‫‪ - ٢‬ﻣﻤﻴﺰات وﻋﻴﻮب ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط‬

‫أوﻻ ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰات‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺑﻼ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻜﺎن وﺑﺄي آﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط ﺧﻼل اﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻌﻴﺪة‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺰن‪:‬ﻻ ﻧﺤﺘﺎج ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط ‪ ,‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﺮﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ‪:‬اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﺴﺎس ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ‪ ،‬وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ أي ﻇﺮوف ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮهﺎن اﻧﻔﺠﺎر‪:‬ﻳﻔﻀﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻓﻲ أﻻﻣﺎآﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﻔﺠﺎرات واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮى‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺎزات ﻣﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮة ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﻟﻌﺪم اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺣﺪوث أي‬
‫ﺷﺮر‪.‬‬
‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻃﺔ ‪:‬اﻵﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط ﻻ ﻳﺨﺸﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻜﺲ اﻵﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ ‪:‬اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط ﻧﻈﻴﻒ ‪ ،‬وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬وﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻐﺰل‬
‫واﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‪..‬اﻟﺦ‬
‫ﻦ ﺳﺮﻋ َﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻠ َﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴ َﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺟﺪًا‪ .‬هﺬا ﻳُﻤﻜّ ُ‬‫ﻂ ﻋﺎﻣ ُ‬ ‫ﻀﻐُﻮط وﺳ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪:‬اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟ َﻤ ْ‬
‫ﺠ َﺰ‪).‬أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺎت هﻮاﺋﻴﺔ ﻟَﻬﺎ ﺳﺮﻋ ُﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻠ ُﺔ ‪( m /sec 1-2‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗُﻨ َ‬
‫ﻀﻐُﻮﻃ ِﺔ وﺳﺮﻋ ِﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى ﻣﺘﻐﻴّﺮة ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻻﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ت اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻤ ْ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‪:‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻜﻮّﻧﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺎءِ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂِ و رﺧﻴﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫ت ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط ِﻣ ْ‬ ‫ن ﻣﻜﻮّﻧﺎ َ‬‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‪:‬إ ّ‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﻴﻮب‬
‫‪ -١‬ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ إﻧﺸﺎء وﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ وﺣﺪات ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ وﺗﺠﻔﻴﻒ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﻠﺰم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺣﺠﺎم آﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﻸﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺎت ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮى آﺒﻴﺮة ‪،‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﺪم زﻳﺎدة ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط ﻋﻦ) ‪ (7 bar‬ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﻈﺮا ﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻟﻼﻧﻀﻐﺎط ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ) أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺎت وﻣﺤﺮآﺎت هﻮاﺋﻴﺔ( ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
‫ط ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮًا ﺟﻴﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻷوﺳﺎخ واﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻀﻐُﻮ ُ‬
‫ج اﻟﻬﻮا ُء اﻟ َﻤ ْ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻳَﺤﺘﺎ ُ‬
‫ت اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﺂآﻞ اﻟﻤﻜﻮّﻧﺎ ِ‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣ ِﻞ اﻟﻔﺮدﻳ ِﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﻈﻤ ِﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫)‪(Comparison of individual factors for different systems‬‬
‫ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫)‪(Pneumatic‬‬ ‫)‪( Hydraulic‬‬ ‫)‪(Electric‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻁﺎﻗ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀـﺎﻏﻁِ ﺍﻟﻬـﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺘـﺔِ‬ ‫ﺨ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺘ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻀ ﹼ‬
‫‪Energy‬‬
‫‪produc-tion‬‬
‫ﻙ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺘﻭﺭ ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ ﺃَﻭ ﻤﺤ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬ ‫)ﻤﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻭﺩ ﻤﺘﺤﺠ‪‬ـﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺘــﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻁ‬‫ﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻏ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﺩﺍﺨﻠ ِ‬ ‫ﻙ‬‫ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻨﻭﻭﻴﺔ() ‪ hydro,‬ﻜﻬﺭﺒــﺎﺌﻲ ﺃَﻭ ﻤﺤــ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭ ِﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒ ِﺔ‪ .‬ﺘﻭﻓ ِﺭ‬‫ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻀﻐ ِ‬ ‫ﻲ ﻨـﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ‬ ‫‪ fossil-fuelled, nuclear power‬ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﺩﺍﺨﻠـ ِ‬
‫‪.(plant‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﻜﻤﻴـﺎﺕِ‬ ‫ﻫﻭﺍﺀ ﻟﻠﻀﻐ ِ‬ ‫ﺨ ِﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓ ِﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻀ ﹼ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ِﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ـﺩﺭ ِﺓ‬
‫ﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻘـ‬
‫ـﻐ ِ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻘ ـﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻀـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨﺯﻥ ﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‪ .‬ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ﹸﺘ ﹾ‬
‫ﻥ َﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤـﺩﻭﺩﺓِ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ُﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺯﻥ ﺼﻌﺏ ﻭﻤُﺘﻘﹶﻥ ﺠﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺯ ِ‬
‫‪Energy‬‬ ‫ﺨﺯُﻭﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤ‪ ‬ﹾ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺯ ِ‬ ‫ﻁ ﻫﻭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ‬ﻤﻁﻠـﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ـﻲ ﻀ‪‬ﻐ ﹶ‬ ‫ـﻁ ﻓـ‬ ‫ـﺏ ﻓﻘـ‬‫ـﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟـ‬‫ﻓـ‬
‫ل ) ﺃﺴـﻁﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬـﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻥ ﹸﺘ ﹾﻨ ﹶﻘ َ‬
‫ﻥ َﺃ ‪‬‬‫ﺕ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻤـﺎ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥِ ﻜﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺎ ُﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎ ِ‬
‫‪storage‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻐﻭﻁ (‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭ ِﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﻁ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﻴﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫)ﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺨﺯ ِ‬
‫ﻨﻘل ﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎ ِ‬ ‫ل ﺨـﻼل ﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻨﹶﻘﻠﻪ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺒﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﻥ ُﻴ ﹾﻨﻘﹶـ َ‬
‫ﻥ َﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺒﺴــﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ُﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﻨﹶﻘﻠــ ﹾ‬
‫‪Energy‬‬
‫‪transportation‬‬
‫ﻁ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ١٠٠٠‬ﻤﺘ ‪‬ﺭ )ﺒﺨﺴﺎﺭ ِﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻐ ِ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﻤﺴـﺎﻓﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺒﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ِﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎ ِ‬
‫ـﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻤﺘـ ـ ‪‬ﺭ‬ ‫ﺤــ‬
‫ﻁ(‪.‬‬
‫)ﺒﺨﺴﺎﺭ ِﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻭﺍﺌﻕﹶ ﻤﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﺨﺴﺎﺭ ِﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗ ِﺔ‪ .‬ﻴُﻔﺭ‪ ‬ﹸ‬ ‫ـﺩﻭﻥ ﺨﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗ ِﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﹾﺴـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ـﺎﺭ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗ ـ ِﺔ ﺒـ‬
‫ﻻ ﺨﺴـ‬
‫‪Leakage‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠ ‪‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻀﻐﹸﻭ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍ ُﺀ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ِل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲِ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴ ِﺭ ﻴُﻨﺘﻅـﺭ َﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﻤﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ل ﻫﻴـﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺙ ﻗﺎﺘـ ِل ﻴُﺴﺭ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﺴﺎﺌ َ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ)ﺨﻁﺭ ﺤﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫)ﺨﻁﺭ ﺤﺩﻭﺜ ِﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ِﺔ(‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻟﻁﻴﺎ ِ‬
 ‫ﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﻘﹶﺎﺭﻨﹶﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴـ ِﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗـﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻭﻜﻔﺎﺀ ِﺓ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔِ‪ ،‬ﹶﺘﻔﹶﺎﻭُﺕ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻨﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cost of‬‬
‫‪energy‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬‫ﻀﻐﹸﻭﻁ ﻋﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺤـ ُ‬ ‫ﺤﺴ‪‬ﺎﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻓـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺩﺭﺠـ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻻ ﺨﻁـ ‪‬ﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺨﻁﺭ ﺘﻘﻠﹼﺒﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤـﺩﻯ‬
‫‪Environmental‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻻﻨﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺃَﻭ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺒﺘﺴـﺭ ِ‬ ‫ﻲ )ﻋـــﺯل(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌـــ ِ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻴ ِﺔ ﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔِ‪ .‬ﺨﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴـﺩ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻫﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺌﻴــ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠــ‬
‫‪effects‬‬

‫ﻕ‬‫ﻥ ﺴُـ ‪‬ﺭﻋِﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﺩﻓ ِ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺒ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ِﺔ ِﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ِﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻀﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺘﹶﻁﻠﹼﺒ ﹾ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻴ ِﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠـﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺨﻁ ِﺭ ﺍﻻﻨﻔﺠﺎﺭ‪.‬‬‫ﺃَﻭ ﻤﻨﺎﻁ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔِ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻬل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺒﺎﻷﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻁـﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﻬل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺼـﻴﺭ ﻓﻘـﻁ ﻤ‪‬ـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻁ ﺤﻭﻟﻲ ِ ‪ ٢٠٠٠‬ﻤﻠﻴﻤﺘﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻤﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺸــﻴﻌﺔ )‪ (solenoids‬ﺃَﻭ‬
‫‪Linear‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺒﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﹰﺎ‪١٠ .‬‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﻴﺩ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺴ‪ ‬ﻴﻁﹶﺭ‪‬ﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺭ‪‬ﻜﺎﺕ ﺨﻁﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫‪motion‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ ١٥٠٠‬ﻤﻠﻴﻤﺘ ِﺭ ‪/‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺘـﺭﺍﺒﻁِ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜـﺎﻨﻴﻜﻲِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻴﺌِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟ ﹶﺘ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺠﻤ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭ‪‬ﺍﺭ ِﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻬل ﺒﺄﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻨﻅﻤ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤـ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻤِـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺘﹶﻁﻠﹼــــﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓــــﺔ‬
‫‪Handling‬‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻁﺭ ِﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔِ‪ .‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻤـﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺨﺼ‪‬ﺼﺔ‪.‬ﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﺤﻁـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤ ﹶﺘ ﹶ‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ـ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ـﻐﻭ ِ‬‫ـﻲ ﺍﻟﻀـ‬ ‫ﻓـ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﻴﻁﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻨﺘﻴﺠـ‬
‫ـﺯ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﺴـ‬
‫ﺃﺠﻬـ‬
‫ﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺩ ﹶﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺭﻴﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻁ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺽ‬
‫ﻥ ﻴُﺨ ﹼﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ َﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻭﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﺭِ‪ُ ،‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺨ ِﺔ ﻓــﻲ‬
‫ﻀﻭﻀــﺎﺀ ﻤﻀــ ﹼ‬ ‫ـﻐﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ـ ِﺔ‬
‫ـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺸـ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﻀـ‬
‫‪Noise‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺕ)‪.(silencers‬‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺘﹶﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﻜﺎﺘﻤﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ِﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻀﻭﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻭ ِ‬ ‫ل‪ contactors‬ﻭ‪،solenoids‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺘﺠــﺭﻯ ﺨــﻼل ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺒﻴــ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﻀـﻤﻥ ﺤـﺩﻭ ِﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻤ ِﺔ )‪.(rigid piping‬‬ ‫ﻀﻭﻀﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺸ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ )‪( Compressor Regulation‬‬
‫ي ﻟﺘَﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻂ ﺗﺴﻠﻴ َﻢ ﺣﺠ َﻢ اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻤﺘﻘّﻠﺐِ‪ ،‬هﻮ ﺿﺮور ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳَﺠﺎري اﻟﻀﺎﻏ ِ‬
‫ﻂ‬
‫ﻞ ﻟﻠﻀﻐ ِ‬ ‫ن ﺣﺠ َﻢ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴ َﻢ ُﻣ َﻨﻈﱠ ُﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟ ِﻘ َﻴ ِﻢ اﻟﻤُﺤﺪّد ِة اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﻳ ِ‬ ‫ﻂ‪ .‬إ ّ‬
‫اﻟﻀﺎﻏ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻗﺼﻰ واﻟﻀﻐﻂِ اﻷدﻧﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ض‪:‬‬‫ﺨ َﺘﻠِﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺘَﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻐﺮ ِ‬ ‫هﻨﺎك أﻧﻮاع ُﻣ ْ‬
 ‫‪ ٥-٥‬وﺣﺪة اﻟﺨﺪﻣ ِﺔ)‪(Service unit‬‬
‫ت‪:‬‬
‫ن وﺣﺪ َة اﻟﺨﺪﻣ َﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺣﺪا ِ‬‫إّ‬
‫ﻀﻐُﻮط )‪(compressed air filter‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺷّﺢ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟ َﻤ ْ‬
‫ﻀﻐُﻮط)‪( compressed air regulator‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈّﻢ اﻟﺠﻮي اﻟ َﻤ ْ‬
‫ﻀﻐُﻮط)‪(compressed air lubricator‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪاهﻦ اﻟﺠﻮي اﻟ َﻤ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :٥٠‬وﺣﺪة ﺧﺪﻣ ِﺔ )‪(Service unit‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ :٥١‬رﻣﺰ )وﺣﺪة ﺧﺪﻣ ِﺔ(‬
 ‫ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت ‪Solenoid‬‬
‫ﻦ أدا ِة ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺖ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬أَو أﺟﻬﺰة ﺳﻴﻄﺮة‬
‫ﻖ ﺑﻨﺒﻀﺔ ِﻣ ْ‬‫ﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪأ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻳَﻨﺒﺜ ُ‬ ‫ت ﺗَﺴﺘﻌﻤ ُ‬
‫هﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎ ِ‬
‫إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ت اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮ ِة‪.‬‬
‫ت ﻃﻮﻳﻠ َﺔ ﺟﺪًا وﻷوﻗﺎ ِ‬‫ﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎ َ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻳَﺨﺘَﺎ ُر ﻋﺎدة ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮ ِة ﻳَﺘﻀﻤّ ُ‬