UNIVERSITY OF CEBU

Maritime Education Program

SEAMANSHIP 1
Course: BSMT-1 Topic:
Period: 1st Sem S.Y. 2023-2024 • Deck Equipment/Machineries
Week: 9-12 • Hand and Power Tools
• Marlinspike Seamanship
Overview
• The discussion is all about various safe working practices when using deck
machineries, cargo handling gears in accordance with SOLAS
requirement, it also incudes discussion about basic signals for the
operations of deck equipment such as winches, windlass, cranes, and
hoists following the prescribed company signaling procedures, proper use
of hand tools for deck works in accordance with safe working practices
per manufacturer’s instructions, difference of fiber ropes, wire ropes,
cables, and chains in terms of their constructions, use, maintenance, and
proper stowage including applicable markings, marlinspike seamanship
(knots, splices or stoppers) and rigging and unrigging of bosun’s chair,
stage and pilot ladder in accordance with safe working practices.
Learning Outcomes
LO 4.1: Explain the various safe working practices when using deck machineries, cargo
handling gears in accordance with SOLAS requirement
LO 4.2: (LAB) Perform the basic signals for the operations of deck equipment such as winches,
windlass, cranes, and hoists following the prescribed company signaling procedures.
LO 4.3: (LAB) Use properly hand tools for deck works in accordance with safe working
practices per manufacturer’s instructions.
LO 4.4: Differentiate fiber ropes, wire ropes, cables, and chains in terms of their
constructions, use, maintenance, and proper stowage including applicable
markings.
LO 4.5: (LAB) Perform correctly the marlinspike seamanship (knots, splices or stoppers)
appropriate to a given situation and following established safe procedures and practices.
LO 4.6: (LAB) Perform the rigging and unrigging of bosun’s chair, stage and pilot ladder in
accordance with safe working practices.
Introduction
No seafarer wants to get hurt or suffer injuries while
working on ships. We all know it’s a hostile working
environment a sea and no matter how many
precautions we take, accidents are bound to happen.
In the last couple of years, a series of regulations has
been introduced and implemented to ensure safety
and security of seafarers working on ships. However,
human error is one such factor that has been a major
contributor to fatal accidents around the world.
There are a few types of life threatening accidents
which repeatedly take place on board ships in spite of
following all safety procedures, most of them because
of human error. As seafarers, it is therefore important
that you are aware of these fatal accidents and
take extra precautions to get rid of all those causes
from your working and living environment.
Topic
• Deck Equipment/Machineries
• Hand and Power Tools
• Marlinspike Seamanship
• Rigging and Unrigging of Bosun’s chair, stageboard and pilot ladder
Week 9
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

What Are Deck Machineries In a Ship?

Deck machineries are the machines you can find on the vessel
exposed deck. They are optimal on ship diverse operation namely
cargo handling, vessel securing and even for lifesaving purposes.
This equipment is typically operated by the vessel crew under the
deck department. Operating such equipment requires certain
training and competences to use properly and most safely.
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

These include deck machinery such as;

• mooring equipment
• anchor handling equipment
• cargo handling equipment
• hatch covers
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Mooring Winches
Mooring winches play an important role in
securing ships to the berth. However, during
loading and unloading procedures, the mooring
lines tighten or loosen on their own, leading to
unnecessary stresses on the winches and
sometimes even crashing of the ship against the
berth.
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
• Synthetic ropes are the most popular type of ropes used for mooring a
ship. A metallic or fibre rope usually gives prior warning signs before
breaking; however, synthetic ropes gives little or no warning (audio or
visual) which makes it dangerous to work with.

• It is therefore necessary that the mooring winches are properly handled

and monitored at all times. The most common mooring accident is
breaking and recoiling of the rope with great velocity due to its elastic
property. Hence, proper maintenance and care of mooring ropes, along
with following correct mooring operation is essential for safety of the
deck crew.
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Important Precautions When Handling Mooring Winches:

• Wind load on exposed area of ships vary with ship’s size and its cargo loading
condition. When there is high wind speed, avoid light draught as it will expose more
area to the wind, leading to more stresses on the mooring line and machinery

• Ensure to keep an eye on the stretch of the mooring rope as slackness gives rise
to high dynamic loading on the line and mooring machinery. This may happen in a
bad weather with high wind and current velocity or even in calm weather by
disturbance caused by passing of a large ship
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Important Precautions When Handling Mooring Winches:

• Shorter and steeper mooring line arrangement is 50% less effective. Always use a
long mooring rope to tie a ship

• When casting off the mooring lines avoid prominent changes of directions in the
fairleads, specially in case of wire ropes
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Do’s and Don’ts

x Do not use more turns on a winch head or wrapping than required.

This will be very critical in case the rope is of polypropylene to avoid
fusing of the fibres
X Avoid using synthetic (or fibre) rope and wire rope together through
same fairleads or on the same bitts
✔ Ensure the drum surface is smooth and free from rust or paint
✔ Store the rope in a shade (avoiding exposure from sunlight) when not
in use
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Do’s and Don’ts

✔ If the ropes (non-synthetic) are wet due to usage in rain, they should
be dried before storing or to be stored in well ventilated area
✔ Always use synthetic stopper with synthetic rope
✔ Ensure all splices are intact and have minimum number of tucks as per
the manufacturers’ recommendation
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Anchor Windlass

• The anchor windlass is fitted on the

forecastle of the ship and is used to
regulate the dropping and lifting of
the anchor and the anchor chain.
Generally, a senior officer (chief
officer) is responsible for the
operation of the windlass with help
from experienced crew members.
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Make a record of the following before the anchoring

operation:
• Anchoring position
• Way of approach
• Which side anchor to use
• Depth of water
• Method for anchoring
• Length of cables
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Operation of Anchor Windlass

• Clear the securing devices such as anchor lashings, bow
compressed bar etc.
• Check brakes are “ON”
• Start power for windlasses
• Check anchor shape / light & communication with the bridge
• Check there is enough lighting on forecastle especially at the night
time
• Ensure all personnel are wearing safety helmets, safety shoes, and
goggles
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Operation of Anchor Windlass (cont.)

• Ensure that there is no craft or obstacle under the bow and inform the
same to the bridge
• The master shall ensure that the vessel’s GPS speed at the time of
anchoring is near zero or indicates a slight sternway
• Ensure chain stopper is on place
• Once anchor position is reached, remove the stopper inserted in the link
and release brake
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Deck Crane

The deck crane is an important

machinery on the ship. For heavy
loads and cargo operations, electro-
hydraulic cranes are used, mainly to:
• Transfer cargo from ship to shore
or vice versa
• Receive or deliver stores/ spares
from port into the ship or vice versa
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Checks and Precaution:

• Visually examine the crane to ensure effective serviceability of boom,

hoist blocks, wire ropes, pulleys, lay of ropes on drums, wire rope
anchorage etc. Check the level of lubricating oil and hydraulic oil
• Check the crane controls for their correct operation before lifting any
loads
• Check serviceability of any safety devices fitted to the crane using
extreme care in this operation
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Checks and Precaution:

• Be aware of wind speed and direction

• Be aware of obstructions within crane's outreach and working area
• Ensure crane cab windows are clean for maximum visibility
• Keep crane cab and walkways free from obstructions and wash off any
oil or grease
• Ensure all safety guards are fitted
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Accommodation Ladder
• The accommodation ladder is a one-point
access to ship’s deck for shore personnel,
port lashing/cargo crew, and seafarers. Just
like any other deck equipment, the
accommodation ladder is used in port, at sea,
or in anchorage for taking pilot/ crew
onboard ship or vice versa (The same purpose
can be solved by the gangway of the ship as
well).
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Procedure for Rigging Accommodation Ladder:
For rigging the accommodation ladder, following points must be kept in mind:

• Ensure the rigger has don all important PPEs, including life jacket and safety
harness
• Switch on the electrical power supply to the winch
• Remove lashing from the accommodation ladder which is used to tie it up in
stowed position
• Using the remote control, lower the ladder by pushing the down button
• Because of the spring buffer, the ladder will cant to its horizontal position first.
Continue lowering the ladder till it reaches 2m below the hoisting arm
• Strat positioning the hand railings and stanchions on the upper platform first
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Procedure for Rigging Accommodation Ladder: (cont.)
For rigging the accommodation ladder, following points must be kept in mind:

• Continue positioning the hand rails on the ladder and connect it to the upper
platform hand railings
• Now rig the lower platform and position the barricades and stanchions on the
same
• Put safety nets around the rigged ladder
• If required, slew the ladder over the quay to achieve required position using
electrical spindle
Deck Equipment/ Machineries
Hatch Covers

A large steel structure fitted over a

hatch opening to prevent the ingress
of water into the cargo hold. It may
also be the supporting structure for
deck cargo. Various designs exist for
particular applications. The hatch
cover has to be weatherproof and has
to remain so when conditions change
as a result of waves, temperature and
cargo.
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Safety when working with hatch covers

Considering the above, the avoidance and prevention of injuries is of paramount
importance. Before working on a hatch, a risk assessment should be completed to
identify all hazards. Control and safety procedures should be examined and modified
so that hazards are reduced to minimal levels.

The following points should be borne in mind:

• Always wear the correct protective clothing, boots and hard hats;
• Always test the hold atmosphere before entering;
• Never stand on a moving hatch cover;
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Safety when working with hatch covers

• Never stand on a hatch coaming when the hatch is open;
• Never work on a hatch cover when the locking pin or hook is not fitted and
secure;
• Never open or close a hatch cover without ensuring the coaming is clear of debris
and checking that all personnel are clear of the moving hatch and its channels or
wires;
• When opening or closing a hatch, never attempt to clear an obstruction with your
hands;
• When hatches are opened at sea, always secure them to the coaming top by
lowering the wheels into a guide pocket, or by fixing restraining wires.
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Basic signals for the operation of cranes:

Week 10
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Hand and Power Tools (Uses and

Maintenance)

Chipping hammers are lightweight, hand-held

concrete breakers that can be easily positioned
to break vertical and overhead surfaces. By
offering a controlled chipping action, these
hammers allow operators to precisely chip
away only specific areas.
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Hand and Power Tools (Uses and

Maintenance)

Scraper is an instrument with which anything is

scraped
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Hand and Power Tools (Uses and

Maintenance)

A wire brush is a tool consisting of a brush

whose bristles are made of wire, most often
steel wire. The steel used is generally a
medium- to high-carbon variety and very hard
and springy. Other wire brushes feature bristles
made from brass or stainless steel, depending
on application.
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Hand and Power Tools (Uses and

Maintenance)

An angle grinder is a handheld power tool that

can be used for a variety of metal fabrication
jobs that include cutting, grinding, deburring,
finishing and polishing.
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Hand and Power Tools (Uses and

Maintenance)

A needlegun scaler, needle scaler or needle-gun

is a tool used to remove rust, mill scale, and old
paint from metal surfaces
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Hand and Power Tools (Uses and

Maintenance)

Use for smoothing, shaping and cleaning a

hard surface by forcing solid particles
across that surface at high speeds; the
effect is similar to that of using sandpaper,
but provides a more even finish with no
problems at corners or crannies.
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Hand and Power Tools (Uses and

Maintenance)

Bristle blasting is most frequently used for

removal of unwanted films and layers of
corrosion that can form on metallic surfaces.
Common applications include cleaning,
preparation, and refurbishment of iron and
steel components that are used for fabricating
bridges, ships, and pipeline systems.
Deck Equipment/ Machineries

Hand and Power Tools (Uses and

Maintenance)

Chipping hammers are lightweight, hand-held

concrete breakers that can be easily positioned
to break vertical and overhead surfaces. By
offering a controlled chipping action, these
hammers allow operators to precisely chip
away only specific areas.
Q&A Session
Thank you for listening!
Lesson
Completed