WhatsApp, this companies, local government organ-
means users are essentially talking izations and sports teams, many
over the Internet rather than ona other individuals and groups have
phone line, and so can message and also uploaded and sold their own
chat (and send emoji and stickers) stickers by the millions.
for free.
The number of sticker sets on sale
LINE provides literally thousands through the platform exceeds 30,000
of illustrated stickers, created by and, in the first six months of its
individual illustrators as well as life, LINE Creators Market generated
by companies including Disney, total sales of 3.59 billion yen, with
Aardman, Sony and more. These a staggering total of 35.95 million
can be Inserted into text messages sticker sets purchased. The top 10
like emoji or sent individually at a sticker sets sold each achieved an
slightly larger size. LINE has also average of 36.8 million yen in sales
created a nifty ‘auto-suggest’ feature (about £206,000), with the top
which sees suggested emoji pop up 1,000 sets averaging 2.7 million yen
in response to certain words being (£15,000).

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 os =
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LINE, a global mobile
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messaging platform
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——{ to connect over WiFi
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and send emoji-

LINE style stickers.

LINE
LINE Friends: Fun Phrases
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EMOJI SET FOR LINE
Emoji stickers
Dan Woodger

As well as encouraging entrepre-

neurial designers to create and sell
(or give away) their own stickers and
emoji, LINE proactively commissions
stickers and emo}i from illustrators
whose work they love. This spread
and the next show just some of the
1,000 illustrated emoji created for
LINE by UK illustrator Dan Woodger.
He explains:

‘| was approached in January 2014

by the Art Director at LINE LA to
produce a set of 1,000 emoji for
an emo}! library they were building
for use with the LINE app. It was
an incredibly challenging project —
especially putting in such long hours
— but it has been hugely rewarding.
My illustrations are now being used
by millions of people every day.

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ELECTIONS IN EMOJI ‘My real inspiration is my 19-year-old

Voting initiative daughter, says Parkinson of the
Preston City Council project. ‘We exchange emoticons and
emoji in texts, we make stories using
Preston City Council in the UK looked emojl and have fun with emoji. But we
to the power of emoji to galvanize were having a conversation one night
young voters in the run up to the — | was telling her about what! do and
general election in May 2015. Stephen she said “But Dad, my vote doesn’t
Parkinson, Preston City Council's make a difference, does it?” — and it
head of communication, briefed local struck me: emo}! are how we can
illustrator and animator Dave engage with a young audience. If we
Robinson to create an animated cam- create a narrative using emoji, it could
paign film that used emoji (all drawn explain in a really simple way why you
specially by Robinson) to highlight should vote’
myriad reasons why it’s important
to vote.

——

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 Cat Emoticons Table Flipping Emoticons

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Peiisaa ues

Cats are probably my favourite animal and what better way to celebrate that The original table flipping emoticon is (7 *s°) 7 —~—+— followed by the guy
then with a giant page of kaomoji cat emoticons! Seriously, how cute are some who puts the table back ~———-_ /(* */) and then followed by flipping the guy
of these kaomoji cats? Fun fact: the Japanese word for cat is “neko” and the who put the table back (7 °O°) 7 ~/(.2.)
sound they make in Japanese is “nya”. Feel free to add alittle “nya” to any of
these emoticons to make them extra Japanese. There are however a ton of other table flipping emoticons, so many in fact that I
felt they deserved their own category instead of being included in the other
Cats are pretty much just most regular Japanese emoticons with =’s added to actions section. There are people flipping tables, bears flipping tables, flipping
them as whiskers. ~’s can also be used for ears and you can use *I* fora cat’s tables with magic and even tables flipping people in this category of Japanese
nose. Some of these cats get pretty elaborate and I’m highly impressed with emoticons. | also included in here some other things being flipped as well.
some of them!
Some of these kaomoji are even throwing tables at people! What jerks! You
can also take pretty much any emoticon with raised arms, put on of these flying
Cats with Anime Eyes
tables in front of it and just like that you have a new flipping table emoticon.
These cat emoticons look like they’d belong in an anime. Something about Os
for eyes especially makes me think of the Azumanga Diaoh cat.

(wo) (®wo)) (*Owo*) ¢ *a’) 7 1 I ay)

(<OI0=) (Owe) (30) ieee) (/omo)/ 3+—

(Dv) oyito)) (=MAV=) (JB no) 2 (0'o) (¢ *o’) _. yooqaoes

The site catalogues over 10,000 Japanese-style kaomoji.

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JAPANESEEMOTICONS.ME emotion such as happiness (~ [HJ © ) allows users to easily find and copy
Web resource and smartphone app or sadness (* 4 %) or a specific activity kaomoji to use in their text messages.
Peter Saydak like dancing -((= (4) =) or even Users can add certain emoticons to
different animals including bears T+? their favourites list, which can be
Canadian emoticon fan Peter Saydak and cats (=..4=). There’s even a whole reorganized easily to make finding
has compiled an impressively vast section devoted to table-flipping specific emoticons super quick and
number (over 10,000) of Japanese- emoticons starting with the original easy. The app also includes a
style kaomoji emoticons on his (Jen2)J . LL. design-your-own-emoticon feature.
website japaneseemoticons.me. He's
helpfully grouped the emoticons to As well as the website, Saydak has
guide users to the one they need — developed a smartphone app (for both
whether it’s to convey a particular Apple and Android platforms) that

VY OSX Bea
EMENTICONS
Promotional emoji set
Mentos

Working with advertising agency BBH

London, mint brand Mentos created
its own set of 10 ‘ementicons. Each
ementicon character takes the form
of around Mentos mint sporting a
face created by illustrator Geneviéve
Gauckler. The character set incorpor-
ates crazy faces to mean ‘awkward’,
‘romantic’ and the super-enthusiastic
‘double-like’ In addition, a free app
was created for both Apple and
Android users that would embed
an ementicons keyboard in phone
Operating systems, enabling the use
of ementicons in precisely the same
way that regular emoji are used.

2068 GEG
EMOJI DICK sentence selected for inclusion in the
Book/art project book. Benenson calculated that over
Fred Benenson 800 people spent approximately
3,795,980 seconds working to create
Emoji Dick is a crowdsourced and the book, with each contributor being
Kickstarter-funded translation of paid five US cents per translation and
Herman Melville’s novel Moby Dick two cents per vote.
into emoji. In his 2009 Kickstarter
proposal for the project, its creator The US Library of Congress added
Fred Benenson explained, ‘l’m Emoji Dick to its collection in early
interested in the phenomenon of 2013. ‘l am very pleased that the
how our language, communications Library was able to add this work to
and culture are influenced by digital its collections, said Michael Neubert,
technology. Emoji are either a low a recommending officer for the
point or a high point in that story, so Library of Congress’ collections.
| felt | could confront a lot of our ‘There is, in the literal sense, no other
shared anxieties about the future of book in the Library’s collections like
human expression by forcing a great it. What is striking for the Library’s
work of literature through such a collections about this work is that it
strange new filter. takes a known classic of literature
and converts it to a construct of our
Each of the book’s 10,000 sentences modern way of communicating,
were translated three times by crowd- making possible an investigation of
workers via the Amazon Mechanical the question, “Is it still a literary
Turk website (an online marketplace classic when written in a kind of
where workers can choose to take on smartphone-based pidgin language?”
small tasks and get paid). The three he added. ‘Simply demonstrating
translations were then assessed and that it is possible is interesting in
voted on by another set of workers, that regard?
with the most popular version of each
wosad
Call me Ishmael.

Bea
Some years ago--never mind how long precisely--having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to
interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about alittle and see the watery part of the world.

GxsH?76¢@
It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating the circulation.

@eF
RNSCeCSexee
Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul;
whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear ofevery funeral I
meet; and especially whenever my hypos get such an upper hand of me, that it requires a strong moral principle to
prevent me from deliberately stepping into the street, and methodically knocking people's hats off--then, I account it
high time to get to sea as soon as I can.

$4208
This is my substitute for pistol and ball.

BaGGaBAG
With a philosophical flourish Cato throws himself upon his sword; I quietly take to the ship.

@4#2ce@BRo
There is nothing surprising in this.

26e8e0x8
If they but knew it, almost all men in their degree, some time or other, cherish very nearly the same feelings towards
the ocean with me.

ABR Ae
There now is your insular city of the Manhattoes, belted round by wharves as Indian isles by coral reefs--commerce
surrounds it with her surf.

neve Xd
Right and left, the streets take you waterward.

bd OORKA
Its extreme downtown is the battery, where that noble mole is washed by waves, and cooled by breezes, which a few
hours previous were out of sight of land.

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THE EMOJI REDESIGN
PROJECT
Design project
Vittorio Perotti and Giulia Zoavo

Having discovered and used Apple’s

proprietary emoji set for a couple of BOS
years, Milan-based illustrator Giulia
Zoavo and art director Vittorio Perotti
couldn't shake the feeling that they
didn’t fully subscribe to how the emoji
looked. They decided that they would
recreate each emoji in a graphically
flatter, more contemporary visual
style. The result, their Emoji Redesign
Project, features 845 emoji. The
challenge was to redesign the current
emoji, maintaining their meaning and
soul, but changing their appearance,
giving them a contemporary style; the
pair explains. ‘Fresh, flat and simple:
these were the three keywords we
kept in mind during our work:

To help celebrate the completion of

the full set of redesigned emoji, the
duo sell various emoji-adorned
products on their site, including
printed T-shirts, sweatshirts and
mobile phone cases.

The design duo’s

‘fresh, flat and
simple’ revamp of
Apple’s emoji set.

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EMOJI T-SHIRTS
Apparel
Primark

Clothing store Primark has been

creating apparel sporting emoji for
a few seasons, mainly T-shirts. The
most recent additions to the range
feature the See No Evil monkey emoji.
IS IER BEARNONE
Ht NT NPS
 The diary-like app
allows users to record
feelings in both text
and emoji.

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EMOJIARY regular users with additional new as means of distraction, explains All
iPhone app characters, and it’s possible to buy Tomorrows’ Albert Lee. ‘After proto-
All Tomorrows themed packs of emoji to make your typing a few versions, it became clear
journal more fun and express more that a visual method for recording
Created by New York-based product feelings. The creators of the app hope your feelings was far more effective
design studio All Tomorrows, Emojiary that it will enable users to tap into than just text. Hence the use of emoji.
is an iPhone app that functions as a their feelings and experience the Emoji are inherently emotional and
visual diary to record your feelings In reflective benefits of keeping a diary, expressive in nature and especially
both emoji and text form on a daily and to better see the connections useful in achat context, so Emojiary
basis. The way it works is that the between how they feel and what utilizes a chat interface as the
app chats with you, prompting you to they do. primary mode of user interaction.
record your feelings each day. Then,
over time, you can look back on all ‘The primary need we wanted to
your entries as short combinations of explore was that of self-reflection and
emoji that chart your emotional ups utilizing the phone as a way to pro-
and downs. Emojiary also rewards mote that self-reflection and not just

VYCOS* BBN
BIG LEBOWSKEMOJI
Art project
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Matthew Haughey

On 11 May 2015 Matthew Haughey,

a senior content marketer at Slack
are
Technologies, sent a series of five
Big Lebowskemoji tweets that, when
interpreted, represent the entire plot
of the 1998 cult Coen brothers film
The Big Lebowski. lf the challenge
of translating each line of emoji (a
specific scene in the movie) is too
much, you can find an annotated
Bt eer
version of the project on Haughey’s
website, matt.haughey.com.
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The project sees key scenes from cult film
The Big Lebowski transcribed into strings of
emoji characters.

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SEX EMOJIS
Design project
Andrew Fox

On the face of it, UK illustrator

Andrew Fox’s self-initiated Sex Emojis
project might seem alittle indulgent;
gratuitous, even. But Fox explains
that the project was an exercise in
reduction: ‘Inspired by apps such as
Tinder, | decided to come up with a
series of emoji that reduce sexual
acts into simple designs. | guess
you could call ita comment on our
generation's attitude towards
Internet-enabled casual hook-ups.
| figured that the next logical (yet
slightly depressing) step was to do
away with written conversation
entirely (or at least as much as
possible) in favour of straight-to-the-
point emoji. Like language itself, the
way we communicate online is forever
evolving. With text talk (c u l[8r) and
emoji now so commonplace, it seems
as though reduction is key to the
future of digital communication?
 EMOJI DAYDREAM
Art project
Able Parris

Using an app called Phonto to add

emoji characters to his own
aS photographs, US-based artist and
hee
a
he
creative director Able Parris regularly
Ph creates imagery that places emo}
yoeo characters in real-life scenarios and
i
posts them on his Instagram stream.
There, you might see emoji helicopters
turning somersaults against a clear
blue sky above a cityscape; emo]!
boats drifting along the East River
towards Brooklyn Bridge; or an emoji
monkey sitting on the lap of aman
travelling on the subway. Welcome to
Emoji Daydream!

Able Parris creates

his Emoji Daydream
images using an app
called Phonto to
insert emo}! into his
own photography.

68 BOB
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wn - mE
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So, | just reached 25 million
followers
DESIGNER CHARACTERS
lf you could create a new emoji, what
would it be? We asked a number of
image-makers from around the world
to design new emoji characters they
wish really existed.
LOBSTER CLAW HIPSTER COFFEE
Ali Graham Hey Studio

‘My thinking behind my lobster claw ‘Hipsters have been driving the
emoji was that it could be used ina specialist coffee market for a few
dining context, in a flirtatious way years, and nothing symbolizes the
(to give someone a cheeky pinch), hipster better than a waxed mous-
combined with the fist emoji on the tache. So our emoji represents not
first day of the month (pinch punch) just any old takeaway coffee, but a
or even combined with the Easter hipster coffee — usually the best
Island head if you’re a B52s fan!’ you'll find in town!’
HEAVY PENCIL MIND BLOWN
Rob Flowers FL@33

‘This happy and obviously heavy ‘There are a couple of missing emoji
pencil is for use on those occasions that | would use a lot. A “no brainer”
when you want to put a date in the and also the “mind blown” emoji that
diary for a catch up with a friend’ | chose to create on this occasion.
This emoji would replace my regular
use of emoticons O_O and O_o and
the alternative “OMG” and “un-be-lie-
vable” to express utter astonishment.’

ALK SS
 GRAMOPHONE, FAN, GHETTO
BLASTER & BUCKET AND
SPADE
Crispin Finn

‘Our four new emoji describe some

of those small but important details
of life: the gramophone for vinyl
music lovers like ourselves; the fan
to express keeping it cool under
pressure or to humorously describe
your fandom; the ghetto blaster
for when you really need to play it
loud; and the bucket and spade for
those essential moments of holiday
downtime.

e
GGG z
ARK OD
TYPO
Peskimo

‘Our emoji features a gentleman

octopus at a keyboard that’s just done
a typo. We use stickers and emoji
regularly and haven't got one for that!’

UNDO
Matt Chase

‘| personally would make great use of

this — a convenient “Apple + Z” (the
keyboard shortcut for “undo”) for all
those moments in your life when you
wish you could undo the thing you’ve
just done or uttered (or would simply
like to chastise your iPhone’s
auto-correct function).
 JUST KIDDIN
Friso Blankevoort

‘When it comes to expressing your-

self via emoji, it can be tricky to
express negative emotions. There’s
nothing stronger than an angry
smiley or a “thumbs down”. But
sometimes | do miss expressions of
irony, a face-palm or maybe even a
xk YOU middle finger. You have to be careful
Mr Bingo with those though, because negative
emotions might seem a lot more
‘| often need to respond to people extreme in writing than in person.
with this but, for some reason, angry So, to minimize misunderstandings,
or negative emoji seem to be really I've prepared a “just kiddin” emoji.
lacking from the sets I’ve seen. As soon as you've gone a little too
far (or when you're afraid that the
person you're conversing with might
not get that you're joking), this one
comes In handy.
BAD HANGOVER
Noma Bar

‘After exploring various options, it

occurred to me that drawing a head,
but with a boxing glove where the
brain should be, best describes the
feeling of a really bad headache. This
would probably be most used as a
bad hangover emoji.
OH SHIT
Noma Bar

‘Inspired by the classic poo emoji,

this particular pile of shit requires
a second look: the sides of the poo
form silhouettes of screaming
people, their eyes formed from the
flies buzzing around the poo. This is
the emoji to reach for when the shit
really hits the fan!’

UL Kes
CAT, DUCK, KOALA & PANDA
Lucy Vigrass

‘Having a four-year-old that enjoys

delving into my phone, | wanted to
create a series of emo}! that would be
fun for her to discover and to add to
the messages we send to grandma.
 VOLUME TURNED UPTO 11 JUGGALO
Julian Morey Nick Shea

‘My emoji was inspired by the cult ‘| think we can all agree that Juggalos
classic mockumentary Spinal Tap, in (infamous fans of the horrorcore group
which all the knobs on lead guitarist Insane Clown Posse) are sorely under-
Nigel Tufnel’s custom-made Marshall represented in the emoji lexicon.
amplifier go up to 11, rather than the Ideally this would exist as one ina
standard 10. It is (quoting Tufnel) series of specific subculture emoji-
“for when you need that extra push
over the cliff”

GaG “e
VINYL RECORD SKATEBOARDING DINOSAUR
Studio Emmi Matthew Bromley

‘Music made me do it! | got into design ‘For some crazy reason there isn't a
because of music, and | get the energy skateboard emoji in the standard set,
to stay in design because of music. and | wanted to right that particular
Besides, the vinyl record was missing wrong. So | created a skateboarding
from standard emoji sets — yet they dinosaur that could be used by all of
have a minidisc? Vinyl is much more us skaters to succinctly communicate
relevant to music lovers than the that we're busy skating!’
minidisc has ever been!’

kes GH0
METAL SET (SATAN SYMBOL,
PENTAGRAM & BEER CAN)
Tane Williams

‘I’ve been listening to LOTS of metal

lately and have found myself unable
to communicate the METAL effectively
with traditional emoji (except for
maybe @ ), so | have created these
three new emoji on that theme. These
are for the metalheads!’

XK Yes GG
WORKING HARD & BEINGA
DICK
Jan Kallwejt

‘l’m a big believer that if you work

hard, you get back what you put in —
so | created this happy “working hard”
emoji.|’m also a believer that every-
one should be themselves. Unless, of
course, they’re being a dick. | couldn't
resist the opportunity to make this
emoji for when you need to tell some-
one to stop being a dick.
PAIN IN THE ARSE HUMPING BUNNIES
Richard Hogg TwoPoints

‘This emoji is intended to represent a ‘Innuendo is all well and good, but the
sore bum - either literally, after eating real power of emoji is that you can get
spicy food, or metaphorically. to the point and communicate what
you're thinking with just one image. So
here it is, the much-needed humping
bunnies emoji.

Axes
 JOHN AND YOKO
Serge Seidlitz

‘Is there anything that symbolizes

peace and love more succinctly than
an image of John Lennon and Yoko
Ono naked and cuddling? I’m pretty
sure there isn't. So while this is clearly
aJohn and Yoko emoji, it’s also a
peace and love emoji.

Bee Ae
BACKSTABBING FINGERS CROSSED
Margherita Urbani David Henckel

‘In general emoji are very happy and ‘| really hope my fingers crossed emoji
positive, playing off good or quirky makes it into your emoji book!’
vibes. Being a critical person, |
wanted to create an emo}! that was
a little more harsh and showed one
of the darker feelings that we all
have sometimes.

AR KOSS BEB
BACON
Liza Nelson

‘Why do we need a bacon emoji? We don't need every single fruit found the burger. When was the last time
Because |’ve had to settle for sashimi at the grocery store (along with some anyone suggested a Renaissance-
or a kebab too many times. Because that have never before been spotted Fair-status turkey leg for dinner and
I’ve had to spell out the incredibly long in the produce section ... anywhere) found that emoji to be a real time-
word B-A-C-O-N on a very hungover when we're missing something that is saver? My point here is that the
Saturday morning too many times. one of the major food groups all on creators of emoji vastly underestim-
Because I've had to waste precious its own. Because they gave us a CD, ated the significance of bacon in my
time texting the full sentence ‘If the a DVD, a minidisc AND a floppy disk — life and in the lives of so many other
brunch place doesn’t have bacon I’m all of which are essentially extinct. young, healthy, non-vegan Americans.
not going’ too many times. Because And don't even get me started on the And they didn’t realize that it would
bacon is one of my greatest passions unprecedented variety of padlocks have been one of the most truly
in life and in the lives of so many and blasting speakers they thought iconic, useful, time-saving, beautifully
people | love. Because there’s already we needed — that would be four of designed, honoured and cherished
a fried egg emoji but it’s just sitting each. Four. And yet only one essential, characters in the history of hiero-
there all alone. Cold. Bored. Aching savoury breakfast food. And only one glyphics. Amen.
for something to be near it. meat-related emoji | find handy at all:
. AK
*XeS GEE
FURTHER READING Websites

Bill ‘Ubi’ Dwyer

Books ukrockfestivals.com/UBI-DWYER.html

Christin, Anne-Marie.A History of The Canonical Smiley (and 1-Line

Writing: From Hieroglyph to Symbol) List by James Marshall
Multimedia. Flammarion, 2002. marshall.freeshell.org/smileys.html

Houston, Keith. Shady Characters: Emojipedia

Ampersands, Interrobangs and other emojipedia.org
Typographical Curiosities. Penguin
Books, 2013. Harvey Ball World Smile Foundation
worldsmile.org
Sanderson, David. Smileys. O'Reilly
Media, 1997. Martin K. Speckter’s interrobang
interrobang-mks.com

SmileyWorld
smiley.com

The Unicode Consortium

unicode.org/consortium/consort.html
PICTURE CREDITS Paving the Way Emoji: Born in Japan

© Interrobangs in Lucida Grande © Nick Shea (pp. 40, 44 left)

Speaking in Pictures typeface (by Charles Bigelow & Kris
Holmes) and in Wingdings 2, © Micro- © Intercity (p. 41 right)
© Apple Color Emoji (p. 8) soft Corporation; ironieteken by Bas
Jacobs of Underware; all other © Gavin Lucas, recreations of
© Wingdings (top), WebSymbols punctuation marks in Times New Shigetaka Kurita’s original emoji
(bottom) (p. 9) Roman, distributed by Monotype designs (pp. 41 left, 43, 44 right, 45,
(p. 22) 47-49, 51)
© Zapf Dingbats and Wingdings (p. 10)
© FL@33’s Tomi Vollauschek (p. 24) © Twitter (p. 46)
© Minion Ornaments, Utopia
Ornaments, Linotype Decoration Pi 1, © British Library (p. 25)
Flower Ornaments (p. 11)
© Puck, 30 March 1881, p. 65,
© scanned and provided by Monotype scanned and provided by The Ohio
Imaging (pp. 12-13) State University Billy lreland Cartoon
Library & Museum (p. 27)
© Linotype (left), © Rian Hughes
(right) (p. 14) © Nick Shea, recreation of Scott
Fahlman’s original bulletin board post
© LINE (left), © Apple Color Emoji (p. 28)
(right) (p. 15)
© O'Reilly Media (p. 29)
© Font Aid (pp. 16-17)
© FL@33’s Tomi Vollauschek (p. 30)
© Apple, Twitter, Microsoft, Samsung,
LG, Mozilla, Google, EmojiOne (p. 18) © grp, hjw and Sandra (p. 31)

© Jassinter Inc (pp. 32, 33 right and

35)

© World Smile Corporation (p. 33 left)

© MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images

(p. 34)

© Daniel Gulp (p. 36)

© Bomb the Bass (p. 37)

»Qt + sau GOO

Inspired by Emoji Who's really chatting online with Emoji Spectrum © Callum Copley
your child? © Rosapark (rosapark.fr), (callumcopley.com/Emoji-Spectrum)
Emoji IRL.LOL. © Liza Nelson (Credits: Creative Directors: Mark (op. 116=17)
(emojiirllol.tumblr.com) (pp. 54-61) Forgan and Jamie Standen, Art
Director: Mark Forgan, Copyrwriter: Emojistuff.com © Richard Trautmann
Emoji.ink website © Vince McKelvie Jamie Standen, Illustrator/ Photo- (emojistuff.com) (pp. 118-19)
(emoji.ink) (pp. 62-63) and grapher: Baptiste Massé, 3D
illustrations © Takakura Kazuki Production Company: Mécanique EmotiCoke © Coca-Cola/EJE Puerto
(takakurakazuki.com) (pp. 64-69) Générale) (pp. 92-95) Rico (emoticoke.com) (pp. 120-23)

Poo Emoji Light Wing Franklin Shoes #EndangeredEmoji © WWF LINE messaging app © LINE
& Button-Up Shirt © Betabrand (endangeredemoji.com) (pp. 96-97) (line.me/en; creator.line.me/en)
(betabrand.com) (pp. 70-73) (pp. 124=27)
The Emoji Art & Design Show
Symphonieorchester © Bureau Mirko © Forced Meme Productions & Emoji set for LINE © Dan Woodger
Borsche (mirkoborsche.com) Eyebeam Art + Technology Center (danwoodger.com) (pp. 128-31)
(pp. 74-77) (emojishow.com; forcedmeme.com;
eyebeam.org) (pp. 98-103) Elections in Emoji © Preston City
IKEA Emoji © IKEA BV. Nederland Council, film by Dave Robinson
(ikea.com/nl/nl/campagne/emoticons. BFF lapel pin © Valley Cruise Press (preston.gov.uk; daverob.co.uk)
html), (Credits: Concept & App Design: (valleycruisepress.com) (p. 104) (pp. 132-33)
Lemz, Emoticons Design: Sue
Doeksen, App Developer: Elements Emoji pins © Pintrill (pintrill.com) JapaneseEmoticons.me © Peter
Interactive, Film Production: 310K, (pp. 105-107) Saydak (japbaneseemoticons.me)
Sound: Studio De Keuken, Animation: (pp. 134-35)
Erik Post, PR: NewsLab) (pp. 78-83) Emoji Passcode © Intelligent
Environments Ementicons © Mentos (ementicons.
Cindy Sherman-icon © Hyo Ju Hong (intelligentenvironments.com) (p. 108), mentos.com/en_GB), (Credits:
(cindysherman-icon.tumblr.com) © Gavin Lucas (p. 109) Producer: Laura Graham, Creatives:
(pp. 84-85) Sara Watson and Laura Osbourne,
2015 NCAA Tournament Emoji © Julia Creative Directors: Shelley Smoler and
Politicons © +rehabstudio Heffernan for The Washington Post Raphael Baschkin, Illustrator:
(rehabstudio.com/thinking/politicons) (juliaheffernan.com) (pp. 110-11) Genevieve Gauckler, Client: Daan
(pp. 86-91) Simonis, Mentos and Perfetti Van
Emoji-nation © Nastya Nudnik Melle, Director of films: Matthew
(behance.net/fefe) (pp. 112-13) Pollock, Film Production Company:
Indy8, App Production Company:
Introji © Rebecca Evie Lynch Monterosa) (pp. 136-37)
(constructiveperseverance.tumblr.com
/introji) (pp. 114-15) Emoji Dick © Fred Benenson
(emojidick.com) (pp. 138-41)

Goo He
The Emoji Redesign Project © Vittorio Designer Characters juggalo © Nick Shea (nickshea.com)
Perotti and Giulia Zoavo (p. 176 right)
(emojisgoflat.com) (pp. 142-45) lobster claw © Ali Graham (grarg.com)
(p. 166 left) vinyl record © Studio Emmi
Primark © Allison Hekimian (p. 146), (emmi.co.uk) (p. 177 left)
© Kylie Hong and Ida Lai (p. 147), hipster coffee © Hey Studio
© Peaches Beer-Jones (heystudio.es) (p. 166 right) skateboarding dinosaur © Matthew
(stylepeaches.blogspot.co.uk) (p. 148), Bromley (madebybromley.com) (p. 177
© Primark (p. 149) heavy pencil © Rob Flowers right)
(robflowers.co.uk) (p. 167 left)
Emojiary © All Tomorrows metal set (Satan symbol, pentagram
(emojiary.com) (pp. 150-51) mind blown © FL@33’s Tomi & beer can) © Tane Williams
Vollauschek (flat33.com) (p. 167 right) (tanewilliams.com) (pp. 178-79)
Big Lebowskemoji © Matthew
Haughey (matt.haughey.com) gramophone, fan, ghetto blaster & working hard & being a dick © Jan
ppulaZ—53) bucket and spade © Crispin Finn Kallwejt (kallwejt.com) (p. 180)
(crispinfinn.com) (pp. 168-69)
Sex emojis © Andrew Fox pain in the arse © Richard Hogg
(behance.net/afox) (pp. 154-55) typo © Peskimo (peskimo.com) (p. 170 (hO99.com) (p. 181 left)
left)
Emoji Daydream © Able Parris humping bunnies © TwoPoints
(ableparris.com) (pp. 156-63) undo © Matt Chase (chasematt.com) (twopoints.net) (p. 181 right)
(p. 170 right)
John and Yoko © Serge Seidlitz
*x*** YOU © Mr Bingo (sergeseidlitz.com) (p. 182)
(mr-bingo.org.uk) (p. 171 left)
backstabbing © Margherita Urbani
just kiddin © Friso Blankevoort (margheritaurbani.com) (p. 183 left)
(frisoblankevoort.nl) (p. 171 right)
fingers crossed © David Henckel
bad hangover & oh shit © Noma Bar (davidhenckel.com) (p. 183 right)
(dutchuncle.co.uk/noma-bar)
(p17 2-73) bacon © Liza Nelson (lizanelson.com)
(p. 185)
cat, duck, koala & panda © Lucy
Vigrass (lucyvigrass.co.uk)
(pp. 174-75)

volume turned up to 11 © Julian

Morey (abc-xyz.co.uk) (p. 176 left)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thank you to everyone who Sincere thanks also to Paul Barnes; Aversion of ‘The Evolution of the
contributed to this book, not least Laura Graham at BBH; Alastair Coe Dingbat’ first appeared in the July
to Jeff Blagdon for his invaluable and all at Big Active; Friso ‘Freshco’ 2012 issue of Creative Review.
input and for his kind facilitating of Blankevoort; Andrea in the Rare Books
an interview with the godfather of & Music reading room, and all at the A version of Born in Japan by Jeff
emoji himself, Shigetaka Kurita. British Library; Matthew Bromley; Blagdon first appeared on The Verge
Thanks also to Nagaomi Kawaharada Matt Chase; Patrick Burgoyne, Paul on 4 March 2013:
for his assistance with said interview. Pensom and all at Creative Review; theverge.com/2013/3/4/3966140/
Anna, Roger and Finn at Crispin Finn; how-emoji-conquered-the-world
Particular thanks must go to my Angela Henao and all at DDB; Rob
editor Ali Gitlow for her input, Flowers; Kelly Reeves and all at
enthusiasm, guidance, support and Forced Meme Productions; Leo Walton
patience — and also to Tomi and and Patrick Marling at Golden Age;
Agathe at design studio FL@83 for Ali Graham; Jon and Tom at
doing such a great job turning a Handsome Frank; Julia Heffernan;
bunch of words and images into this David Henckel; Hey Studio; Richard
splendid book. Hogg; Rian Hughes; Nathan Gale and
William Hibbert at Intercity; Mr Isao
Takahashi at JASS International Inc.;
Martha Jay; Jan Kallwejt; Anna Kelly;
Mercedes Kraus; Jenny Yoo, Dooee
Kim, Kim Helen and all at LINE;
Professor Peter J. Lucas; Daniel
Rhatigan and all at Monotype; Julian
Morey; Mum; Liza Nelson; Susan
Liberator, Marilyn Scott and all at Ohio
State University Libraries; Teri Finn at
O’Reilly Media, Inc.; Camilla Parsons
at Outline Artists; Peskimo; Andy
Rementer; Emmi Salonen; Serge
Seidlitz; Nick Shea; Erik Spiekermann;
Martin and Lupi at TwoPoints;
Margherita Urbani; Lucy Vigrass; and
Tane Williams. Extra special thanks to
Ravi and Amber.
 AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Gavin Lucas is a writer and editor

with over 10 years’ experience of
publishing content across multiple
platforms both on and offline.
Formerly a senior writer at leading
communication arts journal Creative
Review, he has authored books that
have been published in multiple
language editions on guerrilla adver-
tising, button badges and BMX bikes.
He is an obsessive collector of art,
music and books — and even more
obsessive about his love of burgers
which has seen him blog, exhibit,
lecture and enthuse on the subject
at events and for clients all over the
world. Gavin is co-founder of illus-
tration agency Outline Artists and
lives in London with his wife Ravi and
daughter Amber.

© Leo Cackett (leocackett.com)

Ger > ( Vv)

Agee + \ute
 © Prestel Verlag, Munich - London - Prestel Publishing Ltd.
New York, 2016 14-17 Wells Street Editorial direction:
iy London W1T 3PD Ali Gitlow
CC © for the text by Gavin Lucas and Tel. +44 (0)20 7323-5004
to Jeff Blagdon, 2016 Fax +44 (0)20 7323-0271 Copyediting and proofreading:
Martha Jay
ar © for the images see page 187, 2016 Prestel Publishing
er 900 Broadway, Suite 603 Design and layout:
Tk Front cover, chapter divider New York, NY 10003 Torni Vollauschek and Agathe
fo illustrations and running feet: Tel. +1 (212) 995-2720 Jacquillat, FL@33
© FL@33’s Tomi Vollauschek using Fax +1212) 995-2733
Pé Apple Color Emoji Production:
ec www.prestel.com Friederike Schirge
er Back cover: Liza Nelson’s ‘Party’ emoji
from her Emoji IRL.LOL. project Origination:
Ag Library of Congress Control Number: Reproline Mediateam, Munich
dc 2015957043
bt Every effort has been made to Printing and binding:
SE contact the copyright holders. Any British Library Cataloguing-in- TBB a.s., Banska Bystrica
copyright holders we have been Publication Data: a catalogue record
unable to reach or to whom in- for this book is available from the Printed in Slovakia
accurate acknowledgement has been British Library;
made please contact the publisher, ISBN 978-3-7913-8150-3

Vas
and full adjustments will be made to Deutsche Nationalbibliothek holds
all subsequent printings. a record of this publication in the
Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;
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This book celebrates emoji, the world’s
cutest and most popular form of shorthand.

Originally created for on-screen use by a

Japanese mobile phone provider in the late
1990s, emoji are now an international
communication phenomenon. The Story of
Emoji traces their history; showcases various
photography, design and fashion projects
that convey their widespread impact on
contemporary culture; and includes ideas
for new emoji characters created by artists
and illustrators.