Question ID 6d99b141 Question ID e10d8313

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and
Trigonometry triangles Trigonometry triangles

ID: 6d99b141 ID: e10d8313

In the figure shown, points , , , and lie on line segment , and line segment intersects line segment at
point . The measure of is , the measure of is , the measure of is , and the measure of
is . What is the measure, in degrees, of ?
In the figure, . The measure of angle is , and the measure of angle is . What is the value of
?
ID: e10d8313 Answer
Correct Answer: 123
ID: 6d99b141 Answer
Rationale
Correct Answer: 83

Rationale The correct answer is 123. The triangle angle sum theorem states that the sum of the measures of the interior
angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. It's given that the measure of ∠𝑆𝑄𝑋 is 48° and the measure of ∠𝑆𝑋𝑄 is 86°. Since
The correct answer is 83. It's given that in the figure, 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐶𝐷. Thus, triangle 𝐴𝐶𝐷 is an isosceles triangle and the points 𝑆, 𝑄, and 𝑋 form a triangle, it follows from the triangle angle sum theorem that the measure, in degrees, of
measure of angle 𝐶𝐷𝐴 is equal to the measure of angle 𝐶𝐴𝐷. The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a ∠𝑄𝑆𝑋 is 180 - 48 - 86, or 46. It's also given that the measure of ∠𝑆𝑊𝑈 is 85°. Since ∠𝑆𝑊𝑈 and ∠𝑆𝑊𝑅 are supplementary
triangle is 180°. Thus, the sum of the measures of the interior angles of triangle 𝐴𝐶𝐷 is 180°. It's given that the angles, the sum of their measures is 180 degrees. It follows that the measure, in degrees, of ∠𝑆𝑊𝑅 is 180 - 85, or 95.
measure of angle 𝐴𝐶𝐷 is 104°. It follows that the sum of the measures of angles 𝐶𝐷𝐴 and 𝐶𝐴𝐷 is 180 - 104°, or 76°. Since points 𝑅, 𝑆, and 𝑊 form a triangle, and ∠𝑅𝑆𝑊 is the same angle as ∠𝑄𝑆𝑋, it follows from the triangle angle sum
Since the measure of angle 𝐶𝐷𝐴 is equal to the measure of angle 𝐶𝐴𝐷, the measure of angle 𝐶𝐷𝐴 is half of 76°, or 38°. theorem that the measure, in degrees, of ∠𝑊𝑅𝑆 is 180 - 46 - 95, or 39. It's given that the measure of ∠𝑉𝑇𝑈 is 162°.
The sum of the measures of the interior angles of triangle 𝐵𝐷𝐸 is 180°. It's given that the measure of angle 𝐸𝐵𝐶 is 45°. Since ∠𝑉𝑇𝑈 and ∠𝑆𝑇𝑈 are supplementary angles, the sum of their measures is 180 degrees. It follows that the
Since the measure of angle 𝐵𝐷𝐸, which is the same angle as angle 𝐶𝐷𝐴, is 38°, it follows that the measure of angle measure, in degrees, of ∠𝑆𝑇𝑈 is 180 - 162, or 18. Since points 𝑅, 𝑇, and 𝑈 form a triangle, and ∠𝑈𝑅𝑇 is the same angle
𝐷𝐸𝐵 is 180 - 45 - 38°, or 97°. Since angle 𝐷𝐸𝐵 and angle 𝐴𝐸𝐵 form a straight line, the sum of the measures of these as ∠𝑊𝑅𝑆, it follows from the triangle angle sum theorem that the measure, in degrees, of ∠𝑇𝑈𝑅 is 180 - 39 - 18, or 123.
angles is 180°. It's given in the figure that the measure of angle 𝐴𝐸𝐵 is 𝑥°. It follows that 97 + 𝑥 = 180. Subtracting 97
from both sides of this equation yields 𝑥 = 83. Question Difficulty: Hard

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f88f27e5 Question ID e5c57163

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry triangles Trigonometry

ID: f88f27e5 ID: e5c57163

Intersecting lines r, s, and t are shown below.
Square A has side lengths that are times the side lengths of square B. The area of square A is times the area of square
B. What is the value of ?

ID: e5c57163 Answer

What is the value of x ? Correct Answer: 27556

Rationale

ID: f88f27e5 Answer The correct answer is 27,556. The area of a square is 𝑠2 , where 𝑠 is the side length of the square. Let 𝑥 represent the
length of each side of square B. Substituting 𝑥 for 𝑠 in 𝑠2 yields 𝑥2 . It follows that the area of square B is 𝑥2 . It’s given
Rationale
that square A has side lengths that are 166 times the side lengths of square B. Since 𝑥 represents the length of each
The correct answer is 97. The intersecting lines form a triangle, and the angle with measure of is an exterior side of square B, the length of each side of square A can be represented by the expression 166𝑥. It follows that the
area of square A is 166𝑥2 , or 27,556𝑥2 . It’s given that the area of square A is 𝑘 times the area of square B. Since the
angle of this triangle. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the two
area of square A is equal to 27,556𝑥2 , and the area of square B is equal to 𝑥2 , an equation representing the given
nonadjacent interior angles of the triangle. One of these angles has measure of and the other, which is
statement is 27,556𝑥2 = 𝑘𝑥2 . Since 𝑥 represents the length of each side of square B, the value of 𝑥 must be positive.
supplementary to the angle with measure , has measure of . Therefore, the value of x is Therefore, the value of 𝑥2 is also positive, so it does not equal 0. Dividing by 𝑥2 on both sides of the equation
. 27,556𝑥2 = 𝑘𝑥2 yields 27,556 = 𝑘. Therefore, the value of 𝑘 is 27,556.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 947a3cde Question ID 9966235e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry triangles Trigonometry

ID: 947a3cde ID: 9966235e

A cube has an edge length of inches. A solid sphere with a radius of inches is inside the cube, such that the sphere
touches the center of each face of the cube. To the nearest cubic inch, what is the volume of the space in the cube not taken
up by the sphere?

A.
In the figure above, and intersect at point P, , and .

What is the measure, in degrees, of ? (Disregard the degree symbol when B.

gridding your answer.) C.

D.
ID: 947a3cde Answer

Rationale ID: 9966235e Answer

The correct answer is 30. It is given that the measure of is . Angle MPR and are collinear and Correct Answer: A

therefore are supplementary angles. This means that the sum of the two angle measures is , and so the Rationale

measure of is . The sum of the angles in a triangle is . Subtracting the measure of from Choice A is correct. The volume of a cube can be found by using the formula 𝑉 = 𝑠3 , where 𝑉 is the volume and 𝑠 is
yields the sum of the other angles in the triangle MPR. Since , the sum of the measures of the edge length of the cube. Therefore, the volume of the given cube is 𝑉 = 683 , or 314,432 cubic inches. The volume
4
of a sphere can be found by using the formula 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟3 , where 𝑉 is the volume and 𝑟 is the radius of the sphere.
and is . It is given that , so it follows that triangle MPR is isosceles. Therefore 4
3
3
Therefore, the volume of the given sphere is 𝑉 = 𝜋34 , or approximately 164,636 cubic inches. The volume of the
3
and must be congruent. Since the sum of the measure of these two angles is , it follows that the
space in the cube not taken up by the sphere is the difference between the volume of the cube and volume of the
measure of each angle is . sphere. Subtracting the approximate volume of the sphere from the volume of the cube gives
314,432 - 164,636 = 149,796 cubic inches.
An alternate approach would be to use the exterior angle theorem, noting that the measure of is equal to the
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
sum of the measures of and . Since both angles are equal, each of them has a measure of .
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID a0369739 Question ID a07ed090

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry triangles Trigonometry

ID: a0369739 ID: a07ed090

In triangle , the measure of angle is and is an altitude of the triangle. The length of is and the length
of is greater than the length of . What is the value of ?

A.

B.

C. The figure shown is a right circular cylinder with a radius of and height of . A second right circular cylinder (not shown)
has a volume that is times as large as the volume of the cylinder shown. Which of the following could represent the
D.
radius , in terms of , and the height , in terms of , of the second cylinder?

A. and
ID: a0369739 Answer
B. and
Correct Answer: D

Rationale C. and

D. and
Choice D is correct. It's given that in triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, the measure of angle 𝐵 is 90° and 𝐵𝐷 is an altitude of the triangle.
Therefore, the measure of angle 𝐵𝐷𝐶 is 90°. It follows that angle 𝐵 is congruent to angle 𝐷 and angle 𝐶 is congruent to
angle 𝐶. By the angle-angle similarity postulate, triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is similar to triangle 𝐵𝐷𝐶. Since triangles 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷𝐶
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶 ID: a07ed090 Answer
are similar, it follows that = . It's also given that the length of 𝐴𝐵
¯
is 15 and the length of 𝐴𝐶
¯
is 23 greater than
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
Correct Answer: C
the length of 𝐴𝐵.
¯
Therefore, the length of 𝐴𝐶
¯
is 15 + 23, or 38. Substituting 15 for 𝐴𝐵 and 38 for 𝐴𝐶 in the equation
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶 38 𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐶 38
= yields = . Therefore, the value of is . Rationale
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷 15 𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐷 15

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of

𝐵𝐷
. Choice C is correct. The volume of a right circular cylinder is equal to 𝜋𝑎2 𝑏, where 𝑎 is the radius of a base of the
𝐵𝐶
cylinder and 𝑏 is the height of the cylinder. It’s given that the cylinder shown has a radius of 𝑟 and a height of ℎ. It
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. follows that the volume of the cylinder shown is equal to 𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. It’s given that the second right circular cylinder has a
radius of 𝑅 and a height of 𝐻. It follows that the volume of the second cylinder is equal to 𝜋𝑅2 𝐻. Choice C gives 𝑅 = 7𝑟
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. and 𝐻 = 8ℎ. Substituting 7𝑟 for 𝑅 and 8ℎ for 𝐻 in the expression that represents the volume of the second cylinder
yields 𝜋7𝑟2 8ℎ, or 𝜋49𝑟2 8ℎ, which is equivalent to 𝜋392𝑟2 ℎ, or 392𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. This expression is equal to 392 times the
volume of the cylinder shown, 𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. Therefore, 𝑅 = 7𝑟 and 𝐻 = 8ℎ could represent the radius 𝑅, in terms of 𝑟, and the
Question Difficulty: Hard
height 𝐻, in terms of ℎ, of the second cylinder.

Choice A is incorrect. Substituting 8𝑟 for 𝑅 and 7ℎ for 𝐻 in the expression that represents the volume of the second
2
cylinder yields 𝜋8𝑟 7ℎ, or 𝜋64𝑟2 7ℎ, which is equivalent to 𝜋448𝑟2 ℎ, or 448𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. This expression is equal to 448, not
392, times the volume of the cylinder shown.

Choice B is incorrect. Substituting 8𝑟 for 𝑅 and 49ℎ for 𝐻 in the expression that represents the volume of the second
2
cylinder yields 𝜋8𝑟 49ℎ, or 𝜋64𝑟2 49ℎ, which is equivalent to 𝜋3,136𝑟2 ℎ, or 3,136𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. This expression is equal to 3,136,
not 392, times the volume of the cylinder shown.
Choice D is incorrect. Substituting 49𝑟 for 𝑅 and 8ℎ for 𝐻 in the expression that represents the volume of the second
2
cylinder yields 𝜋49𝑟 8ℎ, or 𝜋2,401𝑟2 8ℎ, which is equivalent to 𝜋19,208𝑟2 ℎ, or 19,208𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. This expression is equal to
19,208, not 392, times the volume of the cylinder shown.
Question ID c8345903
Question Difficulty: Hard Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: c8345903

The circle above has center O, the length of arc is , and

. What is the length of arc ?

A.
9 pi

B.
13 pi

C.
18 pi

D.
13 halves pi

ID: c8345903 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The ratio of the lengths of two arcs of a circle is equal to the ratio of the measures of the central
angles that subtend the arcs. It’s given that arc is subtended by a central angle with measure 100°. Since the

sum of the measures of the angles about a point is 360°, it follows that arc is subtended by a central angle with

measure . If s is the length of arc , then s must satisfy the ratio . Reducing the

fraction to its simplest form gives . Therefore, . Multiplying both sides of by

yields .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the length of an arc consisting of exactly half of the circle, but arc is greater than

half of the circle. Choice C is incorrect. This is the total circumference of the circle. Choice D is incorrect. This is half
the length of arc , not its full length.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 901c3215 Question ID bd87bc09

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and
Trigonometry triangles Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 901c3215 ID: bd87bc09

In triangles and , angles and each have measure and angles and each have measure . Which
additional piece of information is sufficient to determine whether triangle is congruent to triangle ?

A. The measure of angle

B. The length of side

C. The lengths of sides and

Triangle above is a right triangle, and .
D. No additional information is necessary.
What is the length of side ?

ID: 901c3215 Answer

ID: bd87bc09 Answer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Rationale

The correct answer is 24. The sine of an acute angle in a right triangle is equal to the ratio of the length of the side
Choice C is correct. Since angles 𝐵 and 𝐸 each have the same measure and angles 𝐶 and 𝐹 each have the same
opposite the angle to the length of the hypotenuse. In the triangle shown, the sine of angle B, or , is equal to
measure, triangles 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐷𝐸𝐹 are similar, where side 𝐵𝐶 corresponds to side 𝐸𝐹. To determine whether two
similar triangles are congruent, it is sufficient to determine whether one pair of corresponding sides are congruent. the ratio of the length of side to the length of side . It’s given that the length of side is 26 and that
Therefore, to determine whether triangles 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐷𝐸𝐹 are congruent, it is sufficient to determine whether sides 𝐵𝐶
and 𝐸𝐹 have equal length. Thus, the lengths of 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐸𝐹 are sufficient to determine whether triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is . Therefore, . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 26 yields .
congruent to triangle 𝐷𝐸𝐹.
By the Pythagorean Theorem, the relationship between the lengths of the sides of triangle ABC is as follows:
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
, or . Subtracting 100 from both sides of yields .
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors. Taking the square root of both sides of yields .

Choice D is incorrect. The given information is sufficient to determine that triangles 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐷𝐸𝐹 are similar, but
not whether they are congruent. Question Difficulty: Hard

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f7dbde16 Question ID 76c73dbf
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and SAT Math Geometry and Circles
Trigonometry triangles Trigonometry

ID: f7dbde16 ID: 76c73dbf

In triangles and , angles and each have measure , , and . Which additional piece of The graph of in the xy-plane is a circle. What is the length of the circle’s radius?
information is sufficient to prove that triangle is similar to triangle ?

A. and ID: 76c73dbf Answer

B. and Correct Answer: 10

Rationale
C. The measures of angles and are and , respectively.
199
D. The measures of angles and are and , respectively. The correct answer is 10. It's given that the graph of 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 𝑦2 + 𝑦 = in the xy-plane is a circle. The equation of a
2
circle in the xy-plane can be written in the form 𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑦 - 𝑘 = 𝑟2 , where the coordinates of the center of the circle
2 2

2
are ℎ, 𝑘 and the length of the radius of the circle is 𝑟. The term 𝑥 - ℎ in this equation can be obtained by adding the
ID: f7dbde16 Answer square of half the coefficient of 𝑥 to both sides of the given equation to complete the square. The coefficient of 𝑥 is 1.
1 1 1 199
Correct Answer: D Half the coefficient of 𝑥 is . The square of half the coefficient of 𝑥 is . Adding to each side of 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 𝑦2 + 𝑦 =
2 4 4 2
1 199 1 12 199 1
yields 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + + 𝑦2 + 𝑦 = + , or 𝑥 + + 𝑦2 + 𝑦 = + . Similarly, the term 𝑦 - 𝑘2 can be obtained by adding the
Rationale 4 2 4 2 2 4
12 1 199 1 1
square of half the coefficient of 𝑦 to both sides of this equation, which yields 𝑥 + + 𝑦2 + 𝑦 + = + + , or
2 4 2 4 4
Choice D is correct. Two triangles are similar if they have three pairs of congruent corresponding angles. It’s given 12 12 199 1 1 12 12 12 12 2
𝑥+ +𝑦+ = + + . This equation is equivalent to 𝑥 + + 𝑦 + = 100, or 𝑥 + + 𝑦 + = 10 . Therefore,
that angles 𝐿 and 𝑅 each measure 60°, and so these corresponding angles are congruent. If angle 𝑀 is 70°, then angle 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2
the length of the circle's radius is 10.
𝑁 must be 50° so that the sum of the angles in triangle 𝐿𝑀𝑁 is 180°. If angle 𝑇 is 50°, then angle 𝑆 must be 70° so that
the sum of the angles in triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇 is 180°. Therefore, if the measures of angles 𝑀 and 𝑇 are 70° and 50°, Question Difficulty: Hard
respectively, then corresponding angles 𝑀 and 𝑆 are both 70°, and corresponding angles 𝑁 and 𝑇 are both 50°. It
follows that triangles 𝐿𝑀𝑁 and 𝑅𝑆𝑇 have three pairs of congruent corresponding angles, and so the triangles are
similar. Therefore, the additional piece of information that is sufficient to prove that triangle 𝐿𝑀𝑁 is similar to
triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇 is that the measures of angles 𝑀 and 𝑇 are 70° and 50°, respectively.

Choice A is incorrect. If the measures of two sides in one triangle are proportional to the corresponding sides in
another triangle and the included angles are congruent, then the triangles are similar. However, the two sides given
are not proportional and the angle given is not included by the given sides.

Choice B is incorrect. If the measures of two sides in one triangle are proportional to the corresponding sides in
another triangle and the included angles are congruent, then the triangles are similar. However, the angle given is
not included between the proportional sides.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 2266984b Question ID 1429dcdf

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and
Trigonometry Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 2266984b ID: 1429dcdf

x squared, plus 20 x, plus y squared, plus 16 y, equals negative 20

The equation above defines a circle in the xy-plane. What are the
coordinates of the center of the circle?

A.
negative 20 comma negative 16

B.
negative 10 comma negative 8

C.
10 comma 8

D.
20 comma 16

In the triangle shown, what is the value of ?

ID: 2266984b Answer
Correct Answer: B
ID: 1429dcdf Answer
Rationale
Correct Answer: .6956, .6957, 16/23

Choice B is correct. The standard equation of a circle in the xy-plane is of the form , where Rationale
are the coordinates of the center of the circle and r is the radius. The given equation can be rewritten in 16
The correct answer is . In a right triangle, the sine of an acute angle is defined as the ratio of the length of the side
23
standard form by completing the squares. So the sum of the first two terms, , needs a 100 to complete the opposite the angle to the length of the hypotenuse. In the triangle shown, the length of the side opposite the angle
16
square, and the sum of the second two terms, , needs a 64 to complete the square. Adding 100 and 64 to both with measure 𝑥° is 16 units and the length of the hypotenuse is 23 units. Therefore, the value of sin𝑥° is 23
. Note that
16/23, .6956, .6957, 0.695, and 0.696 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
sides of the given equation yields , which is equivalent to
Question Difficulty: Hard
. Therefore, the coordinates of the center of the circle are .

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from computational errors made when attempting to complete the
squares or when identifying the coordinates of the center.

Question Difficulty: Hard

 Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 69b0d79d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 69b0d79d

Point O is the center of the circle above, and the measure of is . If the

length of is 18, what is the length of arc ?

A.
9 pi

B.
12 pi

C.
15 pi

D.
18 pi

ID: 69b0d79d Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Because segments OA and OB are radii of the circle centered at point O, these segments have
equal lengths. Therefore, triangle AOB is an isosceles triangle, where angles OAB and OBA are congruent base
angles of the triangle. It’s given that angle OAB measures . Therefore, angle OBA also measures . Let
represent the measure of angle AOB. Since the sum of the measures of the three angles of any triangle is , it

follows that , or . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields

, or radians. Therefore, the measure of angle AOB, and thus the measure of arc , is radians.

Since is a radius of the given circle and its length is 18, the length of the radius of the circle is 18. Therefore, the

length of arc can be calculated as , or .

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors.

Question ID ebbf23ae Question ID 4c95c7d4

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and
Trigonometry Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: ebbf23ae ID: 4c95c7d4

A circle in the xy-plane has a diameter with endpoints and . An equation of this circle is
, where is a positive constant. What is the value of ?

A graphic designer is creating a logo for a company. The logo is shown in the
ID: ebbf23ae Answer figure above. The logo is in the shape of a trapezoid and consists of
Correct Answer: 5 three congruent equilateral triangles. If the perimeter of the logo is 20 centimeters,
what is the combined area of the shaded regions, in square centimeters, of the
Rationale
logo?

The correct answer is 5. The standard form of an equation of a circle in the xy-plane is 𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑦 - 𝑘 = 𝑟2 , where ℎ, 𝑘, A.
2 2
2 times the square root of 3
and 𝑟 are constants, the coordinates of the center of the circle are ℎ, 𝑘, and the length of the radius of the circle is 𝑟.
2 2
It′s given that an equation of the circle is 𝑥 - 2 + 𝑦 - 9 = 𝑟2 . Therefore, the center of this circle is 2, 9. It’s given that B.
the endpoints of a diameter of the circle are 2, 4 and 2, 14. The length of the radius is the distance from the center of 4 times the square root of 3
the circle to an endpoint of a diameter of the circle, which can be found using the distance formula,
C.
𝑥 - 𝑥 2 + 𝑦1 - 𝑦2 2 . Substituting the center of the circle 2, 9 and one endpoint of the diameter 2, 4 in this formula 8 times the square root of 3
√ 1 2
2
gives a distance of √2 - 22 + 9 - 42 , or √02 + 5 , which is equivalent to 5. Since the distance from the center of the D.
16
circle to an endpoint of a diameter is 5, the value of 𝑟 is 5.

Question Difficulty: Hard

ID: 4c95c7d4 Answer
Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It’s given that the logo is in the shape of a trapezoid that consists of three congruent equilateral
triangles, and that the perimeter of the trapezoid is 20 centimeters (cm). Since the perimeter of the trapezoid is the

sum of the lengths of 5 of the sides of the triangles, the length of each side of an equilateral triangle is .

Dividing up one equilateral triangle into two right triangles yields a pair of congruent 30°-60°-90° triangles. The
shorter leg of each right triangle is half the length of the side of an equilateral triangle, or 2 cm. Using the
Pythagorean Theorem, , the height of the equilateral triangle can be found. Substituting and

and solving for b yields cm. The area of one equilateral triangle is , where and

. Therefore, the area of one equilateral triangle is . The shaded area consists of two

such triangles, so its area is .

Alternate approach: The area of a trapezoid can be found by evaluating the expression , where is the

length of one base, is the length of the other base, and h is the height of the trapezoid. Substituting , ,
Question ID b8a225ff

and yields the expression , or , which gives an area of for the

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

trapezoid. Since two-thirds of the trapezoid is shaded, the area of the shaded region is .
Trigonometry

Choice A is incorrect. This is the height of the trapezoid. Choice B is incorrect. This is the area of one of the
equilateral triangles, not two. Choice D is incorrect and may result from using a height of 4 for each triangle rather ID: b8a225ff
than the height of .
Circle A in the xy-plane has the equation . Circle B has the same center as circle A. The radius of
Question Difficulty: Hard circle B is two times the radius of circle A. The equation defining circle B in the xy-plane is , where
is a constant. What is the value of ?

ID: b8a225ff Answer

Correct Answer: 16

Rationale

The correct answer is 16. An equation of a circle in the xy-plane can be written as 𝑥 - 𝑡2 + 𝑦 - 𝑢2 = 𝑟2 , where the
center of the circle is 𝑡, 𝑢 , the radius of the circle is 𝑟, and where 𝑡, 𝑢, and 𝑟 are constants. It’s given that the equation
2 2 2 2
of circle A is 𝑥 + 5 + 𝑦 - 5 = 4, which is equivalent to 𝑥 + 5 + 𝑦 - 5 = 22 . Therefore, the center of circle A is -5, 5 and
the radius of circle A is 2. It’s given that circle B has the same center as circle A and that the radius of circle B is two
times the radius of circle A. Therefore, the center of circle B is -5, 5 and the radius of circle B is 22, or 4. Substituting
2 2
-5 for 𝑡, 5 for 𝑢, and 4 for 𝑟 into the equation 𝑥 - 𝑡2 + 𝑦 - 𝑢2 = 𝑟2 yields 𝑥 + 5 + 𝑦 - 5 = 42 , which is equivalent to
2 2 2 2
𝑥 + 5 + 𝑦 - 5 = 16. It follows that the equation of circle B in the xy-plane is 𝑥 + 5 + 𝑦 - 5 = 16. Therefore, the value
of 𝑘 is 16.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID b0a72bdc Question ID ba8ca563

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry Trigonometry

ID: b0a72bdc ID: ba8ca563

What is the diameter of the circle in the xy-plane with equation ? A cube has a volume of cubic units. What is the surface area, in square units, of the cube?

A.
ID: ba8ca563 Answer
B.
Correct Answer: 36504
C.
Rationale
D.
The correct answer is 36,504. The volume of a cube can be found using the formula 𝑉 = 𝑠3 , where 𝑠 represents the
edge length of a cube. It’s given that this cube has a volume of 474,552 cubic units. Substituting 474,552 for 𝑉 in
ID: b0a72bdc Answer 𝑉 = 𝑠3 yields 474,552 = 𝑠3 . Taking the cube root of both sides of this equation yields 78 = 𝑠. Thus, the edge length of
the cube is 78 units. Since each face of a cube is a square, it follows that each face has an edge length of 78 units.
Correct Answer: B 2
The area of a square can be found using the formula 𝐴 = 𝑠2 . Substituting 78 for 𝑠 in this formula yields 𝐴 = 78 , or
Rationale 𝐴 = 6,084. Therefore, the area of one face of this cube is 6,084 square units. Since a cube has 6 faces, the surface area,
in square units, of this cube is 66,084, or 36,504.
Choice B is correct. The standard form of an equation of a circle in the xy-plane is 𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑦 - 𝑘 = 𝑟2 , where the
2 2

coordinates of the center of the circle are ℎ, 𝑘 and the length of the radius of the circle is 𝑟. For the circle in the xy- Question Difficulty: Hard
2 2
plane with equation 𝑥 - 5 + 𝑦 - 3 = 16, it follows that 𝑟2 = 16. Taking the square root of both sides of this equation
yields 𝑟 = 4 or 𝑟 = - 4. Because 𝑟 represents the length of the radius of the circle and this length must be positive,
𝑟 = 4. Therefore, the radius of the circle is 4. The diameter of a circle is twice the length of the radius of the circle.
Thus, 24 yields 8. Therefore, the diameter of the circle is 8.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the radius of the circle.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the square of the radius of the circle.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID a4bd60a3 Question ID 899c6042
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry trigonometry Trigonometry

ID: a4bd60a3 ID: 899c6042

The perimeter of an equilateral triangle is centimeters. The height of this triangle is centimeters, where is a A right circular cone has a height of and a base with a diameter of . The volume of this cone is
constant. What is the value of ? . What is the value of ?

ID: a4bd60a3 Answer ID: 899c6042 Answer

Correct Answer: 104 Correct Answer: 66

Rationale Rationale

The correct answer is 104. An equilateral triangle is a triangle in which all three sides have the same length and all The correct answer is 66. It’s given that the right circular cone has a height of 22 centimeters cm and a base with a
three angles have a measure of 60°. The height of the triangle, 𝑘√3 , is the length of the altitude from one vertex. The diameter of 6 cm. Since the diameter of the base of the cone is 6 cm, the radius of the base is 3 cm. The volume 𝑉,
1
altitude divides the equilateral triangle into two congruent 30-60-90 right triangles, where the altitude is the side in cm3 , of a right circular cone can be found using the formula 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟2 ℎ, where ℎ is the height, in cm, and 𝑟 is the
3
across from the 60° angle in each 30-60-90 right triangle. Since the altitude has a length of 𝑘√3 , it follows from the 1
radius, in cm, of the base of the cone. Substituting 22 for ℎ and 3 for 𝑟 in this formula yields 𝑉 = 3 𝜋32 22, or 𝑉 = 66𝜋.
properties of 30-60-90 right triangles that the side across from each 30° angle has a length of 𝑘 and each hypotenuse Therefore, the volume of the cone is 66𝜋 cm3 . It’s given that the volume of the cone is 𝑛𝜋 cm3 . Therefore, the value
has a length of 2𝑘. In this case, the hypotenuse of each 30-60-90 right triangle is a side of the equilateral triangle; of 𝑛 is 66.
therefore, each side length of the equilateral triangle is 2𝑘. The perimeter of a triangle is the sum of the lengths of
each side. It's given that the perimeter of the equilateral triangle is 624; therefore, 2𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 2𝑘 = 624, or 6𝑘 = 624. Question Difficulty: Hard
Dividing both sides of this equation by 6 yields 𝑘 = 104.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 740bf79f Question ID 3b225698

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and
Trigonometry triangles Trigonometry triangles

ID: 740bf79f ID: 3b225698

Triangle is similar to triangle such that , , and correspond to , , and , respectively. The measure of
is and . What is the measure of ?

A.

In the figure above, what is the B.

length of ?
C.
A. 2.2
D.
B. 2.3

C. 2.4 ID: 3b225698 Answer

D. 2.5 Correct Answer: C

Rationale

ID: 740bf79f Answer Choice C is correct. It’s given that triangle 𝑋𝑌𝑍 is similar to triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇, such that 𝑋, 𝑌, and 𝑍 correspond to 𝑅, 𝑆, and
Correct Answer: C 𝑇, respectively. Since corresponding angles of similar triangles are congruent, it follows that the measure of ∠𝑍 is
congruent to the measure of ∠𝑇. It’s given that the measure of ∠𝑍 is 20°. Therefore, the measure of ∠𝑇 is 20°.
Rationale

Choice A is incorrect and may result from a conceptual error.

Choice C is correct. First, is the hypotenuse of right , whose legs have lengths 3 and 4. Therefore,

, so and . Second, because corresponds to and because Choice B is incorrect. This is half the measure of ∠𝑍.

corresponds to , is similar to . The ratio of corresponding sides of similar triangles is Choice D is incorrect. This is twice the measure of ∠𝑍.

constant, so . Since and it’s given that and , . Solving for NQ results Question Difficulty: Hard

in , or 2.4.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from setting up incorrect ratios.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 249d3f80 Question ID ab176ad6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles SAT Math Geometry and Circles
Trigonometry Trigonometry

ID: 249d3f80 ID: ab176ad6

Point is the center of a circle. The measure of arc on this circle is . What is the measure, in degrees, of its The equation defines a circle in the
associated angle ?
xy‑plane. What is the radius of the circle?

ID: 249d3f80 Answer

ID: ab176ad6 Answer
Correct Answer: 100
Rationale
Rationale
The correct answer is 11. A circle with equation , where a, b, and r are constants, has center
The correct answer is 100. It's given that point 𝑂 is the center of a circle and the measure of arc 𝑅𝑆 on the circle is
100°. It follows that points 𝑅 and 𝑆 lie on the circle. Therefore, 𝑂𝑅
¯
and 𝑂𝑆
¯
are radii of the circle. A central angle is an and radius r. Therefore, the radius of the given circle is , or 11.
angle formed by two radii of a circle, with its vertex at the center of the circle. Therefore, ∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 is a central angle.
Because the degree measure of an arc is equal to the measure of its associated central angle, it follows that the Question Difficulty: Hard
measure, in degrees, of ∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 is 100.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 3e577e4a Question ID b0dc920d

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry Trigonometry

ID: 3e577e4a ID: b0dc920d

A circle in the xy-plane has its center at . Line is tangent to this circle at the point . What is the slope of A manufacturer determined that right cylindrical containers with a height that is 4
line ? inches longer than the radius offer the optimal number of containers to be
displayed on a shelf. Which of the following expresses the volume, V, in cubic
A.
inches, of such containers, where r is the radius, in inches?
B.
A.
V equals, 4 pi r cubed
C.
B.
D. V equals, pi times, open parenthesis, 2 r, close parenthesis, cubed

C.
V equals, pi r squared, plus 4 pi r
ID: 3e577e4a Answer
D.
Correct Answer: A V equals, pi r cubed, plus 4 pi r squared
Rationale

Choice A is correct. A line that's tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius of the circle at the point of ID: b0dc920d Answer
tangency. It's given that the circle has its center at -4, - 6 and line 𝑘 is tangent to the circle at the point -7, - 7. The Correct Answer: D
𝑡-𝑟
slope of a radius defined by the points 𝑞, 𝑟 and 𝑠, 𝑡 can be calculated as . The points -7, - 7 and -4, - 6 define the
𝑠-𝑞
-6 - -7 1
Rationale
radius of the circle at the point of tangency. Therefore, the slope of this radius can be calculated as -4 - -7
, or 3 . If a line
and a radius are perpendicular, the slope of the line must be the negative reciprocal of the slope of the radius. The Choice D is correct. The volume, V, of a right cylinder is given by the formula , where r represents the
1
negative reciprocal of is -3. Thus, the slope of line 𝑘 is -3.
3 radius of the base of the cylinder and h represents the height. Since the height is 4 inches longer than the radius,
the expression represents the height of each cylindrical container. It follows that the volume of each container
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
is represented by the equation . Distributing the expression into each term in the parentheses
Choice C is incorrect. This is the slope of the radius of the circle at the point of tangency, not the slope of line 𝑘.
yields .
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from representing the height as instead of . Choice B is incorrect and
Question Difficulty: Hard
may result from representing the height as instead of . Choice C is incorrect and may result from

representing the volume of a right cylinder as instead of .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 55bb437a Question ID bd7f6e30
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and
Trigonometry trigonometry Trigonometry triangles

ID: 55bb437a ID: bd7f6e30

In the figure above, .

In the figure above, . If and What is the value of x ?
, what is the length of ? A. 72

B. 66
ID: 55bb437a Answer
C. 64
Rationale
D. 58

The correct answer is 6. Since , and are both similar to 3-4-5 triangles. This means that
ID: bd7f6e30 Answer
they are both similar to the right triangle with sides of lengths 3, 4, and 5. Since , which is 3 times as long as
Correct Answer: C
the hypotenuse of the 3-4-5 triangle, the similarity ratio of to the 3-4-5 triangle is 3:1. Therefore, the length
Rationale
of (the side opposite to ) is , and the length of (the side adjacent to ) is . It is also
Choice C is correct. Since , it follows that is an isosceles triangle with base RU. Therefore,
given that . Since and , it follows that , which means that the similarity ratio
and are the base angles of an isosceles triangle and are congruent. Let the measures of both and
of to the 3-4-5 triangle is 2:1 ( is the side adjacent to ). Therefore, the length of , which is the
be . According to the triangle sum theorem, the sum of the measures of the three angles of a triangle is
side opposite to , is .
. Therefore, , so .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Note that is the same angle as . Thus, the measure of is . According to the triangle

exterior angle theorem, an external angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the opposite interior angles. Therefore,
is equal to the sum of the measures of and ; that is, . Thus, the value of x is 64.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the measure of , but is not congruent to . Choices A and D are

incorrect and may result from a calculation error.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID ffe862a3 Question ID 24cec8d1

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and SAT Math Geometry and Circles
Trigonometry trigonometry Trigonometry

ID: ffe862a3 ID: 24cec8d1

An isosceles right triangle has a hypotenuse of length inches. What is the perimeter, in inches, of this triangle? A circle has center , and points and lie on the circle. In triangle , the measure of is . What is the
measure of , in degrees? (Disregard the degree symbol when entering your answer.)
A.

B.
ID: 24cec8d1 Answer
C. Correct Answer: 46

D. Rationale

The correct answer is 46. It's given that 𝑂 is the center of a circle and that points 𝑅 and 𝑆 lie on the circle. Therefore,
ID: ffe862a3 Answer ¯
𝑂𝑅 and 𝑂𝑆
¯
are radii of the circle. It follows that 𝑂𝑅 = 𝑂𝑆. If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles

Correct Answer: C opposite them are congruent. It follows that the angles ∠𝑅𝑆𝑂 and ∠𝑂𝑅𝑆, which are across from the sides of equal
length, are congruent. Let 𝑥° represent the measure of ∠𝑅𝑆𝑂. It follows that the measure of ∠𝑂𝑅𝑆 is also 𝑥°. It's given
Rationale that the measure of ∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 is 88°. Because the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°, the
equation 𝑥° + 𝑥° + 88° = 180°, or 2𝑥 + 88 = 180, can be used to find the measure of ∠𝑅𝑆𝑂. Subtracting 88 from both
Choice C is correct. Since the triangle is an isosceles right triangle, the two sides that form the right angle must be
sides of this equation yields 2𝑥 = 92. Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields 𝑥 = 46. Therefore, the measure
the same length. Let 𝑥 be the length, in inches, of each of those sides. The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right
of ∠𝑅𝑆𝑂, in degrees, is 46.
triangle, 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐2 , where 𝑐 is the length of the hypotenuse and 𝑎 and 𝑏 are the lengths of the other two sides.
2 2
Substituting 𝑥 for 𝑎, 𝑥 for 𝑏, and 58 for 𝑐 in this equation yields 𝑥2 + 𝑥2 = 58 , or 2𝑥2 = 58 . Dividing each side of this Question Difficulty: Hard
582 2 · 582
equation by 2 yields 𝑥2 = , or 𝑥2 = . Taking the square root of each side of this equation yields two solutions:
2 4
58√2 58√2 58√2
𝑥= 2
and 𝑥 = - 2
. The value of 𝑥 must be positive because it represents a side length. Therefore, 𝑥 = 2
, or
𝑥 = 29√2 . The perimeter, in inches, of the triangle is 58 + 𝑥 + 𝑥, or 58 + 2𝑥. Substituting 29√2 for 𝑥 in this expression
gives a perimeter, in inches, of 58 + 229√2 , or 58 + 58√2 .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the length, in inches, of each of the congruent sides of the triangle, not the perimeter,
in inches, of the triangle.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the sum of the lengths, in inches, of the congruent sides of the triangle, not the
perimeter, in inches, of the triangle.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9e44284b Question ID 568d66a7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and
Trigonometry Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 9e44284b ID: 568d66a7

In the xy-plane, the graph of is a An isosceles right triangle has a perimeter of inches. What is the length, in inches, of one leg of this triangle?

circle. What is the radius of the circle? A.

A. 5 B.

B. 6.5 C.

C. D.
square root of 40

D. ID: 568d66a7 Answer

square root of 50
Correct Answer: B

Rationale

ID: 9e44284b Answer Choice B is correct. It's given that the right triangle is isosceles. In an isosceles right triangle, the two legs have
equal lengths, and the length of the hypotenuse is √2 times the length of one of the legs. Let 𝑙 represent the length,
Correct Answer: A
in inches, of each leg of the isosceles right triangle. It follows that the length of the hypotenuse is 𝑙√2 inches. The
Rationale perimeter of a figure is the sum of the lengths of the sides of the figure. Therefore, the perimeter of the isosceles
right triangle is 𝑙 + 𝑙 + 𝑙√2 inches. It's given that the perimeter of the triangle is 94 + 94√2 inches. It follows that
Choice A is correct. One way to find the radius of the circle is to rewrite the given equation in standard form,
𝑙 + 𝑙 + 𝑙√2 = 94 + 94√2 . Factoring the left-hand side of this equation yields 1 + 1 + √2 𝑙 = 94 + 94√2 , or
, where is the center of the circle and the radius of the circle is r. To do this, divide the 2 + √2 𝑙 = 94 + 94√2 . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 + √2 yields 𝑙 =
94 + 94√2
. Rationalizing the denominator
2 + √2
2 - √2
original equation, , by 2 to make the leading coefficients of and each equal to 1: of the right-hand side of this equation by multiplying the right-hand side of the equation by 2 - √2
yields
94 + 94√2 2 - √2
. Then complete the square to put the equation in standard form. To do so, first rewrite 𝑙=
2 + √2 2 - √2
. Applying the distributive property to the numerator and to the denominator of the right-hand side
188 - 94√2 + 188√2 - 94√4 94√2
of this equation yields 𝑙 = . This is equivalent to 𝑙 = , or 𝑙 = 47√2 . Therefore, the length, in
as . Second, add 2.25 and 0.25 to both 4 - 2√2 + 2√2 - √4 2
inches, of one leg of the isosceles right triangle is 47√2 .
sides of the equation: . Since ,
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
, and , it follows that . Therefore, the radius of the circle

is 5. Choice C is incorrect. This is the length, in inches, of the hypotenuse.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of errors in manipulating the equation or of a misconception Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
about the standard form of the equation of a circle in the xy-plane.
Question Difficulty: Hard

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 0e709a29 Question ID eeb4143c

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and
Trigonometry trigonometry Trigonometry triangles

ID: 0e709a29 ID: eeb4143c

The side lengths of right triangle are given. Triangle is similar to triangle , where corresponds to and
corresponds to . What is the value of ?
The area of triangle ABC above is at least 48 but no more than 60. If y is an
A. integer, what is one possible value of x ?

B.
ID: eeb4143c Answer
C.
Rationale
D.

The correct answer is either , , or . The area of triangle ABC can be expressed as or . It’s
ID: 0e709a29 Answer
given that the area of triangle ABC is at least 48 but no more than 60. It follows that . Dividing by 6 to
Correct Answer: D
isolate y in this compound inequality yields . Since y is an integer, . In the given figure, the
Rationale
two right triangles shown are similar because they have two pairs of congruent angles: their respective right angles
Choice D is correct. The hypotenuse of triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇 is the longest side and is across from the right angle. The
and angle A. Therefore, the following proportion is true: . Substituting 8 for y in the proportion results in
longest side length given is 584, which is the length of side 𝑇𝑅. Therefore, the hypotenuse of triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇 is side 𝑇𝑅,
so the right angle is angle 𝑆. The tangent of an acute angle in a right triangle is the ratio of the length of the opposite
side, which is the side across from the angle, to the length of the adjacent side, which is the side closest to the angle . Cross multiplying and solving for x yields . Substituting 9 for y in the proportion results in .
that is not the hypotenuse. It follows that the opposite side of angle 𝑇 is side 𝑅𝑆 and the adjacent side of angle 𝑇 is
𝑅𝑆
side 𝑆𝑇. Therefore, tan𝑇 = . Substituting 440 for 𝑅𝑆 and 384 for 𝑆𝑇 in this equation yields tan𝑇 =
440
. This is Cross multiplying and solving for x yields . Substituting 10 for y in the proportion results in . Cross
𝑆𝑇 384
55
equivalent to tan𝑇 = 48
. It’s given that triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇 is similar to triangle 𝑈𝑉𝑊, where 𝑆 corresponds to 𝑉 and 𝑇
corresponds to 𝑊. It follows that 𝑅 corresponds to 𝑈. Therefore, the hypotenuse of triangle 𝑈𝑉𝑊 is side 𝑊𝑈, which multiplying and solving for x yields . Note that 10/3, 15/4, 25/6, 3.333, 3.75, 4.166, and 4.167 are examples of ways
𝑈𝑉 𝑅𝑆 𝑈𝑉
means tan𝑊 = 𝑉𝑊
. Since the lengths of corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional, 𝑆𝑇
= 𝑉𝑊
. Therefore, to enter a correct answer.
𝑈𝑉 𝑅𝑆 55
tan𝑊 = is equivalent to tan𝑊 = , or tan𝑊 = tan𝑇. Thus, tan𝑊 = .
𝑉𝑊 𝑆𝑇 48
Question Difficulty: Hard
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of cos𝑊, not tan𝑊.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of sin𝑊, not tan𝑊.

1
Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of tan𝑊
, not tan𝑊.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 5b2b8866 Question ID 9f934297
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry Trigonometry

ID: 5b2b8866 ID: 9f934297

A rectangular poster has an area of square inches. A copy of the poster is made in which the length and width of the A right rectangular prism has a length of , a width of , and a height of . What is the surface
original poster are each increased by . What is the area of the copy, in square inches? area, , of the right rectangular prism?

ID: 5b2b8866 Answer ID: 9f934297 Answer

Correct Answer: 2592/5, 518.4 Correct Answer: 2216

Rationale Rationale

The correct answer is 518.4. It's given that the area of the original poster is 360 square inches. Let 𝑙 represent the The correct answer is 2,216. The surface area of a prism is the sum of the areas of all its faces. A right rectangular
length, in inches, of the original poster, and let 𝑤 represent the width, in inches, of the original poster. Since the area prism consists of six rectangular faces, where opposite faces are congruent. It's given that this prism has a length of
of a rectangle is equal to its length times its width, it follows that 360 = 𝑙𝑤. It's also given that a copy of the poster is 28 cm, a width of 15 cm, and a height of 16 cm. Thus, for this prism, there are two faces with area 2815 cm2 , two
made in which the length and width of the original poster are each increased by 20%. It follows that the length of faces with area 2816 cm2 , and two faces with area 1516 cm2 . Therefore, the surface area, in cm2 , of the right
the copy is the length of the original poster plus 20% of the length of the original poster, which is equivalent to rectangular prism is 22815 + 22816 + 21516, or 2,216.
20
𝑙+ 𝑙 inches. This length can be rewritten as 𝑙 + 0.2𝑙 inches, or 1.2𝑙 inches. Similarly, the width of the copy is the
100
width of the original poster plus 20% of the width of the original poster, which is equivalent to 𝑤 +
20
𝑤 inches. This Question Difficulty: Hard
100
width can be rewritten as 𝑤 + 0.2𝑤 inches, or 1.2𝑤 inches. Since the area of a rectangle is equal to its length times its
width, it follows that the area, in square inches, of the copy is equal to 1.2𝑙1.2𝑤, which can be rewritten as 1.21.2𝑙𝑤.
Since 360 = 𝑙𝑤, the area, in square inches, of the copy can be found by substituting 360 for 𝑙𝑤 in the expression
1.21.2𝑙𝑤, which yields 1.21.2360, or 518.4. Therefore, the area of the copy, in square inches, is 518.4.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID dc71597b Question ID f811d345

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and
Trigonometry Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: dc71597b ID: f811d345

A right triangle has legs with lengths of centimeters and centimeters. If the length of this triangle's hypotenuse, in
A right circular cone has a volume of cubic feet and a height of 9 feet. What centimeters, can be written in the form , where is an integer, what is the value of ?
is the radius, in feet, of the base of the cone?

A. ID: f811d345 Answer

one third
Correct Answer: 113
B.
the fraction 1 over the square root of 3, end fraction Rationale

C. The correct answer is 113. It's given that the legs of a right triangle have lengths 24 centimeters and 21 centimeters.
the square root of 3 In a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the
two legs. It follows that if ℎ represents the length, in centimeters, of the hypotenuse of the right triangle,
D.
3 ℎ2 = 242 + 212 . This equation is equivalent to ℎ2 = 1,017. Taking the square root of each side of this equation yields
ℎ = √1,017 . This equation can be rewritten as ℎ = √9 · 113 , or ℎ = √9 · √113 . This equation is equivalent to ℎ = 3√113 .
It's given that the length of the triangle's hypotenuse, in centimeters, can be written in the form 3√𝑑 . It follows that
ID: dc71597b Answer the value of 𝑑 is 113.
Correct Answer: A
Question Difficulty: Hard
Rationale

Choice A is correct. The equation for the volume of a right circular cone is . It’s given that the volume of

the right circular cone is cubic feet and the height is 9 feet. Substituting these values for V and h, respectively,

gives . Dividing both sides of the equation by gives . Dividing both sides of the

equation by 9 gives . Taking the square root of both sides results in two possible values for the radius,

or . Since the radius can’t have a negative value, that leaves as the only possibility. Applying the

quotient property of square roots, , results in , or .

Choices B and C are incorrect and may result from incorrectly evaluating . Choice D is incorrect and may

result from solving instead of .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c9931030 Question ID 6933b3d9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and
Trigonometry trigonometry Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: c9931030 ID: 6933b3d9

The side lengths of right triangle are given. Triangle is similar to triangle , where corresponds to and In triangle RST above, point W (not shown) lies on . What is the

corresponds to . What is the value of ? value of ?

A.

B. ID: 6933b3d9 Answer

C. Rationale

D. The correct answer is 0. Note that no matter where point W is on , the sum of the measures of and

is equal to the measure of , which is . Thus, and are complementary angles.

ID: c9931030 Answer Since the cosine of an angle is equal to the sine of its complementary angle, . Therefore,
Correct Answer: B .

Rationale
Question Difficulty: Hard
Choice B is correct. It's given that right triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇 is similar to triangle 𝑈𝑉𝑊, where 𝑆 corresponds to 𝑉 and 𝑇
corresponds to 𝑊. It's given that the side lengths of the right triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇 are 𝑅𝑆 = 20, 𝑆𝑇 = 48, and 𝑇𝑅 = 52.
Corresponding angles in similar triangles are equal. It follows that the measure of angle 𝑇 is equal to the measure of
angle 𝑊. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is the longest side. It follows that the hypotenuse of triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇 is side
𝑇𝑅. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is the side opposite the right angle. Therefore, angle 𝑆 is a right angle. The
adjacent side of an acute angle in a right triangle is the side closest to the angle that is not the hypotenuse. It
follows that the adjacent side of angle 𝑇 is side 𝑆𝑇. The opposite side of an acute angle in a right triangle is the side
across from the acute angle. It follows that the opposite side of angle 𝑇 is side 𝑅𝑆. The tangent of an acute angle in a
𝑅𝑆
right triangle is the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the adjacent side. Therefore, tan 𝑇 = 𝑆𝑇
.
20 5
Substituting 20 for 𝑅𝑆 and 48 for 𝑆𝑇 in this equation yields tan 𝑇 = , or tan 𝑇 = . The tangents of two acute
48 12
angles with equal measures are equal. Since the measure of angle 𝑇 is equal to the measure of angle 𝑊, it follows
5 5 5
that tan 𝑇 = tan 𝑊. Substituting 12
for tan 𝑇 in this equation yields 12
= tan 𝑊. Therefore, the value of tan 𝑊 is 12
.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of sin 𝑊.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of cos 𝑊.

1
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of .
tan 𝑊

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6ab30ce3 Question ID 9acd101f

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and SAT Math Geometry and Circles
Trigonometry trigonometry Trigonometry

ID: 6ab30ce3 ID: 9acd101f

Triangle is similar to triangle , where corresponds to and corresponds to . Angles and are right The equation represents circle A. Circle B is obtained by shifting circle A down units in the xy-plane.
angles. If and , what is the length of ? Which of the following equations represents circle B?

A. A. msup

B. B. msup

C. C. msup

D. D. msup

ID: 6ab30ce3 Answer ID: 9acd101f Answer

Correct Answer: D Correct Answer: D

Rationale Rationale

Choice D is correct. The graph in the xy-plane of an equation of the form 𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑦 - 𝑘 = 𝑟2 is a circle with center ℎ, 𝑘
2 2
Choice D is correct. Corresponding angles in similar triangles have equal measures. It's given that triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is
similar to triangle 𝐷𝐸𝐹, where 𝐴 corresponds to 𝐷, so the measure of angle 𝐴 is equal to the measure of angle 𝐷. and a radius of length 𝑟. It's given that circle A is represented by 𝑥2 + 𝑦 - 12 = 49, which can be rewritten as
Therefore, if tan𝐴 = √3 , then tan𝐷 = √3 . It's given that angles 𝐶 and 𝐹 are right angles, so triangles 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐷𝐸𝐹 are 𝑥2 + 𝑦 - 12 = 72 . Therefore, circle A has center 0, 1 and a radius of length 7. Shifting circle A down two units is a rigid
right triangles. The adjacent side of an acute angle in a right triangle is the side closest to the angle that is not the vertical translation of circle A that does not change its size or shape. Since circle B is obtained by shifting circle A
hypotenuse. It follows that the adjacent side of angle 𝐷 is side 𝐷𝐹. The opposite side of an acute angle in a right down two units, it follows that circle B has the same radius as circle A, and for each point 𝑥, 𝑦 on circle A, the point
triangle is the side across from the acute angle. It follows that the opposite side of angle 𝐷 is side 𝐸𝐹. The tangent of 𝑥, 𝑦 - 2 lies on circle B. Moreover, if ℎ, 𝑘 is the center of circle A, then ℎ, 𝑘 - 2 is the center of circle B. Therefore, circle B
an acute angle in a right triangle is the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the adjacent side. has a radius of 7 and the center of circle B is 0, 1 - 2, or 0, - 1. Thus, circle B can be represented by the equation
𝐸𝐹 2 2 2
Therefore, tan𝐷 = . If 𝐷𝐹 = 125, the length of side 𝐸𝐹 can be found by substituting √3 for tan𝐷 and 125 for 𝐷𝐹 in the 𝑥2 + 𝑦 + 1 = 7 , or 𝑥2 + 𝑦 + 1 = 49.
𝐷𝐹
𝐸𝐹 𝐸𝐹
equation tan𝐷 = , which yields √3 = . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 125 yields 125√3 = 𝐸𝐹. Since
𝐷𝐹 125 Choice A is incorrect. This is the equation of a circle obtained by shifting circle A right 2 units.
the length of side 𝐸𝐹 is √3 times the length of side 𝐷𝐹, it follows that triangle 𝐷𝐸𝐹 is a special right triangle with
¯
angle measures 30°, 60°, and 90°. Therefore, the length of the hypotenuse, 𝐷𝐸, is 2 times the length of side 𝐷𝐹, or Choice B is incorrect. This is the equation of a circle obtained by shifting circle A up 2 units.
𝐷𝐸 = 2𝐷𝐹. Substituting 125 for 𝐷𝐹 in this equation yields 𝐷𝐸 = 2125, or 𝐷𝐸 = 250. Thus, if tan𝐴 = √3 and 𝐷𝐹 = 125,
¯
the length of 𝐷𝐸 is 250. Choice C is incorrect. This is the equation of a circle obtained by shifting circle A left 2 units.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Question Difficulty: Hard

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

¯ ¯
Choice C is incorrect. This is the length of 𝐸𝐹, not 𝐷𝐸.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 5b4757df Question ID ca2235f6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and SAT Math Geometry and Circles
Trigonometry triangles Trigonometry

ID: 5b4757df ID: ca2235f6

In triangle , angle is a right angle, point lies on , point lies on , and is parallel to . If the length of A circle has center , and points and lie on the circle. The measure of arc is and the length of arc is
is units, the length of is units, and the area of triangle is square units, what is the length of , in inches. What is the circumference, in inches, of the circle?
units?
A.

B.
ID: 5b4757df Answer
Correct Answer: 14.66, 14.67, 44/3 C.

Rationale D.
44
The correct answer is . It's given that in triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇, angle 𝑇 is a right angle. The area of a right triangle can be
3
1
found using the formula 𝐴 = 2 𝑙1 𝑙2 , where 𝐴 represents the area of the right triangle, 𝑙1 represents the length of one ID: ca2235f6 Answer
leg of the triangle, and 𝑙2 represents the length of the other leg of the triangle. In triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇, the two legs are 𝑅𝑇
¯
Correct Answer: D
1
and 𝑆𝑇.
¯
Therefore, if the length of 𝑅𝑇
¯
is 72 and the area of triangle 𝑅𝑆𝑇 is 792, then 792 = 72𝑆𝑇, or 792 = 36𝑆𝑇.
2 Rationale
Dividing both sides of this equation by 36 yields 22 = 𝑆𝑇. Therefore, the length of 𝑆𝑇
¯
is 22. It's also given that point 𝐿
lies on 𝑅𝑆,
¯
point 𝐾 lies on 𝑆𝑇,
¯
and 𝐿𝐾
¯
is parallel to 𝑅𝑇.
¯
It follows that angle 𝐿𝐾𝑆 is a right angle. Since triangles 𝑅𝑆𝑇 Choice D is correct. It’s given that the measure of arc 𝐴𝐵 is 45° and the length of arc 𝐴𝐵 is 3 inches. The arc measure
and 𝐿𝑆𝐾 share angle 𝑆 and have right angles 𝑇 and 𝐾, respectively, triangles 𝑅𝑆𝑇 and 𝐿𝑆𝐾 are similar triangles. of the full circle is 360°. If 𝑥 represents the circumference, in inches, of the circle, it follows that
45°
=
3 inches
. This
360° 𝑥 inches
Therefore, the ratio of the length of 𝑅𝑇
¯
to the length of 𝐿𝐾
¯
is equal to the ratio of the length of 𝑆𝑇
¯
to the length of 𝑆𝐾.
¯
equation is equivalent to
45 3
= 𝑥 , or
1 3
= 𝑥 . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 8𝑥 yields 1 ( 𝑥 ) = 3 ( 8 ) , or
72 360 8
If the length of 𝑅𝑇
¯
is 72 and the length of 𝐿𝐾
¯
is 24, it follows that the ratio of the length of 𝑅𝑇
¯
to the length of 𝐿𝐾
¯
is ,
22
24 𝑥 = 24. Therefore, the circumference of the circle is 24 inches.
or 3, so the ratio of the length of 𝑆𝑇
¯
to the length of 𝑆𝐾
¯
is 3. Therefore, 𝑆𝐾
= 3. Multiplying both sides of this equation
22
by 𝑆𝐾 yields 22 = 3𝑆𝐾. Dividing both sides of this equation by 3 yields 3 = 𝑆𝐾. Since the length of 𝑆𝑇,
¯
22, is the sum Choice A is incorrect. This is the length of arc 𝐴𝐵.
22 22 44
of the length of 𝑆𝐾,
¯
, and the length of 𝐾𝑇,
¯
it follows that the length of 𝐾𝑇¯
is 22 - , or . Note that 44/3, 14.66, and
3 3 3
Choice B is incorrect and may result from multiplying the length of arc 𝐴𝐵 by 2.
14.67 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from squaring the length of arc 𝐴𝐵.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9d159400 Question ID 981275d2

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles SAT Math Geometry and Circles
Trigonometry Trigonometry

ID: 9d159400 ID: 981275d2

Open parenthesis, x minus 6, close parenthesis, squared, plus, open parenthesis, y plus 5, close parenthesis, squared,
Which of the following equations represents a circle in the xy-plane that intersects the y-axis at exactly one point? equals 16
A. msup
In the xy-plane, the graph of the equation above is a circle. Point P is on the circle
B. msup and has coordinates . If is a diameter of the circle, what are the

coordinates of point Q ?
C. msup
A.
D. msup 2 comma negative 5

B.
6 comma negative 1
ID: 9d159400 Answer
Correct Answer: C C.
6 comma negative 5
Rationale
D.
6 comma negative 9
Choice C is correct. The graph of the equation 𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑦 - 𝑘 = 𝑟2 in the xy-plane is a circle with center ℎ, 𝑘 and a
2 2

radius of length 𝑟. The radius of a circle is the distance from the center of the circle to any point on the circle. If a
circle in the xy-plane intersects the y-axis at exactly one point, then the perpendicular distance from the center of ID: 981275d2 Answer
the circle to this point on the y-axis must be equal to the length of the circle's radius. It follows that the x-coordinate
Correct Answer: A
of the circle's center must be equivalent to the length of the circle's radius. In other words, if the graph of
𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑦 - 𝑘2 = 𝑟2 is a circle that intersects the y-axis at exactly one point, then 𝑟 = ℎ must be true. The equation in Rationale
choice C is 𝑥 - 42 + 𝑦 - 92 = 16, or 𝑥 - 42 + 𝑦 - 92 = 42 . This equation is in the form 𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑦 - 𝑘2 = 𝑟2 , where ℎ = 4, 𝑘 = 9,
and 𝑟 = 4, and represents a circle in the xy-plane with center 4, 9 and radius of length 4. Substituting 4 for 𝑟 and 4 for Choice A is correct. The standard form for the equation of a circle is , where are the
ℎ in the equation 𝑟 = ℎ yields 4 = 4, or 4 = 4, which is true. Therefore, the equation in choice C represents a circle in coordinates of the center and r is the length of the radius. According to the given equation, the center of the circle is
the xy-plane that intersects the y-axis at exactly one point. . Let represent the coordinates of point Q. Since point P and point Q are the endpoints

Choice A is incorrect. This is the equation of a circle that does not intersect the y-axis at any point. of a diameter of the circle, the center lies on the diameter, halfway between P and Q. Therefore, the following

Choice B is incorrect. This is an equation of a circle that intersects the x-axis, not the y-axis, at exactly one point.
relationships hold: and . Solving the equations for and , respectively, yields

Choice D is incorrect. This is the equation of a circle with the center located on the y-axis and thus intersects the y- and . Therefore, the coordinates of point Q are .
axis at exactly two points, not exactly one point.
Alternate approach: Since point P on the circle and the center of the circle have the same y-
Question Difficulty: Hard
coordinate, it follows that the radius of the circle is . In addition, the opposite end of the diameter

must have the same y-coordinate as P and be 4 units away from the center. Hence, the coordinates of point Q must
be .

Choices B and D are incorrect because the points given in these choices lie on a diameter that is perpendicular to
the diameter . If either of these points were point Q, then would not be the diameter of the circle. Choice C is
incorrect because is the center of the circle and does not lie on the circle.

Question ID 89661424
Question Difficulty: Hard Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 89661424

A circle in the xy-plane has its center at and has a radius of . An equation of this circle is
, where , , and are constants. What is the value of ?

ID: 89661424 Answer

Correct Answer: -52

Rationale

The correct answer is -52. The equation of a circle in the xy-plane with its center at ℎ, 𝑘 and a radius of 𝑟 can be
written in the form 𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑦 - 𝑘2 = 𝑟2 . It's given that a circle in the xy-plane has its center at -5, 2 and has a radius of
2
9. Substituting -5 for ℎ, 2 for 𝑘, and 9 for 𝑟 in the equation 𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑦 - 𝑘2 = 𝑟2 yields 𝑥 - -5 + 𝑦 - 22 = 92 , or
2 2
𝑥 + 5 + 𝑦 - 2 = 81. It's also given that an equation of this circle is 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are
2
constants. Therefore, 𝑥 + 5 + 𝑦 - 22 = 81 can be rewritten in the form 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0. The equation
2
𝑥 + 5 + 𝑦 - 22 = 81, or 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 5 + 𝑦 - 2𝑦 - 2 = 81, can be rewritten as 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 25 + 𝑦2 - 2𝑦 - 2𝑦 + 4 = 81.
Combining like terms on the left-hand side of this equation yields 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 10𝑥 - 4𝑦 + 29 = 81. Subtracting 81 from
both sides of this equation yields 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 10𝑥 - 4𝑦 - 52 = 0, which is equivalent to 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 10𝑥 + -4𝑦 + -52 = 0. This
equation is in the form 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0. Therefore, the value of 𝑐 is -52.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 7c25b0dc Question ID e80d62c6

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and SAT Math Geometry and Circles
Trigonometry trigonometry Trigonometry

ID: 7c25b0dc ID: e80d62c6

The length of a rectangle’s diagonal is , and the length of the rectangle’s shorter side is . What is the length of the The equation represents circle A. Circle B is obtained by shifting circle A down units in the xy-plane.
rectangle’s longer side? Which of the following equations represents circle B?

A. msup
ID: 7c25b0dc Answer
B. msup
Correct Answer: 12
C. msup
Rationale
D. msup
The correct answer is 12. The diagonal of a rectangle forms a right triangle, where the shorter side and the longer
side of the rectangle are the legs of the triangle and the diagonal of the rectangle is the hypotenuse of the triangle.
It's given that the length of the rectangle's diagonal is 3√17 and the length of the rectangle's shorter side is 3. Thus, ID: e80d62c6 Answer
the length of the hypotenuse of the right triangle formed by the diagonal is 3√17 and the length of one of the legs is Correct Answer: A
3. By the Pythagorean theorem, if a right triangle has a hypotenuse with length 𝑐 and legs with lengths 𝑎 and 𝑏, then
2 2 2 Rationale
𝑎2 + 𝑏 = 𝑐2 . Substituting 3√17 for 𝑐 and 3 for 𝑏 in this equation yields 𝑎2 + 3 = 3√17 , or 𝑎2 + 9 = 153. Subtracting 9
from both sides of this equation yields 𝑎2 = 144. Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields
Choice A is correct. The standard form of an equation of a circle in the xy-plane is 𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑦 - 𝑘2 = 𝑟2 , where the
𝑎 = ± √144 , or 𝑎 = ± 12. Since 𝑎 represents a length, which must be positive, the value of 𝑎 is 12. Thus, the length of
coordinates of the center of the circle are ℎ, 𝑘 and the length of the radius of the circle is 𝑟. The equation of circle A,
the rectangle's longer side is 12. 2 2 2 2
𝑥2 + 𝑦 - 2 = 36, can be rewritten as 𝑥 - 0 + 𝑦 - 2 = 6 . Therefore, the center of circle A is at 0, 2 and the length of the
radius of circle A is 6. If circle A is shifted down 4 units, the y-coordinate of its center will decrease by 4; the radius
Question Difficulty: Hard
of the circle and the x-coordinate of its center will not change. Therefore, the center of circle B is at 0, 2 - 4, or 0, - 2,
2 2 2 2 2
and its radius is 6. Substituting 0 for ℎ, -2 for 𝑘, and 6 for 𝑟 in the equation 𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑦 - 𝑘 = 𝑟2 yields 𝑥 - 0 + 𝑦 - -2 = 6 ,
or 𝑥2 + 𝑦 + 22 = 36. Therefore, the equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦 + 22 = 36 represents circle B.

Choice B is incorrect. This equation represents a circle obtained by shifting circle A up, rather than down, 4 units.

Choice C is incorrect. This equation represents a circle obtained by shifting circle A right, rather than down, 4 units.

Choice D is incorrect. This equation represents a circle obtained by shifting circle A left, rather than down, 4 units.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f243c383 Question ID 93de3f84
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry Trigonometry

ID: f243c383 ID: 93de3f84

Two identical rectangular prisms each have a height of . The base of each prism is a square, and the The volume of right circular cylinder A is 22 cubic centimeters. What is the volume,
surface area of each prism is . If the prisms are glued together along a square base, the resulting prism has a surface in cubic centimeters, of a right circular cylinder with twice the radius and half the
area of . What is the side length, in , of each square base? height of cylinder A?

A. A. 11

B. B. 22

C. C. 44

D. D. 66

ID: f243c383 Answer ID: 93de3f84 Answer

Correct Answer: B Correct Answer: C

Rationale Rationale

Choice B is correct. Let 𝑥 represent the side length, in cm, of each square base. If the two prisms are glued together Choice C is correct. The volume of right circular cylinder A is given by the expression , where r is the radius of
along a square base, the resulting prism has a surface area equal to twice the surface area of one of the prisms,
its circular base and h is its height. The volume of a cylinder with twice the radius and half the height of cylinder A
minus the area of the two square bases that are being glued together, which yields 2𝐾 - 2𝑥 2
cm . It’s given that this
2
92 92 92
resulting surface area is equal to 47
𝐾 cm2 , so 2𝐾 - 2𝑥2 = 47
𝐾. Subtracting 47
𝐾 from both sides of this equation yields is given by , which is equivalent to . Therefore, the volume is twice the volume of
92 47
2𝐾 - 𝐾 - 2𝑥 = 0. This equation can be rewritten by multiplying 2𝐾 on the left-hand side by
2
, which yields
94
47
92 2 2
47 cylinder A, or .
47
𝐾 - 47 𝐾 - 2𝑥 = 0, or
2
47
𝐾 - 2𝑥 = 0. Adding 2𝑥 to both sides of this equation yields
2 2
47
𝐾 = 2𝑥 . Multiplying both sides
2
47
of this equation by yields 𝐾 = 47𝑥2 . The surface area 𝐾, in cm2 , of each rectangular prism is equivalent to the sum
2 Choice A is incorrect and likely results from not multiplying the radius of cylinder A by 2. Choice B is incorrect and
of the areas of the two square bases and the areas of the four lateral faces. Since the height of each rectangular likely results from not squaring the 2 in 2r when applying the volume formula. Choice D is incorrect and likely
prism is 90 cm and the side length of each square base is 𝑥 cm, it follows that the area of each square base is results from a conceptual error.
𝑥2 cm2 and the area of each lateral face is 90𝑥 cm2 . Therefore, the surface area of each rectangular prism can be
represented by the expression 2𝑥2 + 490𝑥, or 2𝑥2 + 360𝑥. Substituting this expression for 𝐾 in the equation 𝐾 = 47𝑥2
yields 2𝑥2 + 360𝑥 = 47𝑥2 . Subtracting 2𝑥2 and 360𝑥 from both sides of this equation yields 0 = 45𝑥2 - 360𝑥. Factoring
𝑥 from the right-hand side of this equation yields 0 = 𝑥45𝑥 - 360. Applying the zero product property, it follows that Question Difficulty: Hard
𝑥 = 0 and 45𝑥 - 360 = 0. Adding 360 to both sides of the equation 45𝑥 - 360 = 0 yields 45𝑥 = 360. Dividing both sides of
this equation by 45 yields 𝑥 = 8. Since a side length of a rectangular prism can’t be 0, the length of each square base
is 8 cm.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID fb58c0db Question ID ae041e52

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and
Trigonometry Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: fb58c0db ID: ae041e52

Points A and B lie on a circle with radius 1, and arc has length . What A square is inscribed in a circle. The radius of the circle is inches. What is the side length, in inches, of the square?

fraction of the circumference of the circle is the length of arc ? A.

B.

ID: fb58c0db Answer C.

Rationale D.

The correct answer is . The circumference, C, of a circle is , where r is the length of the radius of the ID: ae041e52 Answer
circle. For the given circle with a radius of 1, the circumference is , or . To find what fraction of Correct Answer: A

the circumference the length of arc is, divide the length of the arc by the circumference, which gives . Rationale

Choice A is correct. When a square is inscribed in a circle, a diagonal of the square is a diameter of the circle. It's
This division can be represented by . Note that 1/6, .1666, .1667, 0.166, and 0.167 are examples of ways 20√2
given that a square is inscribed in a circle and the length of a radius of the circle is inches. Therefore, the length
2
to enter a correct answer. of a diameter of the circle is 2
20√2
inches, or 20√2 inches. It follows that the length of a diagonal of the square is
2
20√2 inches. A diagonal of a square separates the square into two right triangles in which the legs are the sides of
Question Difficulty: Hard
the square and the hypotenuse is a diagonal. Since a square has 4 congruent sides, each of these two right triangles
has congruent legs and a hypotenuse of length 20√2 inches. Since each of these two right triangles has congruent
legs, they are both 45-45-90 triangles. In a 45-45-90 triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is √2 times the length of a
leg. Let 𝑠 represent the length of a leg of one of these 45-45-90 triangles. It follows that 20√2 = √2 𝑠. Dividing both
sides of this equation by √2 yields 20 = 𝑠. Therefore, the length of a leg of one of these 45-45-90 triangles is 20
inches. Since the legs of these two 45-45-90 triangles are the sides of the square, it follows that the side length of the
square is 20 inches.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the length of a radius, in inches, of the circle.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the length of a diameter, in inches, of the circle.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard