‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

Physics II (BA112N)
By
Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby
 Harmonic Sound Waves

I. Pressure Variations in Sound Waves.

II. Displacement Variations in Sound Waves.

.

Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby

 Harmonic Sound Waves
Let's do something similar for sound. If we have a piston containing undisturbed gas and the piston
move in simple harmonic motion that cause compression and rarefaction in gas and propagate along
tube

the sound wave is longitudinal, as the compressions and rarefactions travel through the tube, any small
element of the gas moves with simple harmonic motion parallel to the direction of the wave.
Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby
Pressure Variation
Distance from equilibrium ( m)
Time (sec)
 
ΔP = ΔPmaxsin  (kx - wt)× 180 
 π 
Pressure amplitude Wave number ( m-1 )
( N/m2 or Pa ) 𝟐𝝅 Angular velocity ( rad/s )
𝒌= w= 2πf
𝝀

Displacement variation
Distance from equilibrium ( m)
Time (sec)
 
S = Smaxcos  (kx - wt)× 180 
 π 
Pressure amplitude Wave number ( m-1 )
( N/m2 or Pa ) 𝟐𝝅 Angular velocity ( rad/s )
𝒌= w= 2πf
𝝀
Note w
v=
k Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby
Relation between pressure amplitude ∆𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 and displacement amplitude 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙

Density Speed of sound

ΔPmax = smaxρ v w
Angular velocity( rad/s )
w= 2πf
Pressure amplitude Displacement amplitude
( N/m2 or Pa ) Or
Maximum displacement
(m)

Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby

Note

cm 10−2 → m KHz 103 → Hz

mm 10−3 → m MHz 106 → Hz
m 10−6 → m
nm 10−9 → m

Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby

 Sheet (2) Harmonic Sound Waves
1. Calculate the pressure amplitude of a 2000 Hz sound wave in air if the displacement amplitude is
equal to 2 x10-8 m. v = 343m s −8 m
f = 2000 Hz in air
s max = 2 x 10
 = 1.29 Kg m 3

ΔPmax = smaxρ v w
w= 2πf
2
ΔPmax = smaxρ v 2f = 2 10-8 1.29  343 2 2000 = 0.11 N m
2. A sound wave in air has pressure amplitude equal to 4×l0-3 N/m2. Calculate the displacement
amplitude of the wave at frequency of 10 KHz.
. v = 343m s -3 N m 2
in air ΔP max = 4 10 f =10 KHz =10 103 Hz
 = 1.29 Kg m3
ΔPmax = smaxρ v w
w= 2πf
ΔPmax 410−3
ΔPmax = smaxρ v 2f smax = = = 1.4310−10 m
ρ v 2πf 1.29343210103 Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby
3. The pressure amplitude corresponding to the threshold of hearing is 2.9 x 10-5 N/m2.At what
frequency will a sound wave in air have this pressure amplitude if the displacement amplitude is
2.8 x 10-10 m? v = 343m s
ΔPmax = 2.9 10-5 N m 2 smax = 2.810−10 m
in air
 = 1.29 Kg m3
ΔPmax = smaxρ v w
w= 2πf
ΔPmax 2.910−5
ΔPmax = smaxρ v 2f f= = −10
= 37.25 Hz
s max ρ v 2π 2.810 1.293432
4. Calculate wavelength of the sound wave in air that has a displacement amplitude of 5.5 x 10-6 m and
The pressure amplitude is to be limited to 0.840 Pa
v = 343m s smax = 5.510−6 m ΔPmax = 0.84 Pa
in air
 = 1.29 Kg m3 ΔPmax = smaxρ v w
w= 2πf
ΔPmax = smaxρ v 2f ΔPmax 0.84
f= = −6
= 54.9 Hz
s max ρ v 2π 5.510 1.293432
v =f 343 =   54.9  = 6.2 m Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby
5. A sound wave in air has a pressure amplitude of 4 N/m2 and a frequency of 5000 Hz. ΔP=0 at the
point x = 0 when t = 0.
a) What is ΔP at the point x = 0 m when t= 2 × l0-4 sec.
b) What is ΔP at the point x = 0.02 m when t = 0 sec.
2
ΔPmax = 4 N m f = 5000 Hz
a) ΔP x =0 t = 2 10−4 sec
 
ΔP = ΔPmaxsin  (kx - wt)×180 
 π 
w w 2(5000)
w= 2πf=2π (5000) v= → k= = = 91.59
k v 343
 
ΔP = 4 sin  (91.59  0- 2π(5000)  2 10−4 )×180  = 0
 π 
b) ΔP x = 0.02 m t = 0 sec
 180 
ΔP = 4sin  (91.59  0.02-2π(5000)  0)×  = 3.86 N / m2
 π 
Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby
6. A harmonic sound wave can be described in the displacement mode by:
S (x,t) = (2µm) cos [15.7 x - 858 t]
a) Find the amplitude, wavelength, frequency, periodic time and speed of this wave.
b) Determine the instantaneous displacement of the molecules at the position x = 0.05 m at t = 3 msec.
c) What is the pressure variation at x = 0 when t =π /2ω? (Take ϼ = 900 kg/m3).

 
s = smax cos  (kx - wt)×180 
 π 
smax = 2 m = 210−6 m k = 15.7 m−1 w = 858 s−1

a) smax = 210−6 m

2π 2π 2π
k= →λ= = = 0.4 m
λ k 15.7
w = 2 f 858 = 2  f f = 136.55 Hz
1 1
T = = = 7.3 10−3 S
f 136.55
w 858
v= = = 54.65 m s
k 15.7 Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby
b)
s x = 0.05 m t = 3 ms = 310−3 sec
 
s = smax cos  (kx - wt)×180 
 π 
 18 0 
 = −4.329 10
− −
s = 2 10 cos  (15.7  0.05-858 310 )×
6 3 −7 m
 π 
c) ΔP x =0 t = π 2w
 
ΔP = ΔPmaxsin  (kx - wt)×180 
 π 
ΔPmax = smaxρ v w
w 858
ρ = 900 kg/m3 v= = = 54.65 m s
k 15.7
2
ΔPmax = 2 10-6  900  54.65 858 = 84.40 N m

ΔP = 84.40

sin  (15.7  0-858 π 180 
)×  = −84.4 Nm 2
 2  858 π  Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby
7. A harmonic sound wave can be described in the displacement mode by:
S (x,t) = (2m) cos [5 x - π t]
Find (a) the amplitude of the pressure variations, (b) the frequency, (c) the wavelength in air, (d) the
speed of the sound wave, and (e) periodic time of this wave
v = 343m s 
s = smax cos  (kx - wt)×180 


in air  π 
 = 1.29 Kg m3 smax = 2 m k = 5 m−1 w =  s−1
2
a) ΔPmax = smaxρ v w = 2 1.29  343 = 2780.12 N m

b) w = 2 f  = 2 f f = 0.5 Hz

2 2  = 1.256 m
c) k= 5=
 
w 
d) v = = = 0.628 m s
k 5
e) 1 1
T = = =2S
f 0.5 Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby
8. As a certain sound wave travels through the air, it produces pressure variations (above and below
atmospheric pressure) given by
ΔP=1.27 sin (π x – 340 πt)
Find (a) the amplitude of the pressure variations, (b) the frequency, (c) the wavelength in air, (d) the speed
of the sound wave, and (e) periodic time of this wave
v = 343m s 
ΔP = ΔPmaxsin  (kx - wt)×180 


in air  π 
 = 1.29 Kg m3 Pmax =1.27 N m
2 k =  m−1 w = 340 s−1

2
a) Pmax =1.27 N m

b) w = 2 f 340  = 2  f f = 170Hz
2 2 =2 m
c) k= =
 
d) w 340 
v= = = 340 m s
k 
e) 1 1
T = = = 5.8 10−3 S
f 170 Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby
9. Write an expression that describes the pressure variation as a function of position and time for a
sinusoidal wave in air if λ= 0.1m and ΔPm = 0.2 Pa.

v = 343m s λ = 0.1 m
ΔP in air
 = 1.29 Kg m3 ΔPm = 0.2 pa

 180 
ΔP = ΔPmaxsin  (kx - wt)× 
 π 

2π 2π
k= = = 62.8 m−1
λ 0.1
w
v= → w = v k = 343 62.8 = 21.54 103 rad s
k
 
ΔP = 0.2sin  (62.8 x - 21.54 103 t)×180 
 π 

Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby

10. The variation in the pressure of helium gas, measured from its equilibrium value, is given by
ΔP = 2.9 x 10-5 sin (6.20x - 3 000t)
where x and t have units m and s, and ΔP is measured in N/m2. Find (a) the amplitude of the
pressure variations, (b) the frequency, (c) the wavelength in air, (d) the speed of the sound wave,
and (e) periodic time of this wave
 
v = 343m s ΔP = ΔPmaxsin  (kx - wt)×180 
 π 
in air
 = 1.29 Kg m3 Pmax = 2.910−5 N m
2
k = 6.2 m−1 w = 3000 s−1

Pmax = 2.910−5 N m
2
a)

b) w = 2 f 3000 = 2  f f = 477.46 Hz

2 2  = 1.0134 m
c) k= 6.2 =
 
w 3000
d) v = = = 483.87 m s
k 6.2
1 1
e) T = = = 2.09 10−3 S
f 477.46 Eng/ Mahmoud Sharaby
THANKS