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POE Assignment 2

Philosophy of Engineering (SRM Institute of Science and Technology)

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STEAM PYRAMID ANALYSIS - IS ART CONTEXT NECESSARY?

Introduction of ART in STEM Education

STEM education was introduced in the United States in 2003 with the aim of increasing
competitiveness in the fields of science and technology. This educational approach combines the
teaching of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. In 2007, George Yakman
introduced the concept of STEAM, which combines the arts with the STEM curriculum. Yakman
proposed the STEAM Pyramid, as shown in the givenFigure, to increase the relevance of STEM
education to real-world situations and personal interests. Many educators advocated about the
inclusion of the arts in STEM education, which led to the STEAM approach. This approach
recognizes the interdependence of science and art, with science providing a methodological tool
for art and art being the creative model for the development of science. Science uses imagination
and emotion, recognizing the power of visual principles in art, while art uses scientific
discoveries and scientific principle.

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Art is a wide range of human activities (or the products thereof) that involve creative imagination
and an aim to express technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas. The
three classical branches of visual art are

 Painting
 Sculpture
 Architecture.

The creative arts are often divided into specific categories, often based on identified categories
such as media, genres, styles and genres. The STEAM Pyramid was created to help teachers and
students visualize STEAM-related topics and approaches to learning at each grade level.
Understanding the process is important so that teachers can recommend appropriate lesson plans
and activities for their students. For students, they can know the subject well in each section. For
example, the fields of science involved are biology, chemistry, physics, biochemistry,
geosciences, etc. This knowledge allows students to identify their areas of interest, the potential
of each field and plan for their future. STEAM education is a comprehensive curriculum
designed to be applied to teaching and learning in primary schools, especially in first grade
science subjects. As with previous studies, STEAM education has many benefits. Some of the
benefits of STEAM education are:

 STEAM education can increase students' interest in science subjects in primary schools.
 STEAM can attract students to gain their interest in Science subjects.
 This is because STEAM approaches such as using experimental teaching methods,
simulations, projects, technology and visits allow students to learn through experience.
 The value of collaboration is the value of art that is the ability to collaborate and interact
in groups.
 STEAM is important in ensuring that creative students can be born and can solve
problems while they work the class.
 These skills will be able to guarantee in an effort to provide a multi-skilled workforce in
the 22nd century.
 STEAM can help improve social relationships among students through active learning
through questioning and discussion activities.
 Trans discipline through STEAM can help solve problems in society.
 Various inventions such as technological and scientific innovations can ease the burden
of society while doing work.
 For example, humans use robots to perform daily tasks such as sweeping, sending and
picking up goods and discussing. These changes are a result of STEAM education.

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WHAT IS ART?
Art is a wide range of human activities (or the products thereof) that involve creative imagination
and an aim to express technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas. The
three classical branches of visual art are painting, sculpture, and architecture. The creative arts
are often divided into more specific categories, typically along perceptually distinguishable
categories such as media, genre, styles, and form. Art form refers to the elements of art that are
independent of its interpretation or significance. It covers the methods adopted by the artist and
the physical composition of the artwork, primarily non-semantic aspects of the work such as
color, contour, dimension, medium, melody, space, texture, and value. Form may also include
visual design principles, such as arrangement, balance, contrast, emphasis, harmony, proportion,
proximity, and rhythm. In general there are three schools of philosophy regarding art, focusing
respectively on form, content, and context

Art has had a great number of different functions throughout its history, making its purpose
difficult to abstract or quantify to any single concept. This does not imply that the purpose of Art
is "vague", but that it has had many unique, different reasons for being created. Some of these
functions of Art are provided in the following outline. The different purposes of art may be
grouped according to those that are non-motivated, and those that are motivated

Non-motivated functions: The non-motivated purposes of art are those that are integral to
being human, transcend the individual, or do not fulfill a specific external purpose. In this sense,

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Art, as creativity, is something humans must do by their very nature (i.e., no other species creates
art), and is therefore beyond utility.

1. Basic human instinct is for harmony, balance, rhythm. Art at this level is not an action or an
object, but an internal appreciation of balance and harmony (beauty), and therefore an aspect of
being human beyond utility.

2. Experience of the mysterious. Art provides a way to experience one's self in relation to the
universe. This experience may often come unmotivated, as one appreciates art, music or poetry.

3. Expression of the imagination. Art provides a means to express the imagination in non-
grammatical ways that are not tied to the formality of spoken or written language. Unlike words,
which come in sequences and each of which have a definite meaning, art provides a range of
forms, symbols and ideas with meanings that are malleable.

4. Ritualistic and symbolic functions. In many cultures, art is used in rituals, performances and
dances as a decoration or symbol. While these often have no specific utilitarian (motivated)
purpose, anthropologists know that they often serve a purpose at the level of meaning within a
particular culture. This meaning is not furnished by any one individual, but is often the result of
many generations of change, and of a cosmological relationship within the culture.

Motivated functions: Motivated purposes of art refer to intentional, conscious actions on the
part of the artists or creator. These may be to bring about political change, to comment on an
aspect of society, to convey a specific emotion or mood, to address personal psychology, to
illustrate another discipline, to (with commercial arts) sell a product, or simply as a form of
communication

1. Art, at its simplest, is a form of communication. As most forms of communication have an

intent or goal directed toward another individual, this is a motivated purpose. Illustrative arts,
such as scientific illustration, are a form of art as communication. Maps are another example.
However, the content need not be scientific. Emotions, moods and feelings are also
communicated through art.

2. Art may seek to bring about a particular emotion or mood, for the purpose of relaxing or
entertaining the viewer. This is often the function of the art industries of Motion Pictures and
Video Games.

3. The Avant-Garde. Art is also for political change. One of the defining functions of early 20th-
century art has been to use visual images to bring about political change. Art movements that had
this goal—Dadaism, Surrealism, Russian constructivism, and Abstract Expressionism, among
others—are collectively referred to as the avant-garde arts.

4. Art as a "free zone", removed from the action of the social censure. Unlike the avant-garde
movements, which wanted to erase cultural differences in order to produce new universal values,

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contemporary art has enhanced its tolerance towards cultural differences as well as its critical
and liberating functions (social inquiry, activism, subversion, deconstruction ...), becoming a
more open place for research and experimentation.

5. Art for social inquiry, subversion or anarchy. While similar to art for political change,
subversive or deconstructive art may seek to question aspects of society without any specific
political goal. In this case, the function of art may be simply to criticize some aspect of society.

6. Art for social causes. Art can be used to raise awareness for a large variety of causes. A
number of art activities were aimed at raising awareness of autism, cancer, human trafficking,
and a variety of other topics, such as ocean conservation, human rights in Darfur, murdered and
missing Aboriginal women, elder abuse, and pollution. Trashion, using trash to make fashion,
practiced by artists such as Marina DeBris is one example of using art to raise awareness about
pollution.

7. Art for psychological and healing purposes. Art is also used by art therapists, psychotherapists
and clinical psychologists as art therapy. The Diagnostic Drawing Series, for example, is used to
determine the personality and emotional functioning of a patient. The end product is not the
principal goal in this case, but rather a process of healing, through creative acts, is sought.

8. Art for propaganda, or commercialism. Art is often utilized as a form of propaganda, and thus
can be used to subtly influence popular conceptions or mood. In a similar way, art that tries to
sell a product also influences mood and emotion. In both cases, the purpose of art here is to
subtly manipulate the viewer into a particular emotional or psychological response toward a
particular idea or object

9. Art is also a fitness indicator. It has been argued that the ability of the human brain by far
exceeds what was needed for survival in the ancestral environment. One evolutionary
psychology explanation for this is that the human brain and associated traits (such as artistic
ability and creativity) are the human equivalent of the peacock's tail. The purpose of the male
peacock's extravagant tail has been argued to be to attract females. According to this theory
superior execution of art was evolutionarily important because it attracted mates.

In conclusion, the STEAM Pyramid is a promising model for education that emphasizes the
integration of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics. While the context of
art in this model has been a topic of debate, there are several benefits to incorporating art in
STEM subjects. Art provides a creative outlet for students and encourages them to think outside
the box, while also helping them develop essential skills such as empathy and emotional
intelligence. While there are potential challenges in implementing the STEAM Pyramid, it is a
valuable model for preparing students for the real world.

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